CN103134664B - A kind of camera of optical satellite in-orbit MTF measuring method based on convex reflecting mirror - Google Patents
A kind of camera of optical satellite in-orbit MTF measuring method based on convex reflecting mirror Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于凸面反射镜实现的在轨MTF检测方法，该装置主要由凸面反射镜阵列、配套三角架、内置有GPS及计算软件的电动经纬仪组成，在电动经纬仪上对太阳和卫星的方位角和天顶角进行定标，电动经纬仪带动凸面反射镜在预订的时间自动运行至指定位置，将规定时刻的太阳光反射至卫星所经过位置，凸面反射镜在自动跟踪系统的控制下，将该时刻太阳光反射至光学卫星相机上使其成像，图像同步传回地面进行处理计算，至此完成光学卫星相机MTF的检测；本发明结构简单、小型化、轻量化、操作简便、适合于野外工作，可用于光学卫星相机在轨检测MTF检测，无需光学卫星相机相机的增益、辐射响应度等参数，具有广泛的实用性。
The invention discloses an on-orbit MTF detection method based on a convex reflector. The device is mainly composed of a convex reflector array, a matching tripod, an electric theodolite with built-in GPS and calculation software, and the electric theodolite detects the sun and satellites. The azimuth and zenith angle are calibrated, and the electric theodolite drives the convex reflector to automatically run to the designated position at the predetermined time, reflecting the sunlight at the specified time to the position passed by the satellite, and the convex reflector is under the control of the automatic tracking system At this moment, the sunlight is reflected to the optical satellite camera to form an image, and the image is synchronously sent back to the ground for processing and calculation, so far the detection of the optical satellite camera MTF is completed; the present invention is simple in structure, miniaturized, light in weight, easy to operate, and suitable for Field work can be used for on-orbit detection of optical satellite cameras for MTF detection, without the need for parameters such as gain and radiation responsivity of optical satellite cameras, and has wide practicability.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及光学卫星相机在轨检测领域，是对光学卫星相机成像系统质量的综合评价方法。 The invention relates to the field of on-orbit detection of an optical satellite camera, and is a comprehensive evaluation method for the quality of an optical satellite camera imaging system.
背景技术 Background technique
光学卫星相机的调制传递函数（MTF）是光学成像系统质量评价的重要指标，该函数反映了光学卫星相机的两个重要特性，即所成图像的分辨率和对比度，它是目前评价光学卫星相机空间特性较好的参数，光学卫星相机成像系统的MTF是光学系统、电子学系统、CCD器件、卫星运动及地面景物目标等各个过程的调制传递函数的综合指标，通过对光学卫星相机在轨MTF检测，不仅可以评价其成像质量，而且通过有效值MTF可以用于图像恢复、地面分辨率的确定及高分辨率的图像信息获取，目前，在轨光学卫星相机MTF检测主要有刃边法、脉冲法、点源法等多种方法，其中点源法能够获取表证成像系统空间特性的二维点扩散函数，成为光学卫星相机在轨MTF检测的主要方法之一，相比脉冲法、刃边法，点源法无需光学卫星相机相机的增益、辐射响应度等参数，比较简单。 The modulation transfer function (MTF) of an optical satellite camera is an important index for evaluating the quality of an optical imaging system. This function reflects two important characteristics of an optical satellite camera, namely, the resolution and contrast of the resulting image. Parameters with better spatial characteristics. The MTF of the optical satellite camera imaging system is a comprehensive indicator of the modulation transfer function of the optical system, electronic system, CCD device, satellite motion, and ground scene targets. Through the on-orbit MTF of the optical satellite camera Detection can not only evaluate its imaging quality, but also can be used for image restoration, ground resolution determination and high-resolution image information acquisition through effective value MTF. At present, the MTF detection of on-orbit optical satellite cameras mainly includes edge method, pulse Among them, the point source method can obtain the two-dimensional point spread function that can demonstrate the spatial characteristics of the imaging system, and has become one of the main methods for on-orbit MTF detection of optical satellite cameras. The point source method does not require parameters such as the gain and radiation responsivity of the optical satellite camera, and is relatively simple.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种基于凸面反射镜的在轨光学卫星相机MTF测量方法。 The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the defects of the prior art, and to provide a method for measuring the MTF of an on-orbit optical satellite camera based on a convex mirror.
