CN103404397B - A kind of method utilizing thermal treatment to prevent and treat Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen - Google Patents

A kind of method utilizing thermal treatment to prevent and treat Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen Download PDF

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CN103404397B
CN103404397B CN201310318834.2A CN201310318834A CN103404397B CN 103404397 B CN103404397 B CN 103404397B CN 201310318834 A CN201310318834 A CN 201310318834A CN 103404397 B CN103404397 B CN 103404397B
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tree body
thermal treatment
yellow twig
tangerines
oranges
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CN103404397A (en
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邓晓玲
许美容
关磊
郑正
梁美丹
夏育陆
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South China Agricultural University
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Abstract

The present invention specifically discloses a kind of method utilizing thermal treatment to prevent and treat Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen.Concrete steps are continue thermal treatment 2 ~ 5 hours under the mandarin tree body contaminating yellow twig being placed in 45 ~ 52 DEG C of environment, cultivate under then tree body being placed in environmental temperature; Within following one week, repeat above operation, process 3 ~ 4 weeks continuously.The economic environmental protection of method that the present invention is used, can greatly reduce or eliminate the content of the pathogenetic bacteria in sick tree, the tree vigo(u)r that experiment is set recovers and normal growth, and the yield and quality of oranges and tangerines significantly improves.

Description

A kind of method utilizing thermal treatment to prevent and treat Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of plant protection, be specifically related to a kind of method utilizing thermal treatment to prevent and treat Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen.
Background technology
Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen Orange Producing endangers destructive disease the most serious.This disease finds early than the Chao-Shan Area in China Guangdong in 1919, so far at more than 50 countries and regions occurrence and harms.11 producing regions are had to be subject to coercing of yellow twig in 17 oranges and tangerines producing regions of China, and particularly serious as Guangdong of oranges and tangerines main producing region, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, Hainan.The classical symptom of morbidity oranges and tangerines plant is " the yellow tip ", the mottled yellow of blade, fruit diminish, formed without economic worth " Chinese olive " or " coppernose really ".Morbidity later stage root system is downright bad, and tree vigo(u)r fails, and causes fallen leaves, shedding, and plant is dead.
The cause of disease of Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen be limited to phloem bacillus " candidatusliberibacter spp ", take food propagation by grafting and wood louse." ca. L. spp " be divided at present for dominant population heat resistant type Asia kind (" ca. L. asiaticus "), once the popular responsive to temperature type America kind of Brazil (" ca. L. americanus ") and the Africa kind (" Ca. L. africanus ") popular in South Africa.Cause of disease can be detected in bark tissue, leaf, flower, root and fruit.
For this popular century-old yellow twig that caused harm, lack the feasible method that effectively directly can reduce or eliminate cause of disease in diseased plant at present.In oranges and tangerines varieties of plant, lack the kind money resource of anti-/ resistance to yellow twig, therefore over more than 100 year, people adopt the method for integrated control to control this disease: be first check on from nursery stock, strengthen quarantine, select anosis nursery stock and scion; Secondly cultivation management (rational application of fertilizer is irrigated, and extracts summer bud, wipes out water sprout, suitable fruit thinning etc.) is strengthened for mild disease tree, wipe out disease branch in time, injection of antibiotics; Grave illness tree is then directly excavated or surgeried; On blocking-up route of transmission, cause of disease field, then prevent and treat diaphorina citri by the method for chemistry, physics and biology.But the use of anosis nursery stock keeps away infecting and propagation of unavoidable field; Injection of antibiotics and chemical prevention and control method be contaminated environment but also relation food security not only; Excavate or surgery disease tree method directly will block Orange Producing.The nations of China and India is as far back as the sixties to the seventies in 20th century with the sick bud of hot water treatment and sick scion, and the oranges and tangerines after grafting obtain good detoxification efficiency.But be not directed to the thermal treatment report of Adult plant yellow twig tree at present.
In the feature of patent " utilizing biotic factor to control the method that spreads of Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen and purposes ", highlight with insecticide carry out winter clear garden and release flutter food mite before spray Insecticidal and acaricidal agent; This patent controls infecting again of yellow twig by preventing and treating diaphorina citri, namely spreads, do not have therapeutic action to the plant fallen ill.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the defect that in prior art, Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen Prevention Technique effect is bad, a kind of method utilizing thermal treatment to prevent and treat Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen is provided.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
Utilize thermal treatment to prevent and treat a method for Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen, continue thermal treatment 2 ~ 5 hours under comprising the steps: the mandarin tree body contaminating yellow twig to be placed in 45 ~ 52 DEG C of environment, cultivate under then tree body being placed in environmental temperature; Within following one week, repeat above operation, process 3 ~ 4 weeks continuously.
