CN103436266B - Industrial silico-calcium board waste material is utilized to produce the method for moderate-element acidic soil conditioner - Google Patents

Industrial silico-calcium board waste material is utilized to produce the method for moderate-element acidic soil conditioner Download PDF

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CN103436266B
CN103436266B CN201310383809.2A CN201310383809A CN103436266B CN 103436266 B CN103436266 B CN 103436266B CN 201310383809 A CN201310383809 A CN 201310383809A CN 103436266 B CN103436266 B CN 103436266B
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soil conditioner
soil
acidic soil
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calcium
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CN103436266A (en
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石林
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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Abstract

The present invention openly utilizes industrial silico-calcium board waste material to produce the method for moderate-element acidic soil conditioner.It mainly operates is using calcium silicate board with microporous, white clay, rhombspar etc. and helps additive A and B as mixture, by ball milling, dries, forming process, calcination activation, cooling, pulverizes, obtained mineral matter nutritional type acidic soil conditioner.Available nutrient in acidic soil conditioner is greater than 60%, and wherein the efficient oxidation calcium is greater than 25%, and effective silicon-dioxide is greater than 20%, and the efficient oxidation magnesium is greater than 5%, and effective sulphur trioxide is greater than 5%, and available chlorine content is greater than 2%, and containing various trace elements composition.Product is weakly alkaline (pH=9 ~ 12).The present invention is an industrial solid castoff high-efficiency agriculture recycling problem, covers the scientific idea of recycling economy, Sustainable development.The acidic soil conditioner product of preparation can be used to physico-chemical property, the General Promotion Trace Elements in Soil level of adjustment of acidity or alkaline land soil.

Description

Industrial silico-calcium board waste material is utilized to produce the method for moderate-element acidic soil conditioner
Technical field
The present invention relates to new-type fertilizer field, belong to agricultural sciences.Be specifically related to a kind of method that moderate-element acidic soil conditioner is produced in industrial silico-calcium board waste material activation.
Background technology
The growth of soil pH value to plant is extremely important.What suitable most of farm crop grew up strong and sturdy is neutral soil, and its pH value is 7 or is slightly less than 7.Soil acidification (soilacidification) refers to the process that in soil, hydrogen ion concentration increases or soil acidity strengthens, show as the remarkable reduction of soil pH value, form acid soil, affect activity biological in soil, change the form of nutrient in soil, reduce nutrient availability, impel free manganese, aluminum ion dissolves in the soil solution, crop is produced and poisons.At occurring in nature, acid soil account for that the whole world can utilize soil 30%.Under field conditions (factors), soil acidification is a mechanism relatively slowly, and as the carbonic acid that animals and plants respiration in soil is formed, the organic acid that plant and animal residues produces through microbial decomposition slowly can cause soil acidification.But it is early stage so far from the eighties in last century, China's nearly all topsoil (topsoils) mean ph value have dropped 0.13 to 0.80 unit, although wherein the mean ph value of southern area red soil only have dropped 0.23 unit, but acidity is the strongest, aluminium and the environmentally hazardous stage of manganese element generation activation are arrived.
Soil acidification is a continual natural process, and in soil, the existence of some natural acids makes this Formation history slowly carry out, but the impact of human factor makes this process greatly accelerate.Wherein mainly contain two aspects:
(1) Atmospheric acid deposition
Acid rain is the main inducing causing soil acidification.China's Acid Rain Zone main body is positioned at the wide geographic area on the south the Changjiang river, and the north also exists Acid Rain Zone among a small circle.But from national acid rain occurrence scope: generally in expansion trend, northern acid rain occurrence scope expands obviously, and south remains unchanged substantially.And acid rain pollution severely afflicated area is progressively transferred in the middle part of Central China and south China by southwest.In Europe, the United States, the large Acid Rain Zone of subepoch circle three, strongly-acid Acid Rain Zone (pH<4.5) area of China is maximum, and the Changjiang river areas to the south is the global strong acid heart in the rain.South China Soils In The Region mostly originally is acid, in addition the shower of acid rain in recent years, and acidization is accelerated; And northern area soil mostly is alkalescence, there is certain surge capability to acid rain.After soil acidification, can to accelerate in soil containing the primary mineral of aluminium and secondary mineral weathering and discharge a large amount of aluminum ion, forming the aluminium of plant available.The absorption aluminium that plant is long-term and excessive, can produce poisoning, even the phenomena of mortality.In addition, acid rain still can accelerate the loss of soil mineral nutritive element; Change Soil structure, cause the poor ridge of soil, affect plant normal development, and inducing plant disease and pest, make crop failure.
