CN103400884B - A kind of domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device, in solar photovoltaic assembly cell piece below and arrange heat collecting pipeline between cell piece and the gap of cell piece, the solar irradiation that absorption is to the full extent irradiated on photovoltaic module and the heat that photovoltaic cell produces in power generation process, common photovoltaic module is combined with flat plate collector, effectively can reduce the temperature on photovoltaic module surface, improve generating efficiency, produce hot water simultaneously, reach the object improving solar energy composite utilization ratio; The present invention is simultaneously provided with storage battery, in order to storing electricity, can realize when solar irradiance is lower, by the electric heating water temperature in storage battery, realizes the use of avoiding the peak hour of solar energy under wet weather and sunny weather condition.

Description

A household type natural circulation photovoltaic photothermal integrated device

technical field

The invention relates to a household-type natural circulation photovoltaic photothermal integrated device, which belongs to the technical fields of solar photoelectricity and photothermal technology.

Background technique

The solar photoelectric/photothermal comprehensive utilization system is a device that combines solar cells (or components) and solar collectors with power generation and heating functions. We also call it a photovoltaic photothermal integrated system ( PV-T). The advantage of this system is that it can not only solve the problem of low power generation efficiency due to high temperature of photovoltaic panels (or components), but also utilize part of the heat of the panels to provide users with hot water or heating.

Most of the current photovoltaic-thermal integrated systems are cooled by air or water. The structure of the air-cooled type is simple, but the cooling effect is not ideal, and the heat generated by the solar photovoltaic cell module cannot be used; the structure of the water-cooled type is more complicated, but the cooling effect is better than that of the air-cooled type, and the heat generated by the photovoltaic module is also used , improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy.

Enhancing the heat dissipation of solar photovoltaic cell modules to improve power generation efficiency is the primary task of the photovoltaic-thermal integrated system, while improving the heat utilization efficiency of PV-T must also be considered.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to combine ordinary photovoltaic modules with flat plate collectors by adopting the cooling form of water-cooled natural circulation, thereby reducing the surface temperature of photovoltaic modules, improving power generation efficiency, and generating hot water at the same time, so as to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy .

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A home-type natural circulation photovoltaic photothermal integrated device, including solar photovoltaic modules, flat collectors, water tanks, programmable controllers and batteries; The heat plate is used to combine the solar photovoltaic module with the flat plate heat collector, and the bottom of the solar photovoltaic module and the gap between the battery sheets are distributed with heat collection pipes; the outlet of the water tank and the heat collection pipe connected to the water inlet, the water outlet of the heat collecting pipe is connected to the inlet of the water tank; the storage battery and the junction box of the solar photovoltaic module are connected to the programmable controller, and the programmable controller is connected to the power grid for Grid-connected power generation, the programmable controller is connected with the user-end controller, and the user controls the programmable controller by operating the user-end controller.

A heater and a water temperature detector are installed in the aforementioned water tank, which are respectively used for heating the water in the water tank and detecting the water temperature in the water tank; the heater and the water temperature detector are respectively connected with the programmable controller.

The outlet of the aforementioned water tank is provided with a valve for discharging the water in the heat collecting pipeline, and the valve is connected with the programmable controller.

A fast heater and a pipeline water temperature detector are provided at the water inlet of the aforementioned heat collecting pipeline, and the fast heater and the pipeline water temperature detector are respectively connected with a programmable controller.

The aforementioned programmable controller is divided into a winter operation mode and a summer operation mode, and automatically adjusts the operation mode according to the system time.

During the aforementioned operation, the programmable controller first detects the voltage of the storage battery. If the voltage of the storage battery is lower than the set value, the programmable controller controls the electricity generated by the solar photovoltaic cell to charge the storage battery until the voltage of the storage battery is higher than the set value. When the value is set, the electricity generated by the photovoltaic cells is controlled to be used for grid-connected power generation.

