CN103387601A - 抗登革热病毒(denv)杂环肽类化合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
抗登革热病毒(denv)杂环肽类化合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103387601A CN103387601A CN2012101441727A CN201210144172A CN103387601A CN 103387601 A CN103387601 A CN 103387601A CN 2012101441727 A CN2012101441727 A CN 2012101441727A CN 201210144172 A CN201210144172 A CN 201210144172A CN 103387601 A CN103387601 A CN 103387601A
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- alkyl
- compound
- dengue virus
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- pharmaceutically acceptable
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Abstract
一种杂环肽类登革热病毒(DENV)丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,其结构通式为化合物(A)所示,结构中的各变量在说明书中定义,此类化合物有效地阻断登革热病毒的复制。本发明涉及含有式(A)结构的化合物、其各种光学异构体、药物活性的代谢物、可药用盐、溶剂化物以及前药在制备治疗登革热病毒感染疾病抗病毒药物的发现和应用。本发明还涉及制备式(A)结构化合物的中间体和合成方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明是关于治疗登革热病毒(DENV)感染的式(A)化合物、药物组合物,以及这类化合物的合成方法、制剂方法和用于这些合成中的化合物。具体地,本发明提供一类杂环肽类化合物,含有这类化合物的药物组合物及这类化合物治疗登革热病毒感染的方法。
发明背景
登革热(dengue fever)是由登革热病毒(dengue virus,DENV)引起、伊蚊作为传播媒介的一种传染病,主要分布在热带和亚热带地区。其特点为急性起病,发热,全身肌肉、骨、关节痛,极度疲乏,皮疹,淋巴结肿大及血液白细胞、血小板减少。临床上最常见的是类似感冒的急性高热,少数病例会发展为突发性出血-登革出血热(dengue haemorrhagic fever),最严重的发展为以循环衰竭为特征的登革休克综合症(dengue shock syndrome)。
近年来,由于全球环境的恶化和气候变暖,登革热发病率在全球大幅度上升,占世界五分之二的人口面临罹患登革热危险。2008年,NIH将登革热列为严重危害公共健康的危险性疾病。世卫组织估计全球每年有超过5000万的感染病例,其中50万人发展为严重的登革出血热和登革休克综合症。我国登革热疫情主要流行于东南沿海地区,因其症状严重、死亡率高,按照《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》的规定将其列为乙类传染病。随着登革热的发病机制的不断深入研究,针对登革热病毒的疫苗,小分子药物以及抗体的研究开发不断地见诸于报道,但临床上尚未研制有效的疫苗可以预防登革热,也没有特效的药物治疗登革热。因此,需要发展可用来治疗登革热病毒感染的有效药物。
登革热病毒的直径约为40-60nm,是具有包膜的单股正链RNA病毒,在病毒学上与日本脑炎病毒、黄热病毒、西尼罗病毒等都属于黄病毒科黄病毒属。已知的登革热病毒依抗原性不同分为4个血清型,其中2型最为广泛。登革热病毒具有一个开放读码框,编码长为3000-3500个氨基酸残基的多聚前体蛋白,进一步酶解成为具有不同功能的蛋白,包括三个结构蛋白(核蛋白C,膜结合蛋白preM和包膜蛋白E)和七种非结构蛋白(NS1,NS2a,NS2b,NS3,NS4a,NS4b和NS5)。登革热病毒NS3蛋白酶结构区域(NS3protease domain,NS3pro)位于NS3蛋白的N端1/3区,属于丝氨酸蛋白酶家族,由180个氨基酸组成。丝氨酸蛋白酶(serineprotease)与其辅助因子NS2B形成异源二聚体复合物发挥蛋白酶活性,可以切割NS2A/NS2B,NS2B/NS3,NS3/NS4A,NS4B/NS5连接位点及核蛋白C,NS2A,NS3,NS4A分子内的切割位点。切割点的P2-P1位残基通常为Lys-Arg,Arg-Arg,Arg-Lys,少数情况下为Gln-Arg。丝氨酸蛋白酶在病毒多聚蛋白转录及水解过程中扮演了一个重要的角色,干扰其蛋白酶活性,将破坏登革热病毒的生长、繁殖。
发展抗病毒药物的一般策略是钝化(inactive)主要用于病毒复制的病毒编码的酶。因而,登革热病毒丝氨酸蛋白酶为针对性开发具有高效、低毒的抗登革热小分子靶向药物提供了机会;以丝氨酸蛋白酶为靶点,设计和开发小分子酶抑制剂,引起了广泛的关注。
登革热病毒NS2B-NS3pro复合物的晶体结构(PDB:2FOM)于2006年被报道,成功地完成第一个活性登革热蛋白酶的单晶衍射结构图的测定工作,并且解析了四肽醛抑制剂和西尼罗病毒丝氨酸蛋白酶复合物的晶体结构;2011年底报道了四肽醛抑制剂Bz-nKRR-H和登革热病毒丝氨酸蛋白酶复合物的晶体结构(PDB:3U1I)。NS3pro具有丝氨酸蛋白酶常见的催化活性区域,这一催化部位由His51,Asp75和Ser135构成。His51在丝氨酸蛋白酶水解底物时起碱性催化作用,可以吸引Ser135γ羟基上的氢原子,促使Ser135成为一个很强的亲核试剂,进攻底物肽键的羰基碳原子,成为四面体形式的过渡态;同时Asp75羧基上的氧原子与His51咪唑环上的氢原子形成氢键,有助于过渡态的稳定。丝氨酸蛋白酶活性依赖于NS2B,NS2B激活的丝氨酸蛋白酶活性比单独的蛋白酶切活性提高数千倍。因此可被特异性识别的选择性小分子抑制丝氨酸蛋白酶的作用是治疗登革热病毒感染的有效手段,丝氨酸蛋白酶成为治疗登革热病毒引起的疾病的重要药物靶点。
本发明基于登革热病毒丝氨酸蛋白酶的晶体结构特征,通过结合活性区域的催化位点,设计一系列杂环肽衍生物类丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂。
本发明的一个优点是其提供的杂环肽抑制剂,可有效地抑制登革热病毒丝氨酸蛋白酶。
本发明的第二个优点是其提供的杂环肽抑制剂,可有效地抑制西尼罗病毒丝氨酸蛋白酶。
本发明的第三个优点是可以用于制备治疗丝氨酸蛋白酶诱发疾病药物,如流行性乙型脑炎、丙肝等。
通过生物活性实验发现化合物XI,XVII,XXIX对登革热病毒丝氨酸蛋白酶显示了非常好的抑制活性,在活体内具有良好的药物动力学性质。
本发明的目标是发现一类抗登革热病毒特别有效的小分子化合物,并提供用于所说蛋白酶抑制剂化合物合成的中间体和这些合成的合成方法。
发明内容
本发明针对登革热丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的现有技术的不足,提供一种含式(A)类登革热丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,本发明另一个目的是要提供所描述蛋白酶抑制剂化合物中间体的合成和用于这些合成的合成方法。
本发明涉及式(A)的新型环肽类化合物和/或药学上可接受的盐和/或水合物。这些化合物作为其药学上可接受的盐和/或水合物,或者作为药物组合物成分(无论其是否与其他治疗登革热的抗病毒剂,抗感染药,免疫调节剂或抗生素)而用于抑制登革热病毒的丝氨酸蛋白酶,或者预防/治疗一项或多项登革热病毒感染症状。