Within 2005, acid rain distribution district of China has accounted for 28% of territory total area, and 2010 expand to 40%, and the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River areas to the south average annual Precipitation pH of more than at least 50% area, lower than 4.5, is acid rain seriously polluted area.And according to Guangdong Province's environment publication in 2010, current urban precipitation mean ph value is 4.86, acid rain frequency is 45.9%, and there are 5, Shaoguan, Shenzhen, Foshan, Zhaoqing and Huizhou etc. in the city belonging to heavy Acid Rain Zone (pH<4.5).
(2) excessive applied nitrogen
Except Atmospheric acid deposition can bring out except soil acidification, excessive the using of nitrogenous fertilizer is also the arch-criminal causing soil acidification.The cacodoxy of still ubiquity " the more many more high yields of nitrogenous fertilizer " in the agriculture production of current China.Since the eighties in last century, China's amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer rapid growth, to the mid-90, China has become the first big country of world's nitrogen fertilizer production and consumption, and the arable land accounting for the world 7% consumes the nitrogenous fertilizer in the whole world 35%.Due to the use of nitrogenous fertilizer particularly ammonium fertilizer, cause ammonium nitrogen (NH 4-N) escape and nitric nitrogen (NO 3-N) Soil accumulation, plantation, improperly rate of fertilizer application and the fertilization mode of leguminous crop, crop harvesting remove the alkaline matter etc. in soil in addition, all accelerate the acidifying of soil.
The acidifying of soil not only brings the increase of soil acidity, more importantly makes the nutrition compositions such as the potassium in soil, calcium, silicon, magnesium run off in a large number; Promote the activation of aluminium, manganese and heavy metal element, occur aluminium poison and heavy metallic poison phenomenon; The lasting acidifying of soil, have also been changed population and the activity of soil microorganisms; Affect crop root growth and the absorption to nutrient; And grow various disease and pest.
For a long time, for the general acidifying of soil and the adverse consequences brought thereof, except controlling Atmospheric Acid Deposition, reducing outside the amount of application of chemical fertilizer particularly nitrogenous fertilizer, also developing some acidic soil conditioners both at home and abroad.Traditional as lime or limestone powder soil conditioner, also have some in addition as alkaline residue, peat, flyash, rhombspar, phosphogypsum, ground phosphate rock, carbon method filter mud, Yellow Phosphorous Slag powder etc.
Lime or limestone powder are after acid soil is used, and the acidity of topsoil improves easily via using, and the concentration of soil plough horizon exchangeable calcium ion also can increase to some extent.Blessing in the Meng waits and finds at Middle Part of Zhejiang red soil region liming: topsoil exchangeable calcium ion reaches maximum in time a year and a half after liming, slowly decline again subsequently, and there is multiple acidification phenomenon in soil, a large amount of or long-term application lime not only can cause soil compaction and form " lime harden field ", and easily causes the dysequilibrium of the elements such as soil calcium, potassium, magnesium and cause the underproduction.Therefore, during with lime improvement acid soil, must be noted that can not liming continually, while liming improvement soil, should in other alkaline acidic soil conditioner as plant ash, burn native compounding application.
It is raw material that Guangdong Dazhong Agriculture Science Ltd. utilizes south, Guangdong Jian Ye Group Plc to utilize " solvay soda process " to produce the alkaline residue produced in soda ash process, produce a kind of acidic soil conditioner of " field master worker " brand, current annual production reaches 150,000 tons, product has 17 kinds, and sales range extends to Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Hainan, Hubei, Shandong etc. from Guangdong.The main insolubles of solvay soda process alkaline residue comprises calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and terra alba (gypsum), and solvend comprises calcium chloride and sodium-chlor, and wherein solvend accounts for 10 ~ 15%.But due to chlorion too high in alkaline residue, excessive viscosity and excessive inactivation calcium carbonate (CaCO 3>50%), all directly limit using as acid soil improving agent, peasant household generally reflects to there is lasting result of use phenomenon worse and worse.
Peat and flyash all can be used for improveing soil, increase the content of soil with organic matter, promote the moisture in the soil value of soil, but their pH value itself is lower or in neutral, can not be used for nursing one's health the acidity of soil, and in general, in itself, the content of heavy metal is not low, may bring secondary pollution to soil.
