CN103438916B - Based on the optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment of saturable absorption optical fiber - Google Patents
Based on the optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment of saturable absorption optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment based on saturable absorption optical fiber, comprise pumping source, ring cavity that gain fibre, saturable absorption optical fiber, circulator, fiber grating to be measured are formed or linear cavity fiber laser, and for measuring the Photodetection system of laser repetition rate; Calculate the wavelength variations of fiber grating to be measured by the repetition frequency measuring laser, achieve Wavelength demodulation; Present invention, avoiding the use of spectral analysis apparatus, reduce Wavelength demodulation cost, achieve the all-fiber of demodulating system simultaneously, make demodulating system volume little, be easy to safeguard, easy to use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment, particularly relate to a kind of novel fiber grating demodulation method based on saturable absorption optical fiber and device.
Background technology
Optical fiber grating sensing can realize the measurement to multiple physical quantity, has compact conformation simultaneously, is easy to safeguard and not by advantages such as electromagnetic interference (EMI), obtain engineer applied widely.
The Wavelength demodulation of fiber grating is one of gordian technique in optical fiber grating sensing application.Demodulation method conventional at present has Wavelength Scanning Method, F-P cavity filter method and the dispersion demodulation method etc. based on body grating.
Wavelength Scanning Method adopts Wavelength tunable laser as light source.In length scanning process, when wavelength is consistent with fiber bragg grating center wavelength to be demodulated, fiber grating reflected light is the strongest, obtains the wavelength information of fiber grating thus.The method signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is high, but Wavelength tunable laser cost is higher.
F-P cavity filter method adopts wideband light source.The light of fiber grating pair specific wavelength produces reflection, and F-P cavity changes in the driving cavity of resorption length of piezoelectric ceramics, and its transmission peak wavelength is also changed.When F-P cavity transmission peak wavelength is consistent with fiber grating reflection wavelength, F-P cavity transmitted light intensity is maximum, obtains the wavelength information of fiber grating thus.The method demodulation speed is high, and response is fast, but signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is poor, and cost is higher.
At patent portable fiber-optic grating wavelength (FBG) demodulator (application number 201220387720.4) with based in the fiber grating demodulation device (application number 201210085512.3) of area array CCD, author is proposed and uses body grating that wideband light source is spatially carried out dispersion expansion, then by detector, the light launching rear diverse location is detected, thus obtain the intensity of the light signal of different wave length.The similar small-sized spectrometer of its effect.But owing to needing to use a large amount of crystal optics in the demodulating equipment of the type, make its complex structure, cost is higher, and cannot use in vibration environment.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of Wavelength demodulation method for single fiber grating and device, does not need to use spectral analysis apparatus, can realize the Real-time demodulation to optic fiber grating wavelength.
Basic ideas of the present invention utilize the pulse repetition information realization of laser instrument to the Wavelength demodulation of fiber grating.Because thulium doped fiber or Tm Ho co doped fiber have stronger absorption near 1550nm, can as the tune Q of saturable absorption optical fiber realization to erbium doped fiber laser.In addition, in the scope from 1500nm to 1585nm, the absorption coefficient of thulium doped fiber and Tm Ho co doped fiber is all monotone increasing trend.Like this, when laser instrument vibrates at different wave length, the loss that saturable absorption optical fiber is introduced in chamber is all different, thus laser instrument output pulse repetition is also changed thereupon.Utilize the Wavelength demodulation that the corresponding relation between this pulse repetition and optical maser wavelength just can realize fiber grating.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
Based on the optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment of saturable absorption optical fiber, comprise pumping source, wavelength division multiplexer, gain fibre, isolator, saturable absorption optical fiber, output coupler, circulator, fiber grating to be measured and Photodetection system; Described wavelength division multiplexer, gain fibre, isolator, saturable absorption optical fiber, output coupler are connected by optical fiber splicer with circulator, form optical fiber loop; Described pumping source is connected on optical fiber loop by wavelength division multiplexer; Described fiber grating to be measured is connected on optical fiber loop by circulator; Input end and the output terminal of described circulator are connected in optical fiber loop respectively; The intermediate ends of described circulator connects with fiber grating to be measured; Described Photodetection system is connected on optical fiber loop by output coupler, for the measurement of light pulse repetition rate.
