CN103433315A - Method for reinforcing hydrostatic extrusion deformation of high-speed steel - Google Patents
Method for reinforcing hydrostatic extrusion deformation of high-speed steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN103433315A CN103433315A CN2013103714494A CN201310371449A CN103433315A CN 103433315 A CN103433315 A CN 103433315A CN 2013103714494 A CN2013103714494 A CN 2013103714494A CN 201310371449 A CN201310371449 A CN 201310371449A CN 103433315 A CN103433315 A CN 103433315A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reinforcing hydrostatic extrusion deformation of high-speed steel. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) designing a die; (2) calculating the size of a W18Cr4V high-speed steel blank according to the designed extrusion deformation in accordance with the size of the die, and processing the W18Cr4V high-speed steel blank; (3) assembling the die; (4) mounting the assembled W18Cr4V high-speed steel blank and the die into a hydrostatic extrusion device and fixing the tail part of the die; (5) sealing an extrusion rod by using a sealing device and mounting the extrusion rod on an extruder, hoisting an extrusion cylinder on a hydraulic machine and filling hydraulic oil in the cylinder; (6) closing the die, setting the extrusion pressure and starting the extruder to perform hydrostatic extrusion deformation; and (7) performing die releasing process. Compared with the prior art, the method for reinforcing hydrostatic extrusion deformation of high-speed steel has the advantages of high surface smooth finish of the product and high material utilization rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of forming method of W18Cr4V high-speed steel.
Background technology
W18Cr4V is that tungsten is high-speed steel, has high hardness, red hardness and high temperature hardness.It is overheated that its heat treatment wider range quenching is difficult for, and heat treatment process is difficult for oxidation and decarbonization, and the grinding performance is better.This steel hardness when 500 ℃ and 600 ℃ remains on respectively HRC57～58 and HRC52～53, for a large amount of, general machined material, has good cutting ability.At tool die material, multiple roll roll, high temperature spring, high-temperature bearing with take aspect the part that high temperature, high strength, anti-wear performance is major requirement and be used widely.Yet there are following problem in traditional forging, rolling mill practice in W18Cr4V high-speed steel process:
(1) plasticity is poor because W18Cr4V high-speed steel alloy content is high, and the eutectic carbide quantity that alloying element forms is many and distributed pole is inhomogeneous, causes the plasticity of W18Cr4V high-speed steel very poor, is unfavorable for processing with plastic processing method;
(2) complex parts easy-formation not, the large W18Cr4V high-speed steel of resistance of deformation poor thermal conductivity when high temperature forging, thick carbide has cut off the metallic matrix continuity, greatly reduce obdurability, resistance of deformation and sclerosis tendentiousness are large, and the forging difficulty is large, and complex parts are easy-formation not;
(3) be prone to crackle W18Cr4V Forging Technology of High Speed Steel complexity, need to carry out preheating before forging, need strictly control initial forging temperature and final forging temperature during forging well, easily form blank integral body during forging and burst apart, forge cross crack, chink, the side surface defect such as longitudinal crack, surperficial transversal crack vertically, stock utilization is low, it is little that forging adds man-hour deflection, need carry out repeated multiple times, multiway forging, forges difficulty large.
Just because of the existence of above these problems, cause the W18Cr4V high-speed steel when forging, spillage of material is serious.The cutting loss that high temperature scaling loss and follow-up machined cause when not calculating forging, light Forging Technology itself will cause valuable high speed steel material loss 15% left and right, sometimes even up to 50%.For the accurate W18Cr4V rapid steel tool of small bore material, because forging ratio is large, forging times is many, and the stock utilization of W18Cr4V high-speed steel is just lower.Therefore, seeking advanced machining technology obtains higher stock utilization and seems very important for the shaping of W18Cr4V high-speed steel.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is that for the above-mentioned state of the art, to provide under a kind of room temperature be achievable high-speed steel hydrostatic liquid extrusion pressing deforming strengthening method.