Rhombspar is used and can be promoted growing and improving output of crop significantly in acid soil, and the research of Zhu Hongbin etc. finds: use rhombspar acidic soil conditioner, wheat increase yield 11.6% ~ 13.4%, rape yield increasing 9.4 ~ 27.2%.But long-term application rhombspar also can make soil occur the phenomenon that hardens, and causes crop failure.
Phosphogypsum not only can improve saltings, can also as a kind of cubsoil modifying agent of acid soil.The propositions such as the Sumner theory of phosphogypsum improvement cubsoil, can be summarized as " automatically adding liming effect ", after namely soil and calcium sulfate react, produces basicity due to the replacement reaction on surface.Spoito specializes " automatically adding lime ", and its reaction is:
Al(OH) 3+CaSO 4==Al(OH)SO 4+Ca(OH) 2
Al 2SiO 3(OH) 4+2CaSO 4+5H 2O==2Al(OH)SO 4+2H 2SiO 4+2Ca(OH) 2
The result of above-mentioned reaction, owing to creating calcium hydroxide, makes the pH value of soil be improved, and causes the content of Exchangeable Al to decline.
Ground phosphate rock is a kind of important raw and processed materials of phosphorous chemical industry, can increase the content of available phosphorus in soil thus the output of raising crop, and improve the pH value of soil.Increase the content of exchangeable calcium, reduce the content of exchange state aluminium.But ground phosphate rock formed primarily of phosphatic rock, in raw ore, the content of heavy metal and radioelement is general higher.
Carbon method filter mud is the industrial solid castoff of sugar refinery output, temperature will gentle Liu Shu base by red earth oranges and tangerines use sugar refinery carbon method filter mud after show: use carbon method filter mud and can significantly improve the pH value of soil and the content of soil quick-effective phosphor, join potassium application and can significantly improve orange yield, significantly improve its Vc and citric acid content, and its effect to join potassium application than the lime of equivalent good, think that carbon method filter mud can through replacing lime for the improvement of red earth.
Except being used alone or except these soil conditioners used in combination, also having the research report of some nutritional type type soil conditioners at present.Untie in the acid soil improvement of developments such as controlling containing N1.08g/kg, P 2o 53.27g/kg, K 2o1.33g/kg, CaO432.7g/kg, MgO14.04g/kg, by 5 process, effect of increasing production 9.5 ~ 19.6%, the quality of peanut all has raising in various degree.Chen Fuxing etc. use four kinds of traditional Agricultural breezes as main raw material, according to red soil characteristic, in conjunction with the demand of crop nutrition content element, are mixed with red soil improving agent series product, have and reduce soil acidity, effect such as supply nutrient, chessom etc.Guo Rongfa also uses the macromolecular organic compound of the ground phosphate rock+3% of 97%, becomes activating phosphorite powder through processing treatment, and latosol is used, and result shows: its fertilizer efficiency of administration of activated ground phosphate rock is low unlike calcium superphosphate fertilizer efficiency.
Although above amendment can play certain improved effect to acid soil, there is following problem: (1) mostly is primary raw material, process of manufacture simple coarse, active constituent content is not high and fluctuation large, and what have also exists the too strong problem of alkalescence.Raw materials used from above acidic soil conditioner: to be mainly mineral substance or industrial solid castoff, as lime or Wingdale, rhombspar, phosphogypsum, ground phosphate rock, zeolite, Calucium Silicate powder, serpentine, flyash, carbon method filter mud, Yellow Phosphorous Slag powder etc., production process is simple mechanical abrasive dust mixing.Because these materials mostly are insolubles, it is low that this just causes active constituent content in amendment, and content fluctuation is large and composition is unstable, and the alkalescence of lime is too strong, can bring harm to the growth of crop; (2) soil compaction or heavy metal contamination is often caused.As lime or Wingdale, using in a large number of rhombspar can cause soil compaction; All containing heavy metal and radioelement such as a certain amount of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, chromium in phosphogypsum, ground phosphate rock and flyash, can to soil---farm crop---food safety brings harm.
Industry calcium silicate board with microporous as a kind of New Building Materials, widespread use building material industry, but as preparing the raw material of moderate-element acidic soil conditioner, rarely have research both at home and abroad.This is for the added value improving industrial silico-calcium board waste material, and develop a circular economy, the road walking Sustainable development is significant.