Described being placed in by the mandarin tree body contaminating yellow twig under 45 ~ 52 DEG C of environment continues the measure that thermal treatment this process in 2 ~ 5 hours can determine to provide according to the nurturing an environment of mandarin tree body 45 ~ 52 DEG C of environment.No matter which kind of measure, as long as it is just passable that the mandarin tree physical efficiency of catching an illness can be made under 45 ~ 52 DEG C of environment to continue thermal treatment 2 ~ 5 hours.
The described mandarin tree body having contaminated yellow twig comprises the land for growing field crops mandarin tree body contaminating yellow twig and the oranges and tangerines Potted orchard having contaminated yellow twig.
Mandarin tree body of catching an illness for large Tanaka can be heat-treated in the following ways, and concrete steps are as follows:
S1. framework is built: build framework in the mandarin tree body periphery, land for growing field crops contaminating yellow twig;
S2. plastic covering film: select the fine day that daily maximum temperature is greater than 35 DEG C, the intactly plastic covering film in the periphery of built framework, film internal temperature is made to reach 45 ~ 52 DEG C, mandarin tree body be placed in continue under 45 ~ 52 DEG C of environment thermal treatment 2 ~ 5 little after open film, cultivate under tree body is placed in environmental temperature; Within following one week, repeat above operation, process 3 ~ 4 weeks continuously.Certainly, land for growing field crops mandarin tree body also can adopt other mode to provide 45 ~ 52 DEG C of environment.
For catching an illness, oranges and tangerines Potted orchard can be heat-treated in the following ways, concrete steps are as follows: be placed in the temperature control box of 45 ~ 52 DEG C by the oranges and tangerines Potted orchard contaminating yellow twig, continue thermal treatment 2 ~ 5 hours, then by oranges and tangerines Potted orchard from temperature control box take out be placed in environmental temperature cultivate; Within following one week, repeat above operation, process 3 ~ 4 weeks continuously.
Or can adopt following methods, concrete steps are:
S1. framework is built: build framework in the oranges and tangerines Potted orchard periphery contaminating yellow twig;
S2. plastic covering film: select the fine day that daily maximum temperature is greater than 35 DEG C, the intactly plastic covering film in the periphery of built framework, film internal temperature is made to reach 45 ~ 52 DEG C, mandarin tree body be placed in continue under 45 ~ 52 DEG C of environment thermal treatment 2 ~ 5 little after open film, cultivate under tree body is placed in environmental temperature; Within following one week, repeat above operation, process 3 ~ 4 weeks continuously.Certainly, oranges and tangerines Potted orchard of catching an illness also can adopt other mode to provide 45 ~ 52 DEG C of environment.As long as the measure of 45 ~ 52 DEG C of environment can be provided all to be applicable to the present invention for mandarin tree body of catching an illness.
Material for building framework can select dry bamboo; Also can form by serial connections such as hollow iron pipe or stainless steel tubes; The framework adjustable point that the former builds is reused, and the latter has stronger mobility, can recycle for many years.
Plastic foil thickness described in step S2 is 6s, and width is 6m.Wider for the plastic foil needed for large tree, available wide 4.4 ~ 5.5 cm adhesive tape adhesions, to ensure that plastic foil fully can cover tree body and not be close to leaf.
At 11 at fine day noon that the control of temperature should be greater than 35 DEG C at the maximum air temperature on autumn days in summer carries out plastic covering film between at 5 in afternoon, and electron temperature recorder is placed in portion, middle part and bottom in the tree.
Blade and the branch of a small amount of damage of reply after each thermal treatment are pruned.
Continue thermal treatment under mandarin tree body of catching an illness is placed in 45 ~ 52 DEG C of environment to work the mischief to mandarin tree body for 2 ~ 5 hours, respectively test proof, high temperature can cause damage to the minority branches and leaves of cling films, therefore needs the pruning in later stage.If film is not attached to tree body, damage can not be had: first there is tree body capacity of self-regulation; The second, it is low that the temperature of root also compares to environmental temperature, and root is the key of plant growth; 3rd, oranges and tangerines are woody plants, and its institutional framework determines the susceptibility of temperature lower than general draft.
