CN103438830A - Solar energy condenser detection apparatus and detection method thereof - Google Patents
Solar energy condenser detection apparatus and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103438830A CN103438830A CN2013104066376A CN201310406637A CN103438830A CN 103438830 A CN103438830 A CN 103438830A CN 2013104066376 A CN2013104066376 A CN 2013104066376A CN 201310406637 A CN201310406637 A CN 201310406637A CN 103438830 A CN103438830 A CN 103438830A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solar energy condenser detection apparatus. The apparatus comprises a solar energy condenser, a reference small reflector, a receiving screen and an image acquisition unit, wherein the solar energy condenser is installed on a support through a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are orthogonal, the first rotating shaft is parallel to a mirror surface, and the second rotating shaft is vertical to a horizontal plane; the reference small reflector is disposed on the axis of the second rotating shaft; the receiving screen is installed on the optical path of the solar energy condenser for receiving the light spots reflected by the solar energy condenser; and the image acquisition unit is formed by connecting a camera with a computer, and the lens of the camera is in alignment with the light spots on the receiving screen. Disclosed is also a solar energy condenser detection method by using the detection apparatus.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solar energy utilization, and relates to a solar condenser detection device.
The invention also relates to a method for detecting the solar condenser by using the detection device.
Background
In the field of solar energy utilization, large solar concentrators are required for efficient collection of solar radiation. The size of a daylight opening of a large solar collecting mirror is several meters to more than ten meters generally, a mirror surface adopts a steel frame supporting structure, a reflector is a silver-plated glass mirror generally, the overall surface shape is a curved surface and is formed by splicing dozens of small reflectors to hundreds of small reflectors, and the surface shape and the splicing angle error of the small reflectors determine the optical performance of the collecting mirror. The surface shape error of the condenser lens is represented by the deviation angle between the normal direction of a certain point on the lens surface and the ideal normal direction of the point, and the unit is mrad. According to the technical characteristics of the solar condenser, the surface shape precision of the condenser is much lower than that of the imaging system lens, so that the solar condenser cannot be detected by a method for detecting the surface shape precision of the imaging system lens, such as Newton's rings, Moire fringes and the like.
At present, methods for detecting the curvature accuracy of a single lens of a parabolic trough type solar condenser comprise a heat absorption tube reflection image detection method, a reflection grid moire fringe detection method and the like, and the methods can be used for detecting the surface shape error of small reflectors, but the splicing angle error between the small reflectors cannot be detected. The included angle between the two plane reflectors can be detected based on a laser beam deflection method, but the requirement on the precision of the shape of the reflector is high, the accumulated error is large, and the method is not suitable for detecting a large-scale solar condenser. In the prior art, the adjustment and detection of a large solar energy collecting mirror generally adopt a method of calibrating a light target, namely, a light spot of a small reflector is projected to the center of the light target at a certain moment by adjusting the inclination angle of the small reflector. The method can cause the actual surface shape of the condenser lens to be different from the designed surface shape, thereby influencing the optical performance of the condenser lens.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solar condenser detection device.
The invention further aims to provide a method for detecting the solar condenser by using the detection device.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a solar condenser inspection apparatus, comprising:
the solar condenser is arranged on the bracket through a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft is orthogonal to the second rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft is parallel to the mirror surface, and the second rotating shaft is vertical to the horizontal plane; a small reference reflector is positioned on the axis of the second rotating shaft;
the receiving screen is arranged on the light path of the solar condenser; receiving light spots reflected by the solar condenser;
and the image acquisition unit is formed by connecting a camera with a computer, and the lens of the camera is aligned to the light spot on the receiving screen.
In the solar condenser detection device, the light source of the solar condenser is the sun or an artificial light source capable of emitting similar sunlight, or a plane reflection device capable of tracking the sun and reflecting the sunlight to the mirror surface of the measured condenser.
In the solar condenser detection device, the receiving screen is a flat plate with a diffuse reflection material coated on the surface, or a flat plate with light transmittance (when the receiving screen is a flat plate with light transmittance, the camera is installed behind the receiving screen).
In the solar condenser detection device, the lens of the camera is an optical lens, the field angle is about 30 degrees, and the resolution is more than 50 lines/mm.
In the solar condenser detection device, an attenuation sheet is arranged in front of a lens of a camera.
In the solar condenser detection device, the camera is mounted on a tripod and is connected with a computer through a data line.
