CN103435305A - Basalt fiber concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Basalt fiber concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103435305A CN103435305A CN2013103696284A CN201310369628A CN103435305A CN 103435305 A CN103435305 A CN 103435305A CN 2013103696284 A CN2013103696284 A CN 2013103696284A CN 201310369628 A CN201310369628 A CN 201310369628A CN 103435305 A CN103435305 A CN 103435305A
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Abstract
The invention discloses basalt fiber concrete and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to concrete. The concrete consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 14-19 parts of cement, 29-39 parts of sand, 35-44 parts of stones, 1-4 parts of active admixture, 0.05-0.8 part of basalt short fiber, 0.05-1 part of other short fiber, 6-8.5 parts of water, 0.05-0.15 part of CTF synergist and 0.05-0.2 part of a water reducing agent. Through the addition of the basalt fiber that is in net-form distribution to the concrete, both toughness and anti-cracking performance of the concrete are effectively improved; the concrete, which is prepared depending on the proportions and by the preparation method, has the advantages that the maximum crack width is reduced by 44.8-89.7%, the average cracking area is reduced by 19.7-92.6%, the crack quantity in unit area is reduced by 22.7-25.2%, the total cracking area in the unit area is reduced by 1.7-94.5%, the frost resistance is enhanced by 37-50% and the shock resistance is improved by more than twice; the concrete can be used for effectively avoiding various defects of existing conventional concrete.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of concrete, in particular, the present invention relates generally to a kind of basalt fibre concrete and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Concrete is a kind of heterogeneous composite material, each composition material nature difference, and affected by the factors such as raw material, technique, maintenance, construction, inevitably exist microfracture in concrete.The existence in these cracks, reduce concrete strength, is brittle rupture.Concrete mixes mineral admixture and chemical admixture, although can improve concrete density and intensity.But simultaneously poor, the crack of toughness of concrete, drying shrinkage and fragility problem also seem more outstanding.At present, by add fiber improve concrete performance research more be steel fiber, polypropylene fibre, glass fibre, carbon fiber and vinylon fibre etc., as mixed-fiber reinforced concrete (application number: 201010116108.9), mix type of wire form steel fiber, milling type steel fibers, polypropylene fibre in concrete.Steel fiber is perishable in cement concrete, and applied environment is limited, does not eliminate that the intrinsic tensile strength of concrete is low, the weakness of poor toughness, due to than great, and the constructing operation difficulty, steel fiber should fall to concrete base, causes the steel fiber skewness.Simultaneously, on concrete topping due to the cause of steel fiber, easy puncturing tyre, road-ability is also bad, noise is large.Although polypropylene fibre easy construction, chemical stabilization, strength and modulus is low, low with the cement concrete consistency, and in extraneous factor effects such as heat, oxygen, ultraviolet rays, chemical reaction occurs for next, loses certain use properties.The glass fibre alkali resistance is low, poor with the cement consistency, and property is crisp.And carbon fiber is expensive, in the engineering application, be subject to certain restrictions.Therefore be necessary the proportioning based on existing fibrous concrete, it is done to further research and improvement.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention is to solve above-mentioned deficiency, a kind of basalt fibre concrete and preparation method thereof is provided, poor with toughness of concrete in expectation solution prior art, and in using, crack and drying shrinkage phenomenon are obvious, adding fortifying fibre easily counteracts its use, and chemical property is unstable, cost is than the high-technology problem.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of basalt fibre concrete, described concrete comprises in weight ratio: the cement of 14 to 19 parts, the sand of 1 to 39 part, the stone of 1 to 44 part, the active admixture of 1 to 4 part, the short basalt fiber of 0.05 to 0.8 part, 0.05 other staple fibres to 1 part, the water of 6 to 8.5 parts, the CTF synergistic agent of 0.05 to 0.15 part, the water reducer of 0.05 to 0.2 part.
As preferably, further technical scheme is: the maximum particle diameter of described stone is less than or equal to 31.5 millimeters.
Further technical scheme is: the chopped length of described short basalt fiber is 2 to 36 millimeters, and is net distribution in concrete; Described basalt fibre tensile strength is greater than 2000MPa, and Young's modulus is higher than 85GPa.
Further technical scheme is: described water reducer be in the middle of ordinary water-reducing agent, high efficiency water reducing agent, gas tracting subtractive agent, retardation water reducing agent, efficient retardation water reducing agent, early strength water-reducing agent, efficient early strength water-reducing agent any one or multiple.