The present invention will be devoted to the resource utilization degree improving calcium silicon plate.Specifically in industrial silico-calcium board waste material, add the compounds such as calcium, magnesium, sulphur, and adopt homemade low temperature additive, silicon in calcium silicate board with microporous waste material is activated further, together with other component added, being combined into the moderate-element such as silicon, calcium, magnesium, sulphur that acid soil is badly in need of together is main nutrient type acid soil amendment.
Summary of the invention
A kind of calcium silicate board with microporous that utilizes of the present invention activates the method for producing moderate-element acidic soil conditioner, by adding the component such as white clay, rhombspar in calcium silicate board with microporous, and under the effect helping additive, calcium in calcium silicate board with microporous, silicon components are activated, together with the calcium in white clay and rhombspar, sulphur, magnesium, chlorine, to be combined into calcium, silicon, magnesium, sulphur, chlorine be main component, with the moderate-element acidic soil conditioner of weakly alkaline feature.
This invention takes following technical process:
According to mass percent, calcium silicate board with microporous waste material 20% ~ 80%, white clay 6% ~ 60%, rhombspar 5% ~ 65%, helps additive A and B1% ~ 5%, composition mixture material, wherein helps additive A to be more than one in potassium felspar sand, white mica, illite or salt of wormwood; Help additive B to be more than one in saltcake, salt or Sodium Fluoride, help the mass ratio between additive A and B to be 1:0.5 ~ 1:2.Mixture is carried out ball milling, is milled to particle diameter and is less than 0.10mm; Then mixture oven dry is less than 6% to water ratio; Become particle diameter to be the spherolite of 1 ~ 2cm the mixture forming process after drying, and enter in activation kiln and carry out calcination activation, temperature controls at 800 ~ 1100 DEG C, roasting time 0.5 ~ 4 hour; Spherolite after activation carries out cooling, pulverizing, obtained mineral matter nutritional type acidic soil conditioner; And be packaged into bag.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
(1) raw materials for production are made up of natural mineral mostly, have draw materials conveniently, with low cost, reduce by more than 50% than existing production cost;
(2) in the nutrient type acid soil amendment produced, moderate-element component is complete, can reach the effect of balance fertilizing.
(3) utilize and special help additive, activation temperature can be made from traditional 1200 DEG C, in more than 5 hours reaction times, shorten to 800 ~ 1100 DEG C, roasting time 0.5 ~ 4 hour, the energy consumption in production process reduces greatly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 produces moderate-element acidic soil conditioner process flow diagram for utilizing calcium silicate board with microporous.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
embodiment 1
Certain fertilizer company is a kind of scale state owned enterprise producing composite fertilizer.Adopt this explained hereafter moderate-element acidic soil conditioner, can be used as filling and join in composite fertilizer, make its nutritive ingredient more comprehensive and balanced, and production cost have dropped nearly 55%.Its technical process as shown in Figure 1.Mineral raw material (according to the mass percent) compatibility adopted is: calcium silicate board with microporous waste material 50%, white clay 37%, rhombspar 12%, helps additive A and B to be 1%, wherein helps additive A to be potassium felspar sand+white mica (mass ratio 1:1); Help additive B to be saltcake+salt (mass ratio 1:1), help the weight consumption ratio between additive A and B to be also 1:1.Above-mentioned mineral raw material is fully mixed, and carries out ball milling, be milled to particle diameter and be less than 0.074mm; Then mixture oven dry is less than 5% to water ratio; By dry after mixture forming process become particle diameter to be about the spherolite of 2cm, and enter activation kiln in carry out calcination activation, temperature controls at 900 DEG C, roasting time 1 hour.Carry out after activation cooling, pulverizing, can be made into mineral matter nutritional type acidic soil conditioner.Wherein learnt by the inspection of third party's composition: the available nutrient in the acidic soil conditioner of production is greater than 72%, wherein the efficient oxidation calcium is greater than 27%, effective silicon-dioxide is greater than 22%, the efficient oxidation magnesium is greater than 6%, effective sulphur trioxide is greater than 6%, available chlorine content is greater than 2.5%, and containing various trace elements.The pH=10.2 of product, production cost can be controlled in less than 550 yuan/ton.It is a kind of nutrient type acid soil amendment containing multiple moderate-element.
