CN103424380A - Off-axis real-time measuring device and method for atmosphere turbulence intensity profile - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an off-axis real-time measuring device and method for atmosphere turbulence intensity profile. The method comprises the following steps: adopting a solid-state laser as an emitting light source, focusing a laser beam into air to form Rayleigh laser beacon by using a large-caliber transmitting telescope in a beam expanding manner, receiving back scattering light at the beacon by a plurality of sets of off-axis receiving telescopes, dividing received light into two beams through a subsequent light path, forming a double facula image on a detector, summarizing the fluctuation of space between two facula mass centers, calculating the fluctuation variance of the difference arrival angle in the distance, then changing the distance of the distance beacon, calculating the fluctuation variance of the difference arrival angles in a plurality of distance, and finally calculating the atmosphere turbulence intensity profile through a certain inversion algorithm. The measuring device for atmosphere turbulence intensity profile not only can acquire the atmosphere turbulence intensity profile in real time, but also has the advantages that the measuring path is controllable, and the range resolution is high.

Description

A kind of from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile real-time measurement apparatus and method

Technical field

The invention belongs to the optical gauge technical field, relate to a kind of from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile real-time measurement apparatus and method.

Background technology

When laser beam is transmitted in atmosphere, air index fluctuating due to being risen and fallen by atmospheric density can make the light beam of transmission therein produce the effects such as beam drift, beam spread, light intensity flicker, phase fluctuation, destroy the coherence of laser beam, have a strong impact on the propagation quality of light beam.In atmospheric optics research, atmospheric turbulence intensity C _n ²It is a basic parameter that characterizes the atmospheric turbulence characteristic.The atmospheric turbulence intensity profile measure obtained, can describe the details of turbulent flow in atmosphere subtly, thereby provide basic parameter for the Laser Atmospheric Transmission effect study.

At present, the method for measurement of Atmospheric Turbulence intensity profile has: micro-temperature sensor sounding method, microwave radar, acoustic radar and optical means (SCIDAR, MASS).Micro-temperature sensor sounding method employing sounding balloon is hung micro-temperature sensor and is carried out the sounding measurement, and this method has very high spatial resolution, and still, due to the impact of balloon wind-engaging, measuring route is uncontrolled, and in addition, the time of measuring a profile is also longer.Microwave radar passes through the back scattering power calculation atmospheric turbulence intensity of instrumentation radar signal, but the temperature and humidity on path need to be provided, more time-consuming, and humidity is on the very difficult deduction of the impact of measuring, so precision is not high yet.Acoustic radar measuring principle and microwave radar are similar, but, because sound wave is mechanical wave, can only measure atmospheric boundary layer, and, due to the restriction of acoustical power, make measuring height limited.The SCIDAR method is by the correlativity of light intensity or PHASE DISTRIBUTION on the certain area of detection, obtain the atmospheric turbulence intensity profile, but require two light sources that keep at a certain distance away as beacon, requirement to beacon is comparatively harsh, and require the telescope bore larger, generally, more than 1m, to its application, brought very large restriction.MASS is a kind of atmospheric turbulence intensity profile measurement mechanism of low resolution, can only provide the atmospheric turbulence intensity value of 6 to 7 distances, and spatial resolution is low.

Summary of the invention

The problem that the present invention solves is to provide a kind of from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile measurement mechanism and measuring method, not only can obtain in real time the atmospheric turbulence intensity profile, and it is controlled to have measuring route, the advantage that range resolution is high.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A kind of from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile real-time measurement apparatus, comprise laser instrument, the laser beam of laser instrument emission enters transmitter-telescope after catoptron, laser beam is emitted to the flat reflective mirror after being expanded by transmitter-telescope, the flat reflective mirror focuses on beam reflection to aerial setpoint distance, forms laser beacon; Rear orientation light by the flat reflective mirror to laser beacon is received and is reflexed in the shaft type receiving telescope, the light that receiving telescope receives enters follow-up light path by the triangular prism reflection, follow-up light path will transfer in photodetector after the light beam light splitting, photodetector is by the light beam imaging of reception and light signal is converted to electric signal, electric signal through data acquisition and processing unit collection, be converted to digital signal, after being processed by the laser beacon image to different distance place, space, calculate the atmospheric turbulence intensity profile.

