CN105067997B - A kind of switchgear spring operating mechanism method for diagnosing faults - Google Patents
A kind of switchgear spring operating mechanism method for diagnosing faults Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of switchgear spring operating mechanism method for diagnosing faults, sensing electric current of the spring operating mechanism during the motion in electromagnet is acquired first；Then coil charges time, iron core run duration and the current characteristic number at the coil charging complete moment are obtained according to collected sensing electric current；The parameter finally actually obtained parameter corresponding with what it is under normal circumstances is compared, and carries out the fault diagnosis of breaker spring operating mechanism.Not only process is simple for this method, the sensing electric current of electromagnet, which need to only be acquired, can carry out the diagnosis of failure, moreover, the basis for estimation of this method is the coil-induced electric current for having between spring operating mechanism close association, institute can accurately and effectively diagnose circuit breaker failure in this way.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of switchgear spring operating mechanism method for diagnosing faults, belong to switchgear fault diagnosis skill
Art field.
Background technology
All made many researchs to the on-line monitoring of spring operating mechanism and mechanical fault diagnosis this subject both at home and abroad, one
The R＆D institutions such as a little institution of higher learning and switchgear producer spring operating mechanism mechanical property is monitored and fault diagnosis in terms of into
Beneficial exploration is gone.Most of explorations and research are also all only limitted in theory analysis level at present, only single realization pair
The monitoring that electric current changes in spring mechanism motion process is sensed in electromagnet, but does not develop more reliable spring actuating
Mechanism Mechanical Failure Analysis and diagnostic method also fail to develop the Mechanical Failure Analysis diagnostic instrments or device for stablizing practicality.
Mode is substantially in spring used by available electromagnet sensing electric current on-line monitoring product on the market at present
Carry small electric current sensor passes through small electric current sensor measuring coil come what is realized on operating mechanism electromagnet induction coil circuit
In faradic variation alternatively characterize the motion feature of current spring operating mechanism.Only pass through size of current or electricity
The mode of rheology rate is only capable of realizing the monitoring of certain failures, but in fact, there are many type of failure, existing method can not be complete
Portion detected, this may result in the malfunction or tripping of protection.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of switchgear spring operating mechanism method for diagnosing faults, to solve existing skill
The problem of all fault types can not be detected in art.
To achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention includes a kind of switchgear spring operating mechanism method for diagnosing faults,
The step of method for diagnosing faults is：
1), the acquisition spring operating mechanism sensing electric current in electromagnet during the motion；
2) several characteristic values, are obtained according to collected sensing electric current, the characteristic value includes：Coil charges time, iron
Core run duration and coil charges complete the current value at moment；
3), the characteristic value actually obtained is compared with the corresponding characteristic value of spring operating mechanism under normal circumstances
Compared with, and according to the characteristic value under known various malfunctions, judge the fault type of switchgear spring operating mechanism.
The step 3) is specially：If the coil charges time actually obtained is than the coil charges time under normal circumstances
Iron core run duration that is long, actually obtaining is longer than iron core run duration under normal circumstances and the coil charges that actually obtain are complete
Into the current value ratio coil charges under normal circumstances at moment, to complete the current value at moment big, then switchgear spring operating mechanism
Failure be：Electromagnet core bite.
The iron core that if the coil charges time actually obtained is longer than the coil charges time under normal circumstances, actually obtains
The coil charges that run duration is equal to iron core run duration under normal circumstances and actually obtains complete the current value ratio at moment just
The current value at the coil charges completion moment in the case of often is big, then illustrates that resistance when iron core starts increases.
The step 3) is specially：If the coil charges time actually obtained is than the coil charges time under normal circumstances
Iron core run duration that is short, actually obtaining is shorter than iron core run duration under normal circumstances and the coil charges that actually obtain are complete
Into the current value ratio coil charges under normal circumstances at moment, to complete the current value at moment small, then switchgear spring operating mechanism
Failure be：Switchgear electromagnet core does not reset.
