CN103380280A - 可利用液态和/或气态燃料来运行的内燃机 - Google Patents

可利用液态和/或气态燃料来运行的内燃机 Download PDF

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CN103380280A
CN103380280A CN2011800599224A CN201180059922A CN103380280A CN 103380280 A CN103380280 A CN 103380280A CN 2011800599224 A CN2011800599224 A CN 2011800599224A CN 201180059922 A CN201180059922 A CN 201180059922A CN 103380280 A CN103380280 A CN 103380280A
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combustion engine
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liquid fuel
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CN103380280B (zh
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H.施奈德
H.斯洛辛斯基
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LOrange GmbH
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Abstract

一种可切换地可利用液态燃料或气态燃料来运行的内燃机(1)在气体运行模式中以预喷射来工作，其中，在将用于在气体运行模式中的预喷射和在液态燃料中的喷射而设置的喷射器(5,8)联接到共同的存储器(6)处时，存储器(6)的用于在气体运行模式中的预喷射的压力水平小于用于以液态燃料来来运行的压力水平。

Description

可利用液态和/或气态燃料来运行的内燃机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的可利用液态和/或气态燃料来运行的内燃机。
背景技术
这种可利用双燃料喷射系统来运行的内燃机在不同的设计方案中是已知的，因此还分别带有向每个气缸喷射的两个喷射器，其中的一个设置成用于在气体运行模式(Gasbetrieb)中进行预喷射(Piloteinspritzung)并且针对该预喷射在喷射量方面进行设计，其中，预喷射用于点燃在气体运行模式中存在的气体－空气－混合物。除了针对较小的燃料量的喷射设计的该喷射器之外，为了利用液态燃料尤其柴油来运行设置有针对很大的燃料量而设计的另外的喷射喷射器(Einspritzinjektor)。
为了考虑到由此决定的用于在运行模式“带有预喷射的气体运行模式”和“液态燃料运行模式(Flüssigkraftstoffbetrieb)”中的燃料喷射而给定的情况(Verhältnis)，已知的是用于在气体运行模式中的预喷射而设置的喷射器经由存储器(Akkumulator)来供给并且因此设置有用于该喷射器的共轨运行部(Common Rail-Betrieb)，而将用于液态燃料运行模式而设置的喷射器构造为泵－喷嘴元件。
还已知的是使用这样的喷射器，其能在壳体中实现用于在气体运行模式中的预喷射和用于液态燃料运行模式的液态燃料的分开的喷射。尤其最后提到的解决方案导致非常复杂的喷射器。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于以尽可能少的花费运行可靠地处理对于不同的运行模式来说对供给液态燃料的不同的要求。
这利用权利要求1的特征来实现，通过将所有的喷射器联接到共同的存储器尤其所谓的共轨处开启了这样的可能性，即仅仅或至少优先通过考虑在共轨中的压力水平来保证不仅用于气体运行模式中的预喷射的而且用于液态燃料运行模式的符合要求且可靠的喷射的前提条件。尤其对此补充地证实为适宜的是考虑用于在泵方面(pumpenseitig)的最小输送体积的规定的下极限值。