After the mirror reflects of laser beam via two light path parallels of described laser instrument emission, enter in transmitter-telescope.

Described transmitter-telescope is Schmidt-Ka Sai Green formula structure, comprise secondary mirror and primary mirror, laser beam is expanded and is reflexed to primary mirror by secondary mirror, then focuses on emission by primary mirror, primary mirror focuses on the laser beam of emission after the reflection of flat reflective mirror, and aloft the preset distance place focuses on.

Described by the spacing between secondary mirror and primary mirror in the adjusting transmitter-telescope, primary mirror focuses on the laser beam of emission after the reflection of flat reflective mirror, and aloft the different distance place focuses on, formation Rayleigh laser beacon.

The angle of pitch of described flat reflective mirror can, according to optical path adjusting, make primary mirror focus on the laser beam direction transmission that edge is set after the reflection of flat reflective mirror of emission.

Described receiving telescope comprises convex mirror, catoptron and ellipsoid concave mirror, the beam reflection that the ellipsoid concave mirror will be reflected by the flat reflective mirror is to convex mirror, convex mirror by beam reflection to catoptron, catoptron by beam reflection to triangular prism, triangular prism by beam reflection in follow-up light path.

Described receiving telescope is served as reasons overlaps the symmetrical receiving telescope systems that form from the shaft type receiving telescope more; The light beam that every cover receives from the shaft type receiving telescope is after follow-up light path, and its laser beacon received all forms light spot image on each comfortable photodetector.

Described follow-up light path comprises the first convex lens group, optical filter, wedge and the second convex lens group, the light beam entered in follow-up light path is collimated by the first convex lens group, by optical filter filtering light beam parasitic light, through wedge, light beam is divided into to two bundles, finally by the second convex lens group, light beam is converged in photodetector.

Described transmitter-telescope and receive telescope from shaft type and be arranged on the turntable that the angle of pitch and position angle can regulate, and the optical axis of transmitter-telescope and receiving telescope is parallel, receiving telescope can receive the rear orientation light of the laser beacon formed at setpoint distance place, space after the transmitter-telescope emission.

A kind of from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile method for real-time measurement, comprise following operation:

1) N laser pulse light beam of laser instrument emission focuses on distance h ₁Place forms laser beacon, receive the rear orientation light of laser beacon from the shaft type receiving telescope by two covers, form two hot spots on photodetector, photodetector gathers become N two field picture, every two field picture is calculated respectively to the barycenter of two hot spots, the barycenter distance of establishing two hot spots of i two field picture is b _i, the focal length of receiving telescope system is f ₀, distance h ₁The difference arrival angle fluctuation variance of place's laser beacon light beam is calculated and is provided by following formula:

${\mathrm{\σ}}_{\mathrm{DIM}}^2\left(h_1\right)=\frac{\stackrel{\‾}{B_i^2}-{\stackrel{\‾}{B_i}}^2}{f_0^2}$

$\stackrel{\‾}{B_i^2}=\left(\mathrm{\Σ}{b_i}^2\right)/N$ $\stackrel{\‾}{B_i^2}={(\mathrm{\Σ}{b}_i/N)}^2---\left(1\right)$

2) then regulate transmitter-telescope, focus of the light beam into respectively distance h ₂, h ₃, h ₄..., h _nPlace, calculate and provide the laser beacon distance for h according to the method for step 1) ₂, h ₃, h ₄..., h _nThe difference arrival angle fluctuation variance of place's light beam;

3), for spherical wave, the relation of difference arrival angle fluctuation variance and atmospheric turbulence intensity is shown below:

${\mathrm{\σ}}_{\mathrm{DIM}}^2\left(h\right)=33.2({{0.358d}_0}^{-1/3}-{{0.242d}_s}^{-1/3}){\∫}_0^h{C}_n^2\left(h^{\′}\right){(1-h^{\′}/h)}^{5/3}{\mathrm{dh}}^{\′}---\left(2\right)$

D wherein ₀For the sub-pupil diameter of receiving telescope, d _sFor the spacing at receiving telescope two Ge Zitong centers, C _n ²(h) be the atmospheric turbulence intensity at distance h place;