The above-mentioned optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment based on saturable absorption optical fiber, described pumping source is 980nm semiconductor laser, described wavelength division multiplexer is 980nm/1550nm wavelength division multiplexer, described gain fibre is single mode Er-doped fiber, the operation wavelength of described isolator is 1550nm, and described saturable absorption optical fiber is thulium doped fiber or Tm Ho co doped fiber.
The above-mentioned optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment based on saturable absorption optical fiber, the centre wavelength of described fiber grating to be measured is 1550nm, and three dB bandwidth is less than 0.3nm, and reflectivity is 30% ~ 100%.
The above-mentioned optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment based on saturable absorption optical fiber, described Photodetection system comprises photodiode, amplification treatment circuit, counting unit or oscillograph, pulsed optical signals is converted to electric signal by photodiode, amplify after process through amplification treatment circuit, adopt counting unit or oscillograph recording to export the repetition frequency of electric signal.
The above-mentioned optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment based on saturable absorption optical fiber, comprises pumping source, wavelength division multiplexer, gain fibre, saturable absorption optical fiber, fiber grating to be measured and the anti-coated optical fibre of height; The anti-coated optical fibre of described height, wavelength division multiplexer, gain fibre, saturable absorption optical fiber and fiber grating to be measured, by optical fiber splicer welding, form laserresonator; High anti-coated optical fibre is the single-mode fiber that reflection end is coated with highly reflecting films; Described pumping source is connected in laserresonator by wavelength division multiplexer; The output terminal of described Photodetection system and fiber grating to be measured is connected, for the measurement of light pulse repetition rate.
The above-mentioned optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment based on saturable absorption optical fiber, described pumping source is 980nm semiconductor laser, described wavelength division multiplexer is 980nm/1550nm wavelength division multiplexer, described gain fibre is single mode Er-doped fiber, and described saturable absorption optical fiber is thulium doped fiber or Tm Ho co doped fiber.
The above-mentioned optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment based on saturable absorption optical fiber, is characterized in that: the centre wavelength of described fiber grating to be measured is 1550nm, and three dB bandwidth is less than 0.3nm, and reflectivity is 10% ~ 90%.
The above-mentioned optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment based on saturable absorption optical fiber, described Photodetection system comprises photodiode, amplification treatment circuit, counting unit or oscillograph, pulsed optical signals is converted to electric signal by photodiode, amplify after process through amplification treatment circuit, adopt counting unit or oscillograph recording to export the repetition frequency of electric signal.
The above-mentioned optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment based on saturable absorption optical fiber, is characterized in that: the reflectivity of described reflecting cavity mirror is greater than 80%, and zone of reflections centre wavelength is 1550nm, and three dB bandwidth is greater than 80nm.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, demodulation method of the present invention is based on Q adjusting optical fiber laser, has high signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).
2, because Photodetection system has time response faster, therefore the present invention can realize seizure to fast signal and measurement, meets the measurement of Gao Zhongying signal.
3, present invention, avoiding the use of spectral analysis apparatus, reduce Wavelength demodulation cost, simultaneously easy to use.
4, present invention, avoiding the use of various non-fiber optic components, achieve the all-fiber of demodulating system, make demodulating system volume little, be easy to safeguard.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the novel fiber grating Wavelength demodulation apparatus structure principle schematic that the present invention is based on saturable absorption optical fiber, and pulse optical fiber is wherein ring cavity structure.
Fig. 2 is another linear cavity structure demodulating equipment structural principle schematic diagram simplified of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the typical corresponding relation of the wavelength that obtains of the verification system built based on Fig. 1 and repetition.