这可以简单的方式针对运行模式通过相应的管理用于供给存储器而设置的至少一个高压泵(其根据相应的需求被接通、断开或组合地使用)来实现。
就此而论，根据本发明可示出各种系统变型方案，因此例如在气体运行模式中的预喷射的情况下使用在其输送功率方面较小的、用于共轨的燃料供给的泵，其中，该泵可机械地与内燃机相联结或者甚至可用电来驱动，并且其中，将在输送功率方面与在液态燃料运行模式中的需求相协调的至少一个其它的泵设置为“大的”泵，该泵尤其经由离合器(Kopplung)可分开地与内燃机驱动连接。
在这种系统中，尤其可将在输送功率方面较小的泵使用成支持在输送功率方面与液态燃料运行模式相协调的较大的泵，从而其最终可针对低于所必需的最大功率的输送功率来设计。此外，“大”的泵如有可能还可被断开，从而对于带有预喷射的气体运行模式来说仅仅通过较小的泵来实现共轨供给。
尤其也在本发明的范围中的是持久地运行两种泵，例如在机械地或优选地甚至用电来驱动小的泵时且在短接(Kurzschlussschaltung)大的、在输送功率方面与液态燃料运行模式相协调的泵时，从而该大的泵尽可能地无压力地来工作，其中，那时大的泵的输送量例如向储存容器导出。
尤其也在本发明的范围中的是设置有仅仅一个如有可能在其总数方面甚至多个与用于液态燃料运行模式的所必需的输送功率相协调的泵，该泵可分级地(gestuft)来断开。尤其当设置有仅仅一个与对液态燃料的总需求相协调的这种泵以用于供给存储器尤其共轨时，也在本发明的范围中的是将该泵尤其通过短接来限制到最小输送量上，该最小输送量与带有预喷射的气体运行模式的情况下的液态燃料需求(其对于液态燃料运行模式来说相应于燃料量的很小的部分)相对应，其中，此外，在气体运行模式中的预喷射的情况下以比在液态燃料运行模式的情况下进一步更低的压力来工作。对于后者，压力设置成高达大约2000bar，而在气体运行模式中的预喷射的情况下可以大约1000bar的压力来工作，因为通过气体运行模式紧接着喷射进行带有气体－空气－混合气的喷射的液态燃料的燃烧。
存储器(从其中为用于带有预喷射的气体运行模式和用于液态燃料的喷射喷射器进行供给)的根据本发明的取决于运行地在压力水平方面可变的调节为此提供了良好的前提，即所设置的高压泵相应以最小输送量(其对于泵元件的内部的润滑来说是必需的)来运行。最小输送量为最大的泵输送量的大约2%。因为马达推动中的泵在大多情况下在其可能的输送量的大约50%与80%之间的范围内运行，所以全负荷喷射量的大约3%至5%可通过泵来输送以便避免失效。因为对于空转所必需的喷射量为全负荷喷射量的大约10%，这在液态燃料运行模式的情况中无问题。
但是，对于在气体运行模式中的预喷射所必需的、可通过预喷射器来喷射的燃料量明显更低，从而必须采取根据本发明的措施以便可保证泵的运行可靠的工作方式。原则上根据本发明这由此来实现，即不考虑这样的情况(如何使如泵运行)可为存储器维持可变的压力水平。这可以经济的方式由此实现，即向存储器输入的、取决于存储器中的压力水平的输送量可取决于运行来变化。可通过相应地对泵或存储器施加影响来考虑该压力水平，即通过改变泵的输送功率到断开泵和/或通过在泵回路中短接通接下来相应地用于存储器的短接。
附图说明
本发明的其它的细节和特征从权利要求、说明和附图中得出。其中：
图1至3显示了用于运行可利用液态燃料和利用气态燃料来运行的内燃机的系统变型方案。
具体实施方式
在图1至3中的示图以内燃机尤其大型内燃机(如船用发动机等等)为起点。在实施例中总地以1来表示的内燃机具有六个气缸2并且可作为所谓的双燃料机来运行。这意味着将燃料根据运行模式以气态和/或液态的形式引向气缸的相应的此处未示出的燃烧室，其中，气态燃料在燃烧室中作为气体－空气－混合物存在，并且在附图中向燃烧室引入该气体－空气－混合物相应地仅通过箭头4来象征性地表示，并且补充于作为用于点燃的气体－空气－混合物的引入进行预喷射。
引入用于液态燃料运行模式(在其中例如利用重油来工作)的液态燃料通过喷射器5来实现，其中，喷射器5联接到存储器6处，该存储器在实施例中由相应地沿着一排气缸2布置的两个共轨7形成。
