CN1034200C - 雷电流传输装置 - Google Patents

雷电流传输装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1034200C
CN1034200C CN87107192A CN87107192A CN1034200C CN 1034200 C CN1034200 C CN 1034200C CN 87107192 A CN87107192 A CN 87107192A CN 87107192 A CN87107192 A CN 87107192A CN 1034200 C CN1034200 C CN 1034200C
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current
lightning
conductor
transmitting device
metallic wires
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CN87107192A (zh
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塞萨里·吉尤利奥·英沃尼茨
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E F International S
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01TSPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00Sparking plugs
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02GINSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G13/00Installations of lightning conductors; Fastening thereof to supporting structure
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02GINSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G13/00Installations of lightning conductors; Fastening thereof to supporting structure
    • H02G13/80Discharge by conduction or dissipation, e.g. rods, arresters, spark gaps

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  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
  • Insulators (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Suspension Of Electric Lines Or Cables (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

围绕绝缘芯子1配置雷电流传输装置接地的第一导体,由金属导线2组成,平行于整体轴线3分布。环状绝缘层4配置在金属导线2的周围。由金属导线5组成的第二导体配置在该中间绝缘层4周围。第二导电部分也平行于轴线3分布,且连在一起以形成屏蔽。外绝缘层6包着整体5。这些导体2、5使它们的电阻和电感减到最小,改善了抑制侧向闪络的性能。一个尺寸适宜的高压端子容纳着该装置的上部,以将雷击引入电气绝缘的系统。

Description

雷电流传输装置
众所周知,雷电流传输装置存在着严重的危险,因为当雷电流传输装置受雷击时,在标准化接地导线的裸铜线与其附近的物体或人之间会发生放电,即所谓高能量的侧向闪络。
由于保护的建筑结构高度日益增长,雷电流不可能限制在裸露的接地引下线中而又不发生灾害:火灾、人员受电击、电气电子设备损坏等等。
本发明人已经提出一种减轻上述缺点的将雷电传输到接地设备的装置(见美国专利第3919956号和其它国家的相应专利)。
对于所有传统的接地引下线不能集中到一个电气绝缘(hermet-ic)设施(该设施只有为一个绝缘(hermeticity)的同轴结构时才成为可能)内的雷电流传输装置,以及对于上述第3段中所提到的专利,借助于与高压技术有关的概念,经过创造性努力,可以完成本发明所述的改进。
当电压梯度高于耐受值时,就会沿着裸露的或一般带绝缘的接地引下线发生侧向闪络。裸圆导线表面场强取决于它的直径和周围环境。当雷电流通过时,导线与出现的电压取决于导线的交流纵向电阻。
利用贝塞耳函数解圆导线的麦克斯韦方程,能够计算这个电阻。用穿透深度的概念可以解释这个现象的一种代表性看法。照这样,能够引入导线的“实际利用部分”这一见解。雷电流的频谱范围为20至100kHz。对于铜质圆导线而言,穿透深度分别为0.48和0.21mm。因此,空芯圆财线比相同截面的实心圆导线优越。
例:对于φ6mm裸铜线
    Rca=2.1mΩ/m(20KHz)
    Rca=4.6mΩ/m(100KHz)
对于EF特殊电缆
    Rca=0.9mΩ/m(20KHz)
    Rca=2.2mΩ/m(100KHz)
        改善系数约为2
以上数值是用取自以下三个参考资料的经典公式计算而得:
(1)高压电场(H·普林茨,Oldenburg出版社)
(2)高电压技术(K·拜尔格教授教材)
(3)在通信技术中的涡流和屏蔽(H·卡登哲学博士,施普林根出版社)
对本发明的结构实物,通过实验室测量已检验了这些数值,其结果如下:
(i)当中间的绝缘尺寸适宜时,即使中心导线通过雷电冲击电流也从未发生过侧向闪络,结构物本身也没发现损坏。
(ii)当通过雷电冲击电流时,可观察到在该结构周围发生很低能量的辉光放电现象,但无损伤。一百年前,泰斯拉(Tesla)在进行高频电流试验时已经观察到那些放电现象。
由于避雷导线中的冲击电流值取决于冲击电流的峰值和放电波形,本发明人能够从安德森(Anderson)和埃里克森(Eriksson)最近提出的雷电流脉冲非常全面的数据中受益,以便研究本发明接地装置主体的工况并确定它的特性。本发明使一种能够耐受各种雷电流的接地装置成为可能。
对所有那些参数的全部研究表明,阻抗,即避雷导线的电阻和金属屏蔽的电感有不利的影响,应首先减小它。然而,屏蔽电缆有一中间导电部分,该导电部分是由一束螺旋状绕在绝缘材料制成的中间芯子上的金属导线构成的。而它的金属屏蔽是用导线或金属带螺旋状地绕在包着内部导电部分的绝缘层上来实现的。
其结果是,即使构成内导电部分的线圈和屏蔽相连接,或者交叠(如果是金属带而不是导线),由于这些导线或金属带表面不可避免的氧化层的作用,因而电流流过螺旋状的路线,而不是直线,从而增加了电阻和电感。
本发明的目的在于,采用平行于电缆中心线的导线或金属带,使阻抗非常明显地减小,避雷导线的性能得到改善。
本发明的雷电流传输装置在接地引下线外加一金属屏蔽,接地线与金属屏蔽之间有绝缘层,使其间保持一定距离,金属屏蔽也用绝缘层包着,然后整体加以接地。雷电流传输装置的接地引下线包括雷电流第一导电部分,包着该第一导电部分的一个绝缘层和完全包着这个绝缘层的第二导电部分,整体下端接地;该接地引下线的特征在于:上述的两个导电部分各由一束丝状金属导线制成,这些丝状金属导线都沿平行于中心线的方向分布,该中心线是两个导电部分和中间绝缘层共有的中心线。
附图表示这种避雷导线的一个实施例。图1为逐层剥开的局部侧视图,表示其内部结构。图2是图1的2-2处的横断面图。图3示出了雷电流传输装置上部的高压端子。
这种雷电流传输装置导线的结构中,圆断面的绝缘芯子以1表示,在它周围装上金属导线2,导线2是沿平行于中心线3的方向布置的;如果电缆是直线的,中心线3就是整个电缆的轴线。这些导线2构成雷电流传输装置的第一接地部分,它从雷电流传输装置的顶端(没有示出)开始至接地装置(没有示出)。由于高压电流的集肤效应,绝缘芯1的空间没必要用导线2填充。
有一绝缘层4包着导线层2,绝缘层厚度和质量应能承受部分2通过雷电流时的冲击。第二束金属线5也是平行于中心轴线3分布。所有这些导线5组成第二导电部分,它完全包着绝缘层,因此也包着第一导电部分2。所有这些导线5对导线2形成一个电屏蔽,其下端接地(没有示出)。
围绕导线层5配置用适当尺寸的绝缘材料制成的保护层6。导线5可以是重迭的并行金属带,以使它们构成一个理想的导电管。
可以想象,第二导电部分5确实是管状的,但这有严重不足之处:在这种结构滚动时难于不造成损伤,且在储存和运输电缆时,亦难于卷成卷状。采用波纹管结构将使之容易滚动,但是由于这个部分中的电流在这种情况下将沿波纹路线流动,电阻将会增加,首先电感要增加。
无论外部条件如何,都要限定这种结构全长的电气绝缘性能的要求。其要求如同高压电缆一样,要采用一个同心的导电屏蔽。这样,就可能把这种避雷导线置于靠近金属尖端或边缘之处,而对其耐压值没有任何不良影响。
高压绝缘必须加以机械保护,以免在运输、安装和使用时受到损伤;抗恶劣天气的坚固的金属整体和铠装,完全可以起到这个作用。
最后,由于有保护屏蔽,在任何时候,用两项简单的电气试验就能够检查高压绝缘状态。
从以上这些考虑,就能够实现一种适合当代世界要求的雷电流传输装置接地引下线,其侧向击穿的危险率比裸导线低45-90%。实验室的试验和计算值都证实了这项指标。
用一种现有的同轴结构(即不象传统的同轴电缆那样制造,也不象它那样使用),本发明人第一次有可能在实验室通过数学方法和大量的实验检验其特性;只有在不使结构带电时,雷电流传输装置才是有效的。为了实现这个基本的目的,它设计了一个高压端子,借助该高压端子,本装置能够传输所有雷电冲击,而不使结构带电。利用空气静电充电(通过端部3)自动产生由雷电量值决定的一次自由电子(通过端部2),以确保雷电击穿(在端部1)。