It is highly polished that another technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of product surface, the high-speed steel hydrostatic liquid extrusion pressing deforming strengthening method that stock utilization is high.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of high-speed steel hydrostatic liquid extrusion pressing deforming strengthening method that is specially adapted to the shaping of the accurate complicated rapid steel tool of small bore.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme: a kind of high-speed steel hydrostatic liquid extrusion pressing deforming strengthening method is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1. designing mould;
2. according to die size, by the extrusion deformation degree calculating W18Cr4V high-speed steel blank dimension of design, and process W18Cr4V high-speed steel blank;
3. by W18Cr4V high-speed steel blank and die assembly to together with, with sealing device, seal;
4. the W18Cr4V high-speed steel blank and the mould that assemble are installed in the hydrostatic extrusion device, and the mould afterbody is fixed;
5. pressure ram is sealed and is installed to sealing device on extruder, the lifting recipient is filled it up with hydraulic oil on hydraulic press and in cylinder;
6. matched moulds, set squeeze pressure, opens extruder, and W18Cr4V high-speed steel blank is carried out to hydrostatic liquid extrusion pressing deforming;
7. take out W18Cr4V high-speed steel blank after the extruding, carry out demoulding processing.
As preferably, the extrusion deformation degree of step described in 2. is designed to 10%～45%, and the best is 30%
The squeeze pressure of step described in 6. is 500MPa～1200MPa, and the best is 800MPa.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) when hydrostatic extrusion, in the three-dimensional compressive stress state, and the plasticity of material increases along with the enhancing of compression material, thereby the plasticity of deformable material can be improved because of hydrostatic extrusion.This distortion to material is very favourable;
(2) with container wall, directly do not contact during material crimp, high-pressure medium is well lubricated with material simultaneously, and frictional force reduces greatly, and the distortion of material is comparatively even.Thereby after material deformation, the uniformity in the transverse and longitudinal performance is higher;
(3) do not forge the thick stage during material crimp, and blank and mould be in the hydrodynamic lubrication state, so suffered frictional force reduces greatly during crimp, also less to the wearing and tearing of mould, the product surface fineness squeezed out is higher;
(4) material suffered frictional force when crimp is less, thereby extruding force is little than common mechanical presses.Under same squeeze pressure, can realize larger extrusion ratio;
(5) material is when hydrostatic extrusion, and extrusion speed is fast, and the finished size precision is high, and the range of work is wider, and the draw ratio of extruded product is higher.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is embodiment 1 pressurizing unit structural representation.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment is described in further detail the present invention.
Adopt deformation strengthening method of the present invention to prepare 3 batches of W18Cr4V high-speed steel blanks.Die size is chosen φ 20mm, for the bar raw material extrusion deformation degree, following computing formula is arranged:
In formula: φ---deflection, %;
D---blank diameter, mm;
D---extruded product diameter or die working length diameter; Mm.
The deflection that the present invention chooses is 10%～45%.Along with the increase of extrusion deformation degree, extruding force also increases thereupon.According to material property, squeeze pressure can be chosen 500MPa～1200MPa.
Embodiment 1:
The design variations amount is 10%, and the goods diameter after extruding is φ 20mm.Shown in Fig. 1, processing step is as follows:
1 designing mould, determine the extrusion die size according to the diameter of goods after extruding, and mold shape is designed to spill, and the mould outlet diameter is processed as φ 20mm.
2 sizes of the deflection according to mould outlet size and design are calculated blank dimension, and obtaining blank dimension is φ 21.08mm, according to this dimensioned high-speed steel blank 5.It is excessive that the blank front end is processed into tapering, to guarantee being tightly connected of blank and mould 7.This tapering refers to the angle of the blank conical surface and vertical center line, and angle is too little, when extruding, can't realize sealing; Too greatly can strengthen extruding force, unfavorable to being out of shape.Therefore be advisable with 30 ° ± 0.2 °, as follows.