本发明设计合成了一类具有全新结构母核的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂。体外实验表明其无细胞毒性且具有显著的体外抑酶活性,有望成为一类抗登革热病毒的候选药物。
更具体的说,本发明涉及式(A)化合物和/或药学上可接受的盐和/或水合物制备治疗登革热病毒感染疾病药物的应用:
其中,
R1和R2可以独立地取自于以下烷基,环烷基,杂烷基,杂环烷基,杂环基,链烯基,环烯基,杂烯基,杂环烯基,链炔基,环炔基,杂炔基,环杂炔基,芳基,芳烷基,杂芳基,杂芳烷基。以上所述芳基是苯基或萘基,杂芳基是通过环碳原子或氮原子连接的具有1,2或3个选自N,O,S的杂原子的五元或六元芳环,且杂环基是通过环碳原子或氮原子连接的具有1,2,3或4个选自N,O,S的杂原子的饱和或不饱和的非芳香性环,其中芳基,杂芳基,杂环基,环烷基,烷基,环烷氧基,烷氧基任选可被1到4个取代基所取代,所述1到4个取代基选自卤素,-OH,-NR7R8,-SH,-NO2,-CN,胍基,卤C1-8烷基,C1-8烷氧基,C1-6烷基羰基,C1-6烷硫基,C1-8烷氧羰基,三氟甲基。以上所述环烷基,环烷氧基,芳基,杂芳基或杂环基上的两个相邻取代基任选地一起形成0-3个含有O,N,S的杂原子的3-6元环。R7和R8独立地选自氢,烷基,杂烷基,环烷基,链烯基,环烯基,杂烯基,杂环烯基,链炔基,杂炔基,芳基,芳烷基,杂芳基,杂芳烷基。
R3表示醛基,羧基,三氟甲基酮基团,α-酮酰胺基团,硼酸基团,噻唑基团;
M表示5到10个饱和或不饱和的亚烷基链,可视需要含有0至3个杂原子,分别选自O,S,NR5;该亚烷基链可含有一个芳环或环己烷,其中芳环是苯基或萘基;其中M的两个相邻碳原子上的两个取代基任选得一起形成含有0-3个O,N,S的杂原子的3-6元环。R5表示氢,C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基或-C(O)-R6,其中R6表示,C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C3-8环烷基或芳基。
R4表示氢或在该链M上任一个碳原子被1到4个取代基所取代,所述1到4个取代基选自卤素,-OH,-NH2,-SH,-NO2,-CN,卤C1-8烷基,C1-8烷氧基,C1-6烷基羰基,C1-6烷硫基,C1-8烷氧羰基,C1-8氮烷基,C1-8硫烷基,杂烷基,杂环烷基,杂环基,链烯基,环烯基,杂烯基,杂环烯基,链炔基,环炔基,杂炔基,环杂炔基,芳基,芳烷基,杂芳基,杂芳烷基。
本发明范围内包括的药物组合物,包含抗登革热病毒有效量的式(A)化合物或其治疗上可接受的盐,与在药学上可接受的药物载体或助剂。
本发明的一个重要方面,涉及在哺乳动物中,通过对该哺乳动物给予有效抗登革热病毒的含量的式(A)化合物,或其在治疗上可接受的盐或酯,或上述组合物,以治疗登革热病毒感染的方法。
本发明的另一个重要方面,涉及通过使病毒暴露在抑制登革热病毒的丝氨酸蛋白酶的含量的式A,或其在治疗上可接受的盐或酯,如上述的组合物之下,以抑制登革热病毒复制的方法。
其他的方面涉及的药物组合物,可另外包括其他抗DENV制剂,还可包括登革热病毒的其他靶标的抑制剂,如解旋酶,NTP酶,RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶。
优选方案的详细说明
定义:
如本文所述,除非另行提及,均适用下列的定义:
关于实例,(R)或(S)用于指明不对称中心的绝对构型,这指明是用于整个化合物的说明而不是单独取代基的说明。
在本文中使用“P1,P2,P3”标识时,意指从肽类似物的C-端开始,并朝向N-端延伸的氨基酸的残基的位置,即P1代表从C端开始的第一个位置,P2为从C端开始的第二个位置(参见Berger A.&Schechter I.,Transactions of the RoyalSociety London series B257,249-264(1970))。
本文所用的“卤素”一词是指卤素取代基,即选自碘,溴,氯或氟。
本文所用的“C1-6烷基”一词,单独使用或与另一取代基组合使用时,是指非环形的直链或支链烷基取代基,它包含1到6个碳原子,包括例如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、己基、1-甲基乙基,1,1-二甲基乙基,1-甲基丙基及2-甲基丙基。
本文所用的“C1-8烷氧基”一词,不论单独使用或与另一取代基组合使用时,是指非环形的直链或支链烷氧基取代基,它包含1到8个碳原子,包括例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、己氧基、1-甲基乙氧基,2,2-二甲基丁氧基,1-甲基己氧基及庚氧基。
本文所用的“C1-8卤烷基”一词,单独使用或与另一取代基组合使用时,是指非环形的、直链或支链烷基取代基,它包含1到8个碳原子,具有一个或多个选自氟,氯,溴或碘取代的氢。
本文所用的“C1-6硫基”一词,单独使用或与另一取代基组合使用时,是指非环形的、直链或支链烷基取代基,含有硫醇基团,例如硫丙基。
本文所用的“C3-8环烷基”一词,不管单独使用或与另一取代基组合使用时,是指非环形的直链或支链烷基取代基,它包含3到8个碳原子,包括例如环丙基,环丁基,环戊基,环己基,环庚基及环辛基。
本文所用的“不饱和非芳香环”一词,意指不饱和的环烷基,例如取代基环己烯基
本文所用的“C3-8环烷氧基”一词,不论单独使用或与另一取代基组合使用时,意指取代基包含3到8个碳原子的-O-C3-8环烷基,包括例如-O-环丙基,-O-环丁基,-O-环戊基等。
本文所用的“C1-6烷基羰基”一词,单独使用或与另一取代基组合使用时,是指通过羰基连接的C1-6烷基,即-C(O)-C1-6烷基。
本文所用的“芳基”一词,意指含有6个碳原子的芳香族单环系统,或含有10个原子的芳香族双环系统,例如苯基和萘基-环系统。
本文所用的“杂芳基”一词,单独使用或与另一取代基组合使用时,意指通过环碳原子或氮原子连接的具有1,2或3个选自N,O,S的杂原子的五元,六元或七元不饱和的杂环,移除氢而衍生的单价取代基。适当的杂环实例如:噻吩,呋喃,吡咯,咪唑,吡唑,噻唑,噁唑,异噁唑,1,2,3-三唑,1,2-噻二唑,吡啶,吡嗪,嘧啶,1,2,4-三嗪,苯并噁唑,苯并噻唑,喹啉。
本文所用的“低碳烷基,低碳烯基,低碳炔基”一词,单独使用或与另一取代基组合使用时,是指包含1到6个碳原子的非环形的、直链或支链烷基,烯基或炔基取代基。
本文所用的“药学可接受的酯”一词,单独使用或与另一取代基组合使用时,意指化合物式(A)的酯,其中该分子的任何羧基官能基,优选的是羧基终端,被烷氧羰基官能团置换:
其中R,R’部分是选自烷基(如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、己基);烷氧烷基(如甲氧乙基);烷氧酰基(如乙酰氧基甲基);芳烷基(如苄基);芳氧烷基(如苯氧乙基);芳基(如苯基)。可视需要被卤素,C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基取代。其他适当的前药酯,将其列入本文中以作参考。这类在药学上可接受的酯,通常在哺乳动物体内,被水解转化为化合物式(A)的酸形式。
关于上述的酯类,除非另行指定,任何存在的烷基部分均有利地含有1到6个碳原子,特别是1至6个碳原子。任何存在于该酯类中的芳基部分,均有利地包括苯基基团。
本文中“药物上可接受的盐”一词是指式A化合物的盐,其在正常医学治疗中,适用于人及动物的组织接触而无毒性,无刺激性,无过敏反应等。一般是水溶性或油溶性,或是易分散的,并在其使用上是有效的。此词包括药物上可接受的酸加成盐和药物上可接受的碱加成盐。
“药物上可接受的酸加成盐”一词是指保持生物活性及游离态碱的性质,并且是非生物上或其他方面不需要的,其与无机盐如硫酸,硝酸,磷酸,盐酸,氢溴酸,氨基磺酸等,及有机酸如醋酸,三氟醋酸,三氯醋酸,肉桂酸,柠檬酸,马来酸,己二酸,藻酸,抗坏血酸,天冬氨酸,苯甲酸,苯磺酸,乙醇酸,苹果酸,乳酸,丙二酸,草酸,烟酸,丁二酸,水杨酸,硬脂酸,酒石酸,对氨基苯磺酸,三甲基苯磺酸,对甲基苯磺酸,扁桃酸,果胶酯酸,苦味酸,丙酸等所形成的盐。
