CN1034387A - 1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷和甲醇/乙醇共沸组合物 - Google Patents
1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷和甲醇/乙醇共沸组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/02—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding
- H05K3/06—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding the conductive material being removed chemically or electrolytically, e.g. by photo-etch process
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- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- C11D7/5068—Mixtures of halogenated and non-halogenated solvents
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- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
- C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
- C23G5/028—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons
- C23G5/02809—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons containing chlorine and fluorine
- C23G5/02825—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons containing chlorine and fluorine containing hydrogen
- C23G5/02829—Ethanes
- C23G5/02832—C2H3Cl2F
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- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/22—Secondary treatment of printed circuits
- H05K3/26—Cleaning or polishing of the conductive pattern
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Abstract
本发明公开了1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷
(HCFC-141b)与甲醇或乙醇的共沸混合物,这些共
沸混合物在溶剂清洗中是十分有用的。
Description
由于近代电子线路板朝着增加线路和元件密度的方向发展,故焊接后彻底清洗线路板显得十分重要。目前,将电子元件焊接到线路板上的工业方法包括先用一种助焊剂将线路板上的线路面涂层,然后使该板的涂层面通过预热器,最后进行引焊接。助焊剂能清洁传导的金属部件,并能促进焊料粘着。最常用的助焊剂是松香或加有活化添加剂的松香,活化添加剂包括胺的盐酸盐或草酸衍生物。
焊接之后,由于高温使部分松香降解,故常常要用有机溶剂将助焊剂和助焊剂残留物从线路板上除去。对这样的有机溶剂的要求是严格的:它应具有低沸点,低毒和溶解性能好,以便除去助焊剂和助焊剂残留物而不损害要清洗的线路板。
尽管采用混合溶剂可调整溶剂的可燃性和溶解性能,但混合溶剂常是令人不满意的,因为它们沸腾时便分馏成不希望的组分。这样的混合物回收时也分馏,如果不重新配制,再以原有组分套用是困难的。
相反,我们发现具有恒定沸点和恒定组成特点的共沸混合物是非常有用的。共沸混合物展现一个最高或最低沸点,且沸腾时并不分馏。这对采用溶剂组合物除去印刷线路板上的助焊剂和助焊剂残留物溶剂而言也是重要的。如果混合溶剂不是共沸物或共沸类似物,其中挥发性强的组分先蒸发,将导致混合物的组成改变,从而降低了所要求的性质,如对松香助焊剂的溶解能力降低,对线路板电子元件的惰性降低和可燃性增加。共沸物或共沸类似物的组合物用在蒸汽清洗操作中也是理想的,蒸汽清洗操作中重蒸馏的物质通常用于最后的冲洗。于是,蒸汽除助焊剂和清洗系统就象一个蒸馏器。除非溶剂组合物具有恒定沸点,即是共沸物或是共沸类似物,否则将发生分馏,不希望的溶剂分配可影响安全性和清洗效率。
已发现许多氟代烷类共沸组合物,某些已被用作溶剂以除去印刷电路板上的助焊剂和助焊剂残留物和用于混杂蒸汽去垢操作中。不幸的是,在本领域内众所周知,预言共沸物的组成是不可能的,很明显,这使得寻求本领域能使用的新共沸系统变得复杂了。除非进行坚持不懈的努力,以发现具有理想溶解能力特征,特别是具有更广泛性的溶解能力的新共沸物或共沸类似物系统。
根据本发明,发现了一种共沸物或共沸类似物的组合物,它包括有效量的1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷和一种选自甲醇、乙醇的醇的混合物;特别是包括一种含约94-98%(重量)的1,1-二氯-1-氟丁烷和约2-6%(重量)的甲醇,或含约97-99%(重量)的1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷和约1-3%(重量)的乙醇的混合物。
本发明提供适合于溶剂清洗用途的共沸组合物。
本发明的组合物包括将有效量的1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷(CH3CFCl2,b.p.32.2℃)与一种醇混合以形成共沸物或共沸类似物的混合物,该醇选自甲醇和乙醇。按氯氟代烷类的常规命名法,该氟代物称为HCFC-141b。
所谓共沸物或共沸类似物的组合物指的是由两种或两种以上物质组成的具有恒定沸点的液体混合物,该液体混合物具有单一物质相同的性质,即部分蒸发或蒸馏产生的蒸汽组成与原液体的组成基本相同,也就是说该混合物蒸馏时其基本组成不变。具有共沸物或共沸类似物特征的恒沸组合物与非共沸混合物比较,前者既有最高沸点也有最低沸点。
所谓的有效量指的是本发明混合物中各个成分的量,当以该量混合时,使之形成本发明的共沸物或共沸类似物组合物。
实际上,通过下列任一标准就可以确认一种恒沸混合物,该恒沸混合物外观的变化取决于选择的条件:
该组合物可定义为A和B的共沸物,因为特定术语“共沸物”一词清楚地表明它具有确定含义,它要求有效量的A和B形成具有恒定沸点的特殊组成的混合物;
众所周知:压力改变时,给出的共沸物的组成也会改变,至少有某种程度的变化,而且蒸馏压力的变化至少在某种程度也改变蒸馏温度。因此,A和B的卜形锎硪恢止叵担孀盼露群停ɑ颍┭沽Φ谋浠渥槌梢彩强杀涞模蚨R宰槌煞段Ф皇枪潭ǖ淖槌衫慈范ü卜形?
