CN103399345A - Survey method and device for buried-hill crevice distribution - Google Patents
Survey method and device for buried-hill crevice distribution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a survey method and a survey device for buried-hill crevice distribution. The survey method comprises the steps as follows: setting the initial depth range of a target zone; respectively adopting a longitudinal wave direction detection method and a relative wave resistance detection method to determine the crevice intensity distribution within the initial depth range; determining the crevice intensity distribution as target crevice intensity distribution when the two methods for determining the crevice intensity distribution acquire a concordant result; regulating the initial depth range, and adopting the two detection methods to acquire the crevice direction distribution with a corresponding depth during the regulation process till anyone of the detection methods determines that the crevice direction distribution is located in a known well and is concordant with the practical crevice direction distribution. The regulated initial depth range is the target depth range, and the crevice direction distribution of the target depth range is the target crevice direction distribution. Multiple kinds of data have relative independence and are applied to survey crevice distribution, so that the survey result is more accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geology physical technique field, particularly relate to investigation method and the device of a kind of buried hill fracture distribution.
Background technology
Geology after crustal disturbance can form tomography, to be that rock stratum is stressed reach some strength and break tomography, and have obviously to relatively move along the plane of fracture and form, the later stage mature fault, can form crack complicated and that have certain regularity of distribution, often have hydrocarbon resources in these cracks, or be called slit formation hydrocarbon-bearing pool.The abundanter growth in crack is better, and hydrocarbon resources is abundanter.The geological exploration personnel, often select fracture development area well-digging preferably to gather hydrocarbon resources.At present, when hydrocarbon resources was surveyed, the fracture distribution that mainly mature fault is formed surveyed, and then the distribution of definite hydrocarbon-bearing pool, and wherein, fracture distribution comprises the Density Distribution in crack and the azimuth distribution in crack (perhaps being called the distribution of moving towards in crack).The accuracy of fracture distribution exploration directly affects the exploitation of hydrocarbon-bearing pool, but the accuracy of the fracture distribution that existing fracture distribution prospecting technique obtains is lower, can't well meet the needs of geological exploration.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides investigation method and the device of a kind of buried hill fracture distribution, to solve the lower technical matters of accuracy of the fracture distribution that in prior art, the fracture distribution prospecting technique obtains.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides investigation method and the device of a kind of buried hill fracture distribution, the invention provides following technical scheme:
The investigation method of a kind of buried hill fracture distribution, the method comprises:
The initial depth scope of whole target area is set;
Adopt respectively compressional wave orientation detecting method and relative wave impedance orientation detecting method to determine that the fracture density in described initial depth scope distributes;
When the fracture density distribution that above-mentioned two kinds of detection methods are determined is consistent, described fracture density is distributed and distributes as the target fracture density;
Adjust described initial depth scope, be in course of adjustment, the fracture strike of adopting above-mentioned two kinds of methods to obtain the corresponding degree of depth distributes, until the fracture strike that above-mentioned any detection method is determined is distributed in the fixed well place, with the actual fracture strike of described fixed well, distributes consistent;
With the target depth range of the initial depth scope after adjusting as described target area, the fracture strike of described target depth range is distributed as the target fracture strike and distributes.
Preferably, adopt respectively compressional wave orientation detecting method and relative wave impedance orientation detecting method to determine that the fracture density in described initial depth scope distributes, and comprising:
Extract the reflection wave data of difference in target area, and according to described reflection wave data acquisition p-wave impedance;
, according to the energy properties of reflection wave, by the compressional wave orientation detecting method, determine that the fracture density in described initial depth scope distributes;
, according to the energy properties of p-wave impedance, by relative wave impedance orientation detecting method, determine that the fracture density in described initial depth scope distributes.
Preferably, described method also comprises:
Extract the diffracted wave data of difference in target area;
, according to the energy properties of diffracted wave, by the diffracted wave detection method, determine that fracture density corresponding to initial depth scope described in described target area distributes;
When the definite fracture density distribution of above-mentioned two kinds of detection methods is inconsistent, determine the inconsistent discriminate regions of fracture density distribution;
Respectively fracture density distribute and diffracted wave detection method at described discriminate regions place obtain the fracture density distribution of above-mentioned two kinds of detection methods in discriminate regions compared;
The consistent fracture density of detection method in whole target area of the fracture density distribution that will obtain at described discriminate regions place with the diffracted wave detection method distributes and is defined as the target fracture density.
Preferably, described method also comprises:
Fracture distribution in the target area of determining is carried out crack form genetic analysis.
When preferably, described initial depth scope adopts, window represents.
Preferably, energy properties comprises: RMS amplitude, peak swing or average amplitude.
The present invention also provides the surveying device of a kind of buried hill fracture distribution, it is characterized in that, described device comprises:
Module is set, is used for arranging the initial depth scope of whole target area;
The first determination module, be used for adopting respectively compressional wave orientation detecting method and relative wave impedance orientation detecting method to determine that the fracture density in described initial depth scope distributes;
The second determination module, when consistent for the definite fracture density distribution of above-mentioned two kinds of detection methods, distribute described fracture density to distribute as the target fracture density;
Adjusting module, be used for adjusting described initial depth scope, be in course of adjustment, the fracture strike of adopting above-mentioned two kinds of methods to obtain the corresponding degree of depth distributes, until the fracture strike that above-mentioned any detection method is determined is distributed in the fixed well place, with the actual fracture strike of described fixed well, distributes consistent;
The fracture distribution determination module, the initial depth scope after being used for adjusting is as the target depth range of described target area, and the fracture strike of described target depth range is distributed as the target fracture strike and distributes.