“药物上可接受的碱加成盐”一词是指保持生物活性及游离态酸的性质,并且是非生物上或其他方面不需要的,其是与无机碱如氨或铵或金属阳离子如,钠,镁,铜,锌,钙,钾,铝等的氢氧化物或碳酸盐所形成的盐,特别优选的是铵,钾,钠,钙,镁盐。由药物上可接受的有机的非毒性的碱衍生的盐包括伯胺,仲胺及叔胺,季铵化合物,经取代的胺,包括天然的经取代的胺,环胺以及碱离子交换树脂,如甲基胺,二甲基胺,三甲基胺,乙基胺,二乙基胺,三乙基胺,三丙基胺,异丙基胺,三丁基胺,乙醇胺,二乙醇胺,二环己基胺,赖氨酸,精氨酸,组氨酸,咖啡因,胆碱,甜菜碱,亚乙基二胺,葡糖胺,甲基葡糖胺,可可碱,哌嗪,哌啶,嘌呤,四甲基铵化合物,四乙基铵化合物,吡啶,N,N二甲基苯胺,N-甲基哌啶,N-甲基吗啉,N,N-二苄基苯乙胺等所形成的盐。特别优选的有机非毒碱是异丙基胺,二乙基胺,乙醇胺,三甲基胺,二环己基胺,胆碱,咖啡因。
优选的方案
R1:本发明的优选方案包括式(A)化合物,其中R1优选C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基;最佳的是当R1为C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基时,碳链末端优选氨基或胍基取代。
R2:本发明的优选方案包括式(A)化合物,其中R2优选C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基;最佳的是当R2为C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基时,碳链末端优选氨基或胍基取代。
R3:本发明的优选方案包括式(A)化合物,其中R3优选醛基,α-酮酰胺,三氟甲基酮基团。
M:本发明的优选方案包括式(A)化合物,其中M优选可含有1至3个杂原子的5到10个饱和或不饱和的亚烷基链。
本发明的杂环肽类化合物可以游离形式或以盐形式存在。本领域技术人员已知许多化合物类型的药学上可接受的盐及其制备方法。药学上可接受的盐包括常规的无毒性的盐,包括这样的化合物碱与无机或有机酸形成的季铵盐。
本发明的化合物可形成水合物或溶剂合物。本领域熟练人员已知将化合物与水一起冻干时所形成的水合物或在溶液中与合适的有机溶剂浓缩时形成溶剂合物的方法。
本发明包含含有治疗量本发明化合物的药物,和一种或多种药学上可接受载体和/或赋形剂的药物组合物。载体包括如盐水,缓冲盐水,葡萄糖,水,甘油,乙醇和它们的结合物。载体或赋形剂还可以包括本领域已知的时间延迟材料,如单硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯,还可包括蜡,乙基纤维素,羟丙基甲基纤维素,异丁烯酸甲酯等等。如果需要,该组合物还可以包含较小量的润湿剂或乳化剂,或pH缓冲剂。该组合物可以是液体,悬浮液,乳剂,片剂,丸剂,胶囊,持续释放制剂或粉末。该组合物可以用传统的黏合剂和载体如三酸甘油酯配制成栓剂。口服制剂可以包括标准载体如药物品级的甘露糖醇,乳糖,淀粉,硬脂酸镁,糖精钠,纤维素和碳酸镁等等。视需要制剂而定,配制可以设计混合,制粒和压缩或溶解成分。在另一个途径中,该组合物可以配制成纳米颗粒。
本发明的药物组合物可以以各式各样的药物形式给药。使用的药物载体可以为固体或者液体。
如果使用固体载体,制剂可以为片剂,被放入硬胶囊中的粉末或小药丸形式或锭剂或糖锭形式。固体载体的量在很大程度上变化,但是优选从约25mg到约1.0g。典型的固体载体包括乳糖,石膏粉,蔗糖,滑石,凝胶,琼脂,果胶,阿拉伯胶,硬脂酸镁,硬脂酸等等。固体载体可以包括一种或多种可能同时作为增香剂,润滑剂,增溶剂,悬浮剂,填料,助流剂,压缩助剂,粘合剂或片剂-崩解剂的物质;它还可以是包封材料。在粉末中,载体为精细粉碎的固体,它与精细粉碎的活性成分的混合。在片剂中活性成分与具有必要的压缩性质的载体以合适的比例混合,以需要的形状和大小压缩。粉末和片剂优选包含至多99%活性成分。
如果使用液体载体,制剂可以为糖浆,乳剂,软胶囊,在安瓿或小瓶或非水的液体悬浮液中的无菌注射溶液或悬浮液。典型的液体载体包括糖浆,花生油,橄榄油,水,等等。液体载体用于制备溶液,悬浮液,乳剂,糖浆,酊剂和密封的组合物。活性成分可以溶解或悬浮于药学上可接受的液体载体如水,有机溶剂,二者的混合物或药学上可接受的油类或脂肪。液体载体可以包含其他合适的药物添加剂如增溶剂,乳化剂,缓冲剂,防腐剂,增甜剂,增香剂,悬浮剂,增稠剂,颜料,粘度调节剂,稳定形或渗透压-调节剂。用于口服和肠胃外给药的液体载体的合适的例子包括水(部分地包含如同上述的添加剂,例如纤维素衍生物,优选羧甲基纤维素钠盐溶液),醇(包括一元醇和多元醇,例如乙二醇)和它们的衍生物,和油类(例如分馏椰子油和花生油)。用于肠胃外给药的载体还可以为油脂如油酸乙酯和异丙基肉豆蔻酸盐。无菌的液体载体用于肠胃外给药的无菌的液态组合物。用于加压组合物的液体载体可以为卤代烃或其他药学上可接受的推进剂。无菌溶液或悬浮溶液液体药物组合物可以用来,例如,静脉内,肌内,腹膜内或皮下注射。可根据本领域的已知技术,使用适当的分散剂或湿润剂(如吐温80)和悬浮剂来调配该悬浮液。注射时可单次推入或逐渐注入30分钟的经脉内灌注。该化合物还可以以液体或者固体组合物的形式口服给药。本文中所用的肠胃外一词,包括皮下、皮内、肌肉内、静脉内、关节内、滑膜内、胸骨内、鞘内和病灶内注射或输液技术。
为了获得稳定的水溶性的剂型,可以将化合物或其药学上可接受的盐溶于有机或无机酸的水溶液,0.3M琥珀酸或柠檬酸溶液。选择性地,酸性的衍生物可以溶于合适的碱性溶液。如果得不到可溶形式,可将化合物溶于合适的共溶剂或它们的结合。这样的合适的共溶剂的例子包括,但是不局限于,浓度范围从0-60%总体积的乙醇,丙二醇,聚乙二醇300,聚山梨酸酯80,甘油,聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯,脂肪醇或甘油羟脂肪酸酯等等。
本发明的药物组合物可口服、非经肠胃或通过植入的储存器给药,口服给药或通过注射给药时优选的。各种释放系统是已知的并且可以用于化合物或其他各种制剂的给药,这些制剂包括片剂,胶囊,可注射的溶液,脂质体中的胶囊,微粒,微胶囊,等等。引入的方法包括但是不局限于皮肤的,皮内,肌内,腹膜内的,静脉内的,皮下的,鼻腔内的,肺的,硬膜外的,眼睛的和(通常优选的)口服途径。化合物可以通过任何方便的或者其它适当的途径给药,例如通过注入或快速浓注,通过上皮的或粘膜线路(例如,口腔粘膜,直肠和肠粘膜,等等)吸收或通过负载药物的支架以及可以于其他生物活性剂一起给药。可以全身或局部给药。用于鼻,支气管或肺疾病的治疗或预防时,优选的给药途径为口服,鼻给药或支气管烟雾剂或喷雾器。
可供上文提及的调配物和组合物使用的其他适当的赋形剂或载体,可在标准药理学教科书中找到,例如在“Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences”,第19版中。为了预防和治疗登革热病毒引起的登革热,在单一治疗中,在本文中所描述的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂化合物,在约0.01到约100mg/kg体重每天之间的剂量范围是有用的,优选的是0.5到75mg/kg体重每天之间。通常,本发明的药物组合物将每天给药约1到5次,或另外一连续的输液。这类药物可用作慢性或急性的治疗。可与载体物质混合,产生单一剂量形式的活性成分的含量,可根据待处理的宿主和给药的特定模式而改变。代表性的制剂将含有约5%到约95%活性成分(重量/重量)。优选的是,这类制剂含有约20%到约80%的活性化合物。
熟悉本领域这将理解可能需要比上文提及的更高或更低的剂量。对特定患者的特定剂量和处理方式应该按照各种因素而定,包括所使用的特定化合物的活性,患者的年龄、体重、性别、一般的健康状态、饮食、给药的时间、代谢率、药物的组合,以及感染的严重性和过程、患者对感染的倾向,还有处理医师的判断。一般而言,以实质上低于该化合物的最佳剂量的小剂量开始治疗。随后通过少量的增加而增加剂量,直到在该情况下达到最佳的效果为止。一般而言,要求以通常足以产生有效的抗病毒结果,但不引起任何有害或不利的副作用的浓度含量来投予该化合物。