The present invention studies discovery: high-temperature processing method of the present invention for different cultivars, different onset degree mandarin tree body between effect be as broad as long, but in the age of tree, the heat treatment time of Potted orchard should be shorter, 2 ~ 3 hours; The processing time of field bearing tree should be longer, preferably reaches 4 ~ 5 hours.
The present invention's heat treatment method of economic environmental protection kills the pathogenetic bacteria in tree body, without the need to using chemical agent, around being conducive to the object that oranges and tangerines tree vigo(u)r recovers, output increases, build centered by physical control, in conjunction with the green prevention and control system of cultivation management, regulation and control and control of insect naturally.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the energy that the present invention utilizes is natural solar energy, without using chemical substances such as antibiotic, agricultural chemicals, fertilizer, and very economical environmental protection.The described frame built can be reused, and can be used as orchard farming operation as smeared slightly, supportting the aid of branch, harvesting.
2, the experiment proved that: cause of disease in Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen after the method for the invention thermal treatment tree " ca. Liberibacter asiaticus " concentration significantly minimizing before process, be even eliminated, Growth status is vigorous, and fruit quality recovers normal, and output significantly improves.
figure of description
Fig. 1. the processed group of Guangdong Huizhou field heat process 8 years raw sweet oranges and control sample before treatment, process latter 30 days, 60 days and 90 days CT value (A) and " ca. L. asisticus " copy number (B) change; What pillar was marked with different letter shows significant difference.
Fig. 2. the processed group of Guangdong Huizhou field heat process 8 years raw sweet oranges and each 12 yellow twigs tree of control group before treatment, process latter 30 days, 60 days and 90 days " ca. L. asisticus " copy number change; Wherein " T " represents process plant, and " C " represents adjoining tree.
Fig. 3. the processed group of Guangdong Qingyuan's field heat process 6 years greensands sugar tangerine and each 13 the granulated sugar tangerines infecting yellow twigs of control group before treatment with in the blade of process latter 30 days, 60 days, 90 days and 150 days " ca. L. asisticus " copy number change; Wherein " T " represents process plant, and " C " represents adjoining tree.
Fig. 4. the symptom before and after Guangdong Qingyuan's 7 years greensand sugar tangerine plant thermal treatment; Wherein A, B and C are for before process, and A ', B ' and C ' are latter 2 months of process.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention made and elaborating further, but embodiment does not limit in any form the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Chang Gangshan in Campus of South China Agricultural University has the solarium of 200 square meters.
Select to have contaminated each kind of yellow twig, each age and different onset degree mandarin tree as handling object.The handling object of the present embodiment is the granulated sugar tangerine Potted orchard of catching an illness choosing 18 lifes in 3 years in the autumn in 2011, and adopt solarium's plastic foil heat-treating methods to heat-treat oranges and tangerines Potted orchard of catching an illness, concrete steps are as follows:
S1. framework is built: build framework in the oranges and tangerines Potted orchard periphery contaminating yellow twig;
S2. plastic covering film: select the fine day that daily maximum temperature is greater than 35 DEG C, the intactly plastic covering film in the periphery of built framework, film internal temperature is made to reach 45 ~ 52 DEG C, mandarin tree body be placed in continue under 45 ~ 52 DEG C of environment thermal treatment 2 ~ 5 little after open film, cultivate under tree body is placed in environmental temperature; Within following one week, repeat above operation, process 3 ~ 4 weeks continuously.
The method processing latter 30 days and 90 days collected specimens Real time PCR respectively detects the yellow twig cause of disease content in sample.Found that: before processed group and control group process, CT value is without significant difference (P>0.05), and the CT value of two groups 30 days and 90 celestial poles enlarge markedly (namely cause of disease concentration extremely significantly reduces) (P<0.01) (the results are shown in Table 1) after treatment.Show plastic foil thermal treatment to suppress oranges and tangerines Potted orchard " ca. L. asisticus " there is good effect.
In table 1 solarium plastic foil thermal treatment oranges and tangerines Potted orchard " ca. L. asisticus " CT value is over time
Note: same column has different alphabetical person's significant difference (DMRT method)
Embodiment 2
Spring in 2012, the granulated sugar tangerine Potted orchard that 24 3 years ingrain diseases are chosen in experiment is put into temperature control box and is heat-treated, concrete heat treatment mode is: be assigned randomly to by this 24 young plant in 4 process: 42 DEG C, 46 DEG C, 50 DEG C and contrast, wherein each temperature processes weekly 1 time, each 2 hours, continuous coprocessing 4 times, namely processes 4 weeks continuously.After high temperature treatment, Potted orchard is taken out from temperature control box under being placed in environmental temperature and cultivate.