或,不仅认识到这些特殊值指出一种特定关系,而且认识到由于蒸馏温度和压力的变化,对于给定的共沸物,实际上存在着一系列A和B所代表的特殊关系时,该组合物可定义为A和B特有的重量百分比关系或摩尔百分比关系。
由于认识到共沸物A和B只代表这样的一系列关系,A和B代表的共沸系列的特征在于:将该组合物定义为共沸物,该共沸物的特征为在某一给定的压力下仅有一个沸点;由此给出鉴别特征,而不是过分通过特殊数字表示组成过分限制本发明的范围,该鉴别特征受分析仪器的限制并和分析仪器一样准确。
94-98%(重量)的HCFC141b和2-4%(重量)的甲醇的二元混合物具有共沸物或共沸类似物特征,该范围内该混合物呈现基本恒定的沸点。由于沸点基本恒定,蒸发时该混合物没有大范围分馏的倾向。蒸发后,在蒸汽的组成和最初液相的组成间仅有微小差别。该差别小到气相和液相的组成可认为是基本相同的。因此,该范围内的任何混合物都有真正二元共沸物的特性。含约96.2%(重量)的HCFC-141b和3.8%(重量)甲醇的二元组合物按分馏法的精确度确定为真正的二元共沸物,在大气压下30.0℃沸腾,它是本发明最好的共沸物或共沸类似物组合物。
同样,根据本发明,97-99%(重量)HCFC-141b和1-3%(重量)乙醇的二元混合物也具有共沸物或共沸类似物的特征,该混合物展现一个基本恒定的沸点。因具有基本恒定的沸点,当蒸发时,它没有大范围分馏的倾向。蒸发后,蒸汽的组成和最初液相的组成间仅有微小的差别,该差别小到汽相和液相的组成基本上可认为是相同的。因而,此范围内的任何一种混合物均具有真正的二元共沸物的特性。含约98.6%(重量)HCFC-141b和1.4%(重量)乙醇的二元组合物按分馏法精度被确认为真正的二元共沸物,在大气压下大约32℃沸腾,它是本发明最好的共沸物或共沸类似物的组合物。
由于其共沸的特性,本发明的共沸物在蒸汽除助焊剂和清洗操作后,很容易回收再用。例如,本发明的共沸混合物可用于美国专利3,881,949(本文引作参考文献)中所描述的清洗方法中。
通过任何方便的方法将一定量的成分混合或结合,或采用其它适合的方法可制备本发明的共沸物。最好的方法是先秤取一定量的各成分,然后于适合的容器中混合。
实施例1
用一个由园底烧瓶和全回流冷凝器组成的蒸馏装置来测定这些最低共沸混合物的组成与沸腾温度的特征。方法如下:将纯的HCFC-141b加入园底烧瓶并在大气压下加热至沸腾,记录该沸腾液体的温度和其蒸汽的温度。将少量的醇(甲醇或乙醇)加入蒸馏装置中,全回流沸腾30分钟或少于30分钟,使蒸馏重新达到平衡,观察此混合组合物的沸腾液相温度和汽相温度。
在各采用乙醇的两个组合物中,当该混合物温度达到最低值(该温度低于混合物中任何一种纯组分的沸点)时,记录的该温度就是具有此共沸组成的真正共沸物的沸点。
为了证实共合物的精确组成和温度,制备两个HCFC-141b和醇(甲醇或乙醇)的混合物,两个混合物中,醇含量分别稍高于和低于其共沸组合物。两种混合物分别放于装有填料分馏栓的蒸馏装置中沸腾,分馏栓的效率相当于约24块理论塔板数。用从两个分馏系统的分馏柱顶部得到的混合物可获得最低共沸混合物。将顶部温度较正至760mmHg压力下的标准温度。用气相色谱测定共沸物组成。
实施例2
用活化的松香助焊剂将单面线路板涂层,将其通过一预热器使线路板顶面的温度达到约200°F,然后用500°F熔化的焊料焊接。用含96.2%(重量)HCFC-141b和3.8%(重量)甲醇的共沸混合物除去焊接线路板上的助焊剂。其方法是:先将焊接线路板放入沸腾池中悬浮3分钟,然后放于沸腾池上部的溶剂蒸汽中1分钟。清洗过的线路板上无可见的残留物。
Claims (10)
1、一种共沸物或共沸类似物的组合物,其中包括有效量的1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷鸵恢执迹么佳∽约状己鸵掖肌?