当本发明的组合物包括式(A)化合物与一种或多种另外的治疗或预防剂组合时,该化合物与另外的制剂的存在量应该以约10到100%之间的剂量含量提供,更优选的是约10至80%的剂量,通常以单次治疗法给予。
当这些化合物或其在药学上可接受的盐类与在药学上可接受的载体一起调配时,将所得的组合物在活体内给予哺乳动物,如人类,以便抑制登革热病毒丝氨酸蛋白酶,或治疗或预防登革热病毒感染。也可使用本发明化合物与下列制剂混合,来完成这类治疗,包括但不局限于:免疫调节剂,如α,β,δ-干扰素;其他的抗病毒制剂,如病毒唑,金刚烷胺;其他的登革热病毒丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂;对在登革热病毒生活循环中其他靶标的抑制剂,如RNA聚合酶,解旋酶;或其组合物。可将另外的制剂与本发明化合物混合,以产生单一的剂量形式。另外,也可将这类另外的制剂可分别投予哺乳动物,成为多个剂量形式的一部分。因此,本发明其他的具体方案提供一种在哺乳动物中,通过给予式(A)化合物,其中取代基如同上文定义,来抑制登革热病毒丝氨酸蛋白酶活性的方法。
在优选的具体方案中,这些方法在哺乳动物中有用于降低登革热丝氨酸蛋白酶活性。如果药物组合物仅包括作为活性成分的本发明化合物,这类方法可另外包括对该哺乳动物给予选自免疫调节剂,抗病毒剂,其他登革热病毒丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,或对在登革热病毒生命循环中的其他靶标,如RNA聚合酶抑制剂和解旋酶抑制剂的步骤。可在给予本发明组合物之前、同时或之后,将这类另外的制剂给予哺乳动物。
工艺流程
本发明式(A)化合物可以用本发明方法有效地制备,包括采用下述一般合成方法。这些合成方法中的R1,R2,M,R4定义如上。
工艺流程I
中间体7经流程I的路线合成得到,在该流程中,以N′-芴甲氧羰基-N-苄氧羰基-L-赖氨酸(Fmoc-Lys(Cbz)-OH)为原料,首先用N,O-二甲基羟胺对羧基保护,形成Weinreb酰胺,随后脱掉N端保护基芴甲氧羰基(Fmoc),游离出氨基;然后和N-芴甲氧羰酰基-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰-L-精氨酸反应形成二肽,利用和前面相同的方法脱掉N端保护基芴甲氧羰基,得到一个具有游离氨基的二肽;接下来利用二肽和N-α-芴甲氧羰基-N-ε-叔丁氧羰基-L-赖氨酸缩合形成具有保护基团的三肽,最后脱掉保护基团芴甲氧羰基,得到一个具有游离氨基的三肽关键中间体。
步骤a(2S)-2-芴甲氧酰胺基-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(2)的制备称取原料N′-芴甲氧羰基-N-苄氧羰基-L-赖氨酸Fmoc-Lys(Cbz)-OH(4.00g,7.97mmol,1.0eq),用二氯甲烷(50mL)溶于250mL的圆底烧瓶中,冰浴搅拌十分钟,然后继续依次加入EDC·HCl(2.28g,11.94mmol,1.5eq),HOBt(1.61g,11.94mmol,1.5eq),HN(OCH3)CH3·HCl(1.55g,15.92mmol,2.0eq),搅拌十分钟后,缓慢滴加三乙胺Et3N(3.61g,31.84mmol,4.0eq),冰浴条件下反应3h后用TLC监测。反应完成后依次用柠檬酸水溶液,饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤,分液,有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥除水。减压蒸馏旋干溶剂后,以硅胶柱分离纯化(石油醚-乙酸乙酯=1∶2,Rf=0.7),得白色粉末状固体3.80g,产率:85.5%。
步骤b((2S)-2-氨基-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(3)的制备
将(2S)-2-芴甲氧酰胺基-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(2,3.80g,6.97mmol)以二氯甲烷(100mL)为溶剂溶于250mL的圆底烧瓶中,缓慢滴加二乙胺Et2NH(10mL),室温反应8h后用TLC监测反应。反应完成后减压蒸馏旋干溶剂,然后加入二氯甲烷,旋干溶剂,反复三次以尽量除净二乙胺,用硅胶柱分离纯化(乙酸乙酯∶甲醇=10∶1,Rf=0.15),得到无色油状物1.16g,产率:96%。步骤c(2S)-2-[N-芴甲氧羰酰基-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰-L-精氨酸]-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(4)的的制备
将(2S)-2-氨基-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(3,1.92g,5.94mmol,1.0eq)溶于二氯甲烷(50mL)中,冰浴下搅拌十分钟,然后继续依次加入EDC·HCl(2.28g,11.94mmol,2.0eq),HOBt(1.61g,11.94mmol,2.0eq),N-芴甲氧羰酰基-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰-L-精氨酸(Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH,5.78g,8.92mmol,1.5eq),搅拌十分钟后,用滴液漏斗缓慢滴加三乙胺Et3N(2.40g,23.76mmol,4.0eq),冰浴条件下反应3h后用TLC监测反应。反应完成后依次用柠檬酸水溶液,饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤,分液,有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥除水。减压蒸馏旋干溶剂后,以硅胶柱分离纯化(乙酸乙酯-甲醇=20∶1,Rf=0.60),得白色粉末状固体4.70g,产率:81.3%。
步骤d(2S)-2-{N-[N-α-芴甲氧羰基-N-ε-叔丁氧羰基-L-赖氨酸]-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰-L-精氨酸}-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(6)的制备
将(2S)-2-[2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰-L-精氨酸]-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(5,3.23g,4.42mmol,1.0eq)溶于二氯甲烷(50mL)中,冰浴下搅拌十分钟,然后继续依次加入EDC·HCl(0.69g,8.84mmol,2.0eq),HOBt(1.19g,8.84mmol,2.0eq),N-α-芴甲氧羰基-N-ε-叔丁氧羰基-L-赖氨酸Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH(3.11g,6.63mmol,1.5eq),搅拌十分钟后,缓慢滴加三乙胺Et3N(2.40g,23.76mmol,4.0eq),冰浴下反应3h后用TLC监测。反应完成后依次用柠檬酸水溶液,饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤,分液,有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥除水。减压蒸馏旋干溶剂后,以硅胶柱分离纯化(乙酸乙酯-甲醇=20∶1,Rf=0.4),得白色粉末状固体4.66g,产率:86.8%。