The method that process terminates latter 30 days, 60 days and 150 days collected specimens Real time PCR respectively detects the yellow twig cause of disease content in sample.Result is visible: control group and 42 DEG C of processed group before treatment after the CT value of some months without significant difference (P>0.05); And 46 DEG C to be compared with control group with 50 DEG C of processed group CT value of 30 days after treatment, 60 days, 150 days and 42 DEG C of processed group and all enlarge markedly (namely cause of disease concentration significantly reduces) (P<0.05); Difference between 46 DEG C and 50 DEG C of processed group is not significantly (P>0.05) (table 2).Result shows, 42 DEG C process 8 h can not to " ca. L. asisticus " produce obvious inhibitory action, and 46 DEG C ~ 50 DEG C process 8 h can significantly reduce " ca. L. asisticus " concentration.
After the potted plant yellow twig seedling of table 2 temperature control box thermal treatment, sample CT value over time (DMRT method)
Note: same column has different alphabetical person's significant difference (DMRT method)
Embodiment 3
Yangchuan village of Huizhou Boluo County is the severely afflicated area of Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen, and the oranges and tangerines field, Yangchuan village set up in nineteen fifty-one is one of well-known throughout the country oranges and tangerines field, and reach 2.0 ten thousand mu (1,000,000 strains trees) to its scale at the beginning of the seventies, within 1972, whole audience profit reaches 1,450,000 yuan.But yellow twig comes into vogue after 1974, and 1977 ~ nineteen eighty-two seriously occurs, finally cause sheet to ruin garden, the fragmentary citrus orchard existed starts to be distributed to self-employed worker.2011, my research department cooperated with Yangchuan village orchard worker Guan Meiying, on the basis ensureing orchard normal management, carried out heat treatment experiment.The orange-tree body selecting 24 strain life in 8 years seriously to fall ill is experiment material, covers heat-treating methods process 12 strains wherein with plastic foil; Plastic foil covers heat-treating methods concrete steps:
S1. framework is built: build framework according to the periphery that the size of tree body is set in disease; Material for building framework can select dry bamboo; Also can form by serial connections such as hollow iron pipe or stainless steel tubes; The framework adjustable point that the former builds is reused, and the latter has stronger mobility, can recycle for many years.
S2. plastic covering film: the fine day selecting daily maximum temperature to be greater than 35 DEG C, intactly covers common plastic foil in the periphery of built framework, makes the temperature of film inside reach 45 ~ 52 DEG C and continues 5 hours; Open film after process, repeat above operation more every other week, annual coprocessing 3 times.Plastic foil thickness is 6s, and width is 6m, wider for the plastic foil needed for large tree, available wide 4.4 ~ 5.5 cm adhesive tape adhesions, to ensure that plastic foil fully can cover tree body and not be close to leaf.Carry out plastic covering film between at 5 in fine day 11 points at noon ~ afternoon that the control of temperature should be greater than 35 DEG C at the maximum air temperature on autumn days in summer, and electron temperature recorder is placed in portion, middle part and bottom in the tree.The blade of a small amount of damage is tackled in each process afterwards and branch is pruned.
The present invention's heat treatment method of economic environmental protection kills the pathogenetic bacteria in tree body, without the need to using chemical agent, around being conducive to the object that oranges and tangerines tree vigo(u)r recovers, output increases, build centered by physical control, in conjunction with the green prevention and control system of cultivation management, regulation and control and control of insect naturally.
Before treatment, after process 1,2 and 3 months respectively sampling with the method for Real time PCR detect cause of disease in tree body " ca. L. asisticus " content.Found that: the CT value processing latter 30 days, 60 days and 90 days is significantly higher than level (P<0.001) before process; Accordingly " ca. L. asisticus " copy number ratio processes front decreased average respectively 85.0%, 83.3% and 85.2%(the results are shown in Figure 1).In all process trees " ca. L. asisticus " copy number all reduces after treatment for 30 days and 90 days, and control group " ca. L. asisticus " copy number Changing Pattern inconsistent (the results are shown in Figure 2).This experiment show plastic foil thermal treatment to suppression " ca. L. asisticus " play good effect.
Embodiment 4
The farm, Xinda in peaceful town, Qingyuan City Qingxin County of Guangdong Province started kind and is implanted with 285 mu of granulated sugar tangerines from 1996.Winter in 2011, a situation arises comprehensively investigates to the yellow twig on this farm for my research department, finds that its yellow twig incidence of disease is up to 24.9%.In July, 2012, we select 26 strain, the 7 years greensand sugar tangerine yellow twig trees in this orchard to carry out plastic foil heat treatment experiment (, as process, another 13 strains in contrast for 13 strain disease trees), and plastic foil covers heat-treating methods concrete steps with embodiment 3.