Preferably, described the first determination module comprises:
Extract submodule, be used for the reflection wave data of receiving target district difference, and according to described reflection wave data acquisition p-wave impedance;
First obtains submodule, is used for the energy properties according to reflection wave, by the compressional wave orientation detecting method, determines that the fracture density in described initial depth scope distributes;
Second obtains submodule, is used for the energy properties according to p-wave impedance, by relative wave impedance orientation detecting method, determines that the fracture density in described initial depth scope distributes.
Preferably, described device also comprises:
Extraction module, for the diffracted wave data of receiving target district difference;
The 3rd determination module, be used for the energy properties according to diffracted wave, by the diffracted wave detection method, determines that fracture density corresponding to initial depth scope described in described target area distributes;
The 4th determination module, be used for determining the inconsistent discriminate regions of fracture density distribution when the definite fracture density distribution of above-mentioned two kinds of detection methods is inconsistent;
Comparison module, be used for respectively fracture density distribute and diffracted wave detection method at described discriminate regions place obtain the fracture density distribution of above-mentioned two kinds of detection methods in discriminate regions being compared;
The second determination module, specifically be used for the fracture density distribution of the consistent detection method of the fracture density distribution that will obtain at described discriminate regions place with the diffracted wave detection method in whole target area and be defined as the target fracture density.
Preferably, described device also comprises:
Analysis module, be used for that the target area fracture distribution of determining is carried out crack and form genetic analysis.
In technical scheme of the present invention, at first whole target area is arranged an initial depth scope, then by the compressional wave orientation detecting method, with relative wave impedance orientation detecting method, determine respectively described initial depth scope internal fissure Density Distribution; If the fracture density that two kinds of detection methods are determined is consistent, above-mentioned fracture density is the target fracture density; Move towards for crack that distribute can be by obtaining with comparing of fixed well, concrete, adjust the initial depth scope, be in course of adjustment, the fracture strike of adopting above-mentioned two kinds of methods to obtain the corresponding degree of depth distributes, distribute consistent until the fracture strike that above-mentioned any detection method is determined is distributed in the fixed well place with the actual fracture strike of described fixed well, so, initial depth scope after adjustment is the target depth range of described target area, and the fracture strike of target depth range is distributed as target fracture strike in described target area and distributes.Determine that by different detection methods the fracture density of target area distributes and fracture strike distributes in the present invention, and constraint mutually, reference mutually between diverse ways, to guarantee the accuracy of result.By the contrast with fixed well, improve the accuracy of fracture distribution result, can verify that also the present invention adopts the validity of integrated approach simultaneously.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present application or technical scheme of the prior art, below will the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or description of the Prior Art be briefly described, apparently, the accompanying drawing that the following describes is only some embodiment that put down in writing in the application, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the investigation method embodiment 1 of a kind of buried hill of the present invention fracture distribution;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the investigation method embodiment 2 of a kind of buried hill of the present invention fracture distribution;
Fig. 3 a be a kind of buried hill of the present invention fracture distribution investigation method adopt under the practical application scene diffracted wave detection method the time fracture density distribution plan of window while being 50ms;
Fig. 3 b is the investigation method of a kind of buried hill of the present invention fracture distribution while adopting the diffracted wave detection method under the practical application scene, the time fracture density distribution plan of window while being 50ms;
Fig. 4 a is the investigation method of a kind of buried hill of the present invention fracture distribution while adopting the compressional wave orientation detecting method under the practical application scene, the time fracture density distribution plan of window while being 100ms;
Fig. 4 b is the investigation method of a kind of buried hill of the present invention fracture distribution while adopting the compressional wave orientation detecting method under the practical application scene, the time fracture density distribution plan of window while being 200ms;
Fig. 4 c is the investigation method of a kind of buried hill of the present invention fracture distribution while adopting relative wave impedance orientation detecting method under the practical application scene, the time fracture density distribution plan of window while being 100ms;
Fig. 4 d is the investigation method of a kind of buried hill of the present invention fracture distribution while adopting relative wave impedance orientation detecting method under the practical application scene, the time fracture density distribution plan of window while being 200ms;
Fig. 5 be the investigation method of a kind of buried hill of the present invention fracture distribution under the practical application scene, fixed well A is corresponding to different detection methods, the fracture strike distribution plan of window simultaneously not;
Fig. 6 be the investigation method of a kind of buried hill of the present invention fracture distribution under the practical application scene, fixed well B is corresponding to different detection methods, the fracture strike distribution plan of window simultaneously not;
Fig. 7 be the investigation method of a kind of buried hill of the present invention fracture distribution under the practical application scene, fixed well C is corresponding to different detection methods, the fracture strike distribution plan of window simultaneously not;
Fig. 8 be the investigation method of a kind of buried hill of the present invention fracture distribution under the practical application scene, the zone in work area is divided;
Fig. 9 be the investigation method of a kind of buried hill of the present invention fracture distribution under the practical application scene, in work area, fixed well A, the fracture strike of B annex distribute and the corresponding comparison chart of just drilling result;
Figure 10 a be the investigation method of a kind of buried hill of the present invention fracture distribution under the practical application scene, that adopts that structure curvature attribute obtains just drills fracture density figure;
Figure 10 b be the investigation method of a kind of buried hill of the present invention fracture distribution under the practical application scene, that adopts that the maximum principal strain attribute obtains just drills fracture density figure;
Figure 10 c be the investigation method of a kind of buried hill of the present invention fracture distribution under the practical application scene, that adopts that the surplus capacity attribute obtains just drills fracture density figure;
Figure 10 d be the investigation method of a kind of buried hill of the present invention fracture distribution under the practical application scene, that adopts that the major principal stress attribute obtains just drills fracture density figure;
Figure 11 is the structural representation of the surveying device embodiment 1 of a kind of buried hill of the present invention fracture distribution.
