CN103439650B - A kind of method and apparatus of relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis - Google Patents
A kind of method and apparatus of relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of by monitoring and split-phase relay control system loop and the method and apparatus by the change of control system circuit the state of relay being carried out to monitoring and fault diagnosis, the method adopts algorithm for pattern recognition to process selected fault sample, obtain the sorter being used for relay status diagnosis, and obtain the discriminant function of each class, relevant staff is presented in state analysis and diagnostic result and maintenance, maintenance suggestion.The method and device overcome the deficiency of existing relay test technology, not only do not need the sequential knowing relay closes and disconnection, and can also predict the hidden danger of fault, thus avoid the generation of fault by maintenance in advance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electricity field, be specifically related to by monitoring and split-phase relay control system loop and the method and apparatus by the change of control system circuit the state of relay being carried out to monitoring and fault diagnosis.
Background technology
Relay is a kind of electric control device, is when the change of input quantity (energizing quantity) reaches regulation requirement, makes controlled volume that a kind of electrical equipment of predetermined Spline smoothing occurs in electric output circuit.It has control system loop (also known as input circuit) and by the interactive relationship controlled between system circuit (also known as output loop).Usually be applied in the control circuit of robotization, it is actually the one " automatic switch " going to control big current running with small area analysis, plays the effects such as automatic adjustment, safeguard protection, change-over circuit in circuit.Being widely used in remote control, remote measurement, communication, automatically control, electromechanical integration and power electronic equipment, is one of most important control element.Relay is generally made up of sense mechanism, intermediary agency and topworks three essential parts.Sense mechanism passes to intermediary agency the electric parameters sensed, and is compared in it and specified setting valve when reaching setting valve (excessive or deficient amount), the action of Bian Shi topworks of intermediary agency, thus is switched on or switched off controlled circuit.
The kind of relay is a lot, can be divided into pilot relay and protective relay by purposes; Voltage relay, current relay, the time relay, speed relay, pressure switch and temperature relay etc. can be divided into by the character of input signal; Electromagnetic type relay, induction type relay, electrothermal relay and electronic relay etc. can be divided into by principle of work; Instantaneous acting relay and timing relay etc. can be divided into by actuation time.
Because relay plays a part " automatic switch " in control circuit, so whether the duty of relay is good, the whether correct direct relation of switch motion the target whether control action can reach control.If relay duty is bad, just likely cause controlling failure or Wrong control, the lighter causes quality accident, and severe one also likely causes great security incident.
(according to the voltage at relay two ends and/or relay coil electric current, application number: the sequential 201110041317.6) disclosing a kind of closed and disconnected according to the relay in electric vehicle high-voltage system judges that relay is in normal duty or is in malfunction to Chinese patent " a kind of relay status detection method of electric vehicle high-voltage system and device ".This invention preferably resolves the state-detection problem of electric motor car high-voltage relay, but because this invention needs the closed and disconnected sequential knowing relay in advance, the state of relay could be diagnosed, thus then can not be suitable for the operative scenario that a lot of relay closes and disconnection sequential cannot obtain.The method can only judge that the normal of relay or fault two states cannot the more unpredictable potential faults of kind of tracing trouble in addition, and it cannot avoid the generation of accident.
Summary of the invention
For existing relay fault state monitoring and method for diagnosing faults and device not
Foot, the invention provides a kind of relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis method and device.Pass through
Real-time detection control system loop and analyzing and processing is carried out to it thus draws relay status and failure cause by the change that controls system circuit signal.The method and device overcome the deficiency of existing detection technique, not only do not need the sequential knowing relay closes and disconnection, and can also predict the hidden danger of fault, thus avoid the generation of fault by maintenance in advance.
A kind of relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1. choose the electric current in control system loop, voltage, impedance and controlled the signal characteristic of impedance as relay fault diagnosis of system circuit;
2. according to artificial experience or by algorithm for pattern recognition, selected fault-signal feature samples is processed, obtain the sorter being used for relay status diagnosis, and obtain the discriminant function of each classification;
3. acquisition control system loop and the correlation parameter signal by control system circuit;
4. pair control system loop detected and analyzed by control system circuit signal, process and extract signal characteristic, the sorter utilizing these characteristic sum to utilize step 2 to obtain carries out classification to relay status and draws diagnostic result;
5. relevant staff is presented in state analysis and diagnostic result and maintenance, maintenance suggestion.
Further, above-mentioned algorithm for pattern recognition algorithm supervised recognition, non-supervisory pattern-recognition, support vector machine, artificial neural network, any one in fault tree.
A kind of relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis device of the present invention comprises: for completing the control system loop signal collecting unit of relay control system loop signal acquisition function, for complete relay by control system circuit signals collecting function by control system circuit signal gathering unit, for completing the relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit of relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis function, for completing the relay status monitoring display unit that relay status is monitored and presented function,
Described control system loop signal collecting unit completes collection and the transmission of control system loop electric signal, it is connected with relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit, to be directly connected with control system loop or to obtain control system loop signal with the non-contacting way of electromagnetic induction in control system loop;
The described system circuit signal gathering unit that controlled completes by the collection of control system circuit signal and transmission, it is connected with relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit, with controlled system circuit and be directly connected or obtained controlled system circuit signal to control the non-contacting way of electromagnetic induction of system circuit;
Described relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit completes control system loop signal, is controlled the process of system circuit signal, relay status is analyzed and diagnostic function, complete the transmission of relay status, failure cause and treatment advice information, its with control system loop signal collecting unit, controlled system circuit signal gathering unit, relay status monitors display unit and is connected;
Described relay status monitoring display unit completes relay status monitoring and presents function, and it is connected with relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit.