Utilize C (h) to mean C _n ²(h), and the definition M (h) be:

$M\left(h\right)={\∫}_0^{h}C\left(h^{\′}\right){(1-h^{\′}/h)}^{5/3}{\mathrm{dh}}^{\′}---\left(3\right)$

Wherein M (h) and difference arrival angle fluctuation variances sigma _DIM ²Difference be only a constant factor κ,

So, utilize the difference arrival angle fluctuation variance of each measured distance to calculate and provide M (h).Finally, can obtain the atmospheric turbulence intensity profile by M (h) inverting C (h);

Owing to utilizing M (h) direct inversion C (h) can bring the unstable of numerical solution, acquired results is also insincere, so, at this, first formula (3) is out of shape, then solved again.Differentiated in formula (3) both sides, the derivative S (h) that can obtain M (h) with the pass of C (h) is:

$S\left(h\right)={\∫}_0^{h}C\left(h^{\′}\right)\left[\frac{5}{3}\frac{h^{\′}}{h^2}{(1-\frac{h^{\′}}{h})}^{2/3}\right]{\mathrm{dh}}^{\′}---\left(4\right)$

Suppose can be approximately constant at each distance segment C (h),

C(h)=C _j h _j-1<h<h _j (5)

(4) in formula, each parameter is continuous variable, and (4) formula is carried out to discretize, provides distance h _iThe discrete expression of place's M (h) slope S (h) is:

$S_i=\underset{j=1}{\overset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_j{\&Integral;}_{h_{j-1}}^{h_j}\left[\frac{5}{3}\frac{h^{\&prime;}}{h_i^2}{(1-\frac{h^{\&prime;}}{h_i})}^{2/3}\right]{\mathrm{dh}}^{\&prime;}---\left(6\right)$

When j≤i, the integration in above formula is:

$U_{\mathrm{ij}}={[\frac{3}{8}-(\frac{3}{8}+\frac{5}{8}\frac{h^{\&prime;}}{h_i}){(1-\frac{h^{\&prime;}}{h_i})}^{5/3}]}_{h^{\&prime;}=h_{j-1}}^{h^{\&prime;}=h_j}---\left(7\right)$

As j>during i, U _IjValue is zero, and (6) formula is expressed as:

$S_i=\underset{j=1}{\overset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{U}_{\mathrm{ij}}{C}_j=\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{U}_{\mathrm{ij}}{C}_j---\left(8\right)$

Formula (6) is asked to its inverse matrix, can obtain:

$C_i=\frac{1}{U_{\mathrm{ii}}}(S_i-\underset{j=1}{\overset{i-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{U}_{\mathrm{ij}}{C}_j)---\left(9\right)$

Utilize above formula to C _iCarry out ascending order and solve, can obtain atmospheric turbulence intensity C _iThe profile value.

Compared with prior art, the present invention has following useful technique effect:

Provided by the invention from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile real-time measurement apparatus and method, adopt solid state laser as transmitting illuminant, utilize the heavy caliber transmitter-telescope that laser beam is expanded and focuses on aerial formation Rayleigh laser beacon, by many covers, from the shaft type receiving telescope, the rear orientation light to the beacon place is received, by follow-up light path, the light received is divided into to two bundles, forms two light spot images on detector.The fluctuating of two facula mass center spacings of statistics calculates the difference arrival angle fluctuation variance of this distance, change again the distance that focuses on beacon, calculate successively the difference arrival angle fluctuation variance of a plurality of distances, finally by certain inversion algorithm, calculate the atmospheric turbulence intensity profile.This atmospheric turbulence intensity profile measurement mechanism not only can obtain the atmospheric turbulence intensity profile in real time, and it is controlled to have measuring route, the advantage that range resolution is high.

Provided by the invention from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile real-time measurement apparatus and method, use two small-sizedly from the shaft type telescope, to form the differential received system.Make system more portable and smart, reduced cost.Two of whiles are small-sized from shaft type telescope and transmitter-telescope formation coaxial system, are conducive to the adjusting of light path.

Existing beam control system is directly controlled the pitching of transmitter-telescope and is controlled the elevation angle of launching light beam, makes beam control system too huge.And the present invention uses the flat reflective mirror to control the sensing of light beam, simplified control system.