As mentioned above, when the programmable controller is in the summer operation mode, if the pipeline temperature detector detects that the water temperature at the water inlet of the heat collection pipe is lower than the set value, the programmable controller will control the grid-connected power generation to start the rapid heating device in the heat collection pipe , so as to heat the water in the heat collecting pipeline to meet the needs of users.

As mentioned above, when the programmable controller is in the winter operation mode, after the battery is fully charged, the programmable controller first controls the photovoltaic cell to generate electricity to start the heater in the water tank. When the water temperature detector detects that the water temperature in the water tank reaches the set value, it can The programming controller then controls the photovoltaic cells for grid-connected power generation.

As mentioned above, when the programmable controller is in the winter operation mode, if the pipeline water temperature detector detects that the water temperature in the heat collecting pipeline has dropped to 0°C, the programmable controller controls the output current of the battery to start the rapid heating device to heat the water in the heat collecting pipeline. water, to achieve antifreeze protection of heat collecting pipes.

As mentioned above, if the programmable controller detects that the output current of the photovoltaic cell is 0, and the water in the water tank has not yet reached the set temperature, the programmable controller controls the output current of the battery to start the heater in the water tank, thereby increasing the water temperature in the water tank .

By adopting above-mentioned technical means, the beneficial effect that the present invention has is:

1) The present invention adopts the form of natural circulation and the combination of photovoltaic cells and flat-plate heat collectors, which can reduce the temperature of photovoltaic cell components, improve power generation efficiency, improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy, and greatly increase the natural flow of water in the heat collection pipes Cycle power, increase the heat collection efficiency of the PV-T, and fundamentally reduce the investment cost of the system;

2) The programmable controller of the present invention can change the location of the power generation of photovoltaic cells according to the water temperature in the water tank and the power of the battery, so as to realize that hot water with a higher temperature can be generated for people to use in winter;

3) The storage battery provided by the present invention can use the electricity stored in the storage battery in sunny days to heat the water in the water tank under cloudy and sunny weather conditions, so as to realize the staggered use of solar radiation;

4) The present invention also has an antifreeze solution, which can ensure the safe and stable operation of the device under low temperature conditions in winter.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of heat collecting pipes at the back plate of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the relative position of the combination of the solar photovoltaic module and the flat panel heat collector of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a household type natural circulation photovoltaic photothermal integrated device of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a control schematic diagram of the present invention.

detailed description

In order to further illustrate the technical means and functions adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended invention purpose, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3, the household-type natural circulation photovoltaic-thermal integration (PV-T) device of the present invention includes a solar photovoltaic module 1, a flat plate collector, a water tank, a programmable controller and a storage battery;

Among them, the back plate material of the solar photovoltaic module 1 replaces the original white back plate material of the ordinary photovoltaic module with the blue-green heat collector plate 5 used in the flat collector, thereby greatly increasing the available light absorption area on the photovoltaic module, Absorb the solar irradiance to the greatest extent, and at the same time rely on the backsheet material of the solar photovoltaic module to realize the organic combination of the entire solar photovoltaic module and the flat collector; The natural circulation power of the water in the heat collecting pipeline accelerates the flow rate of water in the entire heat collecting pipeline, thereby improving the heat exchange effect, enabling users to obtain hot water with higher water temperature, and at the same time reducing the temperature of the photovoltaic cell module, thereby improving the photoelectricity of the battery conversion efficiency.

The heat-collecting pipes include the heat-collecting pipe-1 3 distributed under the battery sheet 2 in the solar photovoltaic module and the heat-collecting pipe 2 4 distributed in the gap between the battery sheets, and the heat-collecting pipe 2 4 arranged between the battery sheets It can absorb the solar radiation irradiated on the photovoltaic module to the greatest extent to heat the water temperature and improve the light-to-heat conversion efficiency, and the heat collecting pipe-3 arranged under the battery sheet 2 can absorb the heat generated by the battery sheet during the power generation process and The solar radiation that has not been converted by the cells heats the water in the heat collecting tubes, and at the same time reduces the temperature of the photovoltaic cell components, improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and ensures the efficient generation of energy.

