CN104297784A - Primary wave azimuthal anisotropy based fracture predicting method - Google Patents
Primary wave azimuthal anisotropy based fracture predicting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a primary wave azimuthal anisotropy based fracture predicting method. The method comprises the steps of amplitude preservation preprocessing, azimuth angle grouping, super surface element processing, sub-azimuth velocity analyzing, pre-stack amplitude equalization processing, sub-azimuth migration imaging, seismic attribute extracting, fracture ellipse fitting, fracture development intensity predicting and the like. The step of azimuth angle grouping is carried out before the step of super surface element processing so as to ensure that azimuth angle groups are relatively consistent in variation amplitude and that trace gather data of the azimuth angle groups is relatively consistence and uniform in coverage times; dynamic correction is carried out on the anisotropy through introducing anisotropy parameters in sub-azimuth velocity analysis, far-offset data with azimuthal anisotropy characteristics being the most obvious is reserved, and the far-offset data is enabled to participate in sub-azimuth migration imaging and fracture ellipse fitting calculations. In addition, a Thiessen polygon based pre-stack amplitude equalization processing method is adopted to improve the amplitude preservation performance of migration results. The fracture predicting method provided by the invention is high in acquired fracture ellipse fitting precision, and fracture prediction results are more accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil exploration technology field, particularly relate to a kind of crack prediction method based on primary seismic wave azimuthal anisotropy.
Background technology
Slit formation hydrocarbon-bearing pool is extensively present in each major field in the world, the features such as growth is general, complex distribution that it has, and in incremental reserves, occupy increasing proportion.Accurate Prediction Fractured Zone is the prerequisite evaluating crack elimination, improves the key of slit formation reservoir exploration efficiency and development level especially.At present, many comparatively ripe crack elimination earthquake detection method have been developed both at home and abroad.Wherein, commonplace is a kind of crack prediction method based on primary seismic wave azimuthal anisotropy.The method, based on compressional wave azimuthal anisotropy principle, is extracted seismic properties to different orientations migration result and is carried out matching anisotropy ellipse, the direction in prediction crack and density.Particularly, as shown in Figure 1, the method mainly comprises: protect width pre-service, super bin process, position angle grouping, point azimuthal velocity analysis, based on degree of covering indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium treatment, divide the steps such as azimuth deviation imaging, azimuthal anisotropy seismic attribute abstraction, anisotropy ellipse fitting and fracture development density prediction.Although the method is widespread use, still there is following defect:
1, in super bin processing procedure, in adjacent bin, piggybacking preferentially chooses the road in direction arranged in parallel, and does not choose the road in homeotropic alignment direction.Therefore, for the data that wire harness shape gathers, adopt and first carry out the processing mode that " super bin process " carries out " position angle grouping " again, when guaranteeing different azimuth data cover number of times uniformity, each position angle group amplitude of variation differs greatly, and the amplitude of variation of position angle, homeotropic alignment direction group can be the several times of the amplitude of variation of position angle, direction arranged in parallel group.This can cause the precision of ellipse fitting result lower, and results of fracture prediction exists certain error.
2, in velocity analysis process, take maximum stack energy as criterion pickup velocity, do not consider anisotropic impact.In offset distance part far away, especially often there is dynamic school phenomenon at middle-shallow layer offset distance lineups far away.In order to ensure maximum stack energy, offset data far away can only be given up.But offset data far away best embodies azimuthal anisotropy, it is indispensable part in the FRACTURE PREDICTION based on primary seismic wave azimuthal anisotropy.Once give up offset data far away, the precision of ellipse fitting result can be reduced, cause results of fracture prediction to there is larger error.
3, based in the indication using prestack seismic amplitude equalization process of degree of covering, every weights are together asked for owing to adopting arithmetic mean, do not consider offset distance and the azimuth information of not people having a common goal, therefore guarantor's width performance of migration imaging is on the low side, the seismic properties partial distortion extracted thus, causes results of fracture prediction to there is certain error.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the present invention proposes a kind of high-precision crack prediction method based on primary seismic wave azimuthal anisotropy newly.
