CN103407377B - 一种接触网和动力包混合供电的动车组牵引系统 - Google Patents

一种接触网和动力包混合供电的动车组牵引系统 Download PDF

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CN103407377B
CN103407377B CN201310252209.2A CN201310252209A CN103407377B CN 103407377 B CN103407377 B CN 103407377B CN 201310252209 A CN201310252209 A CN 201310252209A CN 103407377 B CN103407377 B CN 103407377B
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traction
power
interface
quadrant rectifier
charging device
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赵明花
李军
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CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co Ltd
China State Railway Group Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/13—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines using AC generators and AC motors
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/02—Dynamic electric resistor braking
    • B60L7/06—Dynamic electric resistor braking for vehicles propelled by ac motors
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
    • B60L9/16—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors
    • B60L9/24—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from ac supply lines
    • B60L9/28—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from ac supply lines polyphase motors
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/527—Voltage
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    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/529—Current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • B60L2240/66—Ambient conditions
    • B60L2240/667—Precipitation
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract

一种接触网和动力包混合供电的动车组牵引系统，其特征在于：主要包括牵引变压器、动力包、牵引变流器、牵引电机、制动电阻，接触网通过受电弓与牵引变压器原边相连，牵引变压器两个副边绕组直接与牵引变流器相连，牵引变流器与牵引电机连接，柴油机与发电机组成动力包，发电机三相输出直接与牵引变流器相连。本发明能够实现跨线运行，可适应不同环境的不同运输需求；在非电气化路段，采用动力包供电模式，实现无接触网工况的正常运行；由于采用了两套动力系统，该动车组不仅具有非电气化路段的运行能力，在特殊的雨雪天气或接触网受损时有应急救援和战备功能。