The lower water inlet of the heat collection pipe is connected to the outlet of the water tank, and the upper water outlet of the heat collection pipe is connected to the inlet of the water tank. The water in the water tank directly flows into the PV-T device by gravity, is heated by the PV-T device, and is powered by natural circulation. into the water tank; the water inlet of the heat collecting pipeline is provided with a fast heater and a pipeline water temperature detector, which are used to rapidly heat the water in the heat collecting pipeline and detect the water temperature at the water inlet respectively. The fast heater and the pipeline water temperature The detectors are respectively connected with the programmable controller.

A heater and a water temperature detector are installed in the water tank, which are respectively used to heat the water in the water tank and detect the water temperature; a valve is installed at the outlet of the water tank, and the valve is connected to a programmable controller, and the water in the pipeline can be emptied when the valve is closed;

The heater in the water tank, the water temperature detector, the storage battery, and the junction box of the solar photovoltaic module 1 are all connected to the programmable controller, which is connected to the grid for grid-connected power generation, and the programmable controller is also connected to the user The end controller, the user controls the programmable controller by operating the user end controller.

Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view along the heat-collecting pipeline, showing the relative positional relationship between the combination of solar photovoltaic modules and flat-plate collectors. It can be seen from the figure that the bottom of the solar photovoltaic modules is thermal insulation material, and then the heat-collecting pipeline is laid , above the heat collecting pipe is the heat collecting plate of the flat heat collector, which is also the back plate of the solar photovoltaic module, between the flat heat collector and the photovoltaic cells is the lower EVA layer, and the upper EVA layer is arranged above the photovoltaic cells , and finally covered with a layer of tempered glass.

As shown in Figure 4, the control mode of the photovoltaic photothermal integrated device of the present invention is:

The operation of the programmable controller is divided into winter operation mode and summer operation mode. The internal controller of the system can automatically adjust the operation mode according to the system time. The control methods of the programmable controller include:

Charging process: During operation, the programmable controller first detects the voltage of the battery, if the voltage of the battery is lower than the set value, then controls the electricity generated by the photovoltaic cells to charge the battery until it is fully charged;

Photovoltaic cell grid-connected power generation process: When the programmable controller detects that the voltage of the battery is higher than the set value, it controls the power generated by the photovoltaic cells for grid-connected power generation, and realizes the use of the electricity generated by photovoltaic modules for grid-connected power generation Or use batteries for storage;

Pipeline emptying: When the user starts the pipeline emptying program through the user-side controller, the programmable controller controls the valve to close, thereby emptying the water in the pipeline, which is convenient for the user to overhaul, and also realizes the antifreeze of the pipeline in winter;

Pipeline antifreeze: If the user does not start the pipe emptying program in winter, the programmable controller will detect whether the water temperature in the heat collection pipe has dropped to 0°C through the pipe water temperature detector, so as to choose whether to start the fast heater. When the water drops to 0°C, the programmable controller controls the battery to output a small current to start the fast heater, and slowly heats the water in the heat collecting pipe to realize the antifreeze protection of the heat collecting pipe. At the same time, the electricity in the storage battery is used, which reduces the use of grid power and uses the electricity in the storage battery, thereby realizing the delayed use of solar energy;

Fast heating: In summer, when the water temperature at the water inlet of the heat collecting pipe is lower than the water temperature set by the user, the programmable controller controls the photovoltaic grid-connected grid to generate electricity to start the fast heater, thereby rapidly heating the water in the heat collecting pipe , to meet the user's use, but also to protect the battery, to prevent the battery from outputting too much current and causing damage to the battery;

Control the flow of photovoltaic current: when the battery is fully charged, the heat collected by the PV-T device can heat the water to an appropriate temperature in the case of high irradiance in summer, so the programmable controller controls the power generated by the photovoltaic cell. The electricity is used for grid-connected power generation;

When the battery is fully charged, due to the low irradiance absorbed by the sun in winter, the heat collected by the PV-T device alone cannot raise the water temperature to an appropriate temperature. Therefore, the programmable controller first controls the radiation emitted by the photovoltaic cell. The heater in the water tank is started by electricity, and when the water temperature detector detects that the water temperature in the water tank reaches the set value, the electricity generated by the photovoltaic cell is then controlled for grid-connected power generation.