3 adopt 6 pairs of extrusion dies 7 of extrusion die sealing devices to be sealed, then high-speed steel blank 5 and extrusion die 7 are assembled, and lubricant grease is coated in junction are lubricated, and grease is selected the SA dibutyl ester.
4 are installed to extrusion die 7 the high-speed steel blank 5 assembled in recipient 2, and guarantee being sealed and matched of itself and base.Adopt 3 pairs of pressure rams 1 of pressure ram sealing device to be sealed, then, to the interior injection liquid force feed 4 of recipient 2, hydraulic oil is selected castor oil.
5 open extruder, and slowly pressurization makes pressure ram 1 fall to realizing hydrostatic liquid extrusion pressing deforming, and the high-speed steel blank completes distortion under the pressure of 420MPa left and right.
6 rise pressure ram 1, take out the high-speed steel blank after being out of shape, and carry out demoulding processing, obtain finished product.
The present embodiment is without heat treatment the time, and tensile strength reaches the 800MPa left and right.
Embodiment 2:
The design variations amount is 30%, and the goods diameter after extruding is φ 20mm.Processing step is as follows:
1 designing mould, determine the extrusion die size according to the diameter of goods after extruding, and mold shape is designed to spill, and the mould outlet diameter is processed as φ 20mm.
2 sizes of the deflection according to mould outlet size and design are calculated blank dimension, and obtaining blank dimension is φ 23.91mm, according to this dimensioned high-speed steel blank 5.It is excessive that the blank front end is processed into tapering, to guarantee being tightly connected of blank and mould 7.This tapering refers to the angle of the blank conical surface and vertical center line, and angle is too little, when extruding, can't realize sealing; Too greatly can strengthen extruding force, unfavorable to being out of shape.Therefore be advisable with 30 ° ± 0.2 °, as follows.
3 adopt 6 pairs of extrusion dies 7 of extrusion die sealing devices to be sealed, then high-speed steel blank 5 and extrusion die 7 are assembled, and lubricant grease is coated in junction are lubricated, and grease is selected the SA dibutyl ester.
4 are installed to extrusion die 7 the high-speed steel blank 5 assembled in recipient 2, and guarantee being sealed and matched of itself and base.Adopt 3 pairs of pressure rams 1 of pressure ram sealing device to be sealed, then, to the interior injection liquid force feed 4 of recipient 2, hydraulic oil is selected castor oil.
5 open extruder, and slowly pressurization makes pressure ram 1 fall to realizing hydrostatic liquid extrusion pressing deforming, and the high-speed steel blank completes distortion under the pressure of 800MPa left and right.
6 rise pressure ram 1, take out the high-speed steel blank after being out of shape, and carry out demoulding processing, obtain finished product.
The present embodiment is without heat treatment the time, and tensile strength reaches the 930MPa left and right.The resulting product surface smoothness is high, and axiality is high, and surface quality is good.
Embodiment 3:
The design variations amount is 45%, and the goods diameter after extruding is φ 20mm.Processing step is as follows:
1 designing mould, determine the extrusion die size according to the diameter of goods after extruding, and mold shape is designed to spill, and the mould outlet diameter is processed as φ 20mm.
2 sizes of the deflection according to mould outlet size and design are calculated blank dimension, and obtaining blank dimension is φ 26.97mm, according to this dimensioned high-speed steel blank 5.It is excessive that the blank front end is processed into tapering, to guarantee being tightly connected of blank and mould 7.This tapering refers to the angle of the blank conical surface and vertical center line, and angle is too little, when extruding, can't realize sealing; Too greatly can strengthen extruding force, unfavorable to being out of shape.Therefore be advisable with 30 ° ± 0.2 °, as follows.
3 adopt 6 pairs of extrusion dies 7 of extrusion die sealing devices to be sealed, then high-speed steel blank 5 and extrusion die 7 are assembled, and lubricant grease is coated in junction are lubricated, and grease is selected the SA dibutyl ester.