The invention provides a method for detecting a solar condenser by using the solar condenser detection device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: rotating the measured solar condenser to a horizontal position around the first rotating shaft, and selecting the position as a reference position;
step 2: a small reference reflector is arranged on the measured solar condenser, and the vertex or the geometric center point of the small reference reflector is positioned on the axis of the second rotating shaft;
and step 3: adjusting the vertex tangent plane of the small reference reflector to be parallel to the plane;
and 4, step 4: selecting a plurality of small reflectors on the tested solar condenser as detection targets;
and 5: controlling the tested solar condenser to track the light source, and reflecting the light source to the receiving screen to generate a first light spot of the tested small reflector and a second light spot of the reference small reflector;
step 6: shooting a first light spot and a second light spot on a receiving screen through a camera, and transmitting the collected light spot information to a computer;
and 7: the computer carries out image processing on the received light spot information, determines the relative position between the first light spot and the second light spot, and compares the relative position with the ideal light spot position to obtain the angle inclination error of the measured small reflector;
the angle inclination error is a ratio of position deviation to focal length, wherein the position deviation is the position deviation between the first light spot and the ideal light spot, and the focal length is the focal length of the measured solar condenser.
In the solar condenser detection method, step 7 is followed by step 8: and comparing the shape of the first light spot with the shape of the ideal light spot obtained by theoretical calculation, and evaluating the surface shape quality of the small reflector to be measured according to the comparison result.
In the solar condenser detection method, step 4 further includes: the small mirror adjacent to the small mirror to be measured is covered with a light-impermeable cloth.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the detection device can realize the surface shape detection of the large solar energy collecting lens, has higher detection precision and higher detection speed, is easy to operate, and is beneficial to improving the optical performance and the assembly and adjustment efficiency of the collecting lens.
2. The detection device can detect and adjust the solar condenser after being hoisted, and avoids mirror surface deformation caused by hoisting after ground detection.
3. The detection device of the invention can detect the solar condenser with any splicing surface shape,
the application range is wide.
4. The detection device can be used for detecting the surface shapes of all the condensing lenses in the solar energy condensing field, so that the detection device is simplified, and the detection cost is reduced.
5. The detection device can simultaneously evaluate the surface shape quality of the sub-mirror.
6. The invention adopts a non-contact measuring method, and does not damage the mirror surface.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solar concentrator inspection device of the present invention in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the adjustment of a reference small mirror;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar concentrator inspection device of the present invention in another embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar condenser detection apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings, the main reference symbols indicate:
the solar light source comprises a sun 1, a solar condenser 2, a receiving screen 3, an image acquisition unit 4, a camera 5, a tripod 6, a data line 7, a computer 8, a small reference reflector 9, a small measured reflector 10, a first light spot 11, a second light spot 12, a small adjacent reflector 13, a first rotating shaft 14, a second rotating shaft 15, a solar simulator 16 and a plane reflection device 17.
Detailed Description
The solar condenser detection device provided by the invention is used for detecting a solar condenser 2 adopting an azimuth pitching tracking mode, wherein the solar condenser 2 comprises a first rotating shaft 14 and a second rotating shaft 15; the first rotating shaft 14 is orthogonal to the second rotating shaft 15, the first rotating shaft 14 is parallel to the mirror surface, and the second rotating shaft 15 is vertical to the horizontal plane; the detection device includes: the system comprises a light source, a receiving screen 3 and an image acquisition and processing unit 4; the image acquisition unit 4 comprises a camera 5, a tripod 6, a data line 7 and a computer 8; the camera 5 is mounted on the tripod 6 and is connected with a computer 8 through a data line 7; wherein,
the light emitted by the light source is reflected by the condenser lens 2 to be measured and then is projected to the receiving screen 3 near the condenser lens 2 to be measured, and light spots are formed on the receiving screen 3; the camera 5 shoots light spots on the receiving screen 3, information of the light spots is transmitted to the computer 8 through the data line 7, and the computer 8 compares the light spots formed by actual projection of light with ideal projected light spots obtained by theoretical calculation to detect the surface shape quality of the condensing lens.
In the above technical solution, the light source is the sun 1, or an artificial light source capable of emitting similar sunlight, or a plane reflection device 17 capable of tracking the sun and reflecting the sunlight to the mirror surface of the measured condenser lens.
