CN1033762C - Low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN1033762C CN1033762C CN 94114948 CN94114948A CN1033762C CN 1033762 C CN1033762 C CN 1033762C CN 94114948 CN94114948 CN 94114948 CN 94114948 A CN94114948 A CN 94114948A CN 1033762 C CN1033762 C CN 1033762C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a low alloy cast iron grinding ball and a making method thereof, which belongs to the technical field of a ball mill. The grinding ball comprises the chemical components of 2.5 to 3.5 wt% of C, 0.3 to 1.0 wt% of Si, 0.5 to 1.5 wt% of Mn, 3.0 to 5.0 wt% of Cr, less than 0.08 wt% of P, less than 0.08 wt% of S, 0.05 to 0.30 wt% of RE and 0.8 to 4.0 wt% of tungsten slag iron alloy. The making method of the low alloy cast iron grinding ball comprises: centrifugal casting is adopted. The grinding ball made by adopting the components and the method has the advantages of enhanced impact toughness, low breaking rate, favorable abrasion resistance and high technology export rate.
Description
The present invention is a kind of low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball and manufacture method thereof, belongs to the ball mill technical field.
Ball mill is the main grinding equipment that is widely used in industries such as metallurgy, building materials, mine and electric power, and abrading-ball is mainly to consume spare part, and according to statistics, China's consumption ball was more than 120 ten thousand tons in 93 years, was worth billions of units.The abrading-ball kind of widespread use at present has following four classes, and the first kind is medium and high carbon steel or low alloyed steel forged ball, this class ball good toughness, and percentage of damage is low, but hardness is low, wears no resistance; Second class is middle manganese rare earth nodular cast iron balls, and the toughness of this class ball is lower, and shock resistance fatigue flake ability is easily broken, but wear resistance is better than the forged steel ball, and production technique is simple, and production cost is lower; The 3rd class is a high-chromium cast-iron ball, and it is by containing a large amount of M
7C
3Hard sulfide of type and martensitic stucture and have the highest average-volume hardness, hardness is even in the table, the impelling strength height, percentage of damage is low, and wear resistance is good, but valuable alloying element content height must be used electrosmelting, and production cost is more much higher than forged steel ball and middle manganese ball.The 4th class is a low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball, and this class abrading-ball alloying element significantly reduces than high chromium ball, smelts easily, having perlite is main matrix, after suitable thermal treatment and the rotten processing of rare earth, can obtain the suspension shape carbide of even dispersion, wear resistance is fine, production technique is simple, can smelt with cupola furnace, production cost is low, is a class abrading-ball kind with fastest developing speed in recent years, the forged steel of replacement ball is arranged gradually, the gesture of middle manganese magnesium iron ball and high-chromium cast-iron ball.Low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball toughness is lower, and percentage of damage is higher in the use, and this exists shrinkage cavity relevant with casting flaw such as loose with distribution of carbides and abrading-ball inside.Cast grinding ball was static casting in the past, adopted sand mold or metal mold moulding, and yield rate is low.
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball and manufacture method thereof, this abrading-ball adopts low-alloy cast iron and the new castmethod by rotary casting, thereby improve the distribution of carbide in the low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball, reduce the casting flaw of abrading-ball inside, further improve the toughness of abrading-ball, reduce the percentage of damage of abrading-ball.
The chemical ingredients of low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball of the present invention following (weight %):
C：2.544～3.76％；Si：0.3～1.0％；Mn：0.604～2.1％；
Cr：3.0～5.0％；P＜0.08％；S＜0.08％；
RE：0.05～0.30％；W0.036～0.32％；Nb0.004～0.024％；
Ta0.0004～0.006％；Ti0.0008～0.006％；
All the other are Fe.
The material of abrading-ball of the present invention at first is described.The composition range and the qualification of its each component be the reasons are as follows:
C:C is the principal element that influences carbide quantity in the low-alloy chilled cast iron, and carbide plays a decisive role to the wear resistance of low-alloy cast iron, contain C and be less than at 2.5% o'clock, carbide quantity very little, and is unfavorable to improving wear resistance, and C content surpasses after 3.5%, continue to increase C content, little to the wear resistance influence, but significantly reduce toughness, C is controlled at 2.5～3.5% for this reason.
Si: increase Si content, impel matrix hardness to increase on the one hand, help improving the carbide dispersity; Promote greying on the other hand, hardening capacity is had disadvantageous effect, too high si content also makes the fragility trend of white cast iron increase, and Si is controlled at 0.3～1.0% for this reason.
Mn:Mn be a kind of effectively and the element of cheap stable austenite, it is again a kind of weak sulfide forming element, in low-alloy chilled cast iron, add the Mn more than 0.5%, help the raising of hardening capacity, but Mn is when improving hardening capacity, can also reduce martensite transformation temperature significantly, increase with containing the Mn amount, remained austenite content also increases, so the Mn amount should not surpass 1.5%.Mn content is controlled at 0.5-1.5% for this reason.
Cr:Cr is main alloying element in low-alloy chilled cast iron, and Cr is strong sulfide forming element, add Cr after, can stop free graphite to produce, guarantee to obtain complete spoken parts in traditional operas, and make carbide by common cementite (Fe
3C) change into alloyed cementite (Fe, Cr)
3C, thus significantly improve the microhardness of carbide, improve wear resistance.The adding of Cr also helps the raising of hardening capacity, require greater than 3.0% so contain the Cr amount, but the Cr alloy is expensive, and adding too much Cr will increase production cost, so the Cr amount should not surpass 5.0% in the low-alloy cast iron, and the Cr amount is controlled at 3.0～5.0% for this reason.
