CN103416639A - Method for rapidly debitterizing bitter almonds by ultrasound induction - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly debitterizing bitter almonds by ultrasound induction, and belongs to the field of food industry. The method comprises the steps of raw material treatment and debitterizing. Raw material treatment comprises the steps of rinsing, removing dust, then, placing the bitter almonds into water bath at the temperature of 90 DEG C-95 DEG C to be heated for 3-5min, then rapidly placing the bitter almonds into cold water, and rubbing cuticular layers. The debitterizing comprises the steps of placing the cleaned and peeled almonds into a beaker, adding an ethanol solution with a certain volume, using an opening sealing film for sealing, then, placing the almonds into an ultrasonic cleaner, setting the ultrasonic power, the temperature, the ultrasonic time and the ultrasonic frequency, conducting conduct debitterizing by ultrasound induction, and explaining the advantages of the method for rapidly debitterizing the bitter almonds by the ultrasound induction by testing the content of bitter almond glycosides after the debitterizing. According to the method, the debitterizing time is greatly shortened, the amount of water is greatly reduced, the content of accessory substances in water of the debitterizing bitter almonds is high, recycling is facilitated, therefore, environmental pollution is reduced, the labor intensity is greatly reduced, the cost of equipment is low, and the equipment is easily operated and popularized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of food industry, especially relate to the method for the quick debitterize of a kind of supersonic induced semen armeniacae amarae.
Background technology
The dry mature kernal that semen armeniacae amarae (Semen armeniacae amarum) is rosaceous plant ansu apricot Prunusarmeniaca L.var.ansu Maxim., Siberia apricot Prunus sibirica L., prunus mandshuricaKoehne Prunus mandshurica (Maxim.) Koehne or apricot Prunus armeniaca L., at home and abroad all have in the international nut of extensive distribution ，Zai market and also occupy critical role
[3].Semen armeniacae amarae is nutritious, and its main component comprises amarogentin (2%-7%), almond oil (45%), almond protein (25%) and carbohydrate (3%); Also contain in addition various trace elements (as potassium, calcium, iron etc.) and abundant vitamin E
[4]These have determined that semen armeniacae amarae has high edible and medical value, are the very good materials of develop function foods.
Amarogentin (Amygdalin) is one of amygdalate major function composition, is commonly called as Cobastab
17, be the main source of semen armeniacae amarae bitter taste.Within 1803, Schrader has found this type of material in the semen armeniacae amarae, and within 1830, Robiquet has isolated amarogentin from semen armeniacae amarae.Amarogentin can be in acidity or human body under the effect of glucuroide degraded generate benzaldehyde, glucose and hydrogen cyanide; Benzaldehyde has the peculiar taste material that peat-reek is almond food, also has the function that suppresses pepsin, regulates the stomach digestive system simultaneously; And hydrogen cyanide has the effect of inhibition or kill cancer cell, alleviation pain caused by cancer.Pharmacological research shows, amarogentin has the effects such as antitussive and antiasthmatic, antitumor, anti-hepatic fibrosis, enhancing immunity, has become the pharmaceutically important composition composition of expelling phlegm and arresting coughing, complementary cancer therapy drug.Because hydrogen cyanide has severe toxicity, take in the 0.1-0.2 gram and get final product the causing death, so once edible semen armeniacae amarae, amarogentin all easily cause the serious acute poisoning in a large number; Its mechanism of poisoning is that the ferric iron in hydrogen cyanide and line grain cylinder cell pigment oxidizing ferment reacts, thereby inhibitory enzyme activity causes cellular respiration, suppresses, and causes death.Toxicologic study shows, toxicity and the method for administration of amarogentin are closely related, and why oral administration toxicity is greater than intravenously administrable, thereby main cause is amarogentin, can is hydrolyzed and produces more hydrogen cyanide by enteric microorganism.In a word, although amarogentin has clear and definite physiology, pharmacologically active, if edible or processing method is improper, we can think amarogentin to human body without any effect, or even noxious material.Therefore, debitterize has become the critical process flow process in the semen armeniacae amarae production and processing, is on the one hand in order to meet the mouthfeel requirement of product, is on the other hand to reduce the toxicity of semen armeniacae amarae when edible.