Further technical scheme is: described active admixture is natural class active mineral admixture or artificial class active mineral admixture; Wherein natural class active mineral admixture is any one or the multiple mixture in the middle of volcanic ash, tuff-powder, diatomite, protein clay, calcium clay and clay shale; Artificial class active mineral admixture is central any one of rice hull ash, calcining shale, clay, zeolite powder, silicon ash, flyash, shrend blast furnace slag powder powder, calcining coal gangue or multiple.
Further technical scheme is: described active mineral admixture is the particle level that fine grinding forms.
The present invention also provides a kind of above-mentioned basalt fibre concrete preparation method on the other hand, and described preparation method comprises the steps:
Steps A, cement, active admixture, sand and short basalt fiber are added in stirrer and to stir for the first set time;
Step B, the handstone in stone is mixed to compound stirred for the second set time, the larger stone in stone is mixed to compound and stirred for the 3rd set time;
Step C, after basalt fibre is dispersed in compound, add water reducer, CTF synergistic agent and water in stirrer, and continue to stir for the 4th set time;
Step D, the compound that stirring is completed add die for molding, and after its sclerosis, the demoulding is prepared by concrete.
As preferably, further technical scheme is: before the compound in described step D, stirring completed adds mould, at first at mould inner surface, apply releasing agent.
Further technical scheme is: at first described steps A adds part sand in stirrer, and then adds cement, fiber, active mineral admixture, finally on surface, mixes residue sand, makes compound form interlayer before being stirred.
Further technical scheme is: described the first set time is 30 to 90 seconds, and the second set time was 30 to 60 seconds, and the 3rd set time was 30 to 60 seconds, and the 4th set time was 100 to 240 seconds.
Compared with prior art, one of beneficial effect of the present invention is: by add the basalt fibre that is net distribution in concrete, effectively improve concrete toughness and anti crack performance, through contriver's experiment, draw, the concrete that adopts proportioning of the present invention and preparation method to obtain, maximum crack width reduces by 44.8% to 89.7%, average area of cracks reduces by 19.7% to 92.6%, unit surface crack number reduces by 22.7% to 25.2%, the total area of cracks of unit surface reduces by 1.7% to 94.5%, frost resistance improves 37% to 50%, more than shock resistance improves twice, effectively improve existing all kinds of defects in current conventional concrete use, making method of the present invention is simple simultaneously, adopt the basalt short fiber lower as the fortifying fibre production cost, be suitable on all kinds of road surfaces, architecture storey, on bridge, use, range of application is wide.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is for the process flow sheet of one embodiment of the invention is described.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further elaborated.
A kind of basalt fibre concrete provided by the present invention, wherein should comprise the cement of 14 to 19 parts by weight percentage, the sand of 1 to 39 part, the stone of 1 to 44 part, the active admixture of 1 to 4 part, the short basalt fiber of 0.05 to 0.8 part, 0.05 other staple fibres to 1 part, the water of 6 to 8.5 parts, the CTF synergistic agent of 0.05 to 0.15 part, the water reducer of 0.05 to 0.2 part.Specific embodiment is as follows:
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, using double centner as the proportioning gross weight, comprising the cement of 19 kilograms, the sand of 33.79 kilograms, the stone of 35 kilograms, the blast furnace slag powder of 2 kilograms, the flyash of 1.5 kilograms, the short basalt fiber of 0.05 kilogram, 0.06 the glass fibre of kilogram, 8.5 the water of kilogram, the CTF synergistic agent of 0.05 kilogram, 0.05 kilogram of water reducer.
The water reducer adopted in the present embodiment and following embodiment can be selected the broad varietys such as ordinary water-reducing agent, high efficiency water reducing agent, gas tracting subtractive agent, retardation water reducing agent, efficient retardation water reducing agent, early strength water-reducing agent, efficient early strength water-reducing agent, also can select two or more to be configured to mixture and be added in concrete.
According to said ratio, shown in figure 1, can carry out concrete preparation according to following step:
Step 1, sand, cement, flyash, blast furnace slag powder, sand and short basalt fiber are added in stirrer and to stir 30 seconds;
Step 2, handstone is mixed to compound stir 30 seconds;
Step 3, material to be mixed are mixed boulder after evenly and are stirred 30 seconds;
Step 4, after basalt fibre is dispersed in compound, add water reducer, CTF synergistic agent and water in stirrer, and continue to stir 120 seconds;
Step 5, the compound that stirring is completed add in mould, and after its sclerosis, the demoulding is prepared by concrete.