Embodiment
For the personnel that make the art technology field understand the present invention program better, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skills, not making under the creative work prerequisite the every other embodiment that obtains, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The crack of comparative maturity exploration at present, analytical approach mainly contain following several: outcrop is observed and dynamically observation, well logging recognition, geological data prediction are observed, produced to the both macro and micro in rock core crack.But these methods can only be carried out part observation, can be called " point " observation, also can carry out imaging logging in well, fracture distribution in the certain depth scope is carried out meticulous measurement, such method can provide the depth direction distribution situation in crack, and horizontal spread information to a certain degree, but the distribution trend in crack still can not be described in the horizontal, be referred to as " line " observation.Above-mentioned existing crack investigation method all can not be complete the distribution situation that presents crack, simultaneously, there is multi-solution in the fracture distribution result that existing investigation method is obtained, but can't determine correct result again, can not accurately describe the distribution in crack.
Therefore, the present embodiment provides the investigation method of a kind of buried hill fracture distribution, to solve the lower technical matters of accuracy of the fracture distribution that in prior art, the fracture distribution investigation method obtains.With reference to shown in Figure 1, process flow diagram for the investigation method embodiment 1 of a kind of buried hill provided by the invention fracture distribution, need to prove at this, in practical operation, need to carry out the area of fracture distribution exploration, the known zone of partial information often, such as, well has been arranged in zone, except fixed well, treated that survey area also has hydrocarbon-bearing pool to distribute, but do not know concrete distribution, comprise that amount, the distribution range of hydrocarbon-bearing pool is much etc., thereby determine whether and will dig a well in one's respective area, and the particular location of definite well.Certainly, for any information, all survey in the zone of the unknown, the method for the present embodiment is applicable equally.The present embodiment specifically can comprise:
Step 101: the initial depth scope that whole target area is set.
According to Huygens' principle, in the seismic wave propagation process, the wavefront in any moment can be regarded the formed envelope of secondary small sample perturbations that in the previous moment medium, each point produces as.So when running into the horizontal layer interphase in the seismic wave propagation process, the formed envelope of Secondary Disturbance has just had consistance, the enhancing that mutually superposes of its energy, finally with the form backpropagation of reflection.Preferably, adopt seismic event (concrete is the compressional wave attribute that utilizes in seismic event) to carry out the exploration of fracture distribution in the present embodiment.
Differentiate the reflection line-ups that forms due to the wave resistance feature difference from seismic data volume, owing to there being wave resistance difference, so can think that there is lithology difference in both sides, wave resistance interface, and a lithology layering interfaces can be thought in this wave resistance interface, can carry out layer position to this layering interfaces and explain.Preferably, when analyzing, be that the interpretation horizon take target area carries out as basis, described interpretation horizon is the lithology interphase of target area.Concrete, described initial depth scope can be come equivalently represented (take interpretation horizon, as basis, windowing) by the used time window, and when described, the physical significance of window is ripple while propagating in target area, the time that the described initial depth scope of passing by is used.Such as, can open the time window of a 100ms.Because while starting to survey, do not know the distribution range in crack in target area, so, can set in advance an initial depth of investigation scope, follow-up can the adjustment.The target area here refers to the Favorable Areas of oil gas, and fracture distribution is namely arranged, the larger zone of possibility that has hydrocarbon-bearing pool to distribute.
Step 102: adopt respectively compressional wave orientation detecting method and relative wave impedance orientation detecting method to determine that the fracture density in described initial depth scope distributes.
The description of refer step 101, after the ripple backpropagation, receive close echo, and extract reflection wave in close echo, determine that by the compressional wave orientation detecting method fracture density in described initial depth scope distributes, at this moment, also can determine simultaneously the fracture strike corresponding to described initial depth scope in target area distributes.Specific as follows: while propagating under wave direction by the concept of weak anisotropy, derive the analytic relationship between reflection coefficient and fracture parameters in anisotropic medium, according to the project situation of reality, when the seismic event incident angle hour, this analytic relationship can be expressed as following form:
Wherein, the reflection amplitude when P represents the compressional wave vertical incidence, G
isoFor the rate of change (isotropic gradient) of amplitude offset distance, G
aniFor the azimuthal rate of change of amplitude (anisotropy gradient), θ is the angle of layered halfspace,
The position angle of fracture strike,
The position angle of shot point to acceptance point.
