CN103398800A - Quasi-distributed fiber bragg grating temperature stress measuring system for large-size structure body - Google Patents
Quasi-distributed fiber bragg grating temperature stress measuring system for large-size structure body Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a quasi-distributed fiber bragg grating temperature strain measuring system for a large-size structure body. The quasi-distributed fiber bragg grating temperature strain measuring system comprises a shimmer Sm125 fiber bragg grating demodulator, a single mode optical fiber patch cord, an optical switch, a fiber bragg grating sensor, an Ethernet wire and an industrial personal computer. The quasi-distributed fiber bragg grating temperature strain measuring system disclosed by the invention is mainly used for strain monitoring of a large-size complicated structure body and has the advantages of high sensitivity, fast responding speed, wide covering range and strong electromagnetic interference resistance. According to the quasi-distributed fiber bragg grating temperature strain measuring system disclosed by the invention, the properties of wavelength division multiplexing and time division multiplexing of a fiber bragg grating are fully used for forming a large-size network; the temperature resolution ratio is 0.1 DEG C, and the strain resolution ratio is 1 micro strain; and the practicability is stronger.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the optical fiber measurement technical field, be specifically related to a kind of for large structure quasi-distributed fiber grating temperature strain measuring system.
Background technology
Temperature and strain measurement are development fields comparatively active in optical fiber sensing technology.There are shortcomings such as being difficult to install, being difficult to connect up, being difficult to maintenance in traditional resistance strain gage, thermopair, and measurement range is less, and the cable complicated layout, be subject to electromagnetic interference (EMI), and system reliability is lower.Effective method and use quasi-distributed fiber grating, light signal is propagated in optical fiber, intrinsic is not charged, security of system is simple, be not subjected to electromagnetic interference (EMI), with the traditional electrical sensor forms sharp contrast be, sensor of tradition just needs three to four cable settling signals transmission, and Fibre Optical Sensor only needs a single-mode fiber just can carry tens and even up to a hundred sensors.
The sensing process of fiber grating is, by extraneous physical parameter, heat transfer agent is obtained in the modulation of optical fiber Bragg wavelength, is a kind of wavelength-modulated type Fibre Optical Sensor.At present, this sensing technology has been widely used in the fields such as Aero-Space, chemistry medicine, water conservancy and hydropower.
Existing optical fiber grating temperature-measuring degree strain transducer is paid attention to the single-sensor self character, and form catenet, structure is not carried out complete detection.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of for large structure quasi-distributed fiber grating temperature strain measuring system, can effectively detect the position that large and complex structure body each point temperature variation and strain are concentrated.
the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of for large structure quasi-distributed fiber grating temperature strain measuring system, described measuring system comprises: low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, single-mode fiber jumper, photoswitch, Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor, ethernet line and industrial computer, wherein single-mode fiber jumper connects the input channel of four parallel output passages and the photoswitch of low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, in order to transmitting optical signal, each output terminal of photoswitch different Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor of a plurality of centre wavelengths of all connecting, ethernet line connects low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and industrial computer, and electric signal is transferred to industrial computer from low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, finally by industrial computer, calculates demodulation and draws temperature and strain and demonstrate result, carry the laser that the narrow band scanning light source sends in low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and transfer to the input end of photoswitch by single-mode fiber jumper, corresponding four output ports of each input port of photoswitch, laser switches between these four ports, and from certain output port of photoswitch, spread out of the Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor that arrives series connection, each Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor can be reflected back the Guang Bingyuan road of specific wavelength and return to low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and by photodetector, accept to be converted into electric signal, this electric signal transfers to industrial computer by ethernet line again, final industrial computer is completed the demodulation work of calculating, draw and displays temperature and strain information.
Preferably, described low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator four path parallel scanning, the scan laser scope is 1510nm to 1590nm, bandwidth 80nm, demodulation accuracy is 1pm.
Preferably, described photoswitch is 4 * 16 photoswitches, and joint is APC, and insertion loss is less than or equal to 1.0dB, and repeatability is less than or equal to ± 0.05dB.
Preferably, output demodulation scope in the every road of described photoswitch is 1510nm to 1590nm, take 2nm, as unit separation ，Mei road, can carry Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor as 40, and a cover system can carry 640.
Preferably, described Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor, each wavelength variation range 2nm, 200 ℃ of detected temperatures variation ranges, detect strain variation scope 1500 μ ε.