步骤a,b,c,d:简言之,可用传统的肽键偶合方式合成得到。
工艺流程II
大环的形成根据M的不同,通过不同的方案合成得到。
方案1.大环的形成可以通过在缩合剂(如DPPA)作用下,碳链的左末端和右末端的官能团间的缩合反应而进行,比如形成酰胺键。
方案2.构建大环可以通过使用Ru-基的催化试剂的烯烃置换反应来实现,如用已报道的Grubbs’催化剂,Horeyda’s催化剂,Nolan’s催化剂。
比如利用Grubbs’催化剂进行环化反应。
实施举例
通过下列不受限制的实例,更详细地说明本发明,但本发明不局限于以下实例。
以摄氏度数提供温度。除非另行陈述,溶液百分比表示重量对体积的关系,且溶液比例表示体积对体积的关系。在Bruker300MHz的分光计上记录核磁共振(NMR)广谱;以百万分之一(ppm)表述化学位移(δ),并参考内部的氘代试剂。
在实施例中所使用的缩写包括Cbz:苄氧羰基;Boc:叔丁氧羰基;Fmoc:芴甲氧羰基;Pbf:2,3-二氢-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基苯并呋喃-5-磺酰基;DPPA:叠氮磷酸二苯酯;DCM:二氯甲烷;THF:四氢呋喃;DMF:二甲基甲酰胺;DMSO:二甲亚砜;DMAP:二甲氨基吡啶;TEA:三乙胺;DIPEA:二异丙基乙胺;DME:1,2-二甲氧基乙烷;Et:乙基;EtOH:乙醇;EtOAc:乙酸乙酯;Me:甲基;MeOH:甲醇;ESMS:电喷雾质谱分析;MS:质谱分析;HPLC:高效液相色谱法。
本发明实施方案的实例如下所述:
实施例1(2S)-2-芴甲氧酰胺基-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(2)的制备
称取原料N′-芴甲氧羰基-N-苄氧羰基-L-赖氨酸Fmoc-Lys(Cbz)-OH(4.00g,7.97mmol,1.0eq),用二氯甲烷(50mL)溶于250mL的圆底烧瓶中,冰浴搅拌十分钟,然后继续依次加入EDC·HCl(2.28g,11.94mmol,1.5eq),HOBt(1.61g,11.94mmol,1.5eq),HN(OCH3)CH3·HCl(1.55g,15.92mmol,2.0eq),搅拌十分钟后,缓慢滴加三乙胺Et3N(3.61g,31.84mmol,4.0eq),冰浴条件下反应3h后用TLC监测。反应完成后依次用柠檬酸水溶液,饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤,分液,有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥除水。减压蒸馏旋干溶剂后,以硅胶柱分离纯化(石油醚-乙酸乙酯=1∶2,Rf=0.7),得白色粉末状固体3.80g,产率:85.5%。1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.75-7.35(m,8H),7.31(m,5H),5.06(s,2H),4.74(m,1H),4.34(d,J=6.9,2H),4.19(t,J=6.9,1H),3.75(s,3H),3.20(s,3.20),3.17(m,2H),1.72(m,2H),1.55(m,2H),1.40(m,2H).13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ172.9,171.2,156.5,143.9,141.3,136.8,128.5,128.1,128.0,127.7,127.1,125.2,120.0,66.9,66.5,61.6,50.7,47.2,40.1,32.1,29.2,22.5,21.1.
实施例2(2S)-2-氨基-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(3)的制备
将(2S)-2-芴甲氧酰胺基-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(2,3.80g,6.97mmol)以二氯甲烷(100mL)为溶剂溶于250mL的圆底烧瓶中,缓慢滴加二乙胺Et2NH(10mL),室温反应8h后用TLC监测反应。反应完成后减压蒸馏旋干溶剂,然后加入二氯甲烷,旋干溶剂,反复三次以尽量除净二乙胺,用硅胶柱分离纯化(乙酸乙酯∶甲醇=10∶1,Rf=0.15),得到无色油状物1.16g(2.47mmol),产率:96%。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.32(s,5H),5.01(s,2H),3.66(s,3H),3.17(m,6H),1.40-1.49(m,6H).13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ176.6,156.5,136.7,128.4,128.0,127.9,66.3,61.4,50.8,40.7,34.3,32.4,29.6,22.9.
实施例3(2S)-2-[N-芴甲氧羰酰基-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰-L-精氨酸]-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(4)的制备
将(2S)-2-氨基-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(3,1.92g,5.94mmol,1.0eq)溶于二氯甲烷(50mL)中,冰浴下搅拌十分钟,然后继续依次加入EDC·HCl(2.28g,11.94mmol,2.0eq),HOBt(1.61g,11.94mmol,2.0eq),N-芴甲氧羰酰基-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰-L-精氨酸(Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH,5.78g,8.92mmol,1.5eq),搅拌十分钟后,用滴液漏斗缓慢滴加三乙胺Et3N(2.40g,23.76mmol,4.0eq),冰浴条件下反应3h后用TLC监测反应。反应完成后依次用柠檬酸水溶液,饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤,分液,有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥除水。减压蒸馏旋干溶剂后,以硅胶柱分离纯化(乙酸乙酯-甲醇=20∶1,Rf=0.60),得白色粉末状固体4.70g,产率:81.3%。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.75-7.33(m,8H),7.28(m,5H),5.00(s,2H),4.78(s,1H),4.56(s,1H),4.32(m,2H),4.16(m,2H),3.81(s,3H),3.17-3.11(m,7H),2.91(s,2H),2.63(s,2H),2.54(s,2H),2.06(s,2H),1.63-1.42(m,16H).13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ172.9,171.2,158.7,156.7,156.2,144.0,143.8,141.2,138.6,138.4,136.8,132.8,132.5,128.5,127.8,127.7,127.1,125.2,124.6,119.9,117.5,86.3,67.0,66.3,61.5,60.4,53.8,53.3,50.3,47.1,43.2,40.2,32.3,30.0,29.1,28.6,22.8,21.1,19.5,18.1,14.2,12.6.