At present, no matter be the elementary processed goods of semen armeniacae amarae (apricot lobe) or deep processing product (almond milk, almond meal), all must pass through the debitterize treatment process on market.Its debitterize basic principle is utilized exactly amarogentin to water, acid, enzyme or is added heat-labile character, thereby amarogentin is moved out from semen armeniacae amarae or degrade to make its bitter taste weaken or disappear.The method report of relevant semen armeniacae amarae debitterize is less, mainly is divided into conventional method and quick debitterizing method.The tradition debitterizing method is mainly with different temperatures clear water or acid (alkali) solution-treated semen armeniacae amarae, thereby its amarogentin degraded bitter taste is eliminated; At present, main report has following several method:
Pull out bitter method containing skin cold water: be generally first not go the semen armeniacae amarae of kind of skin to soak softening a few hours in 40-50 ℃ of water, then use cold water soak instead, change water every day 2-3 time, general 7-8d can remove amygdalate bitter taste in left and right.
Peeling cold water debittering france: be generally first semen armeniacae amarae to be removed to kind of skin to process, and then will soak in cold water through the semen armeniacae amarae of peeling, thereby deviate from bitter taste.
Peeling acid treatment debittering france: the semen armeniacae amarae of peeling is put into certain density acid solution and is soaked or boil certain hour, makes the amarogentin acidolysis and debitterize.
Peeling hot water debittering france: history Tsing-Hua University report will be removed the peel semen armeniacae amarae and be soaked in 70 ℃ of hot water, every two hours change hot water one time, through 5-6h, can obtain pure white, the direct-edible debittering almond of outward appearance.
Peeling soda acid alternate treatment debittering france: Zhu Hailan research shows: will be soaked in through the semen armeniacae amarae of 0.5% sodium carbonate and the peeling of 5% calcium hydroxide in 0.3%HCl solution after 48h, then use 0.5%Na
2CO
3Processing can make amygdalate detoxification rate reach 95.9%.
Because traditional debitterizing method exists, energy consumption (needs large water gaging, heat energy) greatly, the time is long (short 6 hours, long 7-8 days) and accessory substance (as amarogentin degradation product benzaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide) fail the shortcomings such as effectively utilization, caused semen armeniacae amarae processing industry production scale less, the problems such as the production cycle is long, ability is low, the wasting of resources and environmental pollution.Therefore, the semen armeniacae amarae processor thirsts for having a kind of method and technology that fast, efficiently makes the semen armeniacae amarae debitterize always, and this is also the common long-cherished wish of researcher.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: the method for the quick debitterize of a kind of supersonic induced semen armeniacae amarae is provided, has greatly shortened the time; Greatly reduced the consumption of water, and high being convenient to of the by-products content in debittering almond water recycle, thereby reduced the pollution to environment.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is:
The method of the quick debitterize of a kind of supersonic induced semen armeniacae amarae, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1: raw material is processed:
Choose almond, rinsing dust removal soil, then be placed in 90～95 ℃ of water-baths and heat 3～5min, then be placed in cold water rapidly, rubs with the hands and remove epidermis;
S2: the almond by after cleaning in step S1, removing the peel, be placed in beaker, add the certain volume ethanolic solution, with the sealed membrane sealing, be placed in ultrasonic cleaner, set ultrasonic power, temperature, ultrasonic extraction time, supersonic frequency, carry out ultrasonic wave and go hardship.
Preferred parameter is as described below, and almond: ethanol is 1:15 (g:mL), and concentration of alcohol is 80%, 40 ℃ of temperature, time 120min, power 300W, frequency 100kHz.
Adopted technique scheme, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) 4 day time when the technology of the present invention can make semen armeniacae amarae be soaked by tradition (now substantially without bitter taste) shortens in ultrasonic 120 minutes, has greatly shortened the time;
(2) greatly reduced the consumption of water, and high being convenient to of the by-products content in debittering almond water recycle, thereby reduced the pollution to environment;
(3) soak debitterize with tradition and compare, labour intensity reduces greatly;
(4) with the vacuum debitterize, compare, equipment cost is low, easy operating and popularizing;
(5) compare with enzyme process, microbial method debitterize, do not need during ultrasonic debitterize amygdalate solid shape is changed to (other need to be pulverized semen armeniacae amarae mostly).
The accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the amarogentin calibration curve;
Accompanying drawing 2 is impacts of different solid comparison amarogentin residual rate;
Accompanying drawing 3 is different temperatures impacts on the amarogentin residual rate;
Accompanying drawing 4 is the impacts on the amarogentin residual rate of different volume fraction of ethanols;
Accompanying drawing 5 is supersonic frequency impacts on the amarogentin residual rate;
Accompanying drawing 6 is ultrasonic power impacts on the amarogentin residual rate;
Accompanying drawing 7 is ultrasonic time impacts on the amarogentin residual rate.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
The method of the quick debitterize of a kind of supersonic induced semen armeniacae amarae comprises the following steps:
S1: raw material is processed:
Choose almond, rinsing dust removal soil, then be placed in 90～95 ℃ of water-baths and heat 3～5min, then be placed in cold water rapidly, rubs with the hands and remove epidermis;
S2: the almond by after cleaning in step S1, removing the peel, be placed in beaker, add the certain volume ethanolic solution, with the sealed membrane sealing, be placed in ultrasonic cleaner, set ultrasonic power, temperature, ultrasonic extraction time, supersonic frequency, carry out ultrasonic wave and go hardship.Wherein, described almond: ethanol is 1:15 (g:mL), and described concentration of alcohol is 80%, 40 ℃ of temperature, time 120min, power 300W, frequency 100kHz.