Step 6, concrete is carried out to normal curing.
In the present embodiment, preferably adopt the forced stirrer ready-mixed concrete to carry out ready-mixed concrete, adopt the alr mode of first dry mixing, rear wet-mixing.Dry mixing makes basalt chopped fiber dispersed in compound, then mixes water reducer, CTF synergistic agent and water and carry out the moistening slurry that stirs into, then pours into a mould in mould.The present embodiment is prepared the effect no significant difference that concrete presents, and especially is suitable for road and bridge to build
Embodiment 2
One embodiment of the present of invention are a kind of basalt fibre concrete, using 300 kilograms as the proportioning gross weight, comprising the cement of 52 kilograms, the sand of double centner, the stone of 111 kilograms, the volcanic ash of 3 kilograms, the diatomite of 3 kilograms, 0.3 the short basalt fiber of kilogram, the aramid fiber of 1 kilogram, the water of 20.4 kilograms, 0.24 the CTF synergistic agent of kilogram, 0.3 the kilogram water reducer, the mixture of the zeolite powder of 6 kilograms and silicon ash, the calcining metakaolin powder of 2.76 kilograms and the mixture of rice hull ash.
In the present embodiment, for guaranteeing the mobility of compound, preferably adopt the starting material of particle level in the selection of material, the particle diameter of routine stone described above need be less than or equal to 31.5 millimeters.
According to said ratio, shown in figure 1, can carry out concrete preparation according to following step:
Step 1, the mixture of sand, cement, diatomite, volcanic ash, sand, short basalt fiber and calcining metakaolin powder and rice hull ash is added in stirrer to stirring 40 seconds;
Step 2, handstone is mixed to compound stir 30 seconds;
Step 3, material to be mixed are mixed boulder after evenly and are stirred 60 seconds;
Step 4, after basalt fibre is dispersed in compound, add water reducer, CTF synergistic agent and water in stirrer, and continue to stir 150 seconds;
Step 5, the compound that stirring is completed add in mould, and after its sclerosis, the demoulding is prepared by concrete.At first the blast furnace slag powder in this step, for preventing that concrete and mould are solidified as one and cause demoulding difficulty, before the compound that stirring is completed adds mould, can apply releasing agent at mould inner surface.
Step 6, concrete is carried out to normal curing.
In this test of contriver, the concrete briquet good toughness of producing, surface is comparatively smooth with respect to the concrete of steel fiber, and stable chemical nature, basalt short fiber in concrete at high temperature is difficult for deforming simultaneously, use the temperature of environment less on the impact of concrete road surface or bridge floor toughness, the possibility that crack occurs is lower.
Embodiment 3
One embodiment of the present of invention are a kind of basalt fibre concrete, using 500 kilograms as the proportioning gross weight, cement comprising 90 kilograms, the sand of 180 kilograms, the stone of 175 kilograms, the blast furnace slag powder of 7 kilograms, the flyash of 6 kilograms, 2.5 the short basalt fiber of kilogram, 3 kg fiberglass, the water of 30 kilograms, 0.5 the CTF synergistic agent of kilogram, 0.75 the kilogram water reducer, the silicon ash of 4.5 kilograms and the mixture of tuff-powder, the calcium clay of 0.75 kilogram and the mixture of calcining coal gangue.
In the present embodiment, for guaranteeing the mobility of compound, on selecting, material preferably adopts the starting material of particle level, except adopting particle diameter, need are less than or equal to the stone of 31.5 millimeters, above-mentioned blast furnace slag powder also needs the particle level that adopts fine grinding to form, and at the mixture that has added the silicon ash with tuff-powder, and after the mixture in limestone powder and the higher ridge of calcining, further improve compound in dry mobility in stirring process; And by the fine mineral admixture mixed in concrete, price is low, have certain hydration activity, can replacing partial cement, water demand ratio cement little (being less than 100%), grain composition is closed the mobility that can effectively improve mixture simultaneously.