This crack detection method, it comprises the following steps:
S100, the pre-service of guarantor's width is carried out to geological data, obtain corresponding common midpoint gather data;
S200, divide by position angle some position angles group of hanking by common midpoint gather data, wherein guarantee that the amplitude of variation of each position angle group is relatively consistent;
S300, super bin process is carried out to each group road, position angle collection data, make group road, each position angle collection data cover number of times substantially evenly and relatively consistent;
S400, velocity analysis is carried out to each group road, position angle collection data, set up corresponding velocity field and complete dynamic school;
S500, offset distance grouping is carried out to each group road, the position angle collection data after super bin process, then indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium treatment is carried out to the road collection data of each offset distance group;
Velocity field behind S600, the dynamic school of combination, carries out pre-stack time migration to the common offset road collection data of each the position angle group through indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium treatment, obtains the migration before stack performance data body of different orientations group;
S700, seismic properties is extracted to the migration before stack performance data body of different orientations group, obtain the seismic attributes data body of different orientations group;
S800, oval based on the seismic attributes data body matching anisotropy crack of different orientations group;
S900, according to the correlation parameter analyses and prediction fracture azimuth of anisotropy crack ellipse and density.
According to embodiments of the invention, in above-mentioned steps S100, described geological data can be wide-azimuth geological data, and the pre-service of described guarantor's width can comprise substep-classification-frequency division-point territory-timesharing window fidelity denoising, protect width energy compensating, deconvolution and static corrections processing.
According to embodiments of the invention, in above-mentioned steps S200, can be 0 degree of orientation with positive north, due south be 180 degree of orientation, common midpoint gather data sequence is divided into 4 or 5 or 6 position angle groups.
According to embodiments of the invention, in above-mentioned steps S300, described super bin can be rectangle, and its yardstick is the several times of bin yardstick.
According to embodiments of the invention, in above-mentioned steps S400, described velocity analysis is anisotropic velocity analysis, sets up conventional speeds field and anisotropy field, and completes anisotropy and move school;
In step S600, the velocity field behind described dynamic school is through conventional speeds field and the anisotropy field that anisotropy moves school.
Further, it is move in school in isotropy hyperbolic to introduce anisotropic parameters that described anisotropy moves school, completes high-order move school by following formula:
Wherein, x is geophone offset, and t (x) is two-way time when geophone offset is x, t
0for two-way time when geophone offset is 0, V
nMOfor the stack velocity that general velocity analysis obtains,
ε characterizes the relation of vertical interval velocity and flat seam speed, and δ characterizes the relation of vertical interval velocity and phase velocity.
Or in above-mentioned steps S400, described velocity analysis is general velocity analysis, sets up conventional speeds field, and completes isotropy hyperbolic and move school; In step S600, the velocity field behind described dynamic school is through the conventional speeds field that isotropy hyperbolic moves school.
According to embodiments of the invention, in above-mentioned steps S500, described indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium treatment can be the indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium treatment based on Thiessen polygon.
Or in above-mentioned steps S500, described indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium treatment is the indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium treatment based on degree of covering.
In addition, in above-mentioned steps S700 ~ S900, described seismic properties comprises amplitude envelope attribute, oval F (the θ of matching crack attribute is carried out according to amplitude envelope attribute, φ)=A (θ)+B (θ) cos2 φ, obtains amplitude bias factor A, Modulation and Amplitude Modulation factor B and fracture orientation direction parameter φ, wherein, θ is incident angle, and the ratio of amplitude bias factor A and Modulation and Amplitude Modulation factor B represents fracture development density.
Compared with prior art, one or more embodiment of the present invention can have the following advantages by tool:
1, the crack prediction method of the present invention's proposition, adopt and first carry out the processing mode that " position angle grouping " carries out " super bin process " again, can either guarantee that each position angle group data cover number of times is substantially even, can guarantee that again the amplitude of variation of each position angle group is relatively consistent, effectively can improve crack ellipse fitting precision, and then improve the accuracy of results of fracture prediction.
2, the crack prediction method of the present invention's proposition, carry out high-order move school by picking up anisotropic parameters in velocity analysis process, offset distance lineups far away for middle-shallow layer are evened up, retain azimuthal anisotropy feature offset data the farthest away, it is made to participate in point azimuth deviation imaging and crack ellipse fitting computing, effectively improve crack ellipse fitting precision, and then improve the accuracy of results of fracture prediction.
