CN103400884B - A kind of domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device - Google Patents

A kind of domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103400884B
CN103400884B CN201310348068.4A CN201310348068A CN103400884B CN 103400884 B CN103400884 B CN 103400884B CN 201310348068 A CN201310348068 A CN 201310348068A CN 103400884 B CN103400884 B CN 103400884B
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water
programmable logic
logic controller
photovoltaic
heat collecting
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CN201310348068.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN103400884A (en
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白建波
张宇
刘升
王孟
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Changzhou Campus of Hohai University
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Changzhou Campus of Hohai University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10Photovoltaic [PV]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20Solar thermal
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44Heat exchange systems
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60Thermal-PV hybrids

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  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device, in solar photovoltaic assembly cell piece below and arrange heat collecting pipeline between cell piece and the gap of cell piece, the solar irradiation that absorption is to the full extent irradiated on photovoltaic module and the heat that photovoltaic cell produces in power generation process, common photovoltaic module is combined with flat plate collector, effectively can reduce the temperature on photovoltaic module surface, improve generating efficiency, produce hot water simultaneously, reach the object improving solar energy composite utilization ratio; The present invention is simultaneously provided with storage battery, in order to storing electricity, can realize when solar irradiance is lower, by the electric heating water temperature in storage battery, realizes the use of avoiding the peak hour of solar energy under wet weather and sunny weather condition.

Description

A kind of domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device, belong to solar photoelectric, photothermal technique field.
Background technology
Solar photoelectric/photothermal utilization system solar cell (or assembly) is combined having of manufacturing to generate electricity and a kind of device of heat supply function with solar collector, and we are also referred to as photovoltaic and photothermal integral system (PV-T).The advantage of this system is to solve because of the too high problem causing decrease of power generation of photovoltaic battery panel (or assembly) temperature, a part of heat of cell panel can be used, for user provides hot water or heating etc. again simultaneously.
Mostly current photovoltaic and photothermal integral system is to adopt air or water to carry out the form cooled.The simple structure of Luftgekuhlte rotierende, but cooling effect is undesirable, and the heat that solar-energy photo-voltaic cell module cannot be utilized to produce; The structure of water cooling type is comparatively complicated, but cooling effect is better than Luftgekuhlte rotierende pattern, make use of the heat that photovoltaic module produces simultaneously, improves the comprehensive utilization ratio of solar energy.
Strengthen the heat radiation of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell module and then improve the top priority that generating efficiency is photovoltaic and photothermal integral system, improving the efficiency of utilization of PV-T simultaneously, also must consider.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the methods for cooling by adopting water-cooled natural circulation, common photovoltaic module is combined with flat plate collector, thus reduces the temperature on photovoltaic module surface, improve generating efficiency, produce hot water simultaneously, reach and improve solar energy composite utilization ratio.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device, comprises solar photovoltaic assembly, flat plate collector, water tank, Programmable Logic Controller and storage battery; The back veneer material of described solar photovoltaic assembly adopts the blue-green collecting plate of flat plate collector, solar photovoltaic assembly is combined with flat plate collector, and in described solar photovoltaic assembly, the below of cell piece and the gap between cell piece and cell piece are distributed with heat collecting pipeline; The outlet of described water tank is connected with the water inlet of heat collecting pipeline, and the delivery port of described heat collecting pipeline is connected with the entrance of water tank; Described storage battery, the terminal box of solar photovoltaic assembly is all connected with Programmable Logic Controller, described Programmable Logic Controller is connected with electrical network for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, described Programmable Logic Controller is connected with user side controller, and user is by operating user side controller to control Programmable Logic Controller.
Heater and water temperature probe are installed in aforesaid water tank, are respectively used to the water in heating water tank and the water temperature in detection water tank; Described heater is connected with Programmable Logic Controller respectively with water temperature probe.
The exit of aforesaid water tank is provided with valve, and in order to discharge the water in heat collecting pipeline, described valve is connected with Programmable Logic Controller.
Aforesaid heat collecting pipeline water inlet is provided with rapid heater and pipeline water temperature probe, and described rapid heater is connected with Programmable Logic Controller respectively with pipeline water temperature probe.
Aforesaid Programmable Logic Controller is divided into winter operation pattern and summer operation pattern, and automatically regulates operational mode according to system time.
Aforementioned in running, first Programmable Logic Controller detects the voltage of storage battery, if the voltage of storage battery is lower than set point, then Controlled by Programmable Controller solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electricity is used for charge in batteries, until when the voltage of storage battery is higher than set point, then controls photovoltaic cell electricity and be used for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems.