2、按权利要求1的共沸物或共沸类似物的组合物,其中含约94-98%(重量)的1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷和6-2%(重量)的甲醇。
3、按权利要求1的共沸物或共沸类似物的组合物,其中含约97-99%(重量)的1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷和3-1%(重量)的乙醇。
4、按权利要求2的共沸物或共沸类似物的组合物,其组成是约96.2%(重量)的1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷和约3.8%(重量)的甲醇。
5、按权利要求4的共沸物或共沸类似物的组合物,其中该组合物在准大气压下的沸点为约30.0℃。
6、按权利要求3的共沸物或共沸类似物的组合物,其中含约98.6%(重量)的1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷和约1.4%(重量)的乙醇。
7、按权利要求6的共沸物或共沸类似物的组合物,其中该组合物在准大气压下的沸点为32.0℃。
8、一种清洗固体表面的方法,该方法包括用权利要求1的共沸物或共沸类似物的组合物处理上述的表面。
9、按权利要求8的方法,其中固体表面是被助焊剂和助焊剂残留物污染的印刷线路板。
10、按权利要求8的方法,其中固体表面为一种金属。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/145,920 US5246617A (en) | 1988-01-20 | 1988-01-20 | Azeotropic compositions of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane and methanol/ethanol |
US145,920 | 1988-01-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1034387A true CN1034387A (zh) | 1989-08-02 |
Family
ID=22515123
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN89100401A Pending CN1034387A (zh) | 1988-01-20 | 1989-01-20 | 1,1-二氯-1-氟乙烷和甲醇/乙醇共沸组合物 |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5246617A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0325265B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2723947B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR0129529B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1034387A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU608405B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR8900252A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1332657C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE68914171T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2061742T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK54297A (zh) |
IN (1) | IN170236B (zh) |
MX (1) | MX169763B (zh) |
MY (1) | MY104393A (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112553014A (zh) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-26 | 北京飞狐鱼智能科技有限公司 | 电子产品带电抑菌清洁剂 |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4810412A (en) * | 1988-04-11 | 1989-03-07 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotropic compositions of 1,1-difluoro-2,2-dichloroethane and methanol or ethanol |
KR960015228B1 (ko) * | 1988-05-03 | 1996-11-04 | 알라이드-시그날 인코포레이티드 | 1, 1-디클로로-1-플루오로에탄/메탄올계 공비성조성물 |
US4836947A (en) * | 1988-06-09 | 1989-06-06 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane and ethanol |
KR910700329A (ko) * | 1988-12-27 | 1991-03-14 | 제라드 피. 루우니 | 1,1-디클로로-1-플루오로에탄/디클로롤트리플루오로에탄계 공비성 조성물 |
IE902513A1 (en) * | 1989-10-04 | 1991-04-10 | Allied Signal Inc | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane,¹dichlorotrifluoroethane, and nitromethane |
IE902661A1 (en) * | 1989-11-13 | 1991-05-22 | Allied Signal Inc | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane,¹dichlorotrifluorothane, a mono- or dichlorinated c1, c2 or¹c3 alkane and optionally methanol |
FR2657877B1 (fr) * | 1990-02-07 | 1992-05-15 | Atochem | Composition nettoyante a base de 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, de formiate de methyle et de methanol. |
FR2657876B1 (fr) * | 1990-02-07 | 1992-05-15 | Atochem | Composition nettoyante a base de 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane et de formiate de methyle. |
AU7311791A (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 1991-09-18 | Allied-Signal Inc. | A method of cleaning using azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, methanol and nitromethane |
FR2660306B1 (fr) * | 1990-04-02 | 1992-06-05 | Atochem | Nouveau melange azeotropique a bas point d'ebullition et ses applications comme fluide frigorigene, comme propulseur d'aerosols ou comme agent d'expansion des mousses plastiques. |
EP0542796B1 (en) * | 1990-08-09 | 1996-09-25 | AlliedSignal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; ethanol; and nitromethane |