3, the crack prediction method of the present invention's proposition, the amplitude equalization method of Thiessen polygon is adopted before migration imaging, calculate every weight factor together of irregular distribution, make the guarantor's width performance boost offseting achievement, more true and reliable seismic properties can be extracted, effectively improve crack ellipse fitting precision, and then improve the accuracy of results of fracture prediction.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the following description, and partly become apparent from instructions, or understand by implementing the present invention.Object of the present invention and other advantages realize by structure specifically noted in instructions, claims and accompanying drawing and obtain.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and forms a part for instructions, with embodiments of the invention jointly for explaining the present invention, is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the workflow diagram of the existing crack prediction method based on primary seismic wave azimuthal anisotropy;
Fig. 2 is the crack prediction method based on primary seismic wave azimuthal anisotropy provided by the invention workflow diagram in one embodiment;
Fig. 3 is " super bin process+position angle grouping " scheme in the embodiment of the present invention and the comparison diagram of each bearing data degree of covering distributed effect of " position angle divide into groups+super bin process " scheme;
Fig. 4 is that in the embodiment of the present invention, different azimuth angular data is only applied conventional speeds field and carried out conventional dynamic school and carry out with application conventional speeds field and anisotropy field the common midpoint gather comparison diagram that anisotropy moves school;
Fig. 5 a is the migrated section figure not doing indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 b is based on the migrated section figure after the indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium of degree of covering in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 c is based on the migrated section figure after the indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium of Thiessen polygon in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is from the amplitude envelope sectional view crossed with reference to well surveying line different azimuth skew achievement extracting data in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of results of fracture prediction in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the crack prediction method that the present invention proposes is described in detail.The crack prediction method proposed due to the present invention is the improvement made on the basis of traditional crack prediction method, therefore the principle of work of traditional crack prediction method is first introduced below, and then with Subei Basin work area high-precision wide azimuthal seismic data for objective for implementation, introduce the implementing procedure of crack prediction method of the present invention in detail.
When primary seismic wave is at subterranean fracture Propagation, the seismic properties such as speed, amplitude all can change along with position angle.In HTI medium, character of reflection wave changes with position angle and incident angle change.The reflection coefficient formula of the HTI medium that the people such as Ruger propose is:
(1)
Wherein:
for position angle, θ is incident angle; V
pfor velocity of longitudinal wave, V
sfor shear wave velocity, ρ is Media density, Δ V
p=V
p2-V
p1, Δ V
s=V
s2-V
s1, Δ ρ=ρ
2-ρ
1; ε and γ represents compressional wave anisotropy and shear wave anisotropy difference degree, and δ is then relevant with the elliptical shape of wavefront, Δ ε
x=ε
x2-ε
x1, Δ ε
y=ε
y2-ε
y1, Δ δ
x=δ
x2-δ
x1, Δ δ
y=δ
y2-δ
y1, Δ γ
xy=γ
xy2-γ
xy1;
for reflection coefficient.
Formula (1) is carried out simplification further and can obtain following formula:
Wherein: R
0reflection coefficient when being vertical incidence, or perhaps the intercept of amplitude variation with Offset (AVO), G is then AVO gradient:
G(φ)＝A+Bcos[2(φ-φ
0)] (3)
Here A and B is constant.For a given incidence angle θ
0, longitudinal wave reflection coefficient and azimuthal relation can be reduced to following formula:
R
pp(θ
0,φ)＝C+Dcos[2(φ-φ
0)] (4)
Same, C and D is here constant.By equation (3) and (4), can find out the incident angle for determining, AVO gradient and reflection coefficient are all along with azimuthal cos (2 φ) variation.
θ and φ represents observed azimuth, incident angle and fracture orientation respectively, thus above-mentioned formula can unify be:
F(θ,φ)＝A(θ)+B(θ)cos2φ+C(θ)cos
22φ (5)
Wherein, F (θ, φ) represents the reflection coefficient of compressional wave, or the inverse of NMO velocity squared, or interlayer whilst on tour.θ is incident angle, and φ is the position angle of relative fracture orientation, A (θ), B (θ), and C (θ) is the coefficient irrelevant with position angle.