It is aforementioned when Programmable Logic Controller is in summer operation pattern, if pipe temperature detector detects that heat collecting pipeline water inlet water temperature is lower than set point, then Controlled by Programmable Controller is generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems the nonstorage calorifier started in heat collecting pipeline, thus the water in heating heat collecting pipeline, meet consumers' demand.
It is aforementioned when Programmable Logic Controller is in winter operation pattern, after storage battery is full of electricity, first Programmable Logic Controller controls the heater in photovoltaic cell capable of generating power startup water tank, when water temperature probe detects that Water in Water Tanks temperature reaches set point, Programmable Logic Controller controls photovoltaic cell again and is used for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems.
It is aforementioned when Programmable Logic Controller is in winter operation pattern; if pipeline water temperature probe detects that the water temperature in heat collecting pipeline reduces to 0 ° of C; then Controlled by Programmable Controller storage battery output current starts nonstorage calorifier, and the water in heating heat collecting pipeline, realizes the anti-frost protection of heat collecting pipeline.
If aforementioned Programmable Logic Controller detects that the electric current that photovoltaic cell exports is 0, the water simultaneously in water tank reaches design temperature not yet, then Controlled by Programmable Controller storage battery output current starts the heater in water tank, thus improves the water temperature in water tank.
By adopting above-mentioned technological means, the beneficial effect that the present invention has is:
1) the present invention adopts the form of natural circulation, adopt the form that photovoltaic cell combines with flat plate collector, temperature of photovoltaic battery pack can be reduced, improve generating efficiency, improve solar energy composite utilization ratio, greatly increase the natural circulation power of water in heat collecting pipeline simultaneously, increase the collecting efficiency of this PV-T, fundamentally reduce the investment cost of system;
2) Programmable Logic Controller of the present invention according to the electricity of the water temperature in water tank and storage battery, can change the place to go of photovoltaic cell capable of generating power amount, realizes can producing the hot water of higher temperature for people in winter;
3) storage battery of the present invention's setting, under wet weather and sunny weather condition, can be used for the water in heating water tank by the electric power be stored in storage battery by fine day, realize the use of avoiding the peak hour of solar irradiation;
4) the present invention is also provided with measures of prevent freezing, can guarantee the safe and stable operation of this device in the winter time under cryogenic conditions.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that backboard place of the present invention heat collecting pipeline arranges schematic diagram;
The relative position schematic diagram that Fig. 2 solar photovoltaic assembly of the present invention combines with flat plate collector;
Fig. 3 is domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral apparatus structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is control principle drawing of the present invention.
Embodiment
For further setting forth the present invention for the technological means reaching predetermined goal of the invention and take and effect, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, to the detailed description of the invention as rear.
As shown in figures 1 and 3, domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral (PV-T) device of the present invention, comprises solar photovoltaic assembly 1, flat plate collector, water tank, Programmable Logic Controller and storage battery;
The blue-green collecting plate 5 that the white back veneer material that wherein back veneer material of solar photovoltaic assembly 1 replaces original common photovoltaic module adopts for flat plate collector, thus significantly increase utilizable extinction area on photovoltaic module, absorb solar irradiance to the full extent, simultaneously with the back veneer material of solar photovoltaic assembly for relying on, realize the combination of whole solar photovoltaic assembly and flat plate collector; Collecting plate is for heating the water in heat collecting pipeline, promote the natural circulation power of water in whole heat collecting pipeline, accelerate the flowing velocity of water in whole heat collecting pipeline, thus raising heat transfer effect, user is made to obtain the hot water of higher water temperature, reduce the temperature of photovoltaic cell component simultaneously, and then improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of battery.
Heat collecting pipeline comprises the heat collecting pipeline 1 be distributed in solar photovoltaic assembly below cell piece 2 and the heat collecting pipeline 24 being distributed in gap between cell piece and cell piece, the heat collecting pipeline 24 be arranged between cell piece can absorb to the full extent and be irradiated to solar irradiation on photovoltaic module to heat water temperature, improve photo-thermal conversion efficiency, and the heat collecting pipeline 1 be arranged in below cell piece 2 can absorb heat that cell piece produces in power generation process and not the solar irradiation that transforms by cell piece to heat the water in thermal-collecting tube, reduce the temperature of photovoltaic cell component simultaneously, improve electricity conversion, ensure the efficient generation of the energy.