In the above technical solution, the receiving screen 3 is implemented by a flat plate coated with a diffuse reflection material, or by a flat plate having a certain light transmittance.
In the above technical solution, the lens of the camera 5 is a common optical lens, the field angle is about 30 °, and the resolution is greater than 50 lines/mm.
In the above technical solution, an attenuation sheet is further installed in front of the lens of the camera 5.
The invention provides a method for detecting a solar condenser by adopting the solar condenser detection device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: rotating the measured solar condenser 2 to a horizontal position around the first rotating shaft 14, and selecting the position as a reference position;
step 2: a small reference reflector 9 is arranged on the measured solar condenser 2, so that the vertex or the geometric center of the small reference reflector 9 is positioned on the axis of the second rotating shaft 15;
and step 3: adjusting the small reference reflector 9 to make the vertex tangent plane of the small reference reflector 9 parallel to the plane;
and 4, step 4: selecting a plurality of small reflectors on the tested solar condenser 2 as detection targets;
and 5: controlling the tested solar condenser 2 to track a light source, and generating a first light spot 11 of the tested small reflector 10 and a second light spot 12 of the reference small reflector 9 on the receiving screen 3;
step 6: shooting a first light spot 11 and a second light spot 12 on the receiving screen 3 through the camera 5 in a short time, and transmitting light spot information collected in the camera 5 to the computer 8 through the data line 7; the short time refers to the time period within which the change of the orientation of the light source can be ignored;
and 7: the computer 8 performs image processing on the received light spot information, determines the relative position between a first light spot 11 generated by the reflection of the measured small reflector 10 and a second light spot 12 generated by the reflection of the reference small reflector 9, and compares the relative position with the ideal light spot position to obtain the angle inclination error of the measured small reflector 10;
the angle inclination error is a ratio between a position deviation and a focal length, wherein the position deviation is a position deviation between the first light spot 11 and an ideal light spot, and the focal length is a focal length of the measured solar condenser lens 2.
In the above technical solution, further comprising:
and 8: comparing the shape of the first light spot 11 generated by the reflection of the small reflector 10 to be measured with the shape of the ideal projection light spot, and evaluating the surface shape quality of the small reflector 10 according to the comparison result.
In the above technical solution, step 4 further includes: the adjacent small mirrors of the small mirrors selected as the detection target are shielded by a light-impermeable cloth.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The detection device is used for detecting the surface shape and the splicing angle of the solar condenser. For ease of understanding, before describing the detection apparatus of the present invention, the structure of the solar condenser will be described.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the measured solar energy condenser 2 is formed by splicing small multi-surface reflectors, and the solar energy condenser 2 adopts an azimuth pitch tracking mode, that is, the solar energy condenser 2 has two rotating shafts thereon: a first rotating shaft 14 and a second rotating shaft 15. The first rotating shaft 14 is orthogonal to the second rotating shaft 15, the first rotating shaft 14 is parallel to the mirror surface, and the second rotating shaft 15 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The condenser lens 2 can rotate around the two rotating shafts to track the light source and reflect the light emitted by the light source to a certain fixed direction.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar condenser detection device in an embodiment of the present invention, the device includes a light source, a receiving screen 3 and an image acquisition and processing unit 4; wherein, the image acquisition unit 4 comprises a camera 5, a tripod 6, a data line 7 and a computer 8; the camera 5 is mounted on a tripod 6 and is connected with a computer 8 through a data line 7; light emitted by the light source is reflected by the measured condenser lens 2 and then is projected onto the receiving screen 3 near the measured condenser lens 2, and light spots are formed on the receiving screen 3; the camera 5 shoots light spots on the receiving screen 3, information of the light spots is transmitted to the computer 8 through the data line 7, and the computer 8 compares the light spots formed by actual projection of light with ideal projected light spots obtained by theoretical calculation to detect the surface shape quality of the condensing lens.
The following describes each component of the solar condenser inspection apparatus in detail.
In this embodiment the light source is the sun 1, in another embodiment as shown in fig. 3, the light source may also be an artificial light source capable of emitting similar sunlight, such as a solar simulator 16. In yet another embodiment shown in fig. 4, the light source may also be a planar reflecting device 17 capable of tracking the sun and reflecting sunlight to the surface of the condensing lens being measured.