The characteristic value further includes the current value that the moment is completed in contact collision, and the step 3) is specially：If practical
To the coil charges time is shorter than the coil charges time under normal circumstances, the iron core run duration that actually obtains compares normal condition
Under iron core run duration is short, current value that the coil charges that actually obtain complete the moment is beyond coil charges under normal circumstances
The contact collision completed first setting value of current value at moment and actually obtained completes the current value at moment beyond under normal circumstances
Contact collision complete the moment the second setting value of current value when, then the failure of switchgear spring operating mechanism is：Electromagnet
Coil turn-to-turn short circuit.
First setting value and the second setting value are equal.
First setting value and the second setting value are 9%.
Due to have between sensing electric current and the spring operating mechanism in the electromagnet in switchgear it is close be associated with, institute
The diagnosis of corresponding failure can be carried out with the sensing electric current by acquisition.In the method for the present invention, induced electricity stream is carried out
Characteristics extraction, the characteristic value of extraction include at least coil charges time, iron core run duration and coil charges and complete the moment
The characteristic value of extraction is compared by current value, and with reference under the various malfunctions obtained by lot of experiments analysis
Character pair value situation, the failure that spring operating mechanism can be carried out by comparing result chops off.The present invention is according to electromagnet
Kinetic characteristic theoretical research, and key parameters are extracted with reference to actual conditions, to expection issuable result into
Row anticipation and analysis, when variation relation judgement switchgear mechanical breakdown and mechanical breakdown according to key parameters not yet occur
Latent defect identification.
The method for diagnosing faults is not only applicable to breaker, can also be applied to other switches for being equipped with spring operating mechanism
Equipment, it is portable very high, it is widely used；High certainty of measurement, and the danger such as high voltage, strong electromagnetic, inflammable and explosive can be avoided
Dangerous environment has many advantages, such as safe coefficient is high, easy to operate to the safety problem of operating personnel.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of current transformer；
Fig. 2 is the functional block diagram of Signal sampling and processing terminal；
Fig. 3 is the work flow diagram of the software program in host computer；
Current waveform figure one when Fig. 4 is the fault diagnosis in embodiment 1；
Current waveform figure two when Fig. 5 is the fault diagnosis in embodiment 1；
Current waveform figure when Fig. 6 is the fault diagnosis in embodiment 2.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1
Breaker Common Mechanical Failure type includes in switchgear：Jump, tripping etc., from the position that mechanical breakdown occurs
From the point of view of, for using the breaker of spring operating mechanism, cause the main portions of mechanical breakdown to have：Mechanism driving part is threaded off
Device electromagnet dependent failure.
Switchgear in breaker is typically all using electromagnet as first order control element, when passing through electric current in coil
When, magnetic flux is generated in electromagnet, iron core is attracted by electromagnetic force, makes switch separating brake or combined floodgate.The current waveform packet of coil
Contain many information, reflect electromagnet in itself and the lock bolt or valve and locking contact that are controlled in operation
Working condition.So by being carried out to generating faradic characteristic parameter in electromagnet in spring operating mechanism motion process
Analysis and judgement, can identify whether breaker occurs mechanical breakdown, and pass through to sensing electric current characteristic parameter variation tendency
Analysis, effectively judges the latent defect of breaker body, plays timely early warning, avoid the generation of mechanical breakdown.
Sensing electric current in electromagnet is acquired by current transformer shown in FIG. 1, which includes secondary line
Circle 1 and Hall element 2, Ix are the electric current flowed through in electromagnet, are exported by the mutual inductor of the rated transformation ratio inside mutual inductor
Electric current Im, Im are the sensing electric current acquired.