Claims (3)

1.雷电流传输装置,其接地引下线包括雷电流第一导电部分(2),包着该第一导电部分的一个绝缘层(4)和完全包着这个绝缘层的第二导电部分(5),整体下端接地;其特征在于:上述的两个导电部分(2和5)各由一束丝状金属导线制成,这些丝状金属导线都沿平行于中心线(3)的方向分布,线(3)是两个导电部分(2和5)和中间绝缘层(4)共有的中心线。
2.根据权利要求1的雷电流传输装置,其特征在于:接地引下线的第二导电部分(5)是由重叠金属带组成,它们一起构成一个金属圆筒。
3.根据权利要求1或2的雷电流传输装置,其特征在于:在接地引下线的上部设有一个高压端子。
CN87107192A 1986-11-01 1987-10-31 雷电流传输装置 Expired - Lifetime CN1034200C (zh)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4379/86A CH669482A5 (zh) 1986-11-01 1986-11-01
CH4379/86 1986-11-01

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CN1034200C true CN1034200C (zh) 1997-03-05

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US (1) US4816611A (zh)
EP (1) EP0267870B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPS63126121A (zh)
KR (1) KR960000924B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1034200C (zh)
AU (1) AU591357B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA1281089C (zh)
CH (1) CH669482A5 (zh)
DE (1) DE3775174D1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2028910T3 (zh)
GR (1) GR3004030T3 (zh)
HK (1) HK29693A (zh)
PT (1) PT85932B (zh)

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DE3775174D1 (de) 1992-01-23
AU8051487A (en) 1988-05-05
CA1281089C (en) 1991-03-05
GR3004030T3 (zh) 1993-03-31
CH669482A5 (zh) 1989-03-15
HK29693A (en) 1993-04-02
EP0267870B1 (fr) 1991-12-11
KR960000924B1 (ko) 1996-01-15
PT85932A (pt) 1988-12-15
US4816611A (en) 1989-03-28
ES2028910T3 (es) 1992-07-16
JPS63126121A (ja) 1988-05-30
KR880006811A (ko) 1988-07-25
AU591357B2 (en) 1989-11-30
EP0267870A1 (fr) 1988-05-18
CN87107192A (zh) 1988-06-01
PT85932B (pt) 1993-08-31

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