Provided by the invention from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile real-time measurement apparatus and method, Measuring Time is unrestricted, and measuring route is adjustable flexibly, and range resolution is high, can to the atmospheric turbulence intensity profile of desired path, be measured at any time; The computing method of employing based on spherical wave, and structure slope inverse matrix atmospheric turbulence intensity, algorithm is stable, and the data that obtain are more genuine and believable.

The accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the structural representation from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile real-time measurement apparatus.

Wherein: 1 is that optical table, 2 is that laser instrument, 3 is that transmitter-telescope, 4 is that receiving telescope, 5 is that flat reflective mirror, 6 is that follow-up light path, 7 is photodetector.

8 is catoptron, and 9 is secondary mirror, and 10 is primary mirror.

11 is convex mirror, and 12 is catoptron, and 13 is the ellipsoid concave mirror.

14 is triangular prism, and 15 is convex lens, and 16 is optical filter, and 17 is wedge, and 18 is convex lens.

19 is data acquisition and processing unit.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, and the explanation of the invention is not limited.

Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile real-time measurement apparatus, comprise laser instrument 2, the laser beam of laser instrument 2 emissions enters transmitter-telescope 3 after catoptron 8, laser beam is emitted to flat reflective mirror 5 after being expanded by transmitter-telescope 3, flat reflective mirror 5 focuses on beam reflection to aerial setpoint distance place, forms laser beacon; Rear orientation light by 5 pairs of laser beacons of flat reflective mirror is received and is reflexed in shaft type receiving telescope 4, the light that receiving telescope 4 receives enters follow-up light path 6 by triangular prism 14 reflections, follow-up light path 6 will transfer to after the light beam light splitting in photodetector 7, photodetector 7 is by the light beam imaging of reception and light signal is converted to electric signal, electric signal gathers, is converted to digital signal through data acquisition and processing unit 19, after being processed by the laser beacon image to different distance place, space, calculate the atmospheric turbulence intensity profile.

Concrete, laser instrument 2 adopts solid Nd: the YAG laser instrument, the centre wavelength of its output is 532nm, output single pulse energy 300mJ, repetition frequency 50Hz.The laser beam laser beam of laser instrument 2 emissions is entered in transmitter-telescope 3 by catoptron 8 emissions of two light path parallels.

And transmitter-telescope 3 is Schmidt-Ka Sai Green formula structure, comprise secondary mirror 9 and primary mirror 10, laser beam expands and reflexes to primary mirror 10 by secondary mirror 9, then focuses on emission by primary mirror 10, primary mirror 10 focuses on the laser beam of emission after 5 reflections of flat reflective mirror, and aloft the preset distance place focuses on.

By the spacing between secondary mirror 9 and primary mirror 10 in adjusting transmitter-telescope 3, primary mirror 10 focuses on the laser beam of emission after 5 reflections of flat reflective mirror, and aloft the different distance place focuses on, formation Rayleigh laser beacon.When measuring, can regulate transmitter-telescope major-minor mirror spacing according to sampled distance like this, make to focus at the preset distance place to form the Rayleigh laser beacon.

The angle of pitch of described flat reflective mirror 5 can, according to optical path adjusting, make primary mirror 10 focus on the laser beam direction transmission that edge is set after 5 reflections of flat reflective mirror of emission.

The Rayleigh laser beacon rear orientation light formed in a distance, space by 5 pairs of focusing Emission Lasers bundles of flat reflective mirror is received and is reflexed in receiving telescope 4.Described receiving telescope 4 comprises convex mirror 11, catoptron 12 and ellipsoid concave mirror 13, the beam reflection that ellipsoid concave mirror 13 will be reflected by flat reflective mirror 5 is to convex mirror 11, convex mirror 11 by beam reflection to catoptron 12, catoptron 12 by beam reflection to triangular prism 14, triangular prism 14 by beam reflection in follow-up light path 6.Follow-up light path 6 comprises the first convex lens group 15, optical filter 16, wedge 17 and the second convex lens group 18, the light beam entered in follow-up light path 6 is collimated by the first convex lens group 15, by optical filter 16 filtering light beam parasitic lights, through wedge 17, light beam is divided into to two bundles, finally by the second convex lens group 18, light beam is converged in photodetector 7, described photodetector 7 is image intensifying type CCD camera.