US5085797A (en) * | 1990-09-11 | 1992-02-04 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, a monochlorinated C3 alkane and optionally an alkanol |
FR2676066B1 (fr) * | 1991-05-02 | 1993-07-23 | Atochem | Composition a base de 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, de 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane et de methanol, pour le nettoyage et/ou le sechage de surfaces solides. |
FR2676067B1 (fr) * | 1991-05-02 | 1993-07-23 | Atochem | Composition a base de 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane et de methanol, pour le nettoyage et/ou le sechage de surfaces solides. |
BE1005163A3 (fr) * | 1991-08-01 | 1993-05-11 | Solvay | Compositions contenant un ether fluore et utilisation de ces compositions. |
BE1005181A3 (fr) * | 1991-08-19 | 1993-05-18 | Solvay | Compositions comprenant un ether fluore et utilisation de ces compositions. |
FR2700776A1 (fr) * | 1993-01-27 | 1994-07-29 | Atochem Elf Sa | Composition de nettoyage stabilisée à base de 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroéthane et de méthanol. |
US5514221A (en) * | 1993-04-15 | 1996-05-07 | Elf Atochem North America, Inc. | Cold cleaning process |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3936387A (en) * | 1972-02-04 | 1976-02-03 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Azeotrope of 1,2-dichloro-1-fluoroethane and methanol |
US3904542A (en) * | 1973-03-06 | 1975-09-09 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Azeotropic composition of fluorocarbon |
US3945932A (en) * | 1974-06-19 | 1976-03-23 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Novel trichloromonofluoromethane-alcohol azeotropes |
LU75857A1 (zh) * | 1976-09-22 | 1978-05-12 | ||
US4767561A (en) * | 1987-09-23 | 1988-08-30 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition of trichlorotrifluoroethane, methanol and 1,2-dichloroethylene |
-
1988
- 1988-01-20 US US07/145,920 patent/US5246617A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-01-17 IN IN45/CAL/89A patent/IN170236B/en unknown
- 1989-01-19 CA CA000588695A patent/CA1332657C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-01-19 MY MYPI89000055A patent/MY104393A/en unknown
- 1989-01-19 BR BR898900252A patent/BR8900252A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-01-19 KR KR1019890000534A patent/KR0129529B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-01-19 MX MX014593A patent/MX169763B/es unknown
- 1989-01-19 AU AU28651/89A patent/AU608405B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-01-20 DE DE68914171T patent/DE68914171T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-01-20 EP EP89100950A patent/EP0325265B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-01-20 CN CN89100401A patent/CN1034387A/zh active Pending
- 1989-01-20 JP JP1011801A patent/JP2723947B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-01-20 ES ES89100950T patent/ES2061742T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-04-24 HK HK54297A patent/HK54297A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112553014A (zh) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-26 | 北京飞狐鱼智能科技有限公司 | 电子产品带电抑菌清洁剂 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE68914171D1 (de) | 1994-05-05 |
HK54297A (en) | 1997-05-02 |
ES2061742T3 (es) | 1994-12-16 |
JPH01272698A (ja) | 1989-10-31 |
AU2865189A (en) | 1989-07-20 |
KR0129529B1 (ko) | 1998-04-09 |
JP2723947B2 (ja) | 1998-03-09 |
CA1332657C (en) | 1994-10-25 |
AU608405B2 (en) | 1991-03-28 |
EP0325265B1 (en) | 1994-03-30 |
BR8900252A (pt) | 1989-09-19 |
DE68914171T2 (de) | 1994-10-06 |
KR890012519A (ko) | 1989-08-26 |
US5246617A (en) | 1993-09-21 |
IN170236B (zh) | 1992-02-29 |
EP0325265A1 (en) | 1989-07-26 |
MX169763B (es) | 1993-07-23 |
MY104393A (en) | 1994-03-31 |
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