4 are installed to extrusion die 7 the high-speed steel blank 5 assembled in recipient 2, and guarantee being sealed and matched of itself and base.Adopt 3 pairs of pressure rams 1 of pressure ram sealing device to be sealed, then, to the interior injection liquid force feed 4 of recipient 2, hydraulic oil is selected castor oil.
5 open extruder, and slowly pressurization makes pressure ram 1 fall to realizing hydrostatic liquid extrusion pressing deforming, and the high-speed steel blank completes distortion under the pressure of 1200MPa left and right.
6 rise pressure ram 1, take out the high-speed steel blank after being out of shape, and carry out demoulding processing, obtain finished product.
The present embodiment is without heat treatment the time, and tensile strength reaches the 1100MPa left and right.The resulting product surface smoothness is high, and axiality is high, and surface quality is good.
Claims (6)
1. a high-speed steel hydrostatic liquid extrusion pressing deforming strengthening method, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1. designing mould;
2. according to die size, by the extrusion deformation degree calculating W18Cr4V high-speed steel blank dimension of design, and process W18Cr4V high-speed steel blank;
3. by W18Cr4V high-speed steel blank and die assembly to together with, with sealing device, seal;
4. the W18Cr4V high-speed steel blank and the mould that assemble are installed in the hydrostatic extrusion device, and the mould afterbody is fixed;
5. pressure ram is sealed and is installed to sealing device on extruder, the lifting recipient is filled it up with hydraulic oil on hydraulic press and in cylinder;
6. matched moulds, set squeeze pressure, opens extruder, and W18Cr4V high-speed steel blank is carried out to hydrostatic liquid extrusion pressing deforming;
7. take out W18Cr4V high-speed steel blank after the extruding, carry out demoulding processing.
2. high-speed steel hydrostatic liquid extrusion pressing deforming strengthening method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the extrusion deformation degree described in step 2. is designed to 10%～45%.
3. high-speed steel hydrostatic liquid extrusion pressing deforming strengthening method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the extrusion deformation degree described in step 2. is designed to 30%
4. high-speed steel hydrostatic liquid extrusion pressing deforming strengthening method according to claim 1, it is excessive that the front end that it is characterized in that the blank of W18Cr4V high-speed steel described in step 2. is processed into tapering, the angle that this tapering is the W18Cr4V high-speed steel blank conical surface and vertical center line, described tapering is 29.8 °～30.2 °.
5. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described high-speed steel hydrostatic liquid extrusion pressing deforming strengthening methods, it is characterized in that the squeeze pressure described in step 6. is 500MPa～1200MPa.
6. high-speed steel hydrostatic liquid extrusion pressing deforming strengthening method according to claim 5, is characterized in that the squeeze pressure described in step 6. is 800MPa.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PL443032A1 (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2024-06-03 | Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Metali Nieżelaznych | Method of producing difficult-to-deform, high-strength steel wires, especially for use in additive technologies |
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| US3423983A (en) * | 1965-11-30 | 1969-01-28 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Feed mechanism for a hydrostatic extrusion system |
| US3702555A (en) * | 1971-02-25 | 1972-11-14 | Asea Ab | Press for hot hydrostatic extrusion |
| GB1374032A (en) * | 1971-03-15 | 1974-11-13 | Asea Ab | Apparatus for manufacturing a tubular body by means of hydrostatic extrusion |
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| CN101279331A (en) * | 2008-05-05 | 2008-10-08 | 西安理工大学 | Wire hydrostatic extrusion device and method for extruding superfine grain wire using the device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PL443032A1 (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2024-06-03 | Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Metali Nieżelaznych | Method of producing difficult-to-deform, high-strength steel wires, especially for use in additive technologies |
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Effective date of registration: 20160107 Address after: 315103 Ningbo science and Technology Park, Zhejiang Lingyun Road, No. 199 Applicant after: China North Material Science and Engineering Technology Group Corporation Applicant after: NO.52 Institute of China North Industries Group Corp. Address before: 315103 Ningbo science and Technology Park, Zhejiang Lingyun Road, No. 199 Applicant before: NO.52 Institute of China North Industries Group Corp. |
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