And further, for the situation that incident angle is enough little, above formula (5) can be approximately further:
F(θ,φ)＝A(θ)+B(θ)cos2φ (6)
When incident angle is fixed, in polar coordinates, F (seismic properties) is an ellipse, and when φ=0, F represents oval major axis.Owing to not knowing fracture orientation before carrying out FRACTURE PREDICTION, therefore when position angle defines according to coordinate axis, oval long axis direction is exactly the direction in crack.
From formula (6): want density parameter A, B of predicting crack by extracting seismic properties fitted ellipse F, and fracture azimuth parameter phi, at least to there be three groups of seismic attributes datas, that is: at least need that process is protected a pretreated CMP road collection data and be divided into three groups according to position angle.Experience according in the past: if position angle grouping is few, greatly can affect the reliability of Crack Detection; If position angle grouping too much, then data SNR can be reduced.Therefore, 4 to 6 groups are generally divided into more suitable.As introducing in background technology, the existing crack prediction method based on primary seismic wave azimuthal anisotropy first carries out super bin process, and then carry out position angle grouping, to guarantee the relatively uniform of the rear degree of covering of position angle grouping.Concrete principle carries out super bin process to the part of shortage of data, copies the seismic trace of adjacent bin, the data in each offset distance group had and distributes more uniformly, and then it is also relatively uniform that overall degree of covering is distributed.But under this processing mode, the amplitude of variation of each position angle group differs greatly, the amplitude of variation of position angle, homeotropic alignment direction group can be the several times of the amplitude of variation of position angle, direction arranged in parallel group.This can cause the precision of ellipse fitting result on the low side, and results of fracture prediction exists larger error.Therefore the present inventor proposes the scheme of " super bin process+position angle grouping " to change into " position angle divide into groups+super bin process " scheme.As shown in Figure 2, concrete operation step can be as follows.
S100, guarantor's width pre-treatment step.
Wide-azimuth geological data is carried out to substep-classification-frequency division-point territory-timesharing window fidelity denoising, protects the process in early stage such as width energy compensating, deconvolution and static correction, exports without obvious noise and the common midpoint gather data of the static time difference.
S200, position angle grouping step.
Be 0 degree of orientation with positive north, due south is 180 degree of orientation, common midpoint gather data sequence is divided into 4 position angle groups (can certainly be 5 groups or 6 groups, be not limited thereto), wherein needs to guarantee that the amplitude of variation of each position angle group is relative with data cover number of times consistent.In the present embodiment, following 4 groups are divided into:
First group: 0 ° ~ 20 °, 160 ° ~ 200 °, 340 °-360 °;
Second group: 65 ° ~ 115 °, 245 ° ~ 295 °;
3rd group: 20 ° ~ 65 °, 200 ° ~ 245 °;
4th group: 115 ° ~ 160 °, 295 °-340 °.
So, the first prescription parallactic angle amplitude of variation is 40 degree, and the second prescription parallactic angle amplitude of variation is 50 degree, and the 3rd prescription parallactic angle amplitude of variation is 45 degree, and the 4th prescription parallactic angle amplitude of variation is 45 degree, and each group amplitude of variation is relatively consistent.
S300, super bin treatment step.
Super bin process is carried out respectively to above-mentioned 4 prescription position angle gathers data.The preferred rectangular in form of super bin, yardstick can be three times of bin yardstick.In the present embodiment, geological data bin size is 20m*20m, and super bin size gets 60m*60m.Offset distance is divided into 60 groups, often group retains together, thus obtains the 4 prescription position angle gathers data that degree of covering is 60.
Fig. 3 is " super bin process+position angle grouping " scheme and the comparison diagram of each position angle group data cover number of times distributed effect of " position angle divide into groups+super bin process " scheme.Wherein: the first half of Fig. 3 is each position angle group data cover number of times figure of " super bin process+position angle grouping " scheme; The latter half of Fig. 3 is each position angle group data cover number of times figure of " position angle divide into groups+super bin process " scheme.As can be seen from Figure 3: adopt " position angle divide into groups+super bin process " scheme, the amplitude of variation that both ensure that each position angle group relatively unanimously, in turn ensure that the data cover number of times of each position angle group is relatively uniform.
S400, point azimuthal anisotropy velocity analysis step.
In the prior art, usually respectively general velocity analysis is carried out to different azimuth angle gathers data, and carry out such as isotropy hyperbolic and move school uniform velocity smooth operation, for pre-stack time migration provides velocity field relatively reliably.As in foregoing Background analytically, this general velocity analysis is owing to having given up offset data far away, and therefore results of fracture prediction exists larger error.