实施例4(2S)-2-[2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰-L-精氨酸]-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(5)的制备
将(2S)-2-[N-芴甲氧羰酰基-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰-L-精氨酸]-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(3,4.75g)以二氯甲烷(100mL)为溶剂溶于250mL的圆底烧瓶中,缓慢滴加二乙胺Et2NH(10mL)到反应液中,室温反应8h后用用TLC监测反应。反应完成后减压蒸馏旋干溶剂,然后加入二氯甲烷,再旋干溶剂,反复三次以尽量除净二乙胺,用硅胶柱分离纯化(乙酸乙酯∶甲醇=10∶1,Rf=0.25),得到无色油状物3.23g,产率:90.2%。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.35(br. s,5H),5.31(s,1H),5.04(s,2H),4.85(s,1H),3.76(s,3H),3.65(t,J=5.6,1H),3.17(br.s,7H),2.93(s,2H),2.56(s,3H),2.49(s,3H),2.07(s,3H),1.85-1.30(m,16H).13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ174.1,172.6,158.7,156.7,156.5,138.3,136.7,132.9,132.2,128.5,128.0,127.9,124.6,117.4,86.4,66.4,61.6,54.0,49.4,43.2,40.6,32.1,31.4,31.2,29.7,29.2,28.6,25.1,22.7,19.3,18.0,12.5.
实施例5(2S)-2-{N-[N-α-芴甲氧羰基-N-ε-叔丁氧羰基-L-赖氨酸]-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰-L-精氨酸}-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(6)的制备
将(2S)-2-[2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰-L-精氨酸]-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(5,3.23g,4.42mmol,1.0eq)溶于二氯甲烷(50mL)中,冰浴下搅拌十分钟,然后继续依次加入EDC·HCl(0.69g,8.84mmol,2.0eq),HOBt(1.19g,8.84mmol,2.0eq),N-α-芴甲氧羰基-N-ε-叔丁氧羰基-L-赖氨酸Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH(3.11g,6.63mmol,1.5eq),搅拌十分钟后,缓慢滴加三乙胺Et3N(2.40g,23.76mmol,4.0eq),冰浴下反应3h后用TLC监测。反应完成后依次用柠檬酸水溶液,饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤,分液,有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥除水。减压蒸馏旋干溶剂后,以硅胶柱分离纯化(乙酸乙酯-甲醇=20∶1,Rf=0.4),得白色粉末状固体4.66g,产率:86.8%。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.72-7.24(m,13H),5.16(dd,J=12.4,1H),5.02(dd,J=12.4,2H),4.84(s,1H),4.61(s,1H),4.30-4.17(m,3H),3.43-2.95(m,9H),2.86(s,2H),2.56(s,3H),2.49(s,3H),2.04(s,3H),1.90-1.29(m,31H).13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ172.8,172.6,171.8,158.7,156.6,156.5,156.3,143.9,141.2,138.3,136.8,133.0,132.2,131.2,128.9,128.4,127.1,125.2,124.6,119.9,117.4,86.3,78.9,67.2,66.4,62.9,61.5,60.4,55.0,53.5,52.7,49.6,47.0,43.2,40.6,40.1,37.4,36.3,32.2,31.2,29.4,29.1,28.6,28.5,25.3,22.7,19.4,18.0,14.2,12.5.
实施例6(2S)-2-{N-[N-ε-叔丁氧羰基-L-赖氨酸]-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰-L-精氨酸}-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(7)的制备
将(2S)-2-{N-[N-α-芴甲氧羰基-N-ε-叔丁氧羰基-L-赖氨酸]-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰-L-精氨酸}-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(6,4.66g)以二氯甲烷(100mL)为溶剂溶于250mL的圆底烧瓶中,缓慢滴加二乙胺Et2NH(10mL)到反应液中,室温反应8h后用用TLC监测反应。反应完成后减压蒸馏旋干溶剂,然后加入二氯甲烷,再旋干溶剂,反复三次以尽量除净二乙胺,用硅胶柱分离纯化(乙酸乙酯∶甲醇=10∶1,Rf=0.25),得到无色油状物3.26g,产率:82.7%。1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ7.32(b r.s,5H),5.31(m,1H),5.06(s,2H),4.80(s,1H),4.61(s,1H),3.79(s,3H),3.27-3.03(m,9H),2.94(s,3H),2.59(s,3H),2.52(s,3H),2.08(s,3H),1.72-1.41(m,31H).13C-NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ173.7,172.5,172.0,158.6,156.7,156.6,156.3,138.2,136.7,132.8,132.1,128.4,127.9,127.6,124.6,117.4,86.3,78.8,66.3,61.5,54.4,52.8,49.6,43.2,42.3,40.5,40.1,33.5,32.2,31.0,28.5,28.4,25.1,22.6,22.4,19.3,18.0,14.5,11.2.
实施例7N-[N-α-二乙醇酸单乙酯羰基-N-ε-叔丁氧羰基-L-赖氨酸]-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰-L-精氨酸}-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(8)的制备
将(2S)-2-{N-[N-ε-叔丁氧羰基-L-赖氨酸]-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰-L-精氨酸}-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(7,3.0g,1eq)溶于二氯甲烷(50mL)中,冰浴下搅拌十分钟,然后继续依次加入EDC·HCl(0.69g,1.2eq),HOBt(0.48g,1.2eq),二乙醇酸单乙酯(0.6g,1.2eq),搅拌十分钟后,缓慢滴加三乙胺Et3N(0.48mL,4eq),冰浴下反应3h后用TLC监测反应。反应完成后依次用柠檬酸水溶液,饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤,分液,有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥除水。减压蒸馏蒸除溶剂后,经硅胶柱分离纯化(乙酸乙酯-甲醇=10∶1,Rf=0.40),得白色粉末状固体3.16g,产率:90.5%。1H-NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ7.31-7.30(m,5H),5.04(s,2H),4.39(s,2H),4.21-4.07(m,5H),3.78(s,3H),3.15(s,3H),3.10-2.96(m,8H),2.55(s,3H),2.49(s,3H),2.05(s,3H),1.42(s,6H),1.39(s,9H),1.99-1.39(m,15H).13C-NMR(100MHz,CD3OD):δ173.9,173.7,172.1,171.9,159.7,158.7,158.3,158.0,139.3,138.4,134.4,133.4,129.4(2),128.9,128.7(2),125.9,118.3,87.6,79.7,71.4,69.4,67.2,62.2,62.1,61.4,54.3,53.9,50.8,43.9,41.4,41.0,32.8,32.4,31.8,30.4,30.2,28.8(3),28.7(2),26.5,24.0,23.9,20.8,19.6,18.4,14.4,12.5.
实施例8N-[N-α-二乙醇酸羰基-N-ε-叔丁氧羰基-L-赖氨酸]-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰-L-精氨酸}-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(9)的制备
将N-[N-α-二乙醇酸单乙酯羰基-N-ε-叔丁氧羰基-L-赖氨酸]-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰-L-精氨酸}-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(8,3.0g,1eq)以50mL四氢呋喃为溶剂溶于圆底烧瓶中,加入氢氧化锂(96mg,1.5eq),室温下反应4h后用TLC监测。反应完成后先用稀盐酸水溶液淬灭反应,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取分液,有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥除水。减压蒸馏旋干溶剂后,以硅胶柱分离纯化(乙酸乙酯-甲醇=10∶1,Rf=0.25),得白色粉末状固体2.87g,产率:95.5%。1H-NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ7.14-7.13(m,5H),5.03(s,2H),4.24-3.93(m,6H),3.61(s,3H),2.83(s,3H),3.04-2.83(m,6H),2.38(s,3H),2.32(s,3H),1.91(s,3H),1.27(s,6H),1.239(s,9H),1.99-1.39(m,12H).13C-NMR(100MHz,CD3OD):δ175.1,174.0,173.9,173.7,172.1,158.7,158.3,138.3,129.4(2),128.8,128.7(2),79.7,71.4,69.2,67.2,62.1,54.8,54.5,50.8,43.6,41.5,41.0,32.6,32.4,31.8,30.8,30.4,30.2,30.1,28.7(3),28.6(2),24.0,23.9,20.7,19.6,18.2,12.5.