Further, described control system loop signal collecting unit, both software simulating can be used by control system circuit signal gathering unit, relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit, relay status monitoring, display unit, also hardware implementing can be used, both can be integrated in a physical entity with relay and form intelligent relay, but also one or several combines one or several physical entity of formation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is relay principle schematic;
Fig. 2 is a kind of relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis device logical schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a kind of relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis device embodiment logical schematic;
Fig. 4 is another kind of relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis device embodiment logical schematic.
Embodiment
For electromagnetic relay in detail the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below.
Electromagnetic relay is primarily of compositions such as coil, iron core, armature, yoke, back-moving spring and two or more sets reeds.
The system circuit that controlled of electromagnetic induction relay has two kinds of methods of attachment.One is as shown in Figure 3, and be connected to the Chang Kaiduan binding post of relay by control system circuit, another kind is as shown in Figure 4, and be connected to the normal-closed end binding post of relay by control system circuit, the principle of work of two kinds of connections is just contrary.Electromagnetic relay utilizes electromagnetic induction principle to carry out work: add certain voltage at control system circuit coil two ends, just have electric current in coil to flow through, thus generation galvanomagnetic effect, the pulling force that armature just overcomes anti-spring under the effect of electromagnetic attracting force is inhaled to iron core, thus the moving contact of band moving armature and normally opened contact adhesive, thus relay is made to be controlled system circuit closed (Fig. 3 connected mode) or disconnect (Fig. 4 connected mode).When after coil blackout, the suction of electromagnetism also disappears thereupon, armature will return to original position under the reacting force of spring, makes moving contact and normally closed contact adhesive, thus makes relay be controlled system circuit disconnection (Fig. 3 connected mode) or closed (Fig. 4 connected mode).Such adhesive, release thus reach by the object of ON/OFF controlling system circuit.
" normally closed " " is often opened " for relay can distinguish like this; What be in off-state before relay coil is not energized is stationary contact, and be called " normally opened contact ", the stationary contact being in on-state is called " normally closed contact ".
As shown in 3,4 figure, the relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis device based on electromagnetic relay comprises: electromagnetic relay, control system loop signal collecting unit, by control system circuit signal gathering unit, relay load, relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit, relay status monitoring unit.Control system loop signal collecting unit, communicated with relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit with ICP/IP protocol or wireless network by Ethernet interface by control system circuit signal gathering unit, relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit is monitored with relay status by Ethernet interface or wireless network, display unit communicates.
Control system loop signal collecting unit utilizes curent change in the non-contact electromagnetic induction type current sensor detecting and controlling system loop be sleeved on control system return wire, utilizes the change in voltage between the connection terminal of non-contact electromagnetic induction type voltage sensor senses control system loop two; Control system loop signal collecting unit to convert the current signal detected and voltage signal after digital signal to through A/D change-over circuit and sends to relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit by Ethernet or wireless network and ICP/IP protocol.
Controlled system circuit signal gathering unit by being sleeved on by curent change in the non-contact electromagnetic induction type current sensor detecting and controlling system loop that controls on system circuit wire, by being sleeved on by the change in voltage between non-contact electromagnetic induction type voltage sensor senses control system loop two connection terminal that controls on system circuit wire.By control system circuit signal gathering unit the current signal detected and voltage signal converted to after digital signal through A/D change-over circuit and send to relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit by Ethernet or wireless network and ICP/IP protocol; Relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit receives control system loop and process to it parameter such as impedance, instantaneous power obtaining synchronization relay input end and output terminal after controlling the electric current that sends respectively of system circuit and voltage signal.It is described that to utilize electric current and voltage to ask for impedance, the isoparametric formula of instantaneous power and method identical with described method in general physics or circuitry textbook.
In order to the convenience described, now setting the relay control system loop voltage detected is Vi, and electric current is Ii, and impedance is Ri, is Ro by the impedance of control system circuit; Under closure state according to theory deduction and when surveying the relay work obtained, control system loop voltage is Vic, electric current is Iic, resistance is Ric, be Roc by control system circuit impedance, under relay off-state, control system loop voltage is Vib, control system loop current is Iib, and impedance is Rib, is Rob by control system circuit voltage impedance.