Principle of the present invention is:
in conjunction with Fig. 1, a kind of principle for large structure quasi-distributed fiber grating temperature strain measuring system of the present invention is described, this measuring system comprises: low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 1, single-mode fiber jumper 2, photoswitch 3, Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor 4, ethernet line 5, industrial computer 6, wherein single-mode fiber jumper 2 one has four, connect respectively four passages of low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 1 and four input ports of photoswitch 3, joint is APC, each input interface of photoswitch 3 separates again four road optical channels, switch to and need the passage that uses by programmed control photoswitch 3, photoswitch 3 always has 16 tunnel output channels, a plurality of Bragg optical-fiber grating sensors 4 of each Lu Junyu connect, the electric signal that low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 1 demodulates transfers to industrial computer 6 by ethernet line 5, result and demonstration by industrial computer 6 accounting temperatures and strain, the light source shoot laser of low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 1 transfers to the input end of photoswitch 3 through single-mode fiber jumper, photoswitch 3 selects the work output channel that laser is spread out of by this passage, so laser just can be transferred to Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor 4, specific Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor 4 can reflect the laser of specific wavelength, reflected light is got back to photoswitch 3 through original route and is returned low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 1, accept and be converted into electric signal by the photodetector in low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 1, this electric signal transfers to industrial computer 6 via ethernet line 5, final industrial computer 6 calculates and provides the result of temperature and strain.The specification of described photoswitch 3 is that four passages of 4 * 16, four input end Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulators 1 are connected, and in 16 output terminals, each road can connect the Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor string, and this is to have utilized time-multiplexed characteristic.The centre wavelength of described Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor 4 arranges one every 2nm between 1510nm to 1590nm, the bandwidth interval of 80nm can connect into nearly 40 Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor strings, and this is the characteristic of having utilized wavelength-division multiplex.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with prior art is:
(1), the present invention has adopted 4 * 16 photoswitches, it is 16 passages that the four-way of Sm125 is expanded by time division multiplex, and utilize the centre wavelength of wavelength-division multiplex reasonable distribution Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor, make whole system can carry nearly 640 sensors, and then enable large structure is comprehensively detected, have stronger practicality.
(2), of the present invention simple in structure, use very flexible, the user can a Lu Huoji road any according to different demand arrangement and use photoswitches, and the quantity of sensor also can be chosen arbitrarily meeting between centre wavelength 1510nm to 1590nm and under unduplicated condition.
(3), temperature resolution of the present invention can reach 0.1 ℃, strain resolution can reach 1 μ ε, measuring accuracy is far above the traditional electrical sensor, fast response time, anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram for large structure quasi-distributed fiber grating temperature strain measuring system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is sensor 1 linear fit schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is sensor 2 linear fit schematic diagram.
In figure: 1, low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, 2, single-mode fiber jumper, 3, photoswitch, 4, Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor, 5, ethernet line, 6, industrial computer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, in order to understand better the present invention.What need to point out especially is that in the following description, when perhaps the detailed description that adopts known function and design can desalinate main contents of the present invention, these were described in here and will be left in the basket.
As shown in Figure 1, the distributed fiber Raman temp measuring system of two-way four-way coupling of the present invention comprises: low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 1, single-mode fiber jumper 2, photoswitch 3, Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor 4, ethernet line 5, industrial computer 6; Wherein, four 2 one of single-mode fiber jumpers connect four passages of low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 1, and other end connects four input ends of photoswitch 3; 16 output terminals of photoswitch 3 connect the fiber grating string that is comprised of a plurality of Bragg optical-fiber grating sensors 4; Low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 1 is connected to industrial computer 6 by ethernet line 5.
the laser that low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 1 automatic light source sends reaches the input end of photoswitch 3 through optical patchcord 2, artificial one or more output channel of photoswitch 3 gatings of specifying, laser transfers to Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor 4 through photoswitch 3, the former road of the laser back light switch 3 that these sensors can reflect specific wavelength arrives low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 1 again, accept and be converted into electric signal by detection circuit in low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 1, transfer to industrial computer 6 by ethernet line 5, process and demonstrate temperature and strain information by industrial computer 6 afterwards.