As shown in Fig. 2, for a kind of acquisition of current information and the structure chart of processing terminal, certainly, the information in the present invention is adopted
Collection and processing unit are not limited to the structure, can also use information collection and the processing unit of other forms.In view of the reality
Example is applied using structure shown in Fig. 2 as specific embodiment, thus the terminal include Signal-regulated kinase, Isolation Amplifier Module,
AD7606, STM32 and power module, filtering, conversion of the collected current signal of current transformer by Signal-regulated kinase
The effects that become voltage signal, then this voltage signal is amplified to the electricity needed for AD7606 ports by Isolation Amplifier Module
Voltage signal is converted into digital signal and is input in STM32 microprocessors by pressure, AD7606 (ADC) modules.Utilize STM32's
Counter realizes the step-by-step counting of encoder, and then measures switch contact stroke.STM32 is by the current data measured and stroke
Data are transmitted to host computer by RS-422 interfaces again into after crossing processing.Power module provides operating voltage for other modules.
Host computer using software program come to transmit come data analyze and process, and make corresponding fault diagnosis point
Analysis.
Analysis on Fault Diagnosis software program in host computer mainly includes acquisition, data file management, the record of real time data
Wave processing and display, communication data processing task and pair when five function modules of task, specific workflow is as shown in Figure 3.Machine
Real-time collected data waveform is mainly analyzed and is handled, and preserve original by structure Mechanical Failure Analysis diagnosing software system
Beginning data.For each collected data waveform file, software all can be parsed comprehensively, and with equipment under normal condition
Collected curve carry out the comparisons of all characteristic parameters, and permutation and combination is carried out according to the value of different characteristic parameters, look for
Go out all situations that may be present, carrying out analysis one by one for each case finds out exception or mechanical breakdown that may be present,
And automatically identified and judgeed by software systems, corresponding result is exported, provides the user with aid decision.
In the present embodiment, parameter/characteristic value of use is coil charges time tc, iron core run duration td and coil charges
The current characteristic number Ic at moment is completed, is exemplified below.
Host computer by transmit come current information handled：The coil charges time is obtained according to sensing current information
Tc ', iron core run duration td ' and coil charges complete the current characteristic number Ic ' at moment, as shown in figure 4, two songs in Fig. 4
Faradic waveform and waveform under normal circumstances when line is respectively actually detected, wherein, tc ', td ' and Ic ' they are practical
The parameter of (i.e. unusual waveforms) in detection waveform, tc, td and Ic are the parameters of waveform under normal circumstances.Tc ' and tc is not peak
Be worth the moment, be iron core gravity be equal to electromagnet suction at the time of, under normal circumstances, the moment should first peak value it
Before.
(equally for following Fig. 5 and Fig. 6) in Fig. 4,0 to the first wave crest section represents：Coil current is gradually increased by 0
Greatly, the electric current in coil is risen with exponential curve, but iron core is insufficient to allow to move, and since iron core does not move, the inductance of coil is not
Become；First wave crest is represented to first trough (i.e. td or td ' moment)：The suction of iron core is more than reaction force (such as iron core weight
Power is added in spring force on iron core etc.), iron core setting in motion was completed to thread off at the td moment；First trough (i.e. td or during td '
Carve) it is represented to second wave crest section：Since iron core moves to certain position, inductance is changed, sometime, electric current reaches
Peak value, peak point current are approximately equal to voltage and resistance ratio；Second wave crest is represented to 0 section：Auxiliary contacts of circuit breaker cutting line
At the time of enclosing circuit, electric arc is generated when auxiliary switch contact detaches and is elongated, arc voltage quickly increases, and forces electric current fast
Speed reduces, until extinguishing.
Under normal circumstances, during iron core bite, since frictional force increase causes counter-force to rise, the electromagnetic force of incipient point rises.
The electric current that electromagnetic force rising then needs rises, while coil charging time tc ' increases, i.e. coil charges time tc ' and positive reason
Coil charges time tc under condition is compared and to be grown.In addition, since the frictional force of iron core movement increases, adding in iron core motion process
Speed declines, and iron core run duration td ' increases, i.e. iron core run duration td ' and iron core run duration td phases under normal circumstances
Than long.