喷射器8也相应联接到共轨处，经由该喷射器8实现在气体运行模式中的预喷射。对于作为点燃辅助的该预喷射，与经由喷射器5的在带有喷射的液态燃料运行模式中相比，可将显著更少的燃料量向相应的气缸2喷射。相应地，喷射器8(如象征性地示出的那样)还可构造成比喷射器5显著更小。
因为可经由喷射器5和8以相应的运行模式将及其不同的燃料量向相应的燃烧室喷射并且在不同的运行模式中由于不同的燃料－空气－混合物对被喷射的液态燃料的准备存在不同的条件，所以对于喷射来说可以不同的喷射压力来工作，亦即对于液态燃料运行模式来说带有比用于预喷射的更高的喷射压力。用于预喷射的喷射压力大约为用于液态燃料运行模式的喷射压力的一半，在液态燃料运行模式中以直至2000bar的数量级的喷射压力来工作。
考虑到不同的喷射压力和在进一步更大的程度方面不同的喷射量，根据本发明来这样实现向存储器6的燃料供给，即在所有的运行模式中在用于在气体运行模式中的预喷射所需要的、比用于利用液态燃料来运行的更小的压力水平的情况下，向存储器6输入的燃料量大于下限值，该下极限值尤其可使得在在泵的内部的润滑方面得到保证。
在根据图1的备选方案中，这由此来实现，即设置有多个泵9，其中的至少一个(作为“较大的”泵10)在其泵功率方面与用于液态燃料运行模式所需要的输送量相协调并且至少针对提供规定的最小输送量的输送功率来设计在其泵功率方面较小的另一泵11。所规定的最小输送量在此相应于这样的输送量，即该输送量对于泵元件的内部润滑是必需的并且为泵的全负荷输送量的大约2%。
在根据图1的实施例中，这以结合较小的泵11来实现，该较小的泵11如有可能通过机械地联结至传动机构12来持久地驱动，但是，该较小的泵11还可经由电马达13用电来驱动，如在图2中所说明的那样。
在两种情况中，较大的泵10相应与内燃机1机械地驱动连接，在图1和2中在处于驱动连接中的离合器14的情况下通过驱动连接至传动机构12来说明，经由该离合器14可断开至少一个较大的泵10。
因此根据图1和2的两种解决方案显示了这样的可能性，即在驱动较小的泵11时通过接通和断开较大的泵10来改变输送功率。因此，参考根据图1和2的实施例总体来看可在接通较小的泵11时通过运行一个或两个较大的泵10来提供分级的输送功率，但是如有可能还断开两个较大的泵10并且仅仅经由泵11来提供规定为下极限值的输送量。就此而言，尤其在电驱动较小的泵11时再次给出大量的可能性。
泵10、11的高压侧的连接管路15通向存储器6并且以实线示出。至低压侧的联接管路16用虚线来说明。
图3也说明了用于内燃机1在液态燃料运行模式中和用于在气体运行模式中的预喷射的供给的泵系统17。再次设置有两个较大的泵10，但是在该情况中，在泵10持久地驱动连接至内燃机1更确切地说内燃机12的传动机构12的情况下，如所说明的那样。作为带有较小的功率的泵11，泵又经由电马达13设置成带有驱动装置，其中，将径向泵说明为泵11。代替用于泵11的电动的驱动装置，在该实施例中还可提供泵11到内燃机的机械的驱动连接，例如经由传动机构12，类似于根据图1的示图。
根据图3的泵系统17又设置有至存储器6的高压侧的连接部(Verbindung)15(以实线示出)，其中，在该连接部中与向存储器6的输送方向相反锁止地设置有止回阀18。泵10和11至低压侧的联接管路21用虚线来示出，并且在较大的功率的泵10至低压侧的连接部19中存在锁止阀20－优选地构造为两位两通阀。该阀对于在向存储器6的输送的情况中的泵运行来说是闭合的，对于短路运行来说是打开的。
较小的功率的泵11至存储器6的连接部(其同样利用15来表示)同样经由与输送方向相反地锁止的止回阀18来防护，从而排除存储器6至低压侧的通过构造为径向泵的泵11的短路。经由联接管路21建立的、至低压侧的连接部也用作用于泵10和11的共同的吸入侧的供给连接部。
在实施例中未示出这种可能性，即以仅仅一个泵并且因此较大的功率的泵10来工作，该泵在输送量方面可调节，从而如有可能仅仅通过调节该泵的输送量不仅可实现存储器6的高压供给，但是该泵在其输送量方面还可针对用于泵的运行可靠性所必需的最小输送量来调节。通过限压阀22来为彼此功率连接的、形成存储器6的共轨设置共同的保险装置。