Description

一种接触网和动力包混合供电的动车组牵引系统
技术领域
本发明涉及动车组牵引系统，尤其涉及一种接触网和动力包混合供电的动车组电力牵引系统。
背景技术
牵引系统是动车组传动系统的核心，肩负着为列车提供行驶动力的任务。传统的动车组牵引系统主要为单一的电力牵引采用接触网供电模式，只能运行在电气化铁路上，或者采用单一的热动力源牵引，运行在非电气化铁路上。而根据我国铁路规划，截至2012年底，我国电气化铁路占全国铁路线路的53%；根据《中长期铁路网规划》，预计2020年，电气化铁路将占全国铁路线路的60%，非电气化铁路仍将长期占有很大比例。所有单一电力牵引的动车组无法满足在非电气化铁路上运行，并且在电气化路段发生故障或者车辆本身高压系统发生故障时，无法及时实行自救。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种混合动力的动车组牵引系统，实现动车组有、无接触网的情况下都能正常运行的同时,实现混合动力的最佳加速性能和应急救援、战备等目的。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种接触网和动力包混合供电的动车组牵引系统，其特征在于：主要包括牵引变压器、动力包、牵引变流器、牵引电机、制动电阻，接触网通过受电弓与牵引变压器原边相连，牵引变压器两个副边绕组直接与牵引变流器相连，牵引变流器与牵引电机连接，柴油机与发电机组成动力包，发电机三相输出直接与牵引变流器相连。
牵引变流器包括牵引变压器接口、动力包接口、第一预充电装置、第二预充电装置、四象限整流器、中间直流环节、牵引逆变器、过压抑制电路、牵引电机接口和辅助变流器接口，所述牵引变压器接口与所述四象限整流器的输入端连接，所述动力包接口与所述四象限整流器的输入端连接，所述第一预充电装置设置在所述牵引变压器接口与所述四象限整流器之间的电路上，所述第二预充电装置设置在所述动力包接口与所述四象限整流器之间的电路上，所述四象限整流器的输出端与所述牵引逆变器的输入端连接，所述中间直流环节并联在所述四象限整流器的输出端直流母线上，所述牵引逆变器的输出端与所述牵引电机接口连接，所述过压抑制电路并联在所述四象限整流器的输出端直流母线上，所述辅助变流器接口并联在所述四象限整流器的输出端直流母线上。
所述第一预充电装置和第二预充电装置均包括主接触器、预充电接触器和预充电电阻；所述主接触器用于控制主电路的通断，所述预充电接触器用于分别控制所述第一预充电装置和第二预充电装置向所述支撑电容预充电。
所述中间直流环节包括支撑电容和电容放电电阻。
所述过压抑制电路包括串联的IGBT功率器件和能量吸收电阻。
所述的牵引系统还包括制动电阻。
本发明与现有技术相比所具有的有益效果：
1）能够实现跨线运行，可适应不同环境的不同运输需求。
2）在非电气化路段，采用动力包供电模式，实现无接触网工况的正常运行。
3）动力包采用车下安装方式，与传统动车组机械结构一致，减少设计成本4）动力包采用高度集成方式，大大减小了动力包的功率和体积、重量，实现最佳的功率密度。
5）由于采用了两套动力系统，该动车组不仅具有非电气化路段的运行能力，在特殊的雨雪天气或接触网受损时有应急救援和战备功能。 
附图说明
图1为本发明实施方式主电路原理图；
图2为牵引变流器组成框图；
图3为牵引变流器主电路原理图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，本发明实施方式主要包括牵引变压器、动力包、牵引变流器、牵引电机，接触网通过受电弓与牵引变压器原边相连，牵引变压器两个副边绕组直接与牵引变流器相连，牵引变流器与牵引电机连接，牵引变压器的作用是将交流接触网的单相网压降压，作为牵引变流器的输入电压，牵引变流器再驱动牵引电机实现动车组牵引，柴油机与发电机组成内燃动力包，发电机三相输出直接与牵引变流器相连。
参照图2、图3，1. 牵引变压器接口2. 动力包接口3.牵引电机接口4. 第一预充电装置5.四象限整流器6.中间直流环节7.牵引逆变器8.辅助变流器接口9.过压抑制电路10.第二预充电装置
牵引变压器接口1与四象限整流器5的输入端连接，牵引变压器接口1用于对接触网的单相网压降压。动力包接口2与四象限整流器5的输入端连接，中间直流环节6并联在四象限整流器5的输出端直流母线上，四象限整流器5的输出端与牵引逆变器7的输入端连接，牵引逆变器7的输出端与牵引电机接口3连接，为牵引电机接口3供电，通过牵引电机接口3为动车组提供动力。中间直流环节6可以包括支撑电容C1和电容放电电阻Rc1,支撑电容C1对四象限整流器5的输出端具有滤波作用，能够稳定四象限整流器5输出端的直流电压。过压抑制电路9并联在四象限整流器5的输出端直流母线上的，过压抑制电路9包括串联的IGBT功率器件IV7和能量吸收电阻Rov，过压抑制电路9用于吸收中间直流环节6中的瞬时电压尖峰，以保证电路中IGBT功率器件的安全。辅助变流器接口8并联在四象限整流器5的输出端直流母线上，通过中间直流环节6为辅助变流器接口8供电，辅助变流器接口8用于向动车组的辅助负载供电。第一预充电装置4设置在牵引变压器接口1与四象限整流器5之间的电路上，第二预充电装置10设置在动力包接口2与四象限整流器5之间的电路上；其中，第一预充电装置4和第二预充电装置10相同，第一预充电装置4包括第一主接触器LK1、第一预充电接触器K1和第一预充电电阻R1。第二预充电装置10包括第二主接触器LK2、第二预充电接触器K2和第二预充电电阻R2。
当中间直流环节6的中间直流电压较低时，可以先闭合第一预充电接触器K1，同过第一预充电电阻R1和四象限整流器5的反并联二极管对支撑电容C1充电。当支撑电容C1两端的电压达到一定值后闭合第一主接触LK1、断开第一预充电接触器K1，启动整流器5。此时，第二预充电接触器K2和第二主接触器LK2应保持断开。
当中间直流环节6的中间直流电压较低时，也可以先闭合第二预充电接触器K2，通过第二预充电电阻R2和整流器5的反并联二极管对支撑电容C1充电。当支撑电容C1两端的电压达到一定值后闭合第二主接触LK2、断开第二预充电接触器K2。此时，第一预充电接触器K1和第一主接触器LK1应保持断开。
在本实施例中，四象限整流器5包括八个IGBT（Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，绝缘栅双极型晶体管）功率器件，具体为IGBT 功率器件CV1-CV8，四象限整流器5用于实现AC/DC（交流直流）变换，接触网供电模式下，该四象限整流器采用两电平主电路拓扑，通过移相脉宽调制技术使得该四象限整流器5的等效开关频率变为单个整流器开关频率的两倍，从而大大减小四象限整流器5的电流谐波；动力包供电模式下，可以仅利用三相桥臂进行二极管不控或四象限整流，以提供稳定的直流电压。
牵引逆变器7可以包括六个IGBT功率器件IV1-IV6，通过DC/AC（直流/交流）变换，将中间直流电压逆变为电压和频率可调节的三相交流电，用于驱动并联的牵引电机接口3，为动车组提供动力。牵引逆变器7可以采用高性能电机控制算法，在准确磁链观测的基础上，可以对牵引电机接口3进行精确的转矩控制，以保证动车组良好的加减速性能和运行的平稳可靠；另外，可以采用多模式调制算法，以充分利用直流电压，并降低功率器件损耗，减小噪声。
工作过程：在有电力源工况下，在列车牵引时，使用四象限整流器进行供电，保证列车牵引、辅助系统正常运行；在列车制动时，使用四象限整流器将制动能量回馈电网。
在无电力源工况下，在列车牵引时，使用四象限整流器对热动力源输出进行整流，满足列车运行的需求；在列车制动时，制动能量使用制动电阻消耗。

