Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to by adopting the methods for cooling of water-cooled natural circulation, common photovoltaic module is combined with flat plate collector, thereby reduce the temperature on photovoltaic module surface, improve generating efficiency, produce simultaneously hot water, reach and improve the solar energy composite utilization ratio.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device, comprise solar photovoltaic assembly, flat plate collector, water tank, Programmable Logic Controller and storage battery; The back veneer material of described solar photovoltaic assembly adopts the blue-green collecting plate of flat plate collector, solar photovoltaic assembly is combined with flat plate collector, and the gap in described solar photovoltaic assembly between the below of cell piece and cell piece and cell piece is distributed with heat collecting pipeline; The outlet of described water tank is connected with the water inlet of heat collecting pipeline, and the delivery port of described heat collecting pipeline is connected with the entrance of water tank; Described storage battery, the terminal box of solar photovoltaic assembly all is connected with Programmable Logic Controller, described Programmable Logic Controller is connected with electrical network be used to generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, described Programmable Logic Controller is connected with the user side controller, and the user is by operating the user side controller so that Programmable Logic Controller is controlled.
Heater and water temperature probe are installed in aforesaid water tank, are respectively used to water and the water temperature of surveying in water tank in heating water tank; Described heater is connected with Programmable Logic Controller respectively with water temperature probe.
The exit of aforesaid water tank is provided with valve, and in order to discharge the water in heat collecting pipeline, described valve is connected with Programmable Logic Controller.
Aforesaid heat collecting pipeline water inlet place is provided with rapid heater and pipeline water temperature probe, and described rapid heater is connected with Programmable Logic Controller respectively with the pipeline water temperature probe.
Aforesaid Programmable Logic Controller is divided into winter operation pattern and summer operation pattern, and according to system time, automatically regulates operational mode.
Aforementioned in running, at first Programmable Logic Controller detects the voltage of storage battery, if the voltage of storage battery is lower than set point, Controlled by Programmable Controller solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electricity is used for charge in batteries, until the voltage of storage battery is during higher than set point, then controls the photovoltaic cell electricity and be used for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems.
It is aforementioned when Programmable Logic Controller is in the summer operation pattern, if the pipe temperature detector detects heat collecting pipeline water inlet place water temperature lower than set point, Controlled by Programmable Controller is generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems and is started nonstorage calorifier in heat collecting pipeline, thereby the water in the heating heat collecting pipeline, meet consumers' demand.
It is aforementioned when Programmable Logic Controller is in the winter operation pattern, after storage battery is full of electricity, at first Programmable Logic Controller controls the heater in photovoltaic cell capable of generating power startup water tank, when water temperature probe detected the Water in Water Tanks temperature and reaches set point, Programmable Logic Controller was controlled photovoltaic cell again and is used for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems.
It is aforementioned when Programmable Logic Controller is in the winter operation pattern; if the water temperature that the pipeline water temperature probe detects in heat collecting pipeline is reduced to 0 ° of C; Controlled by Programmable Controller storage battery output current starts nonstorage calorifier, heats the water in heat collecting pipeline, realizes the anti-frost protection of heat collecting pipeline.
If it is 0 that aforementioned Programmable Logic Controller detects the electric current of photovoltaic cell output, the water in water tank does not reach design temperature yet simultaneously, and Controlled by Programmable Controller storage battery output current starts the heater in water tank, thereby improves the water temperature in water tank.
By adopting above-mentioned technological means, the beneficial effect that the present invention has is:
1) the present invention adopts the form of natural circulation, the form that adopts photovoltaic cell to combine with flat plate collector, can reduce the photovoltaic cell component temperature, improve generating efficiency, improve the solar energy composite utilization ratio, greatly increase simultaneously the natural circulation power of water in heat collecting pipeline, increase the collecting efficiency of this PV-T, fundamentally reduced the investment cost of system;
2) Programmable Logic Controller of the present invention can change the place to go of photovoltaic cell capable of generating power amount according to the electric weight of the water temperature in water tank and storage battery, realizes can producing the hot water of higher temperature for people institute in winter;
3) storage battery that arranges of the present invention, under overcast and rainy and sunny weather condition, can be stored in fine day electric power in storage battery for the water of heating water tank, realizes the use of avoiding the peak hour of solar irradiation;
4) the present invention also is provided with measures of prevent freezing, can guarantee that this installs the safe and stable operation under cryogenic conditions in the winter time.
Embodiment
Reach for further setting forth the present invention technological means and the effect that predetermined goal of the invention is taked, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, to the detailed description of the invention such as rear.
As shown in figures 1 and 3, domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral of the present invention (PV-T) device, comprise solar photovoltaic assembly 1, flat plate collector, water tank, Programmable Logic Controller and storage battery;
Wherein the white back veneer material of the original normal optical photovoltaic assembly of the back veneer material of solar photovoltaic assembly 1 replacement is the blue-green collecting plate 5 that flat plate collector adopts, thereby significantly increase utilizable extinction area on photovoltaic module, absorb to the full extent solar irradiance, simultaneously, take the back veneer material of solar photovoltaic assembly as support, realize the combination of whole solar photovoltaic assembly and flat plate collector; Collecting plate is used for the water of heating heat collecting pipeline, promote the natural circulation power of water in whole heat collecting pipeline, accelerate the flowing velocity of water in whole heat collecting pipeline, thereby raising heat transfer effect, make the user obtain the hot water of higher water temperature, reduce simultaneously the temperature of photovoltaic cell component, and then improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of battery.
heat collecting pipeline comprise the heat collecting pipeline 1 that is distributed in cell piece 2 belows in solar photovoltaic assembly and be distributed in cell piece and cell piece between the heat collecting pipeline 24 in gap, being arranged in heat collecting pipeline 24 between cell piece can absorb to the full extent the solar irradiation that shines on photovoltaic module and heat water temperature, improve photo-thermal conversion efficiency, and the heat collecting pipeline 1 that is arranged in cell piece 2 belows can absorb cell piece produces in power generation process heat and by the solar irradiation that cell piece transformed, do not heated water in thermal-collecting tube, reduce simultaneously the temperature of photovoltaic cell component, improve electricity conversion, guarantee the efficient generation of the energy.