embodiment 2
Shanxi fertilizer company adopts material (according to the mass percent) compatibility of this explained hereafter moderate-element acidic soil conditioner to be: calcium silicate board with microporous waste material 37%, white clay 51%, rhombspar 10%, helps additive A and B to be 2%, wherein helps additive A to be illite+salt of wormwood (mass ratio 1:1); Help additive B to be salt+Sodium Fluoride (mass ratio 1:1), help the mass ratio between additive A and B to be 1:2.Its technical process is: fully mixed by above-mentioned mineral raw material, and carries out ball milling, is milled to particle diameter and is less than 0.090mm; Then mixture oven dry is less than 6% to water ratio; By dry after mixture forming process become particle diameter to be about the spherolite of 1.5cm, and enter activation kiln in carry out calcination activation, temperature controls at 950 DEG C, roasting time 1.5 hours.Spherolite after activation carries out cooling, pulverizing, and can be made into mineral matter nutritional type acidic soil conditioner.Wherein learnt by the inspection of third party's composition: in the product of production, available nutrient is greater than 65%, and wherein the efficient oxidation calcium is greater than 31%, and effective silicon-dioxide is greater than 21%, the efficient oxidation magnesium is greater than 5.5%, effective sulphur trioxide is greater than 5.4%, and available chlorine content is greater than 3.0%, and containing various trace elements.The pH=11.3 of product, production cost can be controlled in less than 520 yuan/ton.It is a kind of nutrient type acid soil amendment containing multiple moderate-element.
embodiment 3
Guangdong fertilizer company is a kind of large-scale private enterprise producing soil conditioner.Adopt this explained hereafter moderate-element amendment, production cost have dropped nearly 51%, raw material (according to the mass percent) compatibility adopted is: calcium silicate board with microporous waste material 60%, white clay 28%, rhombspar 11%, help additive A and B to be 1%, wherein help additive A to be illite+white mica (mass ratio 1:1); Help additive B to be saltcake+Sodium Fluoride (mass ratio 1:1), help the mass ratio between additive A and B to be 1:0.75.Its technical process is: fully mixed by above-mentioned mineral raw material, and carries out ball milling, is milled to particle diameter and is less than 0.074mm; Then mixture oven dry is less than 5% to water ratio; Drying powder forming process becomes particle diameter to be about the spherolite of 2cm, and enters in activation kiln and carry out calcination activation, and temperature controls at 1050 DEG C, roasting time 40 minutes.Spherolite after activation carries out cooling, pulverizing, and can be made into mineral matter nutritional type acidic soil conditioner.Wherein learnt by the inspection of third party's composition: the available nutrient in product is greater than 63%, and wherein the efficient oxidation calcium is greater than 27%, and effective silicon-dioxide is greater than 22%, the efficient oxidation magnesium is greater than 6%, effective sulphur trioxide is greater than 6%, and available chlorine content is greater than 2%, and containing various trace elements.The pH=11.2 of product, production cost can be controlled in 530 yuan/ton.It is a kind of nutrient type acid soil amendment.

Claims (5)

1. utilize industrial silico-calcium board waste material to produce a method for moderate-element acidic soil conditioner, it is characterized by, raw materials for production by percentage to the quality, by following material composition mixture material:
Industry silico-calcium board waste material 20 ~ 80
White clay 6 ~ 60
Rhombspar 5 ~ 65
Help additive A and B1 ~ 5;
Again by said mixture material through ball milling, dry, forming process, calcination activation, cooling, pulverize, obtained mineral matter nutritional type acidic soil conditioner, is finally packaged into bag; The described additive B that helps is more than one in saltcake, salt or Sodium Fluoride; The described additive A that helps is more than one in potassium felspar sand, white mica, illite or salt of wormwood; Describedly the mass ratio between additive A and B is helped to be 1:0.5 ~ 1:2.
2. a kind of method utilizing industrial silico-calcium board waste material to produce moderate-element acidic soil conditioner according to claim 1, it is characterized by, described ball milling is less than 0.10mm for mixture is milled to particle diameter.
3. a kind of method utilizing industrial silico-calcium board waste material to produce moderate-element acidic soil conditioner according to claim 1, is characterized by, and described oven dry is that mixture oven dry is less than 6% to water ratio.
4. a kind of method utilizing industrial silico-calcium board waste material to produce moderate-element acidic soil conditioner according to claim 1, is characterized by, and described forming process the mixture forming process after drying is become particle diameter to be the spherolite of 1 ~ 2cm.
5. a kind of method utilizing industrial silico-calcium board waste material to produce moderate-element acidic soil conditioner according to claim 1, it is characterized by, the temperature of described calcination activation controls at 800 ~ 1100 DEG C, and the time is 0.5 ~ 4 hour.
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