The receiving screen 3 is used for receiving the light spots reflected by the measured condenser lens 2, in this embodiment, the receiving screen 3 is implemented by a flat plate coated with a diffuse reflection material, and in other embodiments, the receiving screen can also be implemented by a flat plate with a certain light transmittance. The size of the receiving screen 3 is related to the size of the measured condenser lens 2, if the area of the measured condenser lens 2 is larger, the area of the receiving screen 3 is larger, otherwise, the area of the receiving screen 3 is smaller. The position and the inclination angle of the receiving screen 3 are both adjustable.
The camera 5 is located receive the place ahead or the rear of screen 3 (when receiving screen 3 and adopting the diffuse reflection material to make, camera 5 is in the place ahead of receiving screen 3, when receiving screen 3 and adopting certain luminousness material to make, camera 5 is in the rear of receiving screen 3), and its accessible tripod 6 carries out the adjustment of position and angle. The lens of the camera 5 adopts a common optical lens, the field angle is about 30 degrees, the resolution ratio is more than 50 lines/mm, and the image acquisition card of the camera 5 adopts an area array CCD detector with the pixel size less than 20 mu m. As a preferred implementation, an attenuator may be mounted in front of the lens of the camera 5 to obtain a sharp speckle image.
And the computer 8 calculates the angle inclination error of the small reflector 10 in the condenser to be measured and evaluates the surface shape quality of the sub-mirrors according to the imaging information of the light spots, provides the inclination angle value of the small reflector 10 to be measured, and guides the adjustment work of the condenser 2 to be measured in real time to ensure that the surface shape of the condenser 2 to be measured is consistent with the design value.
The above is a description of the solar condenser inspection apparatus of the present invention, and the inspection method of the present invention is described below based on the apparatus disclosed in the embodiment shown in fig. 1.
The detection method comprises two major stages, namely a reference debugging stage and a detection stage.
First, reference debugging stage. This phase comprises the following steps:
step 101: rotating the measured solar condenser 2 to a horizontal position around the first rotating shaft 14, and selecting the position as a reference position;
step 102: a small reference reflector 9 is arranged on the measured solar condenser 2, and the vertex (or the geometric center point) of the small reference reflector 9 is positioned on the axis of the second rotating shaft 15 as much as possible;
step 103: and adjusting the small reference reflector 9 to enable the vertex tangent plane of the small reference reflector 9 to be parallel to the plane, so that the small reference reflector 9 is adjusted.
And II, a detection stage. This phase comprises the following steps:
step 201: and selecting a plurality of small reflectors on the solar condenser 2 to be detected as detection targets.
In order to avoid the superposition of the light spots of the measured small reflector and the reference small reflector 9 on the receiving screen 3, the small reflector which is not adjacent to the reference small reflector 9, such as the measured small reflector 10 shown in fig. 1, should be selected as much as possible for detection, and the other small reflectors adjacent to the measured small reflector are covered by the opaque cloth, such as the adjacent small reflector 13 shown in fig. 1.
Step 202: the light collecting mirror 2 is controlled to track the light source, and the light spot 11 of the measured small reflector 10 and the light spot 12 of the reference small reflector 9 can be obtained on the receiving screen 3.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, since the light source is the sun 1, the condenser 2 is controlled to track the sun. If the light source is the solar simulator 16 or the plane reflection device 17, the position of the solar simulator 16 may be fixed or the direction of the light reflected by the plane reflection device 17 may be fixed, so the condenser lens 2 may be fixed, i.e. there is no need for tracking operation.
Step 203: in a short time, the camera 5 shoots the light spots 11 and 12 on the receiving screen 3, and the light spot information collected by the CCD in the camera 5 is transmitted to the computer 8 through the data line 7. The short time period means that the change of the orientation of the sun 1 during this time period is negligible.
Step 204: the computer 8 carries out image processing on the received light spot information, determines the relative position between the light spot 11 generated by the reflection of the measured small reflector 10 and the light spot 12 generated by the reflection of the reference small reflector 9, and compares the relative position with the ideal light spot position obtained by the calculation of a light ray tracing method, so that the angle inclination error of the measured small reflector 10 can be obtained.
Wherein the angle tilt error is a ratio between a position deviation and a focal length, and the unit is rad; the position deviation refers to the position deviation between the light spot 11 and an ideal light spot, and the focal length refers to the focal length of the measured solar condenser.