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1.一种接触网和动力包混合供电的动车组牵引系统，其特征在于：主要包括牵引变压器、动力包、牵引变流器、牵引电机、制动电阻，接触网通过受电弓与牵引变压器原边相连，牵引变压器两个副边绕组直接与牵引变流器相连，牵引变流器与牵引电机连接，柴油机与发电机组成动力包，发电机三相输出直接与牵引变流器相连；所述的牵引变流器包括牵引变压器接口、动力包接口、第一预充电装置、第二预充电装置、四象限整流器、中间直流环节、牵引逆变器、过压抑制电路、牵引电机接口和辅助变流器接口，所述牵引变压器接口与所述四象限整流器的输入端连接，所述动力包接口与所述四象限整流器的输入端连接，所述第一预充电装置设置在所述牵引变压器接口与所述四象限整流器之间的电路上，所述第二预充电装置设置在所述动力包接口与所述四象限整流器之间的电路上，所述四象限整流器的输出端与所述牵引逆变器的输入端连接，所述中间直流环节并联在所述四象限整流器的输出端直流母线上，所述牵引逆变器的输出端与所述牵引电机接口连接，所述过压抑制电路并联在所述四象限整流器的输出端直流母线上，所述辅助变流器接口并联在所述四象限整流器的输出端直流母线上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种接触网和动力包混合供电的动车组牵引系统，其特征在于：所述第一预充电装置和第二预充电装置均包括主接触器、预充电接触器和预充电电阻；所述主接触器用于控制主电路的通断，所述预充电接触器用于分别控制所述第一预充电装置和第二预充电装置向所述中间直流环节预充电。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种接触网和动力包混合供电的动车组牵引系统，其特征在于：所述中间直流环节包括支撑电容和电容放电电阻。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种接触网和动力包混合供电的动车组牵引系统，其特征在于：所述过压抑制电路包括串联的IGBT功率器件和能量吸收电阻。
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