According to said ratio, shown in figure 1, can carry out concrete preparation according to following step:
Blast furnace slag powder step 1, the mixture of sand, cement, flyash, blast furnace slag powder, sand, short basalt fiber and calcium clay and calcining coal gangue is added in stirrer and to stir 60 seconds;
Step 2, handstone is mixed to compound stir 30 seconds;
Step 3, material to be mixed are mixed boulder after evenly and are stirred 60 seconds;
Step 4, after basalt fibre is dispersed in compound, add water reducer, CTF synergistic agent and water in stirrer, and continue to stir 180 seconds;
Step 5, the compound that stirring is completed add in mould, and after its sclerosis, the demoulding is prepared by concrete.In this step, for preventing that concrete and mould are solidified as one and cause demoulding difficulty, before the compound that stirring is completed adds mould, can at first at mould inner surface, apply releasing agent.
Step 6, concrete is carried out to normal curing.
Embodiment 4
One embodiment of the present of invention are a kind of basalt fibre concrete, using 1000 kilograms as the proportioning gross weight, comprising the cement of 140 kilograms, the sand of 346 kilograms, the stone of 405 kilograms, the blast furnace slag powder of 5 kilograms, the flyash of 5 kilograms, the short basalt fiber of 8 kilograms, 9 kilograms of aramid fibers, the water of 60 kilograms, 1.5 the CTF synergistic agent of kilogram, 2 kilograms of water reducers, the zeolite powder of 12 kilograms and the mixture of limestone powder, the zeolite powder of 6.5 kilograms and calcining Shale Mixture.
In the present embodiment, for guaranteeing the mobility of compound, preferably adopt the starting material of particle level in the selection of material, the particle diameter of example stone described above need be less than or equal to 31.5 millimeters, simultaneously for to make the basalt short fiber play to greatest extent the effect of enhancing in concrete, can its chopped length be set to irregular 2 to 36 millimeters, and be net distribution in concrete.
Same, according to said ratio, and, with reference to shown in figure 1, according to following step, carry out concrete preparation:
Step 1, sand, cement, flyash, blast furnace slag powder, sand, short basalt fiber and zeolite powder and calcining Shale Mixture are added in stirrer and stir 90 seconds;
In this step, for preventing that compound from adding in the process of stirrer airborne dust too much, at first preferred operating method for adding part sand in stirrer, form the first layer, and then add cement, flyash, blast furnace slag powder and zeolite powder and calcining Shale Mixture are placed in the top of sand, form the second layer, finally add sand and basalt fibre to cover cement, the top of flyash and blast furnace slag powder, form the 3rd layer, remaining sand is being added in to the top of the 3rd layer, make compound form interlayer before being stirred, and then too much airborne dust appears while preventing from adding compound in stirrer.
Step 2, after basalt fibre is dispersed in compound, add handstone in stirrer, and continue to stir 30 seconds;
Step 3, material to be mixed are mixed boulder after evenly and are stirred 40 seconds;
Step 4, after basalt fibre is dispersed in compound, add water reducer, CTF synergistic agent and water in stirrer, and continue to stir 240 seconds;
Step 5, the compound that stirring is completed add in mould, and after its sclerosis, the demoulding is prepared by concrete.In this step, for preventing that concrete and mould are solidified as one and cause demoulding difficulty, before the compound that stirring is completed adds mould, can at first at mould inner surface, apply releasing agent.
Because basalt fibre is typical ceramic fibre, adopt special treating compound to process, dispersed, good with the concrete consistency.Concrete adopts and first is dry mixed, the stirring technique of rear wet-mixing, and basalt fibre is monofilament in concrete, and evenly random distribution, not agglomerating.Basalt fibre Young's modulus 90-115GPa, obvious to the negative function of concrete capillary pressure, thus reduced the pore total pressure, so the concrete contraction of basalt fibre is far smaller than the contraction of plain concrete.
In the situation that conventional, in above-mentioned basalt fibre concrete unit cubic centimetre, 200 to 1100 staple fibre monofilament are arranged, evenly disorderly to distributed in three dimensions, form spatial grid structure.The physical mechanics effect of larger amt chopped strand, stop the microfracture development, consume internal stress, the growth and development that has suppressed the fine fisssure gap that concrete shrinkage, temperature contracting, chemical shrinkage cause, improve concrete globality, snappiness, continuity, thereby strengthen concrete cracking resistance, anti-permeability performance, tensile strength, low temperature flexibility and shock resistance.