1-pumping source in figure; 2-wavelength division multiplexer; 3-gain fibre; 4-isolator; 5-saturable absorption optical fiber; 6-output coupler; 7-circulator; 7-a-circulator input end; 7-b-circulator intermediate ends; 7-c-circulator output terminal; 8-a, 8-b-testing fiber grating; 9-Photodetection system; 10-reflecting cavity mirror; 11-adjust Q erbium doped fiber laser.
Embodiment
According to ring cavity structure and linear cavity structure, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described respectively below.
Figure 1 shows that the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention under ring cavity structure.As shown in Figure 1, the novel fiber grating Wavelength demodulation device that the present invention is based on saturable absorption optical fiber 5 is made up of pumping source 1, wavelength division multiplexer 2, gain fibre 3, isolator 4, saturable absorption optical fiber 5, output coupler 6, circulator 7, testing fiber grating 8-a and Photodetection system 9 etc.
First, wavelength division multiplexer 2, gain fibre 3, isolator 4, saturable absorption optical fiber 5, output coupler 6 are connected by optical fiber splicer with circulator 7, form optical fiber loop; Described pumping source 1 is connected on optical fiber loop by wavelength division multiplexer 2, and fiber grating 8-a to be measured is connected on optical fiber loop by circulator 7; Optical fiber circulator 7 is a kind of three common end fiber optic passive devices, and from Fig. 1, arrow tail Wei input end 7-a, intermediate ends 7-b and output terminal 7-c to head part; Wherein the input end 7-a of circulator 7 and output terminal 7-c is connected in optical fiber loop respectively, and the intermediate ends 7-b of circulator 7 connects with fiber grating 8-a to be measured; Photodetection system 9 is connected on optical fiber loop by output coupler 6, for the measurement of light pulse repetition rate.
Such pumping source 1, wavelength division multiplexer 2, gain fibre 3, isolator 4, saturable absorption optical fiber 5, output coupler 6, circulator 7 and testing fiber grating 8-a form tune Q erbium doped fiber laser 11, and the oscillation wavelength of laser instrument is determined by testing fiber grating 8-a; Experiment shows that the reflectivity of fiber grating is greater than 30% vibration that can realize laser instrument and exports.
Adjust in Q erbium doped fiber laser 11, gain fibre 3 is for generation of laser signal; Saturable absorption optical fiber 5 is for carrying out pulsed modulation to laser signal.Under the pumping of pumping source 1, gain fibre 3 produces laser signal in laser resonant cavity.Ground state Doped ions in saturable absorption optical fiber 5 absorbs the laser signal that gain fibre 3 produces, and makes resonator cavity be in low reactance-resistance ratio state.Along with the continuous absorption to flashlight, saturable absorption optical fiber 5 reaches capacity gradually, also just declines, make resonator cavity be in high q-factor state to the receptivity of flashlight, exports so produce a laser pulse.Meanwhile, in saturable absorption optical fiber 5, the Doped ions of excited state decays to ground state by processes such as radiationless transitions, then restarts the absorption process to flashlight.Like this, the pulsed modulation to flashlight is just achieved.
In said apparatus, pumping source 1 is 980nm semiconductor laser, wavelength division multiplexer 2 is 980nm/1550nm wavelength division multiplexer, gain fibre 3 is single mode Er-doped fiber, and the operation wavelength of isolator 4 is 1550nm, and saturable absorption optical fiber 5 is thulium doped fiber or Tm Ho co doped fiber; Output coupler 6 operation wavelength is 1550nm, exports coupling ratio between 10% to 90%; Optical fiber circulator 7 operation wavelength is 1550nm, and from Fig. 1, arrow tail Wei input end (7-a), intermediate ends (7-b) and output terminal (7-c) to head part; The centre wavelength of fiber grating 8-a to be measured is 1550nm, and three dB bandwidth is less than 0.3nm; Photodetection system 9 comprises photodiode, amplification treatment circuit, counting unit or oscillograph, pulsed optical signals is converted to electric signal by photodiode, amplify after process through amplification treatment circuit, counting unit or oscillograph recording is adopted to export the repetition frequency of electric signal, and according to demarcating the corresponding relation between pulse repetition and optical maser wavelength obtained in advance, calculate the wavelength information of laser instrument.