Through the steps, the detection device can obtain the angle inclination error of each small reflector in the measured solar energy condenser (namely the splicing error of the small reflectors), and in the subsequent operation, the calculation result can be used for guiding the measured small reflector 10 to carry out angle adjustment so that the inclination angle of the measured small reflector 10 reaches the design value.
The detection device of the present invention can also be used to detect the surface shape quality of the small mirror 10. During detection, firstly, the actual projection light spot 11 of the small reflector 10 to be detected is obtained, then the shape of the light spot is compared with the shape of an ideal projection light spot calculated by the computer 8 by adopting a ray tracing method, and the surface shape quality of the small reflector 10 can be qualitatively evaluated according to the comparison result. For example, if the shapes of the two light spots are similar, the surface shape quality of the small mirror 10 is better, and conversely, the surface shape quality is worse.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A solar concentrator inspection device, comprising:
the solar condenser is arranged on the bracket through a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft is orthogonal to the second rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft is parallel to the mirror surface, and the second rotating shaft is vertical to the horizontal plane; a small reference reflector is positioned on the axis of the second rotating shaft;
the receiving screen is arranged on the light path of the solar condenser; receiving light spots reflected by the solar condenser;
and the image acquisition unit is formed by connecting a camera with a computer, and the lens of the camera is aligned to the light spot on the receiving screen.
2. The solar concentrator detection device of claim 1, wherein the light source of the solar concentrator is the sun or an artificial light source capable of emitting similar sunlight, or a planar reflecting device capable of tracking the sun and reflecting sunlight to the surface of the concentrator to be detected.
3. The solar concentrator inspection device of claim 1, wherein the receiving screen is a flat plate having a surface coated with a diffuse reflective material.
4. The solar concentrator detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the receiving screen is a flat plate having a light transmittance, and the camera is mounted behind the receiving screen.
5. The solar concentrator detection device of claim 1, wherein the lens of the camera is an optical lens, the field angle is 30 °, and the resolution >50 lines/mm.
6. The solar concentrator detection apparatus of claim 5, wherein an attenuator is mounted in front of the lens of the camera.
7. The solar concentrator inspection device of claim 1, wherein the camera is mounted on a tripod and connected to the computer by a data cable.
8. A solar condenser detection method comprises the following steps:
step 1: rotating the measured solar condenser to a horizontal position around the first rotating shaft, and selecting the position as a reference position;
step 2: a small reference reflector is arranged on the measured solar condenser, and the vertex or the geometric center point of the small reference reflector is positioned on the axis of the second rotating shaft;
and step 3: adjusting the vertex tangent plane of the small reference reflector to be parallel to the plane;
and 4, step 4: selecting a plurality of small reflectors on the tested solar condenser as detection targets;
and 5: controlling the tested solar condenser to track the light source, and reflecting the light source to the receiving screen to generate a first light spot of the tested small reflector and a second light spot of the reference small reflector;
step 6: shooting a first light spot and a second light spot on a receiving screen through a camera, and transmitting the collected light spot information to a computer;
and 7: the computer carries out image processing on the received light spot information, determines the relative position between the first light spot and the second light spot, and compares the relative position with the ideal light spot position to obtain the angle inclination error of the measured small reflector;
the angle inclination error is a ratio of position deviation to focal length, wherein the position deviation is the position deviation between the first light spot and the ideal light spot, and the focal length is the focal length of the measured solar condenser.
9. The solar concentrator inspection method of claim 8, wherein step 7 is followed by step 8: and comparing the shape of the first light spot with the shape of the ideal light spot obtained by theoretical calculation, and evaluating the surface shape quality of the small reflector to be measured according to the comparison result.
10. The solar concentrator inspection method of claim 8 or 9, wherein step 4 further comprises: the small mirror adjacent to the small mirror to be measured is covered with a light-impermeable cloth.
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| CN105674915B (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2018-02-06 | 湖南科技大学 | The surface shape detection apparatus of solar concentrator mirror unit |
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| CN106441149B (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2019-04-16 | 上海晶电新能源有限公司 | It is a kind of based on more range estimations away from tower secondary reflection mirror surface type detection system and method |
| CN106918313A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-07-04 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of dish-style Stirling Salar light-gatherings minute surface quality determining method |
| CN109036010A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-12-18 | 北京市遥感信息研究所 | A kind of spatial remotely sensed imaging semi-physical simulation platform based on sand table motor pattern |
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