Further, described receiving telescope 4 is served as reasons and is overlapped the symmetrical receiving telescope systems that form from the shaft type receiving telescope more; The light beam that every cover receives from the shaft type receiving telescope is after follow-up light path 6, and its laser beacon received all forms light spot image on each comfortable photodetector 7.

The laser beacon received such as the system of the receiving telescope from the shaft type receiving telescope 4 by two cover symmetries forms two light spot images on photodetector 7.Except the receiving telescope system formed from the shaft type receiving telescope by two cover symmetries, can be also three covers, quadruplet or the more symmetrical receiving telescope system formed from the shaft type receiving telescope; Now, the laser beacon received forms three light spot images, the more light spot image of four light spot images on photodetector 7.

When being measured, at first the sampling frame number of sampled distance and each distance is set.Regulate transmitter-telescope major-minor mirror spacing according to sampled distance after setting completed, make at the preset distance place and focus on and form the Rayleigh laser beacon, control immediately laser instrument and make the laser instrument bright dipping.Complete the sampling of certain frame number in first distance after, then regulate transmitter-telescope and focus of the light beam into the sampling of next distance, simultaneously according to the difference arrival angle fluctuation variance of first distance of calculated signals that gathers gained.Measuring distance is h successively ₃, h ₄..., h _nDeng the light spot image at place, and calculating provides distance h ₃, h ₄..., h _nDifference arrival angle fluctuation variance at place.Obtain n difference arrival angle fluctuation variance data after complete to n distance samples, these data are processed and can be obtained the atmospheric turbulence intensity profile.

Below provide from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile method for real-time measurement, laser instrument sends pulsed light beam and is expanded and focused on and reflect through the flat reflective mirror by transmitter-telescope, form the Rayleigh laser beacon at the preset distance place, the beacon rear orientation light is after the flat reflective mirror, be incident to from the shaft type receiving telescope, receiving telescope by beam Propagation to follow-up light path, by follow-up light path, light beam is filtered, transfer to detector after beam splitting and form two light spot images, add up the fluctuating of the two facula mass center distances of multiple image by data Collection & Processing System, calculate the difference arrival angle fluctuation variance at testing distance place, then focusing of the light beam into next distance is measured, successively each measuring distance is carried out to above-mentioned identical operation, after obtaining difference arrival angle fluctuation variance profile data, and then utilize the data inversion of difference arrival angle fluctuation variance profile to calculate atmospheric turbulence intensity profile value.Specifically comprise following operation:

1) N laser pulse light beam of laser instrument emission focuses on h ₁Distance forms laser beacon, receive the rear orientation light of laser beacon from the shaft type receiving telescope by two covers, form two hot spots on photodetector, photodetector gathers become N two field picture, every two field picture is calculated respectively to the barycenter of two hot spots, the barycenter distance of establishing two hot spots of i two field picture is b _i, the focal length of receiving telescope system is f ₀, distance h ₁The difference arrival angle fluctuation variance of place's laser beacon light beam is calculated and is provided by following formula:

${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{DIM}}^2\left(h_1\right)=\frac{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{B_i^2}-{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{B_i}}^2}{f_0^2}$

$\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{B_i^2}=\left(\mathrm{\&Sigma;}{b_i}^2\right)/N$ $\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{B_i^2}={(\mathrm{\&Sigma;}{b}_i/N)}^2---\left(1\right)$

2) then regulate transmitter-telescope, focus of the light beam into respectively h ₂, h ₃, h ₄..., h _nEquidistant place, calculate and provide the laser beacon distance for h according to the method for step 1) ₂, h ₃, h ₄..., h _nDifference arrival angle fluctuation variance Deng place's light beam;

3), for spherical wave, the relation of difference arrival angle fluctuation variance and atmospheric turbulence intensity is shown below:

${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{DIM}}^2\left(h\right)=33.2({{0.358d}_0}^{-1/3}-{{0.242d}_s}^{-1/3}){\&Integral;}_0^h{C}_n^2\left(h^{\&prime;}\right){(1-h^{\&prime;}/h)}^{5/3}{\mathrm{dh}}^{\&prime;}---\left(2\right)$