Figure 2 shows that the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention under linear cavity structure, comprise pumping source 1, wavelength division multiplexer 2, gain fibre 3, saturable absorption optical fiber 5, fiber grating 8-b to be measured and reflecting cavity mirror 10; Described wavelength division multiplexer 2, gain fibre 3, saturable absorption optical fiber 5 and fiber grating 8-b to be measured, by optical fiber splicer welding, form the linear resonator cavity of laser; Reflecting cavity mirror can in common medium substrate or the catoptron that metallic substrates is coated with, also can direct plating on the end face of single-mode fiber; Described pumping source is connected in laserresonator by wavelength division multiplexer 2; Described Photodetection system 9 is connected, for the measurement of light pulse repetition rate with the output terminal of fiber grating 8-b to be measured.
Above-mentioned wherein most of device is identical with Fig. 1, repeats no more here, and just difference is that the laserresonator of Fig. 2 is made up of reflecting cavity mirror 10 testing fiber grating 8-b, and cavity resonator structure is linear cavity.The reflectivity of reflecting cavity mirror is greater than 80%, and zone of reflections centre wavelength is 1550nm, and three dB bandwidth is greater than 80nm.
Novel fiber grating Wavelength demodulation method based on saturable absorption optical fiber of the present invention needs to calibrate the corresponding relation under certain pump power between laser oscillation wavelength and pulse repetition before use.Fix the pump power of pumping source 1 in calibration, by the port of the fiber grating of different known wavelength access circulator 7, form the tune Q erbium doped fiber laser 11 of different oscillation wavelength.Then under different optical maser wavelength, utilize Photodetection system 9 to measure the repetition of laser pulse, obtain the corresponding relation between laser oscillation wavelength and pulse repetition.When carrying out Wavelength demodulation to testing fiber grating 8-a, 8-b, utilizing Photodetection system 9 to measure the repetition of laser pulse, the centre wavelength of this testing fiber grating 8-a, 8-b can be obtained.
Fig. 3 for the Wavelength demodulation system built based on Fig. 1 is calibrated obtained under certain particular pump power the experimental result of typical corresponding relation between laser oscillation wavelength and pulse repetition.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, such as, in linear cavity structure of the present invention, 1550nm laser pulse is also drawn by adding an output coupler 6 in resonator cavity, and the size of pulse signal strength also can be adjusted by the output coupling ratio changing output coupler 6.For the technical field of the invention, under the prerequisite of the present invention's design, some simple replacements and change can also be made.These all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. based on the optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment of saturable absorption optical fiber, it is characterized in that: comprise pumping source (1), wavelength division multiplexer (2), gain fibre (3), isolator (4), saturable absorption optical fiber (5), output coupler (6), circulator (7), fiber grating to be measured (8 ?a) and Photodetection system (9); Described gain fibre (3), isolator (4), saturable absorption optical fiber (5) and circulator (7) are connected by single-mode fiber, and form optical fiber loop; Described pumping source is connected on optical fiber loop by wavelength division multiplexer (2); Described fiber grating to be measured (8 ?a) be connected on optical fiber loop by circulator (7); The input end of described circulator (7) (7 ?a) and output terminal (7 ?c) be connected in optical fiber loop respectively; The intermediate ends of described circulator (7 ?b) with fiber grating to be measured (8 ?a) connect; Described saturable absorption optical fiber (5) monotone increasing in fiber grating demodulation wavelength coverage, make the laser instrument loss that saturable absorption optical fiber (5) is introduced in resonator cavity when different wave length vibrates different, laser instrument is caused to export the change of pulse repetition rate, described Photodetection system (9) is connected on optical fiber loop by output coupler (6), for the measurement of light pulse repetition rate, realize the Wavelength demodulation of fiber grating.