实施例9N-[N-α-二乙醇酸羰基-N-ε-叔丁氧羰基-L-赖氨酸]-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰-L-精氨酸}-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(10)的制备
将N-[N-α-二乙醇酸羰基-N-ε-叔丁氧羰基-L-赖氨酸]-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰-L-精氨酸}-6-苄氧酰胺基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(9,2.5g,1eq)溶解于100mL甲醇中,然后再把钯碳(0.125g,5%)加入反应液,将反应瓶氢气保护后,常压下置于40C反应12h。TLC监测反应,用硅藻土过滤反应液除去催化剂,用甲醇洗涤硅藻土滤饼两次,合并滤液,减压蒸馏蒸除溶剂,得到粉末状的白色固体。经核磁数据测定,产物纯度较高,得白色粉末状固体2.22g,产率:81%,可以直接用于下一步的反应。1HNMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ4.21(m,3H),3.94(s,3H),3.62(s,3H),3.01(s,3H),3.01-2.80(m,6H),2.40(s,3H),2.33(s,3H),1.89(s,3H),1.26(s,6H),1.24(s,9H),1.82-1.24(m,15H).13C-NMR(100MHz,CD3OD):δ175.6,175.4,174.3,173.7,172.4,159.6,158.2,157.9,139.2,134.2,133.3,125.8,118.2,87.5,79.6,71.2,70.7,62.1,54.8,54.5,50.3,43.8,40.9,40.4,32.5,31.5,30.8,30.3,29.7,28.8,28.7,27.6,26.6,24.1,23.4,20.9,19.6,18.4,12.5.
实施例10(2S,5S,8S)-8-(N-甲氧基-N-甲基甲酰基)-5-[1-(2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰胺基)-丙基]-2-(1-叔丁氧酰胺-丁基)-3,6,9,12,13,16-氧代-1,4,7,10,16-氮杂十八烷(11)的制备
向1L圆底烧瓶加入称取好的碳酸氢钠(168mg,10eq)和溶剂DMF(500mL),然后再将DPPA(220mg,4eq),滴加到反应体系中,室温下搅拌十分钟,将化合物N-[N-α-二乙醇酸羰基-N-ε-叔丁氧羰基-L-赖氨酸]-2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰-L-精氨酸}-N-甲氧基-N-甲基己酰胺(10,2g,1eq)溶解于50mLDMF,用自动进样器以5mL/h的速度均匀进样,10h后,进样完成,室温反应36h用TLC监测,减压蒸馏旋干溶剂,再用二氯甲烷溶解,用硅藻土过滤除去不溶物,以二氯甲烷洗涤硅藻土滤饼两次,合并滤液,再次减压蒸馏旋干溶剂,以硅胶柱分离纯化(乙酸乙酯-甲醇=10∶1,Rf=0.1),得白色粉末状固体0.80g,产率:40%。1H-NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ4.33-4.29(m,3H),4.04-4.19(m,4H),3.77(s,3H),3.12(s,3H),3.17-2.96(m,6H),2.57(s,3H),2.50(s,3H),2.06(s,3H),1.42(s,6H),1.41(s,9H),1.99-1.41(m,15H).13C-NMR(100MHz,CD3OD):δ174.3,173.7,173.0,172.9,171.9,159.7,158.3,157.9,154.1,154.0,139.3,134.3,133.4,125.9,118.3,87.5,79.7,72.0,71.6,62.0,61.4,55.3,54.9,51.2,43.9,40.9,39.4,32.3,32.2,32.1,30.3,29.5,28.8(3),28.7(2),26.9,24.2,24.1,20.8,19.6,18.4,14.4,12.5.
实施例11(2S,5S,8S)-8-(甲醛基)-5-[1-(2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰胺基)-丙基]-2-(1-叔丁氧酰胺-丁基)-3,6,9,12,13,16-氧代-1,4,7,10,16-氮杂十八烷(12)的制备
称取氢化锂铝(40mg,3eq)加入干燥的圆底烧瓶,对反应体系氮气保护后,在-78℃条件下,加入5mL除水的四氢呋喃。将(2S,5S,8S)-8-(N-甲氧基-N-甲基甲酰基)-5-[1-(2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰胺基)-丙基]-2-(1-叔丁氧酰胺-丁基)-3,6,9,12,13,16-氧代-1,4,7,10,16-氮杂十八烷(11,300mg)溶于5mL四氢呋喃,缓缓滴加到反应体系中,反应1h升温至0℃,继续反应,并用TLC监测。待反应完成后,淬灭反应-先加入冰水(40μL),再加入15%氢氧化钠溶液(40μL),最后加入冰水(120μL)。淬灭后,室温搅拌半个小时。硅藻土过滤除去不溶物,用二氯甲烷洗涤硅藻土滤饼两次,合并滤液,减压蒸馏旋干溶剂,以硅胶柱分离纯化(乙酸乙酯-甲醇=5∶1,Rf=0.2),得白色粉末状固体,产率:60%。1H-NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δ4.33-4.29(m,6H),3.68(s,3H),3.27(s,3H),3.27-2.94(m,6H),2.55(s,3H),2.48(s,3H),2.04(s,3H),1.81-1.39(m,30H)
实施例12(2S,5S,8S)-8-(甲醛基)-5-丙基-2-丁基-3,6,9,12,13,16-氧代-1,4,7,10,16-氮杂十八烷(13)的制备
称取(2S,5S,8S)-8-(甲醛基)-5-[1-(2,2,4,6,7-五甲基二氢苯并呋喃-5-磺酰胺基)-丙基]-2-(1-叔丁氧酰胺-丁基)-3,6,9,12,13,16-氧代-1,4,7,10,16-氮杂十八烷(12,200mg,1eq)加入干燥的10mL圆底烧瓶,对反应体系氮气保护后,缓缓滴加2mL配制好的混合溶剂(三氟乙酸∶二异丙基硅烷∶水∶二氯甲烷=90∶2.5∶2.5∶5)。室温下反应1h。用无水乙醚沉淀反应液,过滤,滤出不溶物,用色谱甲醇溶解,最后用高效液相色谱分离得到最终产物。产率:20%。1H-NMR (400MHz,CD3OD):δ4.28-3.91(m,3H),4.16(s,4H),3.52-2.99(m,6H),1.89-1.30(m,16H).13C-NMR(100MHz,CD3OD):δ174.1,173.3,172.2,163.1,116.5,71.7,71.3,65.3,55.3,54.7,52.9,41.9,41.7,40.3,31.9,31.7,29.8,27.7,26.1,24.2,23.5.
