CN103384787A - 用于制造活塞环的方法 - Google Patents

用于制造活塞环的方法 Download PDF

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CN103384787A
CN103384787A CN2012800095797A CN201280009579A CN103384787A CN 103384787 A CN103384787 A CN 103384787A CN 2012800095797 A CN2012800095797 A CN 2012800095797A CN 201280009579 A CN201280009579 A CN 201280009579A CN 103384787 A CN103384787 A CN 103384787A
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CN103384787B (zh
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P-K·埃泽尔
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Federal Mogul Burscheid GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J9/00—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
    • F16J9/26—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction characterised by the use of particular materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造设有耐磨层（8，9）的、带有腔室的钢制活塞环（1）的方法，其方法是：制成在工作面侧设有腔室（2）的基体（1），将该基体在该基体（1）的侧壁（5）到工作面（3）的过渡区域中如下地加工：产生斜边（7）；为工作面（3）以及至少部分斜边（7）设置耐磨层（8，9）；对基体的未设置耐磨层的周边区域（4）和侧壁区域（5，6）如下地进行渗氮处理，即，在侧壁（5）的斜边侧的区域中保留限定宽度（a）的无渗氮层（10）的区段；并且最后至少将耐磨层如此程度地切除，即，在侧壁（5）到工作面（3）的过渡区域中产生基本上尖锐的但未经渗氮处理的功能棱边（11）。

Description

用于制造活塞环的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造设有耐磨层的、带有腔室的钢制活塞环的方法。
背景技术
DE 102 21 800 A1公开了一种用于在钢制活塞环上制成磨损保护层的方法，其方法是：在第一作业步骤中为工作面至少局部地设置工作面层并且为了制成硬度HV0.1＞1400而在第二作业步骤中如下地通过离子渗氮来至少为侧壁设置渗氮层，即，与投入使用的工作面层相关地在＜490℃的温度范围内实施离子渗氮作业步骤。
由DE 10 2005 023 627 A1已知了一种钢制活塞环，其具有单侧带有腔室的工作面、上侧壁和下侧壁以及内周面，其中工作面覆盖有具有微裂纹的、基于铬陶瓷的磨损保护层而且至少侧壁如下地设有降低磨损的渗氮层，即，侧壁到工作面的过渡区域中的至少一个过渡区域构造成几乎尖棱的。
在带有腔室的、设有物理气相沉积（PVD）层的钢制活塞环的实施形式中存在对尖锐的功能棱边的需求。由于具有表面渗氮的必要性，这一点迄今为止一直未排除。经过渗氮的棱边需要最大0.1mm的棱边半径。
本领领于技术人员所理解的批量生产的尖锐的棱边具有最大R＜0.05mm的倒圆。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：提供一种备选的用于制造设有耐磨层的、带有腔室的钢制活塞环的方法，利用该方法能够从侧壁到工作面之间的过渡区域中实现尖锐的功能棱边。
所述目的通过一种用于制造设有耐磨层的、带有腔室的钢制活塞环的方法得以实现，其中，制成在工作面侧设有腔室的基体，将该基体在从该基体的侧壁到工作面的过渡区域中如下地加工：产生斜边；为工作面以及至少部分斜边设置耐磨层；对基体的未设置耐磨层的周边区域和侧壁区域如下地进行渗氮处理，即，在侧壁的斜边侧的区域中保留限定宽度的、不具有渗氮层的区段；而且最后至少对耐磨层进行如此程度的切除，即，在侧壁到工作面的过渡区域中产生基本上尖锐的、但未经渗氮处理的功能棱边。
可以从按照从属权利要求的方法中获得根据本发明的方法的有益的发展设计。
根据本发明的方法可以有益地用于内燃机用的压缩机活塞环。
根据本发明的另一种思路，机械地、特别是通过磨削制成斜边。
根据需要，可以直接在含有腔室的工作面上施设铬层。
备选地还产生的可能性是：在工作面上施设薄的PVD（physicalvapor deposition）层或类钻碳（DLC（diamond like carbon））层。
分别根据使用情况还产生的可能性是：在PVD层或DLC层上施设铬层作为另外的耐磨层。
本领域技术人员将与相应的使用情况相关地选择合适的（多层）磨损保护层。
根据本发明的另一种思路，为了优化生产过程，在施设耐磨层之前将至少两个基体合并成一个组合（Paket）。在这种状态中，然后可以借助已知的方法施设一层或其它的耐磨层。
在此处产生的可能性是：将相应的两个基体以斜边相对定向的方式或更多个（＞2）基体以斜边相继排列的方式合并成一个组合。
由相应的基体中的斜边决定：在彼此对置的斜边的情况中形成大致楔形的切口，该切口保障：在施设耐磨层的过程中，该耐磨层也可以至少局部地沉积在相应的斜边区域中。
在基体轴向相继排列的情况中，可以将两个以上的基体合并成一个组合，由此还能够进一步提高经济性。
为了能够制成由基体的材料构成的尖锐的功能棱边，根据本发明的另一种思路提出：在所属的侧壁上的未经渗氮处理的区段为0.1至1.5mm。
最后的工序设定：机械地、特别是通过磨削至少将腔室外部的耐磨层从工作面上去除。根据需要将侧壁上的基体的材料除了斜边的突缘以外都磨掉，从而在钢制活塞环的成品状态中仍然从工作面上去除约0.05至0.7mm的渗氮层。
通过根据本发明的方法在带有腔室的钢制活塞环上由此可以在相应的侧壁与工作面之间的过渡区域中制成尖锐的但未经渗氮处理的功能棱边。
相应的功能棱边有益地构成在下侧壁、就是说朝向汽缸体曲轴箱的侧壁与工作面之间的过渡区域中，而且这样有助于在至少一个刮油环外部也可以对残油进行刮擦。
附图说明
参照附图中的实施例示出本发明主题并且在下文中加以说明。附图中：
图1为设置层之前的带有腔室的钢制活塞环；
图2为根据图1的带有腔室的活塞环，其具有设置的斜边；
图3和4为根据图2的基体的备选的组合方法；
图5和6为图3和4所示的组合的基体的备选的设置层方法；
图7为设有PVD层的基体的略图；
图8为设有PVD层的且经过渗氮处理的基体的略图；
图9为根据图8的基体，但是具有施设在PVD层上的铬层；
图10为具有尖锐的、未经渗氮处理的功能棱边的成品活塞环。
具体实施方式
图1示出的是由钢构成的活塞环基体1，其包含：设有腔室2的工作面3；内周面4；下侧壁5，就是说在安装状态中朝向未示出的汽缸体曲轴箱的侧壁；以及上侧壁6，就是说在安装状态中朝向未示出的燃烧室的侧壁。所述基体1构成可用作晚些时候的压缩机活塞环的活塞环的原始形式。
图2示出的是：将从侧壁5到工作面3的过渡区域如下地加工，即，例如通过磨削构成斜边7。
图3和4示出的是用于根据图2的基体1的不同的组合方法。
在图3中多个基体1轴向相继地设置，其中斜边7同样轴向相继地排列。由于腔室2向着相应的斜边7的方向缓慢结束，在为工作面3设置层时，即使对斜边7至少局部地设置层材料也不产生问题。
图4示出的是：两个基体1以彼此朝向的斜边7成对设置，从而构成一种楔（eine Art Keil）。在此处在为工作面3设置层时也可以在斜边7的区域中置入层材料。
图5和6示出的是工作面3的层，而且涉及的是图3和4。
在这些例子中在相应的工作面3的区域中应施设耐磨的铬层8，该铬层直接施设到带有腔室的区域2和工作面3的其余的区域上。相应的层8也沉积在至少一大部分的斜边7上。
图7示出的是一个单独的基体1，该基体设有层厚在1和5μm之间的PVD层9。与图5和6类似，设有斜边7的侧壁区域5同样至少局部覆盖有PVD层。
在图8中可以看到，根据图7的设有PVD层的基体1在PVD层9的外部受到渗氮处理。在所有其它的图1所示的周边区域4和侧壁区域5、6上设置有渗氮层10。然而渗氮层10在侧壁5的区域中并未完全达到斜边7，从而产生限定宽度例如为1.5mm的无渗氮层的区段a。
图9示出的是：在PVD层9上施设已经在图5和6中介绍的铬层8。与已经对图8阐述的那样，同样的方法步骤适用于此。
图10示出的是成品的钢制活塞环1’。图8和9所示的层8、9被如此程度地切除，即，在从侧壁5到工作面3的过渡区域中构成尖锐的功能棱边11，渗氮层10以距功能棱边11例如0.5mm的限定距离a’结束。