2. the optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment based on saturable absorption optical fiber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described pumping source (1) is 980nm semiconductor laser, described wavelength division multiplexer (2) is 980nm/1550nm wavelength division multiplexer, described gain fibre (3) is single mode Er-doped fiber, the operation wavelength of described isolator (4) is 1550nm, and described saturable absorption optical fiber (5) is thulium doped fiber or Tm Ho co doped fiber; Described output coupler (6) operation wavelength is 1550nm, exports coupling ratio between 10% to 90%; The operation wavelength of described optical fiber circulator (7) is 1550nm.
3. the optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment based on saturable absorption optical fiber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fiber grating to be measured (8 ?centre wavelength a) be 1550nm, three dB bandwidth is less than 0.3nm, and reflectivity is 30% ~ 100%.
4. the optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment based on saturable absorption optical fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Photodetection system (9) comprises photodiode, amplification treatment circuit and counting unit; Pulsed optical signals is converted to electric signal by photodiode, amplifies after process through amplification treatment circuit, adopts counting unit record to export the repetition frequency of electric signal.
5. based on the optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment of saturable absorption optical fiber, it is characterized in that: comprise pumping source (1), wavelength division multiplexer (2), gain fibre (3), saturable absorption optical fiber (5), fiber grating to be measured (8 ?b), Photodetection system (9) and reflecting cavity mirror (10); Described gain fibre (3) and saturable absorption optical fiber (5) are connected between reflecting cavity mirror (10) and fiber grating to be measured (8 ?b) by single-mode fiber, and form the linear resonator cavity of laser; Described pumping source (1) is connected in laserresonator by wavelength division multiplexer (2); Described saturable absorption optical fiber (5) monotone increasing in fiber grating demodulation wavelength coverage, make laser instrument when different wave length vibrates, the loss that saturable absorption optical fiber (5) is introduced in resonator cavity is different, laser instrument is caused to export the change of pulse repetition rate, described Photodetection system (9) and fiber grating to be measured (8 ?output terminal b) be connected, for the measurement of light pulse repetition rate, realize the Wavelength demodulation of fiber grating.
6. the optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment based on saturable absorption optical fiber according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described reflecting cavity mirror (10) direct plating is on the end face of single-mode fiber.
7. the optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment based on saturable absorption optical fiber according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described pumping source (1) is 980nm semiconductor laser, described wavelength division multiplexer (2) is 980nm/1550nm wavelength division multiplexer, described gain fibre (3) is single mode Er-doped fiber, and described saturable absorption optical fiber (5) is thulium doped fiber or Tm Ho co doped fiber.
8. the optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment based on saturable absorption optical fiber according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described fiber grating to be measured (8 ?centre wavelength b) be 1550nm, three dB bandwidth is less than 0.3nm, and reflectivity is 10% ~ 90%.
9. the optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment based on saturable absorption optical fiber according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described Photodetection system (9) comprises photodiode, amplification treatment circuit and counting unit, pulsed optical signals is converted to electric signal by photodiode, amplify after process through amplification treatment circuit, adopt counting unit record to export the repetition frequency of electric signal.
10. the optical fiber grating wavelength demodulating equipment based on saturable absorption optical fiber according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the reflectivity of described reflecting cavity mirror is greater than 80%, zone of reflections centre wavelength is 1550nm, and three dB bandwidth is greater than 80nm.
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| CN104677282A (en) * | 2015-03-08 | 2015-06-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Five-core fiber grating probe micro-scale measurement device and method based on optical fiber ring-shaped laser |
| CN105547336B (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2018-01-23 | 厦门大学 | Fiber grating sensing demodulation apparatus and method based on optoelectronic oscillation loop |
| CN107436158A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-12-05 | 天津求实飞博科技有限公司 | A kind of Demodulation System for Fiber Bragg |
| CN113080871B (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2022-09-16 | 北京航空航天大学 | Imaging system |
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