Below, the concrete steps of this relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis method are set forth:
1. choose control system loop and controlled the parameter such as electric current, voltage, impedance of system circuit as the signal characteristic diagnosed relay status;
2. utilize SVM algorithm of support vector machine to carry out process to existing relay status sample and obtain relay status sorter.Sorter and the border of acquisition are as follows:
(1) conducting normal condition: if Vi>Vc and Vi<1.5Vic and 0.8Ric<Ri<1.2Ric, control system loop state is normal, if at this moment Ro<2Roc, then relay work is diagnosed to be in conducting normal condition;
(2) the control system loop fault that causes of coil short: if resistance Ri<0.5Ric between relay control system loop, then diagnose relay control system loop to there is fault, reason may be the coil short because the breakage of control system circuit coil enameled wire causes;
(3) the control system loop fault hidden danger that causes of coil short: if resistance 0.5Rsc<Ri<0.8Ric between relay control system loop, then diagnose relay control system loop to there is potential faults, hidden danger reason may be the coil short because the breakage of control system circuit coil enameled wire causes;
(4) control system loop contacts bad fault: if resistance 1.5Ric<Ri<2Ric between relay control system loop, then diagnose relay fault, fault, hidden danger reason may be that the control system loop caused due to solder joint rosin joint, extension line or enameled wire fracture etc. contacts bad;
(5) the bad or open circuit fault of control system loop contact: if resistance Ri>2Ric between relay control system loop, then diagnose relay fault, failure cause may be the bad or open circuit fault of control system loop contact because solder joint rosin joint, extension line or enameled wire fracture etc. cause;
(6) fifth wheel, contamination, reed fracture and gap adjustment improper etc. cause by control system circuit potential faults: if 0.5Vsc<Vi<1.5Vic and 0.8Ric<Ri<1.5Ric, control system loop state is normal, if at this moment 2Roc<Ro<10Roc, then diagnose relay to be controlled system circuit potential faults, hidden danger reason may be that fifth wheel, contamination, reed fracture and gap adjustment are improper etc.;
(7) powered up by control system circuit and contact bad or not adhesive fault rear normal battles: if 0.5Vsc<Vi<1.5Vic and 0.8Ric<Ri<1.5Ric, control system loop state is normal, if at this moment Ro>10Roc, then diagnose relay to be controlled system circuit fault, failure cause may be that contact is stain or after ablation, contact diminishes, coating damages and contact bad or not adhesive rear normal battles that power up that oxidation etc. causes;
(8) often made war by control system after the power-off that causes such as contact adhesion, fifth wheel clamping stagnation, reed displacement and do not discharge fault: if Vi<Vb and Ii<Ib, judge that relay control system sends cut-off signal, if at this moment relay is controlled impedance Ro<0.5Rob between system circuit, then diagnose relay operating condition failures, failure cause may be contact adhesion, after power-off that fifth wheel clamping stagnation, reed displacement etc. cause normal battle do not discharge;
(9) normal condition is disconnected: if Vi<Vb and Ii<Ib, judge that relay control system sends cut-off signal, if at this moment relay is controlled impedance Ro>0.5Rob between system circuit, then relay work is diagnosed to be in normal condition;
3. utilize Hall current sensor and non-contact voltage transducer acquisition control system loop current, voltage and impedance signal and controlled system impedance signal;
4. pair control system loop detected and analyzed by control system circuit signal, process and extract signal characteristic and the sorter utilizing these characteristic sum to utilize step 1 to obtain is classified to relay status; The process of classification is exactly compare the relay current signal characteristics extracted and 2 sorters obtained, and the scope which classification is eigenwert fall just is judged to be which kind of state belongs to;
5. state analysis and diagnostic result and maintenance, maintenance suggestion etc. are presented to related personnel.After relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit obtains relay status result, state outcome and treatment advice are sent to relay status monitoring, display unit.Relay status monitoring, display unit store state outcome and in modes such as sound, text, image, chart, videos, result and treatment advice are presented to related personnel.
Claims (3)
1., for a device for relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis, it is characterized in that comprising: for complete relay control system loop signal acquisition function control system loop signal collecting unit, for complete relay by control system circuit signals collecting function by control system circuit signal gathering unit, for complete relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis function relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit, for completing relay status monitoring and presenting the relay status monitoring display unit of function;
Described control system loop signal collecting unit completes collection and the transmission of control system loop electric signal, it is connected with relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit, to be directly connected with control system loop or to obtain control system loop signal with the non-contacting way of electromagnetic induction in control system loop;
The described system circuit signal gathering unit that controlled completes by the collection of control system circuit signal and transmission, it is connected with relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit, with controlled system circuit and be directly connected or obtained controlled system circuit signal to control the non-contacting way of electromagnetic induction of system circuit;
Described relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit completes control system loop signal and is controlled the process of system circuit signal, relay status is analyzed and diagnostic function, complete the transmission of relay status, failure cause and treatment advice information, its with control system loop signal collecting unit, controlled system circuit signal gathering unit and relay status and monitor display unit and be connected;
Described relay status monitoring display unit completes relay status monitoring and presents function, and it is connected with relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit.
2. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described control system loop signal collecting unit, both can be used software simulating by each unit controlled in system circuit signal gathering unit, relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit and relay status monitoring display unit, also can use hardware implementing.
3. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described control system loop signal collecting unit, both can be integrated in a physical entity with relay by control system circuit signal gathering unit, relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit and relay status monitoring display unit and to have formed intelligent relay, also a unit or several unit combination can form one or several physical entity together.
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