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的： The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
基于凸面反射镜的在轨光学卫星相机MTF测量方法，其装置包括有设置于地面上的太阳光反射系统，所述的太阳光反射系统包括间隔排布的凸面反射镜阵列，配套设置有三角架，三角架上固定安装有内置有GPS及计算软件的电动经纬仪，凸面反射镜固定安装在电动经纬仪上方，电动经纬仪配套连接有电子手簿，所述的凸面反射镜边缘一侧安装有太阳观察器，具体实施步骤如下： On-orbit optical satellite camera MTF measurement method based on convex mirrors, the device includes a solar reflection system arranged on the ground, and the solar reflection system includes an array of convex mirrors arranged at intervals, and a tripod is provided as a complete set , an electric theodolite with built-in GPS and calculation software is fixedly installed on the tripod, the convex mirror is fixedly installed above the electric theodolite, the electric theodolite is connected with an electronic hand book, and a sun observer is installed on one side of the convex mirror , the specific implementation steps are as follows:
（1）对太阳的定标：透过各个凸面反射镜上的太阳观察器的观察孔，调整各个凸透镜位置，使它们镜面中心法线与太阳光线一致，完成后取下太阳观察器；通过电动经纬仪操作手簿键入“太阳”跟踪设置； (1) Calibration of the sun: Through the observation hole of the sun observer on each convex reflector, adjust the position of each convex lens so that the normal line of the center of their mirror surface is consistent with the sun's rays, and remove the sun observer after completion; Key in "sun" tracking setting in the theodolite operator's handbook;
（2）卫星定标：在操作手簿输入待测卫星相机所在的卫星参数（卫星经过城市上空的时间、天顶角、方位角）； (2) Satellite calibration: input the satellite parameters of the satellite camera to be tested in the operating manual (the time when the satellite passes over the city, the zenith angle, and the azimuth angle);
（3）各电动经纬仪内置的GPS及计算软件自动测定太阳位置，并计算卫星经过城市上空时刻凸面反射镜的方位角和俯仰角，在该预定时刻各个电动经纬仪带动凸面反射镜自动旋转至合适的角度，于是入射到凸面反射镜阵列的太阳光反射至卫星上的光学卫星相机上，完成成像。 (3) The built-in GPS and calculation software of each electric theodolite automatically determines the position of the sun, and calculates the azimuth and elevation angles of the convex mirror when the satellite passes over the city. At the predetermined time, each electric theodolite drives the convex mirror to automatically rotate to a suitable Angle, so the sunlight incident on the convex mirror array is reflected to the optical satellite camera on the satellite to complete the imaging.
（4）成像后图像被发回地面进行检测分析，完成光学卫星相机MTF的检测。 (4) After imaging, the image is sent back to the ground for detection and analysis, and the detection of the MTF of the optical satellite camera is completed.
所述的电动经纬仪内置的GPS及计算软件可用于太阳时间、地点的自动测定以及凸面反射镜方位和俯仰旋转角度计算与控制。 The built-in GPS and calculation software of the electric theodolite can be used for the automatic determination of solar time and location, and the calculation and control of the azimuth and pitch rotation angle of the convex mirror.
根据光学卫星相机接收合适光通量的要求，经凸面反射镜反射到达卫星相机入瞳的能量与地面采样间隔内太阳照明理想朗伯地表反射到卫星相机入瞳的能量相匹配，此时光学卫星相机接收的光通量接近相机动态范围的高端，具有最大的信噪比。为适应在轨二维PSF/MTF检测的需求，尽可能使凸面反射镜装置要小型化、轻量化、适合于野外操作。考虑到轨道预报精度及光束指向误差、光学卫星相机的地面采样间隔（GSD）、地物目标、点光源的凸面反射镜应具有一定的束散角及野外作业等因素的影响，合理的设计、加工凸面反射镜并安装于该装置上。 According to the requirements of the optical satellite camera to receive a suitable luminous flux, the energy reflected by the convex mirror and reaching the entrance pupil of the satellite camera matches the energy reflected by the ideal Lambertian surface of the sun illumination to the entrance pupil of the satellite camera within the ground sampling interval. At this time, the optical satellite camera receives The luminous flux is close to the high end of the camera's dynamic range, with the greatest signal-to-noise ratio. In order to meet the requirements of on-orbit two-dimensional PSF/MTF detection, the convex mirror device should be miniaturized, light-weight, and suitable for field operations. Considering the orbit prediction accuracy and beam pointing error, the ground sampling interval (GSD) of the optical satellite camera, the ground object, the convex mirror of the point light source should have a certain beam divergence angle, and the influence of field operations, a reasonable design, A convex mirror is machined and mounted on the device.
检测原理： Detection principle:
根据光学原理及傅立叶光学可知，对于线性位移不变系统，光学卫星相机的成像关系可表示为： According to optical principles and Fourier optics, for a linear displacement invariant system, the imaging relationship of an optical satellite camera can be expressed as:
（1） (1)
其中，是输出图像，是观测目标，“”是卷积运算符号，是成像系统的点扩散函数。 in, is the output image, is the observation target, " " is the convolution operation symbol, is the point spread function of the imaging system.
当输入为点激冲光源（如凸面反射镜）时，根据卷积定理，该系统的成像关系可简写为： When the input is a point impulse light source (such as a convex mirror), according to the convolution theorem, the imaging relationship of the system can be abbreviated as:
（2） (2)
此时，系统的输出表现为其本身的点扩散特性，将检测得到的系统点扩散函数作傅立叶变换并取模，可得表征该光学卫星相机空间特性的二维调制传递函数。 At this time, the output of the system shows its own point spread characteristics, and the detected system point spread function is Fourier transformed and modulo taken to obtain the two-dimensional modulation transfer function that characterizes the spatial characteristics of the optical satellite camera.