Claims (12)

1.用于制造设有耐磨层（8，9）的、带有腔室的钢制活塞环（1’）的方法，其方法是：制成在工作面侧设有腔室（2）的基体（1），将该基体在该基体（1）的侧壁（5）到工作面（3）的过渡区域中如下地加工：产生斜边（7）；为工作面（3）以及至少部分斜边（7）设置耐磨层（8，9）；对基体（1）的未设置耐磨层（8，9）的周边区域（4）和侧壁区域（5，6）如下地进行渗氮处理，即，在侧壁（5）的斜边侧的区域中保留限定宽度（a）的无渗氮层（10）的区段；并且最后至少将耐磨层（8，9）如此程度地切除，即，在侧壁（5）到工作面（3）的过渡区域中产生基本上尖锐的但未经渗氮处理的功能棱边（11）。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：通过磨削制成斜边（7）。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：在含有腔室（2）的工作面（3）上施设铬层（8）。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：在工作面（3）上施设PVD层或DLC层（9）。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于：在PVD层或DLC层（9）上施设铬层（8）。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：在施设耐磨层（8，9）之前将至少两个基体（1）合并成一个组合。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于：将相应的两个基体（1）以斜边（7）相对定向的方式合并成一个组合。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于：将多个基体（1）以斜边（7）相继排列的方式合并成一个组合。
9.如权利要求1至5之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：侧壁上的无渗氮层的区段（a’）为0.1至1.5mm。
10.如权利要求1至9之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：通过磨削至少将耐磨层（8，9）从含有腔室的工作面（3）上去除。
11.如权利要求1至10之任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：在侧壁（5）上大致除了斜边（7）的突缘区域以外将基体（1）的材料磨掉。
12.压缩机活塞环，其按照权利要求1至11之任一项所述的方法制成。
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