Below in conjunction with concrete experimentation with to the mensuration of amarogentin after debitterize, the method to the quick debitterize of supersonic induced semen armeniacae amarae describes.
1 materials and methods
1.1 main material and equipment
Semen armeniacae amarae: be purchased from the northwest Market of Chinese Materia Medica; The amarogentin standard items (chromatographically pure, purity > 98%): be purchased from the Xi'an green biotechnology of gold Co., Ltd; Methyl alcohol, absolute ethyl alcohol (sky, Tianjin power chemical reagent Co., Ltd product); Hydrochloric acid (Xi'an chemical reagent factory product), more than be analysis pure; Liquid phase methyl alcohol is chromatographically pure (U.S. Fisher Scientific company product); Citric acid is food stage.
Electronic balance (model PL203, Mettler-Toledo Instrument (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.); FW400A high speed Universalpulverizer (Ke Wei Yongxing, Beijing Instrument Ltd.); KQ-300VDE type three frequency controlled ultrasonic wave washers (Kunshan Ultrasonic Instruments Co., Ltd.); TU-1810 ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (Beijing Puxi General Instrument Co., Ltd); Water1525 pump high performance liquid chromatograph, Water2996DAD detector (Co., Ltd in Waters science and technology), Agilent TC-C18 chromatographic column (specification: 250 * 4.6mm, 5 μ m); The electronic thermostatic water-bath, 101 type electric drying oven with forced convections (Ke Wei Yongxing, Beijing Instrument Ltd.), refrigerator.
1.2 experimental technique
S1: raw material is processed:
Choose almond, rinsing dust removal soil, then be placed in 90～95 ℃ of water-baths and heat 3～5min, then be placed in cold water rapidly, rubs with the hands and remove epidermis;
S2: the drafting of calibration curve:
(1) the selection precision of mensuration wavelength takes 100.00mg amarogentin standard items, with methyl alcohol, dissolves and is settled in the 100mL volumetric flask, makes 1.0mg/mL amarogentin standard liquid; By the amarogentin standard liquid of 1.0mg/mL, carry out full wavelength scanner (methyl alcohol is made blank) in 190～600nm wave-length coverage, the optimum absorb wavelength of determining the determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry amarogentin is 221nm;
(2) get the described 1.0mg/mL amarogentin of step (1) standard liquid as mother liquor, accurately pipette standard liquid 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0mL, respectively by methanol constant volume to 10mL, obtaining concentration is 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0mg/mL series standard solution, make reference with methyl alcohol, survey respectively its absorbance at the 221nm place, the concentration C (mg/mL) of take is abscissa, A221 (nm) carries out linear regression for ordinate, (wherein, A221 is the absorbance at the 221nm place) the drawing standard curve, and draw regression equation: Y=3.4312X+0.0541, R
2=0.9967, as shown in Figure 1.
S3: by the almond after cleaning in step S1, removing the peel, be placed in beaker, add the certain volume ethanolic solution, with the sealed membrane sealing, be placed in ultrasonic cleaner, set ultrasonic power, temperature, ultrasonic extraction time, supersonic frequency, carry out ultrasonic wave and go hardship, after ultrasonic end, take out after almond is dried and pulverized; Take a certain amount of powder with the ethanol constant volume in the 25mL volumetric flask, shake up to place after 12h and draw supernatant and filtered, measure filtrate A
221.Wherein, described almond: ethanol is 1:15 (g:mL), and described concentration of alcohol is 80%, 40 ℃ of temperature, time 120min, power 300W, frequency 100kHz.
1.3 experiment condition analysis
1.3.1 solid-to-liquid ratio on ultrasonication after the impact of amarogentin residual rate
At 80% ethanol, 40 ℃ of ultrasonic temperature, ultrasonic power 300W, time 30min, under frequency 45kHz condition, different solid is than (almond: ethanolic solution=g:mL) impact of amarogentin effect in semen armeniacae amarae be the results are shown in to following table 1 and accompanying drawing 2.