Although P:P increases the flowability of molten iron, yet material is become fragile, so wish that P content is low more good more, P content generally is controlled at below 0.08%.
S:S is the same with P to make the material embrittlement, should reduce the content of S as far as possible, wishes that S content is low more good more, and S content generally is controlled at below 0.08%.
RE: in the low-alloy chilled cast iron eutectic carbides be (F, Cr)
3The C type is continuous net-shaped distribution, thereby has isolated matrix, causes low-alloy cast iron toughness deficiency, and fragility is too high.Abrading-ball bears certain bump in actual application, in order to improve the toughness of abrading-ball, guarantee in the use embrittlement not to take place, therefore just be necessary to improve its toughness, for low-alloy for the mouth cast iron, improve form and distribution that the flexible key is to change eutectic sulfide, making it change the suspension shape into by continuous net-shaped distribution distributes, dendritic morphology changes the plate form into, the RE that adds more than 0.05% can obtain satisfied effect, and the RE add-on too much makes the low-alloy cast iron silicon content increase, and inclusion increases, thereby cause performance decrease, RE content is controlled at 0.05～0.30% for this reason.
The present invention also contains its compositions of multiple alloying element (weight %) such as W, Nb, Ta and Ti: W:0.036～0.32%; Nb:0.004～0.6%; Ta:0.0004～0.006%; Ti:0.0008～0.006%; Yu Tie.These elements are energy and carbon all, and nitrogen forms high melting compound, can be used as external nucleus crystal grain thinning, improves intensity and toughness, helps the raising of material wear ability.These element solid solutions delay austenite to pearlitic transformation in matrix simultaneously, help improving material hardening capacity.
Described in detail with regard to abrading-ball manufacture method of the present invention below.Usually the method for making cast grinding ball is to pour in the casting mold having the satisfactory molten iron of suitable temperature and chemical ingredients, normally disposable sand mold of casting mold or metal mold, and casting under static state, abrading-ball is outlet after casting mold internal cooling for some time.Method of the present invention is to adopt metal mold casting mold (see figure 1), and nowel is fixed with joint bolt 3 with steady brace 2 location again on the casting mold 1, after assembling finishes, casting mold is fixed on the vertical centrifugal machine 4, rotates whizzer then, the rotation speed n of whizzer is selected by following calculation formula
N-casting mold rotating speed rpm, i.e. centrifuge speed in the formula;
The density g/cm of M-metallic solution
3
The shortest distance cm of R-abrading-ball die cavity and sprue medullary ray
β-adjustment coefficient, cast iron are 1.2～1.5
Use β=1.2～1.3 o'clock through reality, obtained more satisfactory rotating speed.
After centrifuge speed is stable, 1350～1420 ℃ of temperature and the satisfactory low-alloy cast iron molten iron of chemical ingredients are poured in the sprue 5, molten iron enters in the casting mold die cavity 7 along ingate 6 under action of centrifugal force, and the gas in the casting mold die cavity is discharged die cavity along venting hole 8.Molten iron enters die cavity and solidifies under action of centrifugal force, solidify finish after, whizzer is shut down and when continuing to be cooled to the abrading-ball temperature and reaching 800～950 ℃; take out abrading-ball; abrading-ball is air-cooled, under 250～300 ℃ of temperature, abrading-ball is carried out ageing treatment then, aging time is 3～5 hours.In order to improve the life-span of casting mold,, adopt insulating refractory 9 to build the gate surface on the gate surface of metal mold.
Effect of the present invention
The rotary casting low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball is compared with plain metal mold casting low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball, and following 3 differences are arranged
(1) the obvious refinement of the crystal grain of centrifugal abrading-ball, the form of carbide more is tending towards the suspension shape, is evenly distributed, and abrading-ball is inner loose and be mingled with etc., and casting iron defective obviously reduces, and the toughness of hitting of centrifugal abrading-ball obviously improves.
(2) percentage of damage of centrifugal abrading-ball is lower than 0.05%, and wear resistance is better than common ball.
(3) produce low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball with centre spinning method, product yield is up to 92%, and produces low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball with ordinary method, and product yield only is 65～70%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a synoptic diagram of producing low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball with centre spinning method.
Fig. 2 is the A-A view of Fig. 1.
1-casting mold, 2-steady brace, 3-joint bolt
4-whizzer, 5-sprue, 6-ingate
7-die cavity, 8-venting hole, 9-refractory materials
Most preferred embodiment
This example is for to adopt the present invention on the abrading-ball of ball radius Φ 100mm.
At rotating speed is that metal pattern is made with HT200 in the rotating metallic mould of 820rpm, cast low-alloy cast iron molten iron under 1380 ℃ of teeming temperatures, and the absolute refractory materials on gate surface is a high-purity high-density degree diamond spar, composition is Al
2O
3〉=99.0%, SiO
2≤ 0.20%, Fe
2O
3≤ 0.15%.After the molten iron cast finishes; continuation is rotated 8 minutes to guarantee that liquid metal solidifies under centrifugal action with metal pattern; shut down then metal pattern is taken out from whizzer; metal pattern is cooled off in air, when treating that the abrading-ball temperature reaches 880 ℃, open metal pattern; take out abrading-ball; abrading-ball is air-cooled, then abrading-ball is carried