In order to improve the accuracy of results of fracture prediction, the present invention proposes to introduce anisotropic parameters in point azimuthal velocity analysis.Particularly, respectively general velocity analysis and anisotropic analysis are carried out to 4 prescription position angle gathers data, obtain velocity field and the anisotropy field (η field) of different orientations group.Then utilize the velocity field of different orientations group and anisotropy field azimuthal road collection data to complete anisotropy high-order respectively and move school.
Particularly, in isotropy hyperbolic normal moveout correction, introduce anisotropic parameters, for a point bearing data, remove position angle
impact, complete anisotropy high-order by following formula and move school:
Wherein, x is geophone offset; T (x) is two-way time when geophone offset is x; t
0for two-way time when geophone offset is 0; V
nMOfor the stack velocity that general velocity analysis obtains;
ε, in order to describe the relation of vertical interval velocity and flat seam speed, represents compressional wave anisotropic degree, and δ is in order to describe the relation of vertical interval velocity and phase velocity, and it is relevant with the elliptical shape of wavefront.
Fig. 4 is that different azimuth angular data is only applied conventional speeds field and carried out conventional dynamic school and carry out with application conventional speeds field and anisotropy field the common midpoint gather comparison diagram that anisotropy moves school.Wherein: the first half of Fig. 4 is that the conventional hyperbolic that only application conventional speeds field is carried out moves school result, and wherein offset data far away has occurred crossing dynamic school phenomenon; The latter half of Fig. 4 is that the anisotropy high-order that application conventional speeds field and anisotropy field are carried out moves school result.As can be seen from Figure 4: the anisotropy introducing anisotropic parameters is moved school and can be evened up offset distance lineups far away, improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), can solve the phenomenon that middle-shallow layer offset distance far away normal moveout correction is excessive preferably, thus the offset data far away making fracture feature more responsive can participate in follow-up point azimuth deviation imaging and crack ellipse fitting computing.
S500, indication using prestack seismic amplitude equalization processing step based on Thiessen polygon.
KIRCHHOFF migration before stack based on integration requires that space sampling point distribution is relatively uniform, because surface obstructions thing and acquisition method defect cause the property distribution such as the degree of covering of seismic data, offset distance, position angle uneven, it is not enough or excessive that irregular Data distribution8 causes underground sampling point to show up, make distribution of amplitudes on whilst on tour curved surface uneven, can not effective coherent interference be carried out during diffraction summation, cause common imaging gather volume distortion.This not only can affect conventional configurations imaging effect, and can not meet the demand of the multiple seismic properties of subsequent extracted.Therefore, in existing crack prediction method, adopt the amplitude equalization method based on degree of covering to be weighted amplitude according to number of channels in bin, to make the amplitude capability relative equilibrium participating in integration summation in each bin, make up data defect as far as possible, fill up missing data, improve imaging fidelity.But, described by background technology, every weights are together asked for owing to adopting arithmetic mean, do not consider offset distance and the azimuth information of not people having a common goal, therefore guarantor's width performance of migration imaging is on the low side, the seismic properties partial distortion extracted thus, causes results of fracture prediction to there is certain error.
In order to improve the accuracy of results of fracture prediction further, the present invention proposes the indication using prestack seismic amplitude equalization methods used instead based on Thiessen polygon and processes amplitude.That is, every position residing is together utilized to build Thiessen polygon.The continuous polygon that Thiessen polygon is made up of the perpendicular bisector connecting two adjoint point straight lines by one group.Only have in each polygon so together, the size of each Thiessen polygon shows the coverage in road in polygon.Then in each Thiessen polygon, calculate the scale factor in this road, utilize this scale factor to be weighted process to amplitude.Owing to calculating every weight factor together of irregular distribution based on the rule method of Thiessen polygon, then be weighted process, the rule method based on degree of covering that therefore the method is relatively traditional protects width more.
In the present embodiment, through super bin process, the common midpoint gather data of different orientations group have carried out offset distance grouping (offset distance divide into 60 groups) respectively, are sorted into common offset road collection data.Afterwards, carry out the indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium treatment based on Thiessen polygon to the road collection data of each offset distance group, result as skew input data, will be supplied to next step, to carry out pre-stack time migration.