In the situation that be fixed into firing angle, following formula can further be reduced to:
Utilize (2) formula can calculate A, B and
These 3 parameters relevant with crack, i.e. three parameters of the oval attribute of amplitude,
Pointed out the direction of moving towards in crack, and the B/A of amplitude ellipse (ratio of semi-minor axis length) can be used as the relative measurement of fracture density.
After extracting reflection wave, calculate its relative wave impedance according to the reflection wave data, apply again above-mentioned take relative wave impedance as foundation, the fracture density that adopts relative wave impedance orientation detecting method to calculate in described initial depth scope distributes, in like manner, also can determine simultaneously based on the fracture strike corresponding to described initial depth scope in the target area of relative wave impedance orientation detecting method and distribute.
Step 103: when the fracture density that above-mentioned two kinds of detection methods are determined is consistent, with described fracture density as the target fracture density.
Step 104: adjust described initial depth scope, be in course of adjustment, the fracture strike of adopting above-mentioned two kinds of methods to obtain the corresponding degree of depth distributes, until the fracture strike that above-mentioned any detection method is determined is distributed in the fixed well place, with the actual fracture strike of described fixed well, distributes consistent.
Because the compressional wave attribute has certain limitation to the susceptibility of hydrocarbon-bearing pool, when the exploration fracture density distributes, for the time window in certain limit, the fracture density distribution that obtains by above-mentioned two kinds of methods has changed not quite, so can't determine concrete time window this moment.In order to determine a size of window when accurate, adjust described initial depth scope, and be in course of adjustment, the fracture strike of adopting above-mentioned two kinds of methods to obtain the corresponding degree of depth distributes, and the fracture strike that the fracture strike that it obtains is distributed in the distribution at fixed well place and fixed well reality is distributed and compares, until that the fracture strike that above-mentioned any detection method is determined is distributed in the fixed well place is consistent with the actual fracture strike distribution of described fixed well., because consistent with the actual fracture strike distribution of fixed well, can illustrate that it is correct that the fracture strike of determining in the present embodiment distributes, and the time window corresponding with the degree of depth after adjusting is final definite time window.
Step 105: the initial depth scope after adjusting is as the target depth range of described target area, and the fracture strike of described target depth range is distributed as target fracture strike in described target area and distributes.
So far, the fracture distribution in target area just can determine, the degree of depth after adjustment is the target depth range of described target area, and the fracture strike of target depth range is distributed as target fracture strike in described target area and distributes.
Need to prove, determine that fracture density distributes when with fracture strike, distributing, can there is no sequencing, can determine first that fracture strike distributes, and then the Density Distribution in definite crack.But in actual applications, generally be not inclined to the distribution of moving towards of first determining crack,, because definite multi-solution as a result that fracture strike distributes is stronger, be not easy to obtain to meet good result with fixed well.
In the technical scheme of the present embodiment, adopt a kind of comprehensive analysis method, at first whole target area is arranged an initial depth scope, then by the compressional wave orientation detecting method, with relative wave impedance orientation detecting method, determine respectively described initial depth scope internal fissure Density Distribution; If the fracture density that two kinds of detection methods are determined is consistent, above-mentioned fracture density is the target fracture density; Move towards for crack that distribute can be by obtaining with comparing of fixed well, concrete, adjust the initial depth scope, be in course of adjustment, the fracture strike of adopting above-mentioned two kinds of methods to obtain the corresponding degree of depth distributes, distribute consistent until the fracture strike that above-mentioned any detection method is determined is distributed in the fixed well place with the actual fracture strike of described fixed well, so, initial depth scope after adjustment is the target depth range of described target area, and the fracture strike of target depth range is distributed as target fracture strike in described target area and distributes.In the present embodiment, the different detection methods of integrated application determine that the fracture density of target area distributes and fracture strike distributes, and constraint mutually, reference mutually between diverse ways, to guarantee the accuracy of result.By the contrast with fixed well, improve the accuracy of fracture distribution result, can verify that also the present invention adopts the validity of integrated approach simultaneously.
Description according to embodiment 1, as can be known, the fracture density of determining by compressional wave orientation detecting method and relative wave impedance orientation detecting method distributes not simultaneously, the actual fracture density that can't determine target area distributes, for this reason, the present invention also provides the investigation method embodiment 2 of a kind of buried hill fracture distribution, to solve by compressional wave orientation detecting method and the definite fracture density of relative wave impedance orientation detecting method not simultaneously, while namely having separate, determine fracture density more.With reference to shown in Figure 2, be the process flow diagram of the investigation method embodiment 2 of a kind of buried hill provided by the invention fracture distribution, the present embodiment can be regarded as a specific implementation on embodiment 1 basis, and the present embodiment specifically can comprise:
Step 201: the initial depth scope that whole target area is set.