Claims (10)

1.一种可切换地可利用液态燃料或气态燃料来运行的内燃机(1)尤其大型内燃机，该内燃机在气体运行模式中以液态燃料的预喷射来工作并且对于该内燃机为了在利用液态燃料运行期间将所述液态燃料喷射向所述内燃机(1)的气缸(2)和为了在所述气体运行模式中进行所述预喷射而设置有专门的喷射器(5,8)，该喷射器联接到共同的存储器(6)处以用于供给液态燃料，该存储器经由至少一个泵(9)来供应，其中，向所述存储器(6)输入的燃料量取决于压力水平如此是可变的，即用于在所述气体运行模式中的所述预喷射的压力水平小于用于利用液态燃料来运行的压力水平，尤其与在泵方面的、大于极限值的最小输送量相关。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机，其特征在于，分别彼此独立地设置有待运行的喷射器(5,8)以用于在液态燃料运行模式中和在带有预喷射的所述气体运行模式中向所述气缸(2)喷射所述液态燃料，并且所述喷射器(5,8)在利用所述液态燃料运行期间针对相应的燃料量的喷射来设计，该燃料量共计为用于所述预喷射而设置的燃料量的多倍。
3.根据权利要求2所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述喷射器(5,8)可整合成一个结构单元，尤其与附加燃料存储器相结合。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，设置有分开的、在其泵功率方面分级的至少两个泵(10,11)以用于所述存储器(6)的燃料供给，其中的功率较小的所述泵(11)至少提供用于在气体运行模式中的所述预喷射所必需的输送量。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，在所述泵(10,11)中，至少一个或多个泵(10)作为一个或多个大的泵在其泵功率方面与用于所述液态燃料运行模式所必需的输送量相协调，并且所述泵(10,11)中的至少一个尤其与用于所述液态燃料运行模式的所述输送量相协调的一个或多个所述泵(10)可断开。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，在所述泵(10,11)中，至少一个尤其在所述输送功率方面与用于所述液态燃料运行模式相协调的一个或多个所述泵(10)优选地经由离合器(14)可分开地与所述内燃机(1)相连接。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，在所述泵(10,11)中，尤其在所述泵功率方面较小的所述泵(11)与所述内燃机(1)驱动连接和/或可经由电马达(13)来驱动。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，在在所述泵功率方面较小的且直接经由所述内燃机或用电来驱动的所述泵(11)的可选择的可接通性的情况下，对于所述泵(10,11)中的至少一个尤其在所述泵功率方面较大的一个或多个所述泵(10)，为了所述存储器(6)的燃料供给而持久地与所述内燃机(1)驱动连接。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述泵(10,11)中的至少一个尤其在所述泵功率方面较大的一个或多个所述泵(10)可在短路运行中运行。
10.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述存储器(6)经由尤其仅仅一个可调节所述输送功率的所述泵(10)来供给。
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CN109477445B (zh) * 2016-07-25 2021-05-28 罗伯特·博世有限公司 燃料输送装置和在燃料输送装置中输送燃料的方法
CN108869061A (zh) * 2017-05-15 2018-11-23 曼柴油机和涡轮机欧洲股份公司 双燃料发动机和用于操作双燃料发动机的方法
CN108869061B (zh) * 2017-05-15 2022-03-18 曼恩能源方案有限公司 双燃料发动机和用于操作双燃料发动机的方法
CN110725753A (zh) * 2018-07-16 2020-01-24 曼恩能源方案有限公司 内燃发动机和用于内燃发动机的模块化系统
CN110725753B (zh) * 2018-07-16 2023-10-13 曼恩能源方案有限公司 内燃发动机和用于内燃发动机的模块化系统
CN111237091A (zh) * 2018-11-29 2020-06-05 罗伯特·博世有限公司 内燃机的燃料输送装置和调节燃料输送装置中压力的方法

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DE102010061183B4 (de) 2014-10-30
JP2013545027A (ja) 2013-12-19
CN103380280B (zh) 2016-04-20
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