D wherein ₀For the sub-pupil diameter of receiving telescope, d _sFor the spacing at receiving telescope two Ge Zitong centers, C _n ²(h) be the atmospheric turbulence intensity at distance h place, h ' is integration variable;

Utilize C (h) to mean C _n ²(h), and the definition M (h) be:

$M\left(h\right)={\&Integral;}_0^{h}C\left(h^{\&prime;}\right){(1-h^{\&prime;}/h)}^{5/3}{\mathrm{dh}}^{\&prime;}---\left(3\right)$

Wherein M (h) and difference arrival angle fluctuation variances sigma _DIM ²Difference be only a constant factor κ,

So, utilize the difference arrival angle fluctuation variance of each measured distance to calculate and provide M (h).Finally, can obtain the atmospheric turbulence intensity profile by M (h) inverting C (h);

Owing to utilizing M (h) direct inversion C (h) can bring the unstable of numerical solution, acquired results is also insincere, so, at this, first formula (3) is out of shape, then solved again.Differentiated in formula (3) both sides, the derivative S (h) that can obtain M (h) with the pass of C (h) is:

$S\left(h\right)={\&Integral;}_0^{h}C\left(h^{\&prime;}\right)\left[\frac{5}{3}\frac{h^{\&prime;}}{h^2}{(1-\frac{h^{\&prime;}}{h})}^{2/3}\right]{\mathrm{dh}}^{\&prime;}---\left(4\right)$

Suppose can be approximately constant at each distance segment C (h),

C(h)=C _j h _j-1<h<h _j (5)

C _jFor distance segment h _J-1<h<h _jThe value of atmospheric turbulence intensity;

(4) in formula, each parameter is continuous variable, and (4) formula is carried out to discretize, provides distance h _iThe discrete expression of place's M (h) slope S (h) is:

$S_i=\underset{j=1}{\overset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_j{\&Integral;}_{h_{j-1}}^{h_j}\left[\frac{5}{3}\frac{h^{\&prime;}}{h_i^2}{(1-\frac{h^{\&prime;}}{h_i})}^{2/3}\right]{\mathrm{dh}}^{\&prime;}---\left(6\right)$

When j≤i, the integration in above formula is:

$U_{\mathrm{ij}}={[\frac{3}{8}-(\frac{3}{8}+\frac{5}{8}\frac{h^{\&prime;}}{h_i}){(1-\frac{h^{\&prime;}}{h_i})}^{5/3}]}_{h^{\&prime;}=h_{j-1}}^{h^{\&prime;}=h_j}---\left(7\right)$

As j>during i, U _IjValue is zero, and (6) formula is expressed as:

$S_i=\underset{j=1}{\overset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{U}_{\mathrm{ij}}{C}_j=\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{U}_{\mathrm{ij}}{C}_j---\left(8\right)$

Formula (6) is asked to its inverse matrix, can obtain:

$C_i=\frac{1}{U_{\mathrm{ii}}}(S_i-\underset{j=1}{\overset{i-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{U}_{\mathrm{ij}}{C}_j)---\left(9\right)$

Utilize above formula to C _iCarry out ascending order and solve, can obtain atmospheric turbulence intensity C _iThe profile value.

Said method adopts the computing method based on spherical wave, and structure slope inverse matrix atmospheric turbulence intensity, and the data that obtain are more genuine and believable.

Claims (11)

1. one kind from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile real-time measurement apparatus, it is characterized in that, comprise laser instrument (2), the laser beam of laser instrument (2) emission enters transmitter-telescope (3) after catoptron (8), laser beam is emitted to flat reflective mirror (5) after being expanded by transmitter-telescope (3), flat reflective mirror (5) focuses on beam reflection to aerial setpoint distance place, forms laser beacon, rear orientation light by flat reflective mirror (5) to laser beacon is received and is reflexed in shaft type receiving telescope (4), the light that receiving telescope (4) receives enters follow-up light path (6) by triangular prism (14) reflection, follow-up light path (6) will transfer to after the light beam light splitting in photodetector (7), photodetector (7) is by the light beam imaging of reception and light signal is converted to electric signal, electric signal gathers through data acquisition and processing unit (19), be converted to digital signal, after being processed by the laser beacon image to different distance place, space, Inversion Calculation atmospheric turbulence intensity profile.