S600, point azimuthal anisotropy migration imaging step.
In the present embodiment, conventional speeds field and the anisotropy field of moving school through anisotropy of integrating step S400, pre-stack time migration is carried out to the common offset road collection data of each the position angle group through indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium treatment, obtains the migration before stack performance data body of four groups of different orientations groups.Corresponding migrated section figure can be drawn according to these migration before stack performance data bodies.
Fig. 5 a is the migrated section figure not doing indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium; Fig. 5 b be based on the indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium of degree of covering after migrated section figure; Fig. 5 c be based on the indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium of Thiessen polygon after migrated section figure.As can be seen from Fig. 5 a ~ 5c: before skew, carry out the amplitude equalization process based on Thiessen polygon, relative guarantor's width performance of zone of interest lineups can be improved, be convenient to therefrom extract true and reliable seismic properties.
S700, seismic attribute abstraction step.
S800, crack ellipse fitting step.
S900, fracture development prediction steps.
In the present embodiment, to the migration before stack performance data body of different orientations group, extract the seismic properties of such as amplitude envelope attribute, obtain the amplitude envelope data volume of four groups of different orientations groups.Then contrast from the angle of amplitude energy the azimuthal anisotropy that crack causes.
Then the oval F (θ of matching crack attribute is carried out according to amplitude envelope attribute, φ)=A (θ)+B (θ) cos2 φ, amplitude bias factor A, Modulation and Amplitude Modulation factor B and fracture orientation direction parameter φ can be obtained, wherein, the ratio of amplitude bias factor and the Modulation and Amplitude Modulation factor represents fracture development density.Obtain predicting the outcome of fracture azimuth and density thus.
Fig. 6 is the sectional view from the amplitude envelope seismic properties crossed with reference to well (flower X28 well) survey line different azimuth skew achievement extracting data, in figure, black ellipse part is abundant two page 4 and page 5 fracture development interval, and the capacity volume variance of amplitude envelope attribute display causes primarily of crack.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of HW work area mound two page 4 and page 5 interval Reservoir Fractures result, and its Oxford gray part is this interval fracture development scope.As can be seen from Figure 7: the brill goodness of fit is higher in fact for Fractured Zone and drilling well (flower X28 well).
Should be noted that: the execution sequence of enforcement order not for limiting crack detection method of the present invention of crack method in above-described embodiment.Must prior to except super bin treatment step except position angle grouping step, other steps can adjust according to actual needs.Such as divide azimuthal velocity analysis step and indication using prestack seismic amplitude equalization processing step to perform, or indication using prestack seismic amplitude equalization processing step also can prior to a point azimuthal velocity analysis step simultaneously.
Finally should be noted that: above each embodiment, only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, is not intended to limit; Although with reference to foregoing embodiments to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein some or all of technical characteristic; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the protection domain of application claims.
Claims (10)
1., based on a crack detection method for primary seismic wave azimuthal anisotropy, it comprises the following steps:
S100, the pre-service of guarantor's width is carried out to geological data, obtain corresponding common midpoint gather data;
S200, divide by position angle some position angles group of hanking by common midpoint gather data, wherein guarantee that the amplitude of variation of each position angle group is relatively consistent;
S300, super bin process is carried out to each group road, position angle collection data, make group road, each position angle collection data cover number of times substantially evenly and relatively consistent;
S400, velocity analysis is carried out to each group road, position angle collection data, set up corresponding velocity field and complete dynamic school;
S500, offset distance grouping is carried out to each group road, the position angle collection data after super bin process, then indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium treatment is carried out to the road collection data of each offset distance group;
Velocity field behind S600, the dynamic school of combination, carries out pre-stack time migration to the common offset road collection data of each the position angle group through indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium treatment, obtains the migration before stack performance data body of different orientations group;
S700, seismic properties is extracted to the migration before stack performance data body of different orientations group, obtain the seismic attributes data body of different orientations group;
S800, oval based on the seismic attributes data body matching anisotropy crack of different orientations group;
S900, according to the correlation parameter analyses and prediction fracture azimuth of anisotropy crack ellipse and density.