The bottom water inlet of heat collecting pipeline connects the outlet of water tank, and the top delivery port of heat collecting pipeline connects the entrance of water tank, and the water in water tank flows directly in the PV-T device by gravity, and through the heating of PV-T device, the power by natural circulation enters in water tank; The water inlet place of heat collecting pipeline is provided with rapid heater and pipeline water temperature probe, and in order to the water temperature at the Fast Heating to water in heat collecting pipeline and detection water inlet place, described rapid heater is connected with Programmable Logic Controller respectively with the pipeline water temperature probe respectively.
Heater and water temperature probe are installed in water tank, are respectively used to water and water temperature detection in heating water tank; The exit of water tank is equipped with valve, and valve is connected with Programmable Logic Controller, but by-pass valve control is closed the water in emptying pipe;
Heater in water tank and water temperature probe, storage battery, the terminal box of solar photovoltaic assembly 1 all is connected with Programmable Logic Controller, Programmable Logic Controller is connected with electrical network be used to generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, Programmable Logic Controller also is connected with the user side controller, and the user is by operating the user side controller so that Programmable Logic Controller is controlled.
Fig. 2 is the generalized section along heat collecting pipeline, shown the relative position relation that solar photovoltaic assembly combines with flat plate collector, as can be seen from the figure, the below of solar photovoltaic assembly be insulation material, then lays heat collecting pipeline, is the collecting plate of flat plate collector above heat collecting pipeline, it is also the backboard of solar photovoltaic assembly, be lower EVA layer between flat plate collector and photovoltaic cell, cloth is set up the EVA layer above photovoltaic cell, covers finally one deck toughened glass.
As shown in Figure 4, the control mode of photovoltaic and photothermal integral device of the present invention is:
The operation of Programmable Logic Controller is divided into winter operation pattern and summer operation pattern, at the internal system controller, can regulate operational mode according to system time automatically, and the control mode of Programmable Logic Controller comprises:
Charging process: in running, at first Programmable Logic Controller detects the voltage of storage battery, charges a battery if the voltage of storage battery, lower than set point, is controlled the photovoltaic cell electricity, until be full of electricity;
The photovoltaic cell process of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems: the voltage that Programmable Logic Controller detects storage battery is during higher than set point, the electric power that the control photovoltaic cell produces is used for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, and realizes the photovoltaic module electricity is used for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems or utilizing storage battery to store;
Tube emptying: after the user passes through user side controller tube used for bottom pouring evacuating pipeline program, the Controlled by Programmable Controller valve closing, thus the water in emptying pipe is convenient to user maintenance, has also realized the antifreeze of pipeline in winter simultaneously;
Freezing prevention tubing: if the user does not start the tube emptying program in the winter time; whether Programmable Logic Controller drops to 0 ℃ by the water temperature in pipeline water temperature probe detected set hot channel; thereby select whether to start rapid heater; if the water in heat collecting pipeline is reduced to 0 ℃; Programmable Logic Controller is controlled the little electric current of storage battery output and is started rapid heater; heat slowly the water in heat collecting pipeline, realize the anti-frost protection of heat collecting pipeline.Use simultaneously the electricity in storage battery, reduced the use to the electrical network electric energy, use the electric energy in storage battery, thereby realized the time delay use of solar energy;
Fast Heating: in summer, when the water temperature at heat collecting pipeline water inlet place during lower than user's set water temperature, Programmable Logic Controller is controlled grid-connected grid generation and is started rapid heater, thereby heat fast the water in heat collecting pipeline, meet user's use, also realize simultaneously the protection to storage battery, avoid the excessive electric current of storage battery output, storage battery is caused damage;
Control the photovoltaic current direction: after storage battery was full of electricity, in the situation that summer, irradiance was higher, the collected heat of this PV-T device can arrive suitable temperature with water temp. heating, so Controlled by Programmable Controller photovoltaic cell electricity is used for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems;
After storage battery is full of electricity, winter is because the irradiance that the sun absorbs is lower, only water temperature can not be brought up to suitable temperature with the collected heat of PV-T device, therefore at first Programmable Logic Controller controls the heater in photovoltaic cell electricity startup water tank, when water temperature probe detects the Water in Water Tanks temperature and reaches set point, then control the photovoltaic cell electricity and be used for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems.
The solar energy use of avoiding the peak hour: summer or winter, Programmable Logic Controller detects the output current of solar photovoltaic assembly,, if the output current of photovoltaic module is 0, proves that the sun sets; Detect simultaneously the water temperature in water tank, if during lower than set point, the irradiance that the sun on daytime is described is inadequate, control the heater in storage battery output current startup water tank, realize heat hot water, thereby improve to the full extent water temperature, realize the solar energy of storing under high irradiance weather is transferred to practicality under low irradiance, realize the use of avoiding the peak hour of irradiance.
The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention is done any pro forma restriction, according to technical spirit of the present invention,, to any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment does, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.