The impact of table 1 different solid comparison amarogentin residual rate
Known according to Fig. 2 result, solid-to-liquid ratio is when 1:10-1:15, the amarogentin residual rate reduces with the increase of solid-to-liquid ratio, this is because when solid-to-liquid ratio is low, the concentration difference that has increased active ingredient between solid-liquid system along with the raising of solid-to-liquid ratio is conducive to mass transfer, and microjet and hot localised points that hyperacoustic cavitation effect forms have more increased the contact area between amarogentin and ethanol, accelerated the dissolving of amarogentin in ethanol, thereby residual rate reduces; After solid-to-liquid ratio surpasses 1:15, residual rate has increased slightly, and this is due to due to suction-operated strengthens.Therefore, determine that the best solid-to-liquid ratio of ultrasonic debitterize is 1:15.
1.3.2 ultrasonic temperature on ultrasonication after the impact of amarogentin residual rate
At 80% ethanol, solid-to-liquid ratio 1:15 (g:mL), ultrasonic power 300W, time 30min, under frequency 45kHz condition, different ultrasonic temperature the results are shown in following table 2 and accompanying drawing 3 to the impact of amarogentin effect in semen armeniacae amarae.
The impact of table 2 different temperatures on the amarogentin residual rate
Known according to Fig. 3 result, ultrasonic temperature is in the time of 20-40 ℃, and the amarogentin residual rate presents reduction trend with the increase of temperature, and this may be due to temperature when low, and intensification can make the solubility of amarogentin in ethanol increase; After temperature surpasses 40 ℃, heat up in theory and contribute to amarogentin hydrolysis stripping, but its residual rate does not have significant change, this is due in the 30min in test, temperature is difficult to reach almond inside, simultaneously, excess Temperature also can affect the solid forms (as protein denaturation, anti-to the stripping that is unfavorable for amarogentin) of semen armeniacae amarae itself.Therefore, determine that ultrasonic debitterize optimum temperature is 40 ℃.
1.3.3 volume fraction of ethanol on ultrasonication after the impact of amarogentin residual rate
At solid-to-liquid ratio 1:15 (g:mL), 40 ℃ of ultrasonic temperature, ultrasonic power 300W, time 30min, under frequency 45kHz condition, different volume fraction of ethanols the results are shown in following table 3 and accompanying drawing 4 to the impact of amarogentin effect in semen armeniacae amarae.
The impact of the different volume fraction of ethanols of table 3 on the amarogentin residual rate
Known according to Fig. 4 result, volume fraction of ethanol is when 40-80%, and the amarogentin residual rate is and reduces trend with the increase of volume fraction of ethanol, and this is that the concentration that increases ethanol is conducive to the increase of amarogentin solubility due to when volume fraction of ethanol is low; After volume fraction of ethanol surpasses 80%, the residual unexpected increase of amarogentin, this be because the almond structure because of the effect of the ethanol finer and close resistance to mass tranfer that increased that becomes, the amarogentin of almond inside than the amarogentin on almond surface more indissoluble go out, slowed down the diffusion of amarogentin to the main body solvent.Therefore, determine that the best volume fraction of ethanol of ultrasonic debitterize is 80%.
1.3.4 supersonic frequency on ultrasonication after the impact of amarogentin residual rate
At solid-to-liquid ratio 1:15 (g:mL), 40 ℃ of ultrasonic temperature, 80% ethanolic solution, ultrasonic power 300W, under the condition of time 30min, different supersonic frequencies the results are shown in following table 4 and accompanying drawing 5 to the impact of amarogentin effect in semen armeniacae amarae.
The impact of table 4 supersonic frequency on the amarogentin residual rate
Known according to Fig. 5 result, along with the increase of ultrasonic frequency, in almond, the amarogentin residual rate reduces gradually, and this is because ultrasonic frequency is larger, and the ultrasonic wave wavelength is shorter, and ultrasonic energy is larger.Therefore, determine that ultrasonic debitterize optimum frequency is 100kHz.
1.3.5 ultrasonic power on ultrasonication after the impact of amarogentin residual rate
At solid-to-liquid ratio 1:15 (g:mL), 40 ℃ of ultrasonic temperature, 80% ethanolic solution, supersonic frequency 100kHz, under the condition of time 30min, different ultrasonic power the results are shown in following table 5 and accompanying drawing 6 to the impact of amarogentin effect in semen armeniacae amarae.
The impact of table 5 ultrasonic power on the amarogentin residual rate
Known according to Fig. 6 result, along with the increase of ultrasonic power, in almond, the residual rate of amarogentin reduces gradually, and this is that ul-trasonic irradiation is stronger because ultrasonic power is larger.Therefore, determine that ultrasonic debitterize best power is 300W.