2. as claimed in claim 1 from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile real-time measurement apparatus, it is characterized in that, enter in transmitter-telescope (3) after catoptron (8) reflection of the laser beam of described laser instrument (2) emission via two light path parallels.

3. as claimed in claim 1 from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile real-time measurement apparatus, it is characterized in that, described transmitter-telescope (3) is Schmidt-Ka Sai Green formula structure, comprise secondary mirror (9) and primary mirror (10), laser beam expands and reflexes to primary mirror (10) by secondary mirror (9), focus on emission by primary mirror (10) again, primary mirror (10) focuses on the laser beam of emission after flat reflective mirror (5) reflection, aloft the preset distance place focuses on, and forms laser beacon.

4. as claimed in claim 3 from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile real-time measurement apparatus, it is characterized in that, by regulating the spacing between the middle secondary mirror (9) of transmitter-telescope (3) and primary mirror (10), primary mirror (10) focuses on the laser beam of emission after flat reflective mirror (5) reflection, aloft the different distance place focuses on, and forms laser beacon.

5. as claimed in claim 1 from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile real-time measurement apparatus, it is characterized in that, the angle of pitch of described flat reflective mirror (5) can be regulated as required, make primary mirror (10) focus on the laser beam direction transmission that edge is set after flat reflective mirror (5) reflection of emission, the rear orientation light that makes laser beacon enters receiving telescope after flat reflective mirror (5) reflection, and emission light path and receiving light path are along identical transmission path.

6. as claimed in claim 1 from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile real-time measurement apparatus, it is characterized in that, described receiving telescope (4) comprises convex mirror (11), catoptron (12) and ellipsoid concave mirror (13), the beam reflection that ellipsoid concave mirror (13) will be reflected by flat reflective mirror (5) is to convex mirror (11), convex mirror (11) by beam reflection to catoptron (12), catoptron (12) by beam reflection to triangular prism (14), triangular prism (14) by beam reflection in follow-up light path (6).

7. as describedly as claim 1 or 6 from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile real-time measurement apparatus, it is characterized in that described receiving telescope (4) the symmetrical receiving telescope systems that form from the shaft type receiving telescope of many covers of serving as reasons; The light beam that every cover receives from the shaft type receiving telescope is after follow-up light path (6), and its laser beacon received is the upper light spot image that forms of each comfortable photodetector (7) all.

8. as claimed in claim 1 from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile real-time measurement apparatus, it is characterized in that, described follow-up light path (6) comprises the first convex lens group (15), optical filter (16), wedge (17) and the second convex lens group (18), the light beam entered in follow-up light path (6) is collimated by the first convex lens group (15), by optical filter (16) filtering light beam parasitic light, through wedge (17), light beam is divided into to two bundles, finally by the second convex lens group (18), light beam is converged in photodetector (7).

9. as claimed in claim 1 from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile real-time measurement apparatus, it is characterized in that, transmitter-telescope (3) and receive telescopes (4) from shaft type and be arranged on the turntable that the angle of pitch and position angle can regulate, and transmitter-telescope (3) is parallel with the optical axis of receiving telescope (4), receiving telescope (4) can receive the rear orientation light of the laser beacon formed at setpoint distance place, space after transmitter-telescope (3) emission.

10. as claimed in claim 1ly from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile real-time measurement apparatus, it is characterized in that, described photodetector (7) is image intensifying CCD camera or electron multiplication CCD camera, and sample frame speed is not less than 50fps.