In ordinary optic fibre, allow fiber core refractive index change and just to have formed the simplest uniform fiber grating of structure with the cycle, the bragg grating in the present invention (FBG) namely, scattering will occur at each grating face place for the light of propagating in fiber core in its sensing principle, if can not meet Bragg condition, the light phase of the grating planar reflection that is arranged in order will dissimilate and to the last cancel out each other gradually; If can meet Bragg condition, the light that each grating planar reflects is progressively cumulative, can oppositely form a reflection peak finally, and centre wavelength is determined by optical fiber parameter.Be that FBG essence is a kind of narrow band filter, it is incited somebody to action the very interior light of narrow-band and reflects back (reflectivity can reach more than 90%), and the light of all the other frequency bands is gone out with regard to transmission.
In periodic Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (FBG), the bragg wavelength that is reflected can be showed by refractive index and cycle:
λ
B=n
effΛ (1)
(1) λ in formula
BFor FBG foveal reflex wavelength, n
effFor FBG grid region effective refractive index, Λ is the pitch of FBG.
When a branch of broadband light enters to inject Bragg grating, the narrow band spectrum that only meets above-mentioned grating condition of resonance will be reflected back.When fiber grating is subject to external influence (temperature, stress etc.), effective refractive index n
effAll can be affected and change with grating pitch Λ, thereby make bragg wavelengths
BBe offset., if detect the variation of this side-play amount, affect the external influence of its variation information just can know, the ultimate principle of FBG sensing that Here it is.
When changing, temperature causes centre wavelength when drift specifically:
T=1000Δλ/K
t (2)
(2) in formula, T is temperature, wavelength shift centered by Δ λ, K
tTemperature coefficient for fiber grating.
When strain variation causes the centre wavelength drift:
E=1000Δλ/K
ε (3)
(3) in formula, ε is strain, wavelength shift centered by Δ λ, K
εThe coefficient of strain for fiber grating.
When in general the variable quantity of FBG centre wavelength was little, 1 ℃ of bragg grating wavelength variable quantity that causes of temperature variation was about 10pm.Simultaneously, and the wavelength variable quantity that strain variation 1 μ ε causes is about 1.2pm.Due to the optical fiber difference of using different technique to write or adopt grating and the difference of annealing process, the different fiber grating just has different temperature control coefficients, especially through the fiber grating after encapsulation, encapsulating material also can be on degree, the temperature sensing characteristic of fiber grating being carried out image greatly, so different FBG must could measure in practice after specific demarcation.
Take the sensor demarcated below as example.The temperature control scope is by 20 ℃ to 60 ℃, and temperature-controlled precision is 0.1 ℃, adopts one every 5 ℃ and takes turns data, temperature of every arrival and constant after, we gather approximately 2 minute datas with the sampling rate of 2Hz at this temperature, about 240 groups of data, and every group of data comprise centre wavelength, power.What we were concerned about is the information of centre wavelength, gets the value of the mean value of these 240 centre wavelengths as this scale of thermometer fixed point.Obtained the nominal data of table 1:
Two kinds of calibration of sensor data of table 1
Respectively sensor 1 and sensor 2 linear fits are obtained Fig. 2 and Fig. 3:
Can find out from fit equation, the temperature-sensitivity coefficient of sensor 1 is 24pm/ ℃, and the temperature-sensitivity coefficient of sensor 2 is 28pm/ ℃.The linearity is all better in this temperature range scope.
The not detailed disclosed part of the present invention belongs to the known technology of this area.
Although the above is described the illustrative embodiment of the present invention; so that the technician of present technique neck understands the present invention; but should be clear; the invention is not restricted to the scope of embodiment; to those skilled in the art; as long as various variations appended claim limit and the spirit and scope of the present invention determined in, these variations are apparent, all utilize innovation and creation that the present invention conceives all at the row of protection.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is used for large structure quasi-distributed fiber grating temperature strain measuring system, and it is characterized in that: described measuring system comprises: low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator (1), single-mode fiber jumper (2), photoswitch (3), Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor (4), ethernet line (5) and industrial computer (6); Wherein,
Single-mode fiber jumper (2) connects the input channel of four parallel output passages and the photoswitch (3) of low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator (1), in order to transmitting optical signal;
Each output terminal of photoswitch (3) different Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor of a plurality of centre wavelengths (4) of all connecting;
Ethernet line (5) connects low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator (1) and industrial computer (6), electric signal is transferred to industrial computer (6) from low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator (1), finally by industrial computer (6), calculate demodulation and draw temperature and strain and demonstrate result;
carry the laser that the narrow band scanning light source sends in low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator (1) and transfer to the input end of photoswitch (3) by single-mode fiber jumper (2), corresponding four output ports of each input port of photoswitch (3), laser switches between these four ports, and from certain output port of photoswitch (3), spread out of the Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor (4) that arrives series connection, each Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor (4) can be reflected back the Guang Bingyuan road of specific wavelength and return to low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator (1) and by photodetector, accept to be converted into electric signal, this electric signal transfers to industrial computer (6) by ethernet line (5) again, final industrial computer (6) is completed the demodulation work of calculating, draw and displays temperature and strain information.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of for large structure quasi-distributed fiber grating temperature strain measuring system, it is characterized in that: the scanning of described low-light Sm125 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator (1) four path parallel, the scan laser scope is 1510nm to 1590nm, bandwidth 80nm, demodulation accuracy is 1pm.