1.3.6 ultrasonic time on ultrasonication after the impact of amarogentin residual rate
At solid-to-liquid ratio 1:15 (g:mL), 40 ℃ of ultrasonic temperature, 80% ethanolic solution, supersonic frequency 100kHz, under the condition of ultrasonic power 300W, different ultrasonic times the results are shown in following table 6 and accompanying drawing 7 to the impact of amarogentin effect in semen armeniacae amarae.
The impact of table 6 ultrasonic time on the amarogentin residual rate
Known according to Fig. 7 result, in ultrasonic time is 45-120min, in semen armeniacae amarae, the residual rate of amarogentin changes not obvious, this may be because the superficial cell of ultrasonic initial stage almond breaks, the a large amount of strippings of amarogentin, but, due to the structural integrity of almond, strengthened the difficulty of inner amarogentin stripping, therefore extend ultrasonic time, obviously do not reduce the residual rate of amarogentin.Therefore, determine that the ultrasonic debitterize time is in 120min.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned concrete embodiment, and those of ordinary skill in the art is from above-mentioned design, and without performing creative labour, all conversion of having done, within all dropping on protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the method for the quick debitterize of supersonic induced semen armeniacae amarae, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1: raw material is processed
Choose almond, rinsing dust removal soil, then be placed in 90～95 ℃ of water-baths and heat 3～5min, then be placed in cold water rapidly, rubs with the hands and remove epidermis;
S2: the almond by after cleaning in step S1, removing the peel, be placed in beaker, add the certain volume ethanolic solution, with the sealed membrane sealing, be placed in ultrasonic cleaner, set ultrasonic power, temperature, ultrasonic extraction time, supersonic frequency, carry out the supersonic induced hardship of going.
2. the method for the quick debitterize of a kind of supersonic induced semen armeniacae amarae according to claim 1, it is characterized in that almond: ethanol is 1:15 (g:mL), and concentration of alcohol is 80%, 40 ℃ of temperature, time 120min, power 300W, frequency 100kHz.
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| CN107095122A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-08-29 | 渤海大学 | A kind of method of formaldehyde in elimination Peru squid |
| CN107307270A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-11-03 | 广西中医药大学 | Method for rapidly debitterizing and astringing elegans |
| CN107495269A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2017-12-22 | 黄松 | The processing method of almond |
| CN107759644A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-03-06 | 陕西师范大学 | A kind of method that Amberlyst process recovery semen armeniacae amarae takes off amarogentin in misery |
| CN108439551A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-08-24 | 河北民族师范学院 | A kind of de- bitter sewage treatment equipment of semen armeniacae amarae and its processing method |
| CN111227166A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-06-05 | 承德顺天食品有限公司 | Bitter almond debitterizing method |
| CN112715828A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-04-30 | 华中农业大学 | Production method for rapidly debitterizing peony seeds |
| CN115413710A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-12-02 | 承德乐野食品有限公司 | Almond and quinoa beverage for improving sleep and preparation method |
| WO2023174942A1 (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2023-09-21 | Kern Tec Gmbh | Method for reducing the content of cyanogenic compounds in plant seeds |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107095122A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-08-29 | 渤海大学 | A kind of method of formaldehyde in elimination Peru squid |
| CN107307270A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-11-03 | 广西中医药大学 | Method for rapidly debitterizing and astringing elegans |
| CN107307270B (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2019-12-10 | 广西中医药大学 | method for rapidly debitterizing and astringing elegans |
| CN107495269A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2017-12-22 | 黄松 | The processing method of almond |
| CN107759644A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-03-06 | 陕西师范大学 | A kind of method that Amberlyst process recovery semen armeniacae amarae takes off amarogentin in misery |
| CN107759644B (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2020-04-17 | 陕西师范大学 | Method for recovering amygdalin in debitterized water of bitter almonds by macroporous resin method |
| CN108439551A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-08-24 | 河北民族师范学院 | A kind of de- bitter sewage treatment equipment of semen armeniacae amarae and its processing method |
| CN111227166A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-06-05 | 承德顺天食品有限公司 | Bitter almond debitterizing method |
| CN112715828A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-04-30 | 华中农业大学 | Production method for rapidly debitterizing peony seeds |
| CN115413710A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-12-02 | 承德乐野食品有限公司 | Almond and quinoa beverage for improving sleep and preparation method |
| WO2023174942A1 (en) * | 2022-03-14 | 2023-09-21 | Kern Tec Gmbh | Method for reducing the content of cyanogenic compounds in plant seeds |
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