Step 202: extract the reflection wave data of difference in target area, and according to described reflection wave data acquisition p-wave impedance.
In practical operation, can carry out reconnaissance with certain sizing grid in target area, sizing grid can be specifically selected according to actual needs,, such as 25*25,300*300, is not construed as limiting here.
Close echo at the seismic event that receives comprises all reflection waves, diffracted wave etc., so, in follow-up application, at first to carry out the extraction of reflection wave and diffracted wave from the ripple that returns, concrete, can once all ripples be extracted and separate, also can be before using certain ripple, then extract.
Step 203: adopt respectively compressional wave orientation detecting method and relative wave impedance orientation detecting method to determine that the fracture density in described initial depth scope distributes.
Step 204: consistent if the fracture density that above-mentioned two kinds of detection methods are determined distributes, described fracture density is distributed and distributes as the target fracture density.
In order to eliminate the multi-solution of determining that fracture density distributes, namely the fracture density of the same target area determined of distinct methods distributes differently, introduces the diffracted wave detection method, refer step 205.
Step 205: the diffracted wave data of extracting difference in target area.
When the subsurface formations dielectric reveals certain heterogeneity, traditional seismic data process will ignore with formation method and compacting and seismic event predominant wavelength quite or less local structure and lithological information.Have research to show, when the heteropical yardstick in stratum and wavelength were more or less the same, the scattering effect of ripple was the most obvious, and backscattering in this case has practical value comparatively widely in seismic prospecting.For buried hill slit formation hydrocarbon-bearing pool, the distribution in crack presents regionality, heterogeneity, when seismic event during by the crack aggregation zone in target area, due to the nonuniformity in crack, can produce diffraction, can comprise abundant diffracted wave information in the seismic data that gathers.The diffracted wave detection method can determine that fracture density distributes, and definite fracture density distribution computation complexity is lower, speed.Its shortcoming is to can not determine that fracture strike distributes.it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, step 205 might not be implemented after step 204, because in practical application, the fracture density that gets according to the different detection methods of reflection wave distributes and is likely different, so can adopt in advance the diffracted wave detection method to obtain fracture density distributes, treat follow-up use, in addition, also have a subsidiary benefit to be exactly by the diffracted wave detection method, can be further the accurate territorial scope of fracture distribution, thereby follow-up when using the compressional wave orientation detecting method with relative wave impedance orientation detecting method, can collect targetedly the reflection wave in accurate scope, reduce calculated amount.
Step 206:, according to the energy properties of diffracted wave, by the diffracted wave detection method, determine that fracture density corresponding to initial depth scope described in described target area distributes.
Described diffracted wave energy properties can comprise RMS amplitude, peak swing and average amplitude etc., by the extraction to diffraction information in target area, can calculate the distribution of fracture density conversely, size by fracture density can be described development degree of micro cracks in oil qualitatively, the place that fracture density is large, can think a good Fractured Zone.
Step 207: determine the inconsistent discriminate regions of the fracture density of obtaining based on two kinds of detection methods of reflection wave distribution.
Step 208: respectively fracture density distribute and diffracted wave detection method at described discriminate regions place obtain the fracture density distribution of above-mentioned two kinds of detection methods in discriminate regions compared.
Step 209: the consistent fracture density of detection method in whole target area of the fracture density distribution that will obtain at described discriminate regions place with the diffracted wave detection method distributes and is defined as the target fracture density.
if the fracture density of determining by the compressional wave orientation detecting method distributes inconsistent with the fracture density distribution of determining by relative wave impedance orientation detecting method, the inconsistent zone of Density Distribution is called discriminate regions, above-mentioned two kinds of detection methods based on reflection wave are distributed and compare in distribute fracture density that the fracture density determined with the diffracted wave detection method is distributed in discriminate regions of the fracture density of discriminate regions, distribute and distribute as the target fracture density wherein with fracture density that the diffracted wave detection method obtains, being distributed in fracture density that the consistent detection method of discriminate regions obtains.
Step 210: adjust described initial depth scope, be in course of adjustment, the fracture strike of adopting above-mentioned two kinds of methods to obtain the corresponding degree of depth distributes, until the fracture strike that above-mentioned any detection method is determined is distributed in the fixed well place, with the actual fracture strike of described fixed well, distributes consistent.
Step 211: the initial depth scope after adjusting is as the target depth range of described target area, and the fracture strike of described target depth range is distributed as target fracture strike in described target area and distributes.
Step 212: fracture distribution in the target area of determining is carried out crack form genetic analysis.
The energy properties of all ripples of using in the present embodiment all can comprise: RMS amplitude, peak swing or average amplitude, by a large amount of evidences, for the diffracted wave detection method, while adopting RMS amplitude, the result that obtains has higher accuracy.And for the compressional wave detection method, while adopting average amplitude, the result that obtains has higher accuracy.In engineering application, obtain after fracture density in target area and fracture strike distribute by certain method, prove that the result that obtains is correct by reasonable manner, the origin cause of formation in crack namely will be described, this process can be called is just drilling process.