11. one kind from shaft type atmospheric turbulence intensity profile method for real-time measurement, it is characterized in that, comprises following operation:

1) N laser pulse light beam of laser instrument emission focuses on distance h ₁Place forms laser beacon, receive the rear orientation light of laser beacon from the shaft type receiving telescope by two covers, form two hot spots on photodetector, photodetector gathers become N two field picture, every two field picture is calculated respectively to the barycenter of two hot spots, the barycenter distance of establishing two hot spots of i two field picture is b _i, the focal length of receiving telescope system is f ₀, distance h ₁The difference arrival angle fluctuation variance of place's laser beacon light beam is calculated and is provided by following formula:

${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{DIM}}^2\left(h_1\right)=\frac{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{B_i^2}-{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{B_i}}^2}{f_0^2}$

$\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{B_i^2}=\left({{\mathrm{\&Sigma;b}}_i}^2\right)/N$ $\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{B_i^2}{({\mathrm{\&Sigma;b}}_i/N)}^2---\left(1\right)$

2) then regulate transmitter-telescope, focus of the light beam into respectively distance h ₂, h ₃, h ₄..., h _nPlace, according to step 1) method calculate that to provide the laser beacon distance be h ₂, h ₃, h ₄..., h _nThe difference arrival angle fluctuation variance of place's light beam;

3), for spherical wave, the relation of difference arrival angle fluctuation variance and atmospheric turbulence intensity is shown below:

${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{\mathrm{DIM}}^2\left(h\right)=33.2({{0.358d}_0}^{-1/3}-{{0.242d}_s}^{-1/3}){\&Integral;}_0^h{C}_n^2\left(h^{\&prime;}\right){(1-h^{\&prime;}/h)}^{5/3}d{h}^{\&prime;}---\left(2\right)$

D wherein ₀For the sub-pupil diameter of receiving telescope, d _sFor the spacing at receiving telescope two Ge Zitong centers, C _n ²(h) be the atmospheric turbulence intensity at distance h place; H ' is integration variable;

Utilize C (h) to mean C _n ²(h), and the definition M (h) be:

$M\left(h\right)={\&Integral;}_0^{h}C\left(h^{\&prime;}\right){(1-h^{\&prime;}/h)}^{5/3}d{h}^{\&prime;}---\left(3\right)$

Wherein M (h) and difference arrival angle fluctuation variances sigma _DIM ²Difference be only a constant factor κ,

Utilize the difference arrival angle fluctuation variance calculating of each measured distance to provide M (h), then obtain the atmospheric turbulence intensity profile by M (h) inverting C (h);

First formula (3) is out of shape at this, is then solved again, differentiated in formula (3) both sides, the derivative S (h) that obtains M (h) with the pass of C (h) is:

$S\left(h\right)={\&Integral;}_0^{h}C\left(h^{\&prime;}\right)\left[\frac{5}{3}\frac{h^{\&prime;}}{h^2}{(1-\frac{h^{\&prime;}}{h})}^{2/3}\right]d{h}^{\&prime;}---\left(4\right)$

Be located at each distance segment C (h) and be approximately constant,

C(h)=C _j h _j-1<h<h _j (5)

Wherein, C _jFor distance segment h _J-1<h<h _jThe value of atmospheric turbulence intensity;

(4) in formula, each parameter is continuous variable, and (4) formula is carried out to discretize, provides distance h _iThe discrete expression of place's M (h) slope S (h) is:

$S_i=\underset{j=1}{\overset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{C}_j{\&Integral;}_{h_{j-1}}^{h_j}\left[\frac{5}{3}\frac{h^{\&prime;}}{h_i^2}{(1-\frac{h^{\&prime;}}{h_i})}^{2/3}\right]d{h}^{\&prime;}---\left(6\right)$

When j≤i, the integration in above formula is:

$U_{\mathrm{ij}}={[\frac{3}{8}-(\frac{3}{8}+\frac{5}{8}\frac{h^{\&prime;}}{h_i}){(1-\frac{h^{\&prime;}}{h_i})}^{5/3}]}_{h^{\&prime;}=h_{j-1}}^{h^{\&prime;}=h_j}---\left(7\right)$

As j>during i, U _IjValue is zero, and (6) formula is expressed as:

$S_i=\underset{j=1}{\overset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{U}_{\mathrm{ij}}{C}_j=\underset{j=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{U}_{\mathrm{ij}}{C}_j---\left(8\right)$

Formula (6) is asked to its inverse matrix, can obtain:

$C_i=\frac{1}{U_{\mathrm{ii}}}(S_i-\underset{j=1}{\overset{i-1}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{U}_{\mathrm{ij}}{C}_j)---\left(9\right)$

(9) formula of utilization is to C _iCarry out ascending order and solve, obtain atmospheric turbulence intensity C _iThe profile value.

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