In addition, iron core is when resetting, since core portion is inserted into coil, so the initial inductance of coil becomes larger, with
Time constant will increase.Moreover, iron core does not reset the air gap that can also shorten iron core movement, after coil is powered, electromagnetic force rises
Speed is accelerated, this startup time that will accelerate iron core, i.e. coil charges time tc ' reduce, i.e. coil charges time tc ' with it is normal
In the case of coil charges time tc ' compared to short, as shown in Figure 6.Moreover, because movement clearance is reduced, iron core actuation time
Td ' is also decreased, i.e. iron core run duration td ' is short compared with iron core run duration td under normal circumstances.
Faradic waveform and waveform under normal circumstances when two curves in Fig. 5 are respectively actually detected,
In, tc ', td ' and Ic ' they are the parameters of (i.e. unusual waveforms) in actually detected waveform, and tc, td and Ic are waveforms under normal circumstances
Parameter.
Corresponding characteristic value compares the characteristic value actually obtained under normal circumstances：If coil charges time tc ' with it is normal
In the case of coil charges time tc compared to grow, iron core run duration td ' and iron core run duration td phases under normal circumstances
Than the current value Ic ' that coil charges that are long and actually obtaining complete the moment moment is completed than coil charges under normal circumstances
Current value Ic it is big, according to the characteristic value under above-mentioned known electromagnet core jam faults state, then judge breaker spring
The failure of operating mechanism is：Electromagnet core bite.
If coil charges time tc ' will be grown, and Ic ' is more than compared with coil charges time tc under normal circumstances
Ic, but iron core run duration td ' illustrates not bite in iron core movement there is no increasing, and only it is resistance when iron core starts
Power increases.
In addition, if the coil charges time tc ' actually obtained will compared with coil charges time tc under normal circumstances
Iron core run duration td ' short, actually obtain will be short compared with iron core run duration td under normal circumstances and actually obtains
The current value Ic ' that coil charges complete the moment is smaller than the current value Ic at coil charges completion moment under normal circumstances, then judges
The failure of breaker spring operating mechanism is：Circuit breaker electric pole core does not reset.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment diagnoses breaker another kind failure, when carrying out the fault diagnosis, it is also necessary to obtain contact
The current value Iw at moment is completed in collision, specific as follows：
When coil turn-to-turn short circuit, since coil directly hinders decline, when operation voltage does not change, coil current will be whole
Increase.But when operating voltage raising, coil current can also rise overally, and since operation upper voltage limit is 240VDC, standard
Voltage waveform is 220VDC, so, curent change limited extent caused by voltage change.In order to distinguish both of these case, if
The iron core that the coil charges time tc ' that actually obtains is short compared with coil charges time tc under normal circumstances, actually obtains
The coil charges that run duration td ' is short compared with iron core run duration td under normal circumstances, actually obtains complete the moment
Current value Ic ' is beyond the contact collision that coil charges under normal circumstances complete the current value Ic 9% at moment and actually obtain
When completing the current value Iw ' at moment beyond the current value Iw 9% at contact collision completion moment under normal circumstances, then judge disconnected
The failure of road device spring operating mechanism is：Electromagnet coil turn-to-turn short circuit, as shown in Figure 6.
Namely actually detected current characteristic number beyond current characteristic number 9% under normal circumstances when, be determined as electromagnet
Coil turn-to-turn short circuit；When without departing from 9%, electromagnet coil is normal.
In the embodiment, the coil charges that actually obtain complete the current value at moment beyond under normal circumstances 9% and practical
Obtain contact collision complete the moment current value beyond under normal circumstances 9% when, be determined as electromagnet coil turn-to-turn short circuit；When
So, the setting value exceeded is not necessarily all 9%, it is also possible to which complete is not 9%, and as other embodiments, two setting values can be with
Other values are set as, such as, close to 9% other values.
It in Fig. 4,5 and 6, removes outside abnormal curve and normalized curve, gradually increased dotted line is the electricity in coil to current value
The Trendline risen with exponential curve is flowed, according to above-mentioned iron core motion process, by the row differential equation and is solved, it can be deduced that one
A relational expression：L is fixed value at this time.Electric current exponentially rises, the time in this stage and control
Supply voltage and coil resistance are related.