By add the basalt fibre that is net distribution in concrete, effectively improve concrete toughness and anti crack performance, through contriver's experiment, draw, the concrete that adopts proportioning of the present invention and preparation method to obtain, maximum crack width reduces by 44.8% to 89.7%, average area of cracks reduces by 19.7% to 92.6%, unit surface crack number reduces by 22.7% to 25.2%, the total area of cracks of unit surface reduces by 1.7% to 94.5%, frost resistance improves 37% to 50%, more than shock resistance improves twice, effectively improve existing all kinds of defects in current conventional concrete use.
Except above-mentioned, also it should be noted that " embodiment ", " another embodiment " that spoken of in this manual, " embodiment " etc., refer to specific features, structure or the characteristics described in conjunction with this embodiment and be included at least one embodiment that the application's generality describes.In specification sheets, a plurality of local appearance statement of the same race is not necessarily to refer to same embodiment.Furthermore, while in conjunction with arbitrary embodiment, describing a specific features, structure or characteristics, what advocate is to realize that in conjunction with other embodiment this feature, structure or characteristics also fall within the scope of the invention.
Although with reference to a plurality of explanatory embodiment of the present invention, invention has been described here, but, should be appreciated that, those skilled in the art can design a lot of other modification and embodiments, and these are revised and within embodiment will drop on the disclosed principle scope and spirit of the application.More particularly, in the scope of, accompanying drawing open in the application and claim, can carry out multiple modification and improvement to building block and/or the layout of subject combination layout.Except modification that building block and/or layout are carried out with improving, to those skilled in the art, other purposes will be also obvious.
Claims (10)
1. a basalt fibre concrete, it is characterized in that described concrete comprises in weight ratio: the cement of 14 to 19 parts, the sand of 1 to 39 part, the stone of 1 to 44 part, the active admixture of 1 to 4 part, the short basalt fiber of 0.05 to 0.8 part, 0.05 other staple fibres to 1 part, the water of 6 to 8.5 parts, the CTF synergistic agent of 0.05 to 0.15 part, the water reducer of 0.05 to 0.2 part.
2. basalt fibre concrete according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the maximum particle diameter of described stone is less than or equal to 31.5 millimeters.
3. basalt fibre concrete according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the chopped length of described short basalt fiber is 2 to 36 millimeters, and is net distribution in concrete; Described basalt fibre tensile strength is greater than 2000MPa, and Young's modulus is higher than 85GPa.
4. basalt fibre concrete according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described water reducer be in the middle of ordinary water-reducing agent, high efficiency water reducing agent, gas tracting subtractive agent, retardation water reducing agent, efficient retardation water reducing agent, early strength water-reducing agent, efficient early strength water-reducing agent any one or multiple.
5. basalt fibre concrete according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described active admixture is natural class active mineral admixture or artificial class active mineral admixture; Wherein natural class active mineral admixture is any one or the multiple mixture in the middle of volcanic ash, tuff-powder, diatomite, protein clay, calcium clay and clay shale; Artificial class active mineral admixture is central any one of rice hull ash, calcining shale, clay, zeolite powder, silicon ash, flyash, blast furnace slag powder, calcining coal gangue or multiple.
6. basalt fibre concrete according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterized in that: described active mineral admixture is the particle level that fine grinding forms.
7. the concrete preparation method of the described basalt fibre of claim 1 to 6 any one, is characterized in that described preparation method comprises the steps:
Steps A, cement, active admixture, sand and short basalt fiber are added in stirrer and to stir for the first set time;
Step B, the handstone in stone is mixed to compound stirred for the second set time, the larger stone in stone is mixed to compound and stirred for the 3rd set time;
Step C, after basalt fibre is dispersed in compound, add water reducer, CTF synergistic agent and water in stirrer, and continue to stir for the 4th set time;
Step D, the compound that stirring is completed add die for molding, and after its sclerosis, the demoulding is prepared by concrete.
8. the concrete preparation method of basalt fibre according to claim 7, is characterized in that: before the compound in described step D, stirring completed adds mould, at first at mould inner surface, apply releasing agent.
9. the concrete preparation method of basalt fibre according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: at first described steps A adds part sand in stirrer, and then add cement, fiber, active mineral admixture, finally on surface, mix residue sand, make compound form interlayer before being stirred.
10. according to the concrete preparation method of the described basalt fibre of claim 7 to 9 any one, it is characterized in that: described the first set time is 30 to 90 seconds, the second set time was 30 to 60 seconds, and the 3rd set time was 30 to 60 seconds, and the 4th set time was 100 to 240 seconds.
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