2. crack detection method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
In step S100, described geological data is wide-azimuth geological data, and the pre-service of described guarantor's width comprises substep-classification-frequency division-point territory-timesharing window fidelity denoising, protects width energy compensating, deconvolution and static corrections processing.
3. crack detection method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
In step S200, be 0 degree of orientation with positive north, due south is 180 degree of orientation, common midpoint gather data sequence is divided into 4 or 5 or 6 position angle groups.
4. crack detection method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
In step S300, described super bin is rectangle, and its yardstick is the several times of bin yardstick.
5. crack detection method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
In step S400, described velocity analysis is anisotropic velocity analysis, sets up conventional speeds field and anisotropy field, and completes anisotropy and move school;
In step S600, the velocity field behind described dynamic school is through conventional speeds field and the anisotropy field that anisotropy moves school.
6. crack detection method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, it is move in school in isotropy hyperbolic to introduce anisotropic parameters that described anisotropy moves school, completes high-order move school by following formula:
Wherein, x is geophone offset, and t (x) is two-way time when geophone offset is x, t
0for two-way time when geophone offset is 0, V
nMOfor the stack velocity that general velocity analysis obtains,
ε characterizes the relation of vertical interval velocity and flat seam speed, and δ characterizes the relation of vertical interval velocity and phase velocity.
7. crack detection method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
In step S400, described velocity analysis is general velocity analysis, sets up conventional speeds field, and completes isotropy hyperbolic and move school;
In step S600, the velocity field behind described dynamic school is through the conventional speeds field that isotropy hyperbolic moves school.
8. the crack detection method as described in claim 1 or 5 or 7, is characterized in that:
In step S500, described indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium treatment is the indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium treatment based on Thiessen polygon.
9. the crack detection method as described in claim 1 or 5 or 7, is characterized in that:
In step S500, described indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium treatment is the indication using prestack seismic amplitude equilibrium treatment based on degree of covering.
10. the crack detection method as described in Claims 1 to 4 any one, is characterized in that:
In step S700 ~ S900, described seismic properties comprises amplitude envelope attribute, oval F (the θ of matching crack attribute is carried out according to amplitude envelope attribute, φ)=A (θ)+B (θ) cos2 φ, obtain amplitude bias factor A, Modulation and Amplitude Modulation factor B and fracture orientation direction parameter φ, wherein, θ is incident angle, and the ratio of amplitude bias factor A and Modulation and Amplitude Modulation factor B represents fracture development density.
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| CN105403916A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-03-16 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Reservoir prediction method and device |
| CN105445814A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-03-30 | 恒泰艾普石油天然气技术服务股份有限公司 | Azimuthal anisotropy difference fracture prediction method for offshore narrow azimuth data |
| CN105676278A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-06-15 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Method and device for processing seismic wave data |
| CN106154320A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2016-11-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The detection method of fracture fluid |
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| CN106154320A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2016-11-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The detection method of fracture fluid |
| CN106154320B (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2018-07-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The detection method of fracture fluid |
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| CN105403916A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-03-16 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Reservoir prediction method and device |
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| CN105676278A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-06-15 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Method and device for processing seismic wave data |
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| CN107728204B (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2019-03-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Based on the anisotropic crack prediction method of prestack longitudinal wave and system |
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| CN110967759B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2021-11-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Orientation non-uniform grouping method and system in prestack crack prediction |
| CN109581485A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-04-05 | 成都捷科思石油天然气技术发展有限公司 | A method of carrying out automatic slit detection directly on pre-stack depth migration seismic data |
| CN109725350B (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2020-09-08 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method, device and system for determining longitudinal wave azimuth anisotropy parameters |
| CN109725350A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-05-07 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | A kind of method, apparatus and system of determining longitudinal wave azimuthal anisotropy parameter |
| CN112649853A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2021-04-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Fracture parameter prediction method and system based on post-stack data |
| CN112649853B (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2023-08-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Crack parameter prediction method and system based on post-stack data |
| CN112684498A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-04-20 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Reservoir fracture prediction method and system based on wide-azimuth seismic data |
| CN111158053A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-15 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Crack prediction method and device |
| CN111399056A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-07-10 | 西南石油大学 | Method for predicting crack strength based on divided azimuth filtering |
| CN111399056B (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-12-08 | 西南石油大学 | Method for predicting crack strength based on divided azimuth filtering |
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