The bottom water inlet of heat collecting pipeline connects the outlet of water tank, and the top delivery port of heat collecting pipeline connects the entrance of water tank, and the water in water tank flows directly in PV-T device by gravity, through the heating of PV-T device, enters in water tank by the power of natural circulation; The water inlet of heat collecting pipeline is provided with rapid heater and pipeline water temperature probe, and respectively in order to the water temperature to the Fast Heating of water in heat collecting pipeline and detection water inlet, described rapid heater is connected with Programmable Logic Controller respectively with pipeline water temperature probe.
Heater and water temperature probe are installed in water tank, are respectively used to the water in heating water tank and water temperature detection; The exit of water tank is provided with valve, and valve is connected with Programmable Logic Controller, and by-pass valve control is closed can water in emptying pipe;
Heater in water tank and water temperature probe, storage battery, the terminal box of solar photovoltaic assembly 1 is all connected with Programmable Logic Controller, Programmable Logic Controller is connected with electrical network for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, Programmable Logic Controller is also connected with user side controller, and user is by operating user side controller to control Programmable Logic Controller.
Fig. 2 is the generalized section along heat collecting pipeline, show the relative position relation that solar photovoltaic assembly combines with flat plate collector, as can be seen from the figure, the bottom of solar photovoltaic assembly is insulation material, then lays heat collecting pipeline, is the collecting plate of flat plate collector above heat collecting pipeline, also be the backboard of solar photovoltaic assembly, be lower EVA layer between flat plate collector and photovoltaic cell, above photovoltaic cell, cloth is set up EVA layer, finally covers one deck toughened glass.
As shown in Figure 4, the control mode of photovoltaic and photothermal integral device of the present invention is:
The operation of Programmable Logic Controller is divided into winter operation pattern and summer operation pattern, and can regulate operational mode according to system time automatically at internal system controller, the control mode of Programmable Logic Controller comprises:
Charging process: in running, first Programmable Logic Controller detects the voltage of storage battery, if the voltage of storage battery is lower than set point, then controls photovoltaic cell electricity and charges a battery, until be full of electricity;
Photovoltaic cell generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems process: when Programmable Logic Controller detects the voltage of storage battery higher than set point, the electric power that control photovoltaic cell produces is used for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, and realizes being used for by photovoltaic module electricity generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems or utilize storage battery to store;
Tube emptying: when user is by after user side controller tube used for bottom pouring evacuating pipeline program, Controlled by Programmable Controller valve closing, thus the water in emptying pipe, be convenient to user maintenance, also achieves the antifreeze of pipeline in winter simultaneously;
Freezing prevention tubing: if user does not start tube emptying program in the winter time; whether Programmable Logic Controller drops to 0 DEG C by the water temperature in pipeline water temperature probe detected set hot channel; thus select whether start rapid heater; if the water in heat collecting pipeline reduces to 0 DEG C; Programmable Logic Controller then controls storage battery and exports small area analysis to start rapid heater; heat the water in heat collecting pipeline slowly, realize the anti-frost protection of heat collecting pipeline.Use the electricity in storage battery simultaneously, decrease the use to electrical network electric energy, use the electric energy in storage battery, thus the time delay achieving solar energy uses;
Fast Heating: in summer, when the water temperature of heat collecting pipeline water inlet is lower than user's set water temperature, Programmable Logic Controller then controls grid-connected grid generation to start rapid heater, thus the water heated fast in heat collecting pipeline, meet the use of user, also realize the protection to storage battery simultaneously, avoid storage battery to export excessive electric current, damage is caused to storage battery;
Control photovoltaic current direction: after storage battery is full of electricity, when summer, irradiance was higher, the heat collected by this PV-T device can by water temp. heating to suitable temperature, and therefore Controlled by Programmable Controller photovoltaic cell electricity is used for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems;
After storage battery is full of electricity, the irradiance that winter absorbs due to the sun is lower, only water temperature can not be brought up to suitable temperature with the heat collected by PV-T device, therefore first Programmable Logic Controller controls the heater in photovoltaic cell electricity startup water tank, when water temperature probe detects that Water in Water Tanks temperature reaches set point, then control photovoltaic cell electricity and be used for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems.
Solar energy is avoided the peak hour use: summer or winter, and Programmable Logic Controller detects the output current of solar photovoltaic assembly, if the output current of photovoltaic module is 0, then proves that the sun sets; Detect the water temperature in water tank simultaneously, if during lower than set point, illustrate that the irradiance of the sun on daytime is inadequate, then control the heater in storage battery output current startup water tank, realize heat hot water, thus improve water temperature to the full extent, and practical under realizing the solar energy stored under high irradiance weather being transferred to low irradiance, realize the use of avoiding the peak hour of irradiance.