Before treatment, the method processing latter 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 150 days and 210 days sampling Real time PCR respectively detects the yellow twig cause of disease content in disease leaf sheet and root, found that: the CT value processing latter 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 150 days and 210 days is significantly higher than level (P<0.0001) before process, processed group " ca. L. asisticus " the corresponding time is 8.2,1.31,7.11,0.39 and 0.12 fg/ μ L to concentration respectively after treatment, than processing front decreased average respectively 99.03%, 99.84%, 99.15%, 99.98% and 99.99%.From individuality, in processed group 13 strain tree " ca. L. asisticus " concentration after treatment some months all decrease more than 95%; And after control group process 30 days, 60 days with the CT value of 90 days compared with before experiment without significant difference (P>0.05), " ca. L. asisticus " average copy number the corresponding time on average add respectively compared with before experiment 21.72%, 5.52%, 120% and decrease 0.8%(and the results are shown in Figure 3).This experiment shows that plastic foil covers heat-treating methods and has significant effect to field control Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen: significantly reduce the cause of disease content in tree body and obviously mitigation symptoms, improvement tree vigo(u)r (the results are shown in Figure 4).
The present invention studies discovery: high-temperature processing method of the present invention for different cultivars, different onset degree mandarin tree body between effect be as broad as long, but in the age of tree, the heat treatment time of Potted orchard should be shorter, 2 ~ 3 hours; The processing time of field bearing tree should be longer, preferably reaches 4 ~ 5 hours.

Claims (3)

1. utilize thermal treatment to prevent and treat a method for Citrus Huanglongbing pathogen, it is characterized in that, continue thermal treatment 2 ~ 5 hours under comprising the steps: the mandarin tree body contaminating yellow twig to be placed in 45 ~ 52 DEG C of environment, cultivate under then tree body being placed in environmental temperature; Within following one week, repeat above operation, process 3 ~ 4 weeks continuously;
The described mandarin tree body having contaminated yellow twig comprises the land for growing field crops mandarin tree body contaminating yellow twig and the oranges and tangerines Potted orchard having contaminated yellow twig;
For the land for growing field crops mandarin tree body contaminating yellow twig, described method comprises the steps:
S1. framework is built: build framework in the mandarin tree body periphery, land for growing field crops contaminating yellow twig;
S2. plastic covering film: select the fine day that daily maximum temperature is greater than 35 DEG C, the intactly plastic covering film in the periphery of built framework, film internal temperature is made to reach 45 ~ 52 DEG C, mandarin tree body be placed in continue under 45 ~ 52 DEG C of environment thermal treatment 2 ~ 5 little after open film, cultivate under tree body is placed in environmental temperature; Within following one week, repeat above operation, process 3 ~ 4 weeks continuously;
For the oranges and tangerines Potted orchard contaminating yellow twig, described method comprises the steps: the oranges and tangerines Potted orchard contaminating yellow twig to be placed in the temperature control box of 45 ~ 52 DEG C, continue thermal treatment 2 ~ 5 hours, then by oranges and tangerines Potted orchard from temperature control box take out be placed in environmental temperature cultivate; Within following one week, repeat above operation, process 3 ~ 4 weeks continuously;
Or comprise the steps:
S1. framework is built: build framework in the oranges and tangerines Potted orchard periphery contaminating yellow twig;
S2. plastic covering film: select the fine day that daily maximum temperature is greater than 35 DEG C, the intactly plastic covering film in the periphery of built framework, film internal temperature is made to reach 45 ~ 52 DEG C, mandarin tree body be placed in continue under 45 ~ 52 DEG C of environment thermal treatment 2 ~ 5 little after open film, cultivate under tree body is placed in environmental temperature; Within following one week, repeat above operation, process 3 ~ 4 weeks continuously;
Described plastic foil thickness is 6s, and width is 6m.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the material building framework described in step S1 is dry bamboo, hollow iron pipe or stainless steel tube.
3. method according to any one of claim 1 to 2, is characterized in that, blade and the branch of a small amount of damage of each thermal treatment reply are pruned.
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CN104430342A (en) * 2014-12-12 2015-03-25 李小龙 Medicine for treating liberobacter asiaticum and application method of medicine
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