随着光学卫星相机空间分辨率的不断提高，利用GPS(RTK)测量系统能够在地面布设较为理想的点目标，直接检测其成像系统的二维空间特性。由光的反射定律可知，凸面反射镜能够将近似平行入射的太阳光发散一定的角度，使得光学卫星相机能够在较大范围内对其成像。以凸面反射镜为点光源，可直接对PSF/MTF等参数进行在轨检测。 With the continuous improvement of the spatial resolution of optical satellite cameras, the GPS (RTK) measurement system can be used to lay out ideal point targets on the ground to directly detect the two-dimensional spatial characteristics of its imaging system. It can be seen from the law of light reflection that the convex mirror can diverge the approximately parallel incident sunlight to a certain angle, so that the optical satellite camera can image it in a large range. Using a convex reflector as a point light source, parameters such as PSF/MTF can be directly detected on-orbit.
本发明的优点是： The advantages of the present invention are:
不需光学卫星相机相机的增益、辐射响应度等参数，具有广泛的实用性。本发明凸面反射镜在轨检测MTF检测方法其结构简单、小型化、轻量化、操作简便、适合于野外工作。 It does not need parameters such as gain and radiation responsivity of the optical satellite camera, and has wide practicability. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, miniaturization, light weight, easy operation and field work.
附图说明 Description of drawings
附图1为本发明的装置结构示意图。 Accompanying drawing 1 is the device structure diagram of the present invention.
附图2为本发明的检测原理图。 Accompanying drawing 2 is the detection principle diagram of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
如图1所示，基于凸面反射镜的在轨光学卫星相机MTF测量方法，包括有设置于地面上的太阳光反射系统，所述的太阳光反射系统包括间隔排布的5*5凸面反射镜阵列，配套设置有三角架1，三角架上固定安装有内置有GPS及计算软件的电动经纬仪2，凸面反射镜3固定安装在电动经纬仪2上方，电动经纬仪2配套连接有电子手簿，所述的凸面反射镜边缘一侧安装有太阳观察器，具体实施步骤如下： As shown in Figure 1, the on-orbit optical satellite camera MTF measurement method based on the convex mirror includes a solar reflection system arranged on the ground, and the solar reflection system includes 5*5 convex mirrors arranged at intervals The array is equipped with a tripod 1, and an electric theodolite 2 with built-in GPS and calculation software is fixedly installed on the tripod, and a convex mirror 3 is fixedly installed on the top of the electric theodolite 2, and the electric theodolite 2 is connected with an electronic handbook. A solar observer is installed on one side of the edge of the convex mirror, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
（1）对太阳的定标：透过各个凸面反射镜上的太阳观察器的观察孔，调整各个凸透镜位置，使它们镜面中心法线与太阳光线一致，完成后取下太阳观察器；通过电动经纬仪操作手簿键入“太阳”跟踪设置； (1) Calibration of the sun: Through the observation hole of the sun observer on each convex reflector, adjust the position of each convex lens so that the normal line of the center of their mirror surface is consistent with the sun's rays, and remove the sun observer after completion; Key in "sun" tracking setting in the theodolite operator's handbook;
（2）卫星定标：在操作手簿输入待测卫星相机所在的卫星参数（卫星经过城市上空的时间、天顶角、方位角）； (2) Satellite calibration: input the satellite parameters of the satellite camera to be tested in the operating manual (the time when the satellite passes over the city, the zenith angle, and the azimuth angle);
（3）各电动经纬仪内置的GPS及计算软件自动测定太阳位置，并计算卫星经过城市上空时刻凸面反射镜的方位角和俯仰角，在该预定时刻各个电动经纬仪带动凸面反射镜自动旋转至合适的角度，于是入射到凸面反射镜阵列的太阳光反射至卫星上的光学卫星相机上，完成成像。 (3) The built-in GPS and calculation software of each electric theodolite automatically determines the position of the sun, and calculates the azimuth and elevation angles of the convex mirror when the satellite passes over the city. At the predetermined time, each electric theodolite drives the convex mirror to automatically rotate to a suitable Angle, so the sunlight incident on the convex mirror array is reflected to the optical satellite camera on the satellite to complete the imaging.
（4）成像后图像被发回地面进行检测分析，完成光学卫星相机MTF的检测。 (4) After imaging, the image is sent back to the ground for detection and analysis, and the detection of the MTF of the optical satellite camera is completed.
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| CN104298844B (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2017-04-12 | 中国科学院光电研究院 | Method for obtaining measurement precision of optical remote sensing load on-orbit modulation transfer function (MTF) measured through dot matrix method |
| CN106500590A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-03-15 | 宁夏共享模具有限公司 | A kind of laser interferometer interferoscope adjusts platform |
| CN107782279B (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2019-09-10 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of method of the modulation transfer function of testing photoelectronic theodolite at outfield |
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