Specific embodiment is presented above, but the present invention is not limited to described embodiment.The base of the present invention
This thinking is：Several characteristic values are obtained according to collected sensing electric current, then according to the characteristic value and spring actually obtained
The comparison of the corresponding characteristic value of operating mechanism under normal circumstances judges the fault type of switchgear spring operating mechanism.
A variety of fault types are may determine that according to above-mentioned basic ideas, it is not limited to the fault type in above-mentioned two embodiment,
It can also judge other failures, no longer repeat here.In addition, there is no what is be described in detail to partly belong to this field in specification
The prior art well known to technical staff.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of switchgear spring operating mechanism method for diagnosing faults, which is characterized in that the step of the method for diagnosing faults
For：
1), the acquisition spring operating mechanism sensing electric current in electromagnet during the motion；
2) several characteristic values, are obtained according to collected sensing electric current, the characteristic value includes：Coil charges time, iron core fortune
Dynamic time and coil charges complete the current value at moment；
3), the characteristic value actually obtained is compared with the corresponding characteristic value of spring operating mechanism under normal circumstances, and
And according to the characteristic value under known various malfunctions, judge the fault type of switchgear spring operating mechanism；
The step 3) is specially：If the coil charges time actually obtained is longer than the coil charges time under normal circumstances,
The iron core run duration actually obtained is longer than iron core run duration under normal circumstances and when the coil charges that actually obtain are completed
The current value at the coil charges completion moment of the current value ratio at quarter under normal circumstances is big, then the event of switchgear spring operating mechanism
Hinder and be：Electromagnet core bite.
2. switchgear spring operating mechanism method for diagnosing faults according to claim 1, which is characterized in that if practical
The iron core run duration that the obtained coil charges time is longer than the coil charges time under normal circumstances, actually obtains is equal to normal
In the case of iron core run duration and the coil charges that actually obtain complete the coil of the current value ratio at moment under normal circumstances and fill
The current value that electricity completes the moment is big, then illustrates that resistance when iron core starts increases.
3. switchgear spring operating mechanism method for diagnosing faults according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
3) it is specially：The iron that if the coil charges time actually obtained is shorter than the coil charges time under normal circumstances, actually obtains
Core run duration is shorter than iron core run duration under normal circumstances and the coil charges that actually obtain complete the current value ratio at moment
The current value that coil charges under normal circumstances complete the moment is small, then the failure of switchgear spring operating mechanism is：Switch is set
Standby electromagnet core does not reset.
4. switchgear spring operating mechanism method for diagnosing faults according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the feature
Value further includes the current value that the moment is completed in contact collision, and the step 3) is specially：If the coil charges time actually obtained
, the iron core run duration that actually obtains shorter than the coil charges time under normal circumstances is than iron core run duration under normal circumstances
The current value that coil charges that are short, actually obtaining complete the moment completes the current value at moment beyond coil charges under normal circumstances
When the contact collision that the current value that the moment is completed in first setting value and the contact collision actually obtained exceeds under normal circumstances is completed
During second setting value of current value at quarter, then the failure of switchgear spring operating mechanism is：Electromagnet coil turn-to-turn short circuit.
5. switchgear spring operating mechanism method for diagnosing faults according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described first
Setting value and the second setting value are equal.
6. switchgear spring operating mechanism method for diagnosing faults according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described first
Setting value completes the 9% of the current value at moment for coil charges under normal circumstances, and second setting value is under normal circumstances
Contact collision complete the moment current value 9%.
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| CN107490761A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-12-19 | 浙江方圆电气设备检测有限公司 | The detection method and system of a kind of circuit breaker operation mechanism |
| CN109708855A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2019-05-03 | 平高集团有限公司 | A kind of high voltage isolator division state monitoring method and device |
| CN112684329A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-20 | 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 | Intelligent diagnosis method for mechanical fault of high-voltage circuit breaker |
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