3. according to claim 1 a kind of for large structure quasi-distributed fiber grating temperature strain measuring system, it is characterized in that: described photoswitch (3) is 4 * 16 photoswitches, joint is APC, and insertion loss is less than or equal to 1.0dB, and repeatability is less than or equal to ± 0.05dB.
4. according to claim 1 a kind of for large structure quasi-distributed fiber grating temperature strain measuring system, it is characterized in that: output demodulation scope in the every road of described photoswitch (3) is 1510nm to 1590nm, take 2nm as unit separation, it is 40 that Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor (4) can be carried in every road, and a cover system can carry 640.
5. according to claim 1 a kind of for large structure quasi-distributed fiber grating temperature strain measuring system, it is characterized in that: described Bragg optical-fiber grating sensor (4), each wavelength variation range 2nm, 200 ℃ of detected temperatures variation ranges, detect strain variation scope 1500 μ ε.
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| CN103954307A (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-07-30 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Optical fiber laser sensor time division and wavelength division combined multiplexing method |
| CN104089652A (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-10-08 | 国家电网公司 | On-line monitoring system and method of fiber grating transformer |
| CN104215357A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-12-17 | 武汉轻工大学 | Aquatic product cold chain temperature measurement system and method based on optical fiber sensor |
| CN105180978A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-12-23 | 马平 | Optical sensor based on narrow-band light source and filtering characteristic adjustable element and method thereof |
| CN106871810A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-06-20 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Calibration method, device and system of fiber grating strain sensor |
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| CN108801216A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-11-13 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of fiber bragg grating inclinator |
| CN109060546A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-21 | 西安交通大学 | It is a kind of using optical-fibre needle to the strain gauge means and method of the disc insulator water pressure test |
| CN110686798A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-01-14 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计及测试技术研究所 | Device and method for testing surface temperature uniformity of bottom plate of wind tunnel test section |
| CN110887774A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-03-17 | 武汉理工大学 | Sponge city permeable pavement water level monitoring system based on fiber bragg grating |
| CN111854621A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-10-30 | 北京航空航天大学 | Fiber bragg grating sensor data fitting method and device for airborne distributed POS |
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| CN103954307A (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-07-30 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Optical fiber laser sensor time division and wavelength division combined multiplexing method |
| CN104215357A (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2014-12-17 | 武汉轻工大学 | Aquatic product cold chain temperature measurement system and method based on optical fiber sensor |
| CN104089652A (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-10-08 | 国家电网公司 | On-line monitoring system and method of fiber grating transformer |
| CN105180978B (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2018-09-18 | 马平 | Optical sensor based on narrow-band light source and filtering characteristic adjustable element and its method |
| CN105180978A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-12-23 | 马平 | Optical sensor based on narrow-band light source and filtering characteristic adjustable element and method thereof |
| CN106871810A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-06-20 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Calibration method, device and system of fiber grating strain sensor |
| CN108469277A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-08-31 | 中国民航大学 | A kind of smart tags line apparatus based on airport security operational monitoring |
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| CN109060546A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-21 | 西安交通大学 | It is a kind of using optical-fibre needle to the strain gauge means and method of the disc insulator water pressure test |
| CN110887774A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-03-17 | 武汉理工大学 | Sponge city permeable pavement water level monitoring system based on fiber bragg grating |
| CN110887774B (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2023-02-03 | 武汉理工大学 | Sponge city permeable pavement water level monitoring system based on fiber bragg grating |
| CN110686798A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-01-14 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计及测试技术研究所 | Device and method for testing surface temperature uniformity of bottom plate of wind tunnel test section |
| CN111854621A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-10-30 | 北京航空航天大学 | Fiber bragg grating sensor data fitting method and device for airborne distributed POS |
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