Concrete, the interpretation horizon of target area is carried out smoothing processing, then arrange and just drill parameter, described just drilling parameter can comprise any can be so that the factor that the stratum original appearance changes, such as curvature, maximum principal strain, surplus capacity, major principal stress etc.Just drill parameter role to the interpretation horizon after level and smooth with what arrange, if the fracture density that the interpretation horizon after effect produces and move towards to distribute consistent with the above-mentioned result of obtaining, can illustrate that target formation distinguishes that crack formally caused by the above-mentioned effect of just drilling parameter.Simultaneously, can also be to by just drilling the result that obtains, with the fracture distribution result that obtains by step 201-step 211, comparing, if both result is inconsistent, can to the parameter in the method for using in step 201-step 211 (such as the time window) adjust, result both is consistent as far as possible.
The fracture distribution that obtains is just being drilled in the engineering application and is being necessary,, because well-digging is generally darker, can spend a large amount of human and material resources.So when reality is surveyed a certain area, specifically in which position, dig a well, comprehensive various factors just can be implemented after determining.And after the fracture distribution that obtains by the present embodiment, find that certain area has abundant hydrocarbon-bearing pool, but the fracture distribution that the evidence explanation that there is no other is obtained by the method for the present embodiment is correct, so just can't provide a reliable foundation for engineering construction.If but by the bright local origin cause of formation that forms the crack that so distributes that causes of just delivering a speech, and the geological movement that occurred in history in the target area that the reason of determining and other industry expert research are thought is consistent, the result obtained of the present embodiment just can for engineering apply provide one can reference foundation.
In the present embodiment, analysis-by-synthesis the distribution situation in crack, buried hill, solved the multiresolution issue that fracture density distributes and move towards distribution, simultaneously, by just drilling the comparison of result, can also further adjust the process of analysis-by-synthesis, further guarantee the accuracy of buried hill fracture distribution.
For the ease of understanding technical scheme of the present invention, now take a kind of practical application scene as example, describe implementation of the present invention in detail, the investigation method that provides according to the various embodiments described above, choose fracture development district, a buried hill (the follow-up work area that is called) and carry out the FRACTURE CHARACTERISTICS attributes research, target fracture development district is the Archean erathem oil-bearing series, take migmatitic granite and mixed rock as main, reservoir space is take crack as master, corrosion hole as auxiliary, storage and collection performance is better, in this as the example of checking said method feasibility and effect.Be called in follow-up whole process through the fracture distribution exploration refutation process of determining fracture distribution.
Application diffracted wave detection method, take the buried hill interpretation horizon as basis, is opened the time window of 50ms and 100ms downwards.Multiple attribute selection by diffracted wave, described attribute comprises RMS amplitude, peak swing or average amplitude, finally choose the prediction that the RMS amplitude attribute carries out the fracture distribution zone, shown in figure 3a-Fig. 3 b, be the crack pattern that adopts the diffracted wave detection method to determine.As can be seen from the figure, the diffracted wave detection method can be described the regularity of distribution of target fracture development district internal fissure preferably, and larger in fixed well (well A, well B and well C) position fracture density, shows fracture development.
after definite fracture distribution rule, select the average amplitude attribute of reflection wave to carry out the prediction in fracture distribution zone, simultaneously, take reflection wave as basis, calculate relative wave impedance, application compressional wave orientation detecting method and relative wave impedance orientation detecting method, take the buried hill interpretation horizon as basis, the time window of opening different length in its both sides (can be the same with the diffracted wave detection method, window while opening downwards), carrying out the fracture density distribution calculates, the result that test obtains can be with reference to shown in figure 4a-Fig. 4 d, wherein the compressional wave method is the compressional wave orientation detecting method, the wave impedance method is relative wave impedance orientation detecting method relatively.The time window while being 100ms and 200ms, the fracture density that the obtains difference that distributes is little.When described, window is that the 100ms 50ms and the 100ms that open during with diffracted wave with 200ms are corresponding, because while adopting the diffracted wave method, the time window be to open downwards, and the latter is window while in the both sides of buried hill interpretation horizon, opening, the 100ms of this moment just can be understood as and upwards opens 50ms, opens 50ms downwards, while opening, the size of window and direction can be chosen according to practical application, do not do restriction here.
As can be seen from Figure 3, in the northwestward and northeast (the fixed well region) in work area, the inversion result of two kinds of attributes can better mate.But identical with the diffracted wave inverting, when 100ms and 200ms during window, inversion result to the time window attribute no longer responsive, and in the work area central region, the inversion result of two kinds of attributes still has difference.
But, after the inversion result of fracture distribution in analysis-by-synthesis Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, can see the middle part in work area, apply relative wave impedance crack detection method and the resulting result of diffracted wave information crack detection method can be good at meeting.So, can determine that fracture density and the reality of relative wave impedance crack detection method exploration comparatively meets.
, in the situation that provided the inversion result of fracture density, below will carry out the fracture azimuth back analysis.Choose three mouthfuls of fixed well (well A, well B and well C) inverting of fracture orientation attribute retrains, application P wave data and relative Acoustic Impedance Data orientation crack detection method carry out inverting, with not simultaneously under window the fracture strike of fracture strike distribution and fixed well distribute and compare, we can obtain in work area having well location to put fracture azimuth distribute (as shown in Fig. 5-7).What fixed well provided is the distribution situations of cracks of a certain depth range in wellhole, is the concentrated expression of crack on depth direction.Fracture azimuth inversion result by Fig. 5-shown in Figure 7 as can be known, the time window be 200ms, when grid is 300 meters, the result of inverting is consistent with fracture azimuth result in 3 mouthfuls of fixed wells, can reflect fracture orientation main in work area.