The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not do any pro forma restriction to the present invention, any simple modification done above embodiment according to technical spirit of the present invention, equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device, is characterized in that, comprise solar photovoltaic assembly, flat plate collector, water tank, Programmable Logic Controller and storage battery; The back veneer material of described solar photovoltaic assembly adopts the blue-green collecting plate of flat plate collector, solar photovoltaic assembly is combined with flat plate collector, and in described solar photovoltaic assembly, the below of cell piece and the gap between cell piece and cell piece are distributed with heat collecting pipeline; The outlet of described water tank is connected with the water inlet of heat collecting pipeline, and the delivery port of described heat collecting pipeline is connected with the entrance of water tank; Described storage battery, the terminal box of solar photovoltaic assembly is all connected with Programmable Logic Controller, described Programmable Logic Controller is connected with electrical network for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, described Programmable Logic Controller is connected with user side controller, and user is by operating user side controller to control Programmable Logic Controller;
Described Programmable Logic Controller is divided into winter operation pattern and summer operation pattern, and automatically regulates operational mode according to system time;
In running, first Programmable Logic Controller detects the voltage of storage battery, if the voltage of storage battery is lower than set point, then Controlled by Programmable Controller solar-energy photo-voltaic cell electricity is used for charge in batteries, until when the voltage of storage battery is higher than set point, then controls photovoltaic cell electricity and be used for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems;
When Programmable Logic Controller is in summer operation pattern, if pipe temperature detector detects that heat collecting pipeline water inlet water temperature is lower than set point, then Controlled by Programmable Controller is generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems the nonstorage calorifier started in heat collecting pipeline, thus the water in heating heat collecting pipeline, meet consumers' demand;
When Programmable Logic Controller is in winter operation pattern, after storage battery is full of electricity, first Programmable Logic Controller controls the heater in photovoltaic cell capable of generating power startup water tank, when water temperature probe detects that Water in Water Tanks temperature reaches set point, Programmable Logic Controller controls photovoltaic cell again and is used for generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems.
2. a kind of domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, be provided with heater and water temperature probe in described water tank, is respectively used to the water in heating water tank and the water temperature in detection water tank; Described heater is connected with Programmable Logic Controller respectively with water temperature probe.
3. a kind of domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the exit of described water tank is provided with valve, and in order to discharge the water in heat collecting pipeline, described valve is connected with Programmable Logic Controller.
4. a kind of domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described heat collecting pipeline water inlet is provided with rapid heater and pipeline water temperature probe, and described rapid heater is connected with Programmable Logic Controller respectively with pipeline water temperature probe.
5. a kind of domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device according to claim 1; it is characterized in that; when Programmable Logic Controller is in winter operation pattern; if pipeline water temperature probe detects that the water temperature in heat collecting pipeline reduces to 0 DEG C; then Controlled by Programmable Controller storage battery output current starts nonstorage calorifier; water in heating heat collecting pipeline, realizes the anti-frost protection of heat collecting pipeline.
6. a kind of domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, if Programmable Logic Controller detects that the electric current that photovoltaic cell exports is 0, water simultaneously in water tank reaches design temperature not yet, then Controlled by Programmable Controller storage battery output current starts the heater in water tank, thus improves the water temperature in water tank.
CN201310348068.4A 2013-08-09 2013-08-09 A kind of domestic type natural circulation photovoltaic and photothermal integral device Expired - Fee Related CN103400884B (en)

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CN105610399A (en) * 2016-03-17 2016-05-25 亿代科技(江苏)有限公司 Photovoltaic module having function of heat collection
CN106016415A (en) * 2016-05-23 2016-10-12 苏州铭冠软件科技有限公司 Solar power generating and heat supplying system
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CN106372805B (en) * 2016-09-07 2019-12-10 广东工业大学 method and system for calculating generated energy of water cooling photovoltaic-photo-thermal integrated power generation system
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CN106679195A (en) * 2017-02-10 2017-05-17 成都聚立汇信科技有限公司 Cyclic photovoltaic photothermal equipment
CN107843018A (en) * 2017-11-30 2018-03-27 桂林师范高等专科学校 A kind of photovoltaic and photothermal integral system
CN109631355A (en) * 2018-12-18 2019-04-16 四川蜀旺新能源股份有限公司 A kind of solar panels to be cooled down with anti-icing fluid
CN109639234B (en) * 2018-12-20 2020-06-16 昆明理工大学 Air-cooling and water-cooling combined PV/T system for improving solar photovoltaic thermal efficiency
CN110943693B (en) * 2019-12-18 2021-06-04 梁雪芽 Novel photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated system and control method thereof
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