实施例13.DENV丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂体外酶活筛选实验
采用荧光标记技术测定针对登革热丝氨酸蛋白酶的抑制剂的酶活,根据丝氨酸蛋白酶识别位点设计底物:tBoc-Gly-Arg-Arg-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide(GRR-AMC)抑制剂最终浓度分别为:1mM,500μM,250μM,125μM,62.5μM,31.25μM,15.625μM,7.8125μM,3.9μM,1.95μM,976nM,488nM,244nM,122nM,61nM,30.5nM,15.3nM,3.8nM,1.9nM,0.95nM,同时设阴性对照。利用96孔板测定酶活,100μl反应体系包括:50mM Tris,pH8.5,10μg/ml BSA,10nMDENV丝氨酸蛋白酶,20μM荧光底物和不同浓度的抑制剂,37℃反应,通过酶标仪检测荧光强度,所得数据利用软件GraphPad Prism 5处理得到抑制剂的IC50。观察结果表明,化合物XI,XVII的IC50小于10μM。
实施例14.WNV丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂体外酶活筛选实验
采用荧光标记技术测定针对西尼罗河病毒(WNV)丝氨酸蛋白酶的抑制剂的酶活,根据丝氨酸蛋白酶识别位点设计底物:AcLKKR-pNA抑制剂最终浓度分别为:1mM,500μM,250μM,125μM,62.5μM,31.25μM,15.625μM,7.8125μM,3.9μM,1.95μM,976nM,488nM,244nM,122nM,61nM,30.5nM,15.3nM,3.8nM,1.9nM,0.95nM,同时设阴性对照。利用96孔板测定酶活,100μl反应体系包括:50mM Tris,pH8.5,10μg/ml BSA,10nM WNV丝氨酸蛋白酶,20μM荧光底物和不同浓度的抑制剂,37℃反应,通过酶标仪检测荧光强度(405nm),所得数据利用软件GraphPad Prism 5处理得到抑制剂的IC50。观察结果表明,化合物XXIX的IC50小于1μM。
Claims (15)
1.一种杂环肽类登革热病毒(DENV)丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,具有如下结构通式(A)的化合物或其各种光学异构体、药物活性的代谢物、可药用盐、溶剂化物或其前药:
其中,
R1和R2可以独立地取自于以下烷基,环烷基,杂烷基,杂环烷基,杂环基,链烯基,环烯基,杂烯基,杂环烯基,链炔基,环炔基,杂炔基,环杂炔基,芳基,芳烷基,杂芳基,杂芳烷基。以上所述芳基是苯基或萘基,杂芳基是通过环碳原子或氮原子连接的具有1,2或3个选自N,O,S的杂原子的五元或六元芳环,且杂环基是通过环碳原子或氮原子连接的具有1,2,3或4个选自N,O,S的杂原子的饱和或不饱和的非芳香性环,其中芳基,杂芳基,杂环基,环烷基,烷基,环烷氧基,烷氧基任选可被1到4个取代基所取代,所述1到4个取代基选自卤素,-OH,-NR7R8,-SH,-NO2,-CN,胍基,卤C1-8烷基,C1-8烷氧基,C1-6烷基羰基,C1-6烷硫基,C1-8烷氧羰基,三氟甲基。以上所述环烷基,环烷氧基,芳基,杂芳基或杂环基上的两个相邻取代基任选地一起形成0-3个含有O,N,S的杂原子的3-6元环。R7和R8独立地选自氢,烷基,杂烷基,环烷基,链烯基,环烯基,杂烯基,杂环烯基,链炔基,杂炔基,芳基,芳烷基,杂芳基,杂芳烷基。
R3表示醛基,羧基,三氟甲基酮基团,α-酮酰胺基团,硼酸基团,噻唑基团;M表示5到10个饱和或不饱和的亚烷基链,可视需要含有0至3个杂原子,分别选自O,S,NR5;该亚烷基链可含有一个芳环或环烷烃,其中芳环是苯基或萘基;其中M的两个相邻碳原子上的两个取代基任选得一起形成含有0-3个O,N,S的杂原子的3-6元环。R5表示氢,C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基或-C(O)-R6,其中R6 表示,C1-6烷基,C2-6烯基,C3-8环烷基或芳基。
R4表示氢或在该链M上任一个碳原子被1到4个取代基所取代,所述1到4个取代基选自卤素,-OH,-NH2,-SH,-NO2,-CN,卤C1-8烷基,C1-8烷氧基,C1-6烷基羰基,C1-6烷硫基,C1-8烷氧羰基,C1-8氮烷基,C1-8硫烷基,杂烷基,杂环烷基,杂环基,链烯基,环烯基,杂烯基,杂环烯基,链炔基,环炔基,杂炔基,环杂炔基,芳基,芳烷基,杂芳基,杂芳烷基。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物、药物活性的代谢物、可药用盐、溶剂化物、前药或其光学异构体,R1和R2可以被1到4个取代基选自卤素,-OH,-NR7R8,-SH,-NO2,-CN,胍基,卤C1-8烷基,C1-8烷氧基,C1-6烷基羰基,C1-6烷硫基,C1-8烷氧羰基,三氟甲基所取代。其中,R7和R8独立地选自氢,烷基,杂烷基,环烷基,链烯基,环烯基,杂烯基,杂环烯基,链炔基,杂炔基,芳基,芳烷基,杂芳基,杂芳烷基。
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物、药物活性的代谢物、可药用盐、溶剂化物、前药或其光学异构体,其中R1和R2的杂环和杂芳基是五-、六-或七-员的饱和或不饱和的杂环,含有一至四个选自O,N和S的杂原子。包括吡咯基,咪唑基,吡唑基,噻唑基,噁唑基,异噁唑基,1,2,3-三唑基,1,2-噻二唑基,吡啶基,吡嗪基,嘧啶基,1,2,4-三嗪基,苯并噁唑基,苯并噻唑基,喹啉基。
4.如权利要求1所述的化合物、药物活性的代谢物、可药用盐、溶剂化物、前药或其光学异构体,R3可以选自醛基,羧基,三氟甲基酮基团,α-酮酰胺基团,硼酸基团,噻唑基团。
5.如权利要求1所述的化合物、药物活性的代谢物、可药用盐、溶剂化物、前药或其光学异构体,M是5到10个饱和或不饱和的亚烷基链,可以含有酰胺基,磺酰胺基等。
6.如权利要求1所述的化合物、药物活性的代谢物、可药用盐、溶剂化物、前药或其光学异构体,烷基和环烷基可以被以下任选一个或多个基团所取代:卤素,-OH,-NR7R8,-SH,-NO2,-N3,卤C1-8烷基,C1-8烷氧基,C1-6烷基羰基,C1-6烷硫基,C1-8烷氧羰基。
7.如权利要求1所述的化合物、药物活性的代谢物、可药用盐、溶剂化物、前药或其光学异构体,烯基和炔基可以被以下任选一个或多个基团所取代:卤素,-OH,-NR7R8,-SH,-NO2,-N3,卤C1-8烷基,C1-8烷氧基,C1-6烷基羰基, C1-6烷硫基,C1-8烷氧羰基。
8.如权利要求1所述的化合物、药物活性的代谢物、可药用盐、溶剂化物、前药或其光学异构体,芳基,杂芳基或杂环烷基可以被以下任选一个或多个基团所取代:卤素,-OH,-NR7R8,-SH,-NO2,-N3,C1-8烷氧基,C1-6烷基羰基,C1-8烷氧羰基。
10.根据权利要求1所述的化合物在制备治疗黄病毒属病毒感染疾病药物的应用,其中所述的黄病毒属病毒包括以下实例但不局限于此:登革热病毒,西尼罗病毒,日本脑炎病毒。
11.根据权利要求1所述的化合物在制备治疗丝氨酸蛋白酶诱发疾病药物的应用, 其中所述的疾病包括以下实例但不局限于此:登革出血热,登革热,流行性乙型脑炎,丙型肝炎,恶性肿瘤。
12.一种药物组合物,其包括有效量的权利要求1-9中任何一项所述的化合物、前药、药物活性的代谢物或其在药物上可接受的盐,与其在药学上可接受的载体介质或助剂,在制备治疗登革热病毒感染疾病抗病毒药物的应用。
13.根据权利要求12的药物组合物,其进一步包括选自登革热病毒抗病毒剂,免疫调节剂和抗感染的第二治疗剂,在制备治疗登革热病毒感染疾病药物的应用。
14.按权利要求12,13的方法,其中所述的其他抗登革热病毒制剂是选自NTP酶、解旋酶和RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶的抑制剂。
15.按照权利要求12的药物组合物,其用于制造供治疗哺乳动物的登革热病毒感染的药品。
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US11819532B2 (en) | 2018-04-23 | 2023-11-21 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Peptide macrocycles against Acinetobacter baumannii |
CN112522242A (zh) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-03-19 | 广东省科学院生物工程研究所 | 寨卡病毒丝氨酸蛋白酶在去除重组蛋白亲合标签中的应用 |
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