Finally, the inversion result of comprehensive above FRACTURE CHARACTERISTICS attribute, can determine to apply 100ms diffracted wave Prediction of Fracture Distribution and the regularity of distribution of applying FRACTURE CHARACTERISTICS attribute that the relative wave impedance inversion of 200ms obtains and can describe comparatively exactly this district's fracture density and fracture azimuth.
Apply the fracture density attribute that the crack detection method inverting of relative Acoustic Impedance Data orientation obtains, the fracture density that represents target area distributes (as shown in Figure 8,9), the result that provides in conjunction with forward model simultaneously, in the analysis zones of different, crack may be configured to because of (as shown in table 1), for the different parameters of just drilling, with reference to just drilling result, Causes of Cracking corresponding to zone that obtains dividing in Fig. 8 shown in figure 10a-Figure 10 d.
The structure genetic analysis of crack, table 1 fracture development zone
| The origin cause of formation | Zone 1 | |
|
|
|
|
|
| Structure curvature attribute | √ | √ | ? | ? | ? | ? | √ |
| The maximum principal strain attribute | √ | ? | √ | ? | √ | √ | ? |
| The surplus capacity attribute | √ | ? | ? | √ | ? | √ | ? |
| The major principal stress attribute | √ | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
When actual carrying out, every kind is just being drilled parameter is that independent action is in target area, if the corresponding multiple origin cause of formation in zone illustrates that the parameter of just drilling use all likely causes work area to form the fracture distribution that inverting obtains.The result of obtaining by crack origin analysis and inversion result not simultaneously, can be revised inversion result.Generally, do not carry out the correction of inversion result, but take inversion result as foundation.Under specific circumstances, can revise inversion result, such as, at the fixed well annex, the fracture development district is arranged, and the result that inverting obtains does not conform to the actual conditions, just drilling the result that obtains and conforming to actual, illustrate that there is error in inversion result, adjustment inverted parameters that can be suitable.Or multiple just to drill the result that parameter obtains all different from inversion result, illustrate that inversion result may be not right, at this moment, also can adjust inverted parameters, such as the time window size, the energy properties of the ripple that perhaps adopts etc.
Corresponding to embodiment of the method, the present invention also provides the surveying device of a kind of buried hill fracture distribution, with reference to shown in Figure 11, is a kind of structural representation of the surveying device of a kind of buried hill fracture distribution, and described device comprises:
The first determination module 1102, be used for adopting respectively compressional wave orientation detecting method and relative wave impedance orientation detecting method to determine that the fracture density in described initial depth scope distributes;
The second determination module 1103, when consistent for the definite fracture density distribution of above-mentioned two kinds of detection methods, distribute described fracture density to distribute as the target fracture density;
Adjusting module 1104, be used for adjusting described initial depth scope, be in course of adjustment, the fracture strike of adopting above-mentioned two kinds of methods to obtain the corresponding degree of depth distributes, until the fracture strike that above-mentioned any detection method is determined is distributed in the fixed well place, with the actual fracture strike of described fixed well, distributes consistent;
Fracture distribution determination module 1105, the initial depth scope after being used for adjusting is as the target depth range of described target area, and the fracture strike of described target depth range is distributed as the target fracture strike and distributes.
Preferably, described the first determination module 1102 can comprise following submodule:
Extract submodule, be used for the reflection wave data of receiving target district difference, and according to described reflection wave data acquisition p-wave impedance;
First obtains submodule, is used for the energy properties according to reflection wave, by the compressional wave orientation detecting method, determines that the fracture density in described initial depth scope distributes;
Second obtains submodule, is used for the energy properties according to p-wave impedance, by relative wave impedance orientation detecting method, determines that the fracture density in described initial depth scope distributes.
Preferably, described device can also comprise:
Extraction module, for the diffracted wave data of receiving target district difference;
The 3rd determination module, be used for the energy properties according to diffracted wave, by the diffracted wave detection method, determines that fracture density corresponding to initial depth scope described in described target area distributes;
The 4th determination module, be used for determining the inconsistent discriminate regions of fracture density distribution when the definite fracture density distribution of above-mentioned two kinds of detection methods is inconsistent;
Comparison module, be used for respectively fracture density distribute and diffracted wave detection method at described discriminate regions place obtain the fracture density distribution of above-mentioned two kinds of detection methods in discriminate regions being compared;
The second determination module, specifically be used for the fracture density distribution of the consistent detection method of the fracture density distribution that will obtain at described discriminate regions place with the diffracted wave detection method in whole target area and be defined as the target fracture density.
Analysis module, be used for that the target area fracture distribution of determining is carried out crack and form genetic analysis.
The function that in device embodiment, each module realizes is corresponding with method operation steps in embodiment of the method, repeats no more here.