Solar peak use: In summer or winter, the programmable controller detects the output current of the solar photovoltaic module. If the output current of the photovoltaic module is 0, it proves that the sun has set; at the same time, it detects the water temperature in the water tank. If it is lower than the set value , indicating that the sun's irradiance during the day is not enough, then control the output current of the battery to start the heater in the water tank to heat the hot water, thereby increasing the water temperature to the greatest extent, and realizing the transfer of solar energy stored in high irradiance weather to low irradiance It is practical under high temperature and realizes peak-staggered use of irradiance.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still belong to the present invention. within the scope of the technical solution of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. a domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device, is characterized in that, comprise solar photovoltaic assembly, flat plate collector, water tank, Programmable Logic Controller and storage battery; The back veneer material of described solar photovoltaic assembly adopts the blue-green collecting plate of flat plate collector, solar photovoltaic assembly is combined with flat plate collector, and in described solar photovoltaic assembly, the below of cell piece and the gap between cell piece and cell piece are distributed with heat collecting pipeline; The outlet of described water tank is connected with the water inlet of heat collecting pipeline, and the delivery port of described heat collecting pipeline is connected with the entrance of water tank; Described storage battery, the terminal box of solar photovoltaic assembly is all connected with Programmable Logic Controller, described Programmable Logic Controller is connected with electrical network for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, described Programmable Logic Controller is connected with user side controller, and user is by operating user side controller to control Programmable Logic Controller;

Described Programmable Logic Controller is divided into winter operation pattern and summer operation pattern, and automatically regulates operational mode according to system time;

In running, first Programmable Logic Controller detects the voltage of storage battery, if the voltage of storage battery is lower than set point, then Controlled by Programmable Controller solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electricity is used for charge in batteries, until when the voltage of storage battery is higher than set point, then controls photovoltaic cell electricity and be used for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems;

When Programmable Logic Controller is in summer operation pattern, if pipe temperature detector detects that heat collecting pipeline water inlet water temperature is lower than set point, then Controlled by Programmable Controller is generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems the nonstorage calorifier started in heat collecting pipeline, thus the water in heating heat collecting pipeline, meet consumers' demand;

When Programmable Logic Controller is in winter operation pattern, after storage battery is full of electricity, first Programmable Logic Controller controls the heater in photovoltaic cell capable of generating power startup water tank, when water temperature probe detects that Water in Water Tanks temperature reaches set point, Programmable Logic Controller controls photovoltaic cell again and is used for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems.

2. a kind of domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, be provided with heater and water temperature probe in described water tank, is respectively used to the water in heating water tank and the water temperature in detection water tank; Described heater is connected with Programmable Logic Controller respectively with water temperature probe.

3. a kind of domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the exit of described water tank is provided with valve, and in order to discharge the water in heat collecting pipeline, described valve is connected with Programmable Logic Controller.

4. a kind of domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described heat collecting pipeline water inlet is provided with rapid heater and pipeline water temperature probe, and described rapid heater is connected with Programmable Logic Controller respectively with pipeline water temperature probe.

5. a kind of domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device according to claim 1; it is characterized in that; when Programmable Logic Controller is in winter operation pattern; if pipeline water temperature probe detects that the water temperature in heat collecting pipeline reduces to 0 DEG C; then Controlled by Programmable Controller storage battery output current starts nonstorage calorifier; water in heating heat collecting pipeline, realizes the anti-frost protection of heat collecting pipeline.

6. a kind of domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, if Programmable Logic Controller detects that the electric current that photovoltaic cell exports is 0, water simultaneously in water tank reaches design temperature not yet, then Controlled by Programmable Controller storage battery output current starts the heater in water tank, thus improves the water temperature in water tank.