For system embodiment, because it corresponds essentially to embodiment of the method, so relevant part gets final product referring to the part explanation of embodiment of the method.System embodiment described above is only schematically, and wherein said unit as the separating component explanation can or can not be also physically to separate, and the parts that show as unit can be or can not be also physical locations.Can select according to the actual needs wherein some or all of module to realize the purpose of the present embodiment scheme.
The above is only the specific embodiment of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the investigation method of a buried hill fracture distribution, is characterized in that, described method comprises:
The initial depth scope of whole target area is set;
Adopt respectively compressional wave orientation detecting method and relative wave impedance orientation detecting method to determine that the fracture density in described initial depth scope distributes;
When the fracture density distribution that above-mentioned two kinds of detection methods are determined is consistent, described fracture density is distributed and distributes as the target fracture density;
Adjust described initial depth scope, be in course of adjustment, the fracture strike of adopting above-mentioned two kinds of methods to obtain the corresponding degree of depth distributes, until the fracture strike that above-mentioned any detection method is determined is distributed in the fixed well place, with the actual fracture strike of described fixed well, distributes consistent;
With the target depth range of the initial depth scope after adjusting as described target area, the fracture strike of described target depth range is distributed as the target fracture strike and distributes.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, adopts respectively compressional wave orientation detecting method and relative wave impedance orientation detecting method to determine that the fracture density in described initial depth scope distributes, and comprising:
Extract the reflection wave data of difference in target area, and according to described reflection wave data acquisition p-wave impedance;
, according to the energy properties of reflection wave, by the compressional wave orientation detecting method, determine that the fracture density in described initial depth scope distributes;
, according to the energy properties of p-wave impedance, by relative wave impedance orientation detecting method, determine that the fracture density in described initial depth scope distributes.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described method also comprises:
Extract the diffracted wave data of difference in target area;
, according to the energy properties of diffracted wave, by the diffracted wave detection method, determine that fracture density corresponding to initial depth scope described in described target area distributes;
When the definite fracture density distribution of above-mentioned two kinds of detection methods is inconsistent, determine the inconsistent discriminate regions of fracture density distribution;
Respectively fracture density distribute and diffracted wave detection method at described discriminate regions place obtain the fracture density distribution of above-mentioned two kinds of detection methods in discriminate regions compared;
The consistent fracture density of detection method in whole target area of the fracture density distribution that will obtain at described discriminate regions place with the diffracted wave detection method distributes and is defined as the target fracture density.
4. according to claim 1-3 described methods of any one, is characterized in that, described method also comprises:
Fracture distribution in the target area of determining is carried out crack form genetic analysis.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, when described initial depth scope adopts, window represents.
6. according to claim 2-3 described methods of any one, is characterized in that, energy properties comprises: RMS amplitude, peak swing or average amplitude.
7. the surveying device of a buried hill fracture distribution, is characterized in that, described device comprises:
Module is set, is used for arranging the initial depth scope of whole target area;
The first determination module, be used for adopting respectively compressional wave orientation detecting method and relative wave impedance orientation detecting method to determine that the fracture density in described initial depth scope distributes;
The second determination module, when consistent for the definite fracture density distribution of above-mentioned two kinds of detection methods, distribute described fracture density to distribute as the target fracture density;
Adjusting module, be used for adjusting described initial depth scope, be in course of adjustment, the fracture strike of adopting above-mentioned two kinds of methods to obtain the corresponding degree of depth distributes, until the fracture strike that above-mentioned any detection method is determined is distributed in the fixed well place, with the actual fracture strike of described fixed well, distributes consistent;
The fracture distribution determination module, the initial depth scope after being used for adjusting is as the target depth range of described target area, and the fracture strike of described target depth range is distributed as the target fracture strike and distributes.
8. device according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described the first determination module comprises:
Extract submodule, be used for the reflection wave data of receiving target district difference, and according to described reflection wave data acquisition p-wave impedance;
First obtains submodule, is used for the energy properties according to reflection wave, by the compressional wave orientation detecting method, determines that the fracture density in described initial depth scope distributes;
Second obtains submodule, is used for the energy properties according to p-wave impedance, by relative wave impedance orientation detecting method, determines that the fracture density in described initial depth scope distributes.
9. device according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described device also comprises:
Extraction module, for the diffracted wave data of receiving target district difference;
The 3rd determination module, be used for the energy properties according to diffracted wave, by the diffracted wave detection method, determines that fracture density corresponding to initial depth scope described in described target area distributes;
The 4th determination module, be used for determining the inconsistent discriminate regions of fracture density distribution when the definite fracture density distribution of above-mentioned two kinds of detection methods is inconsistent;
Comparison module, be used for respectively fracture density distribute and diffracted wave detection method at described discriminate regions place obtain the fracture density distribution of above-mentioned two kinds of detection methods in discriminate regions being compared;
The second determination module, specifically be used for the fracture density distribution of the consistent detection method of the fracture density distribution that will obtain at described discriminate regions place with the diffracted wave detection method in whole target area and be defined as the target fracture density.
10. according to claim 7-9 described devices of any one, is characterized in that, described device also comprises:
Analysis module, be used for that the target area fracture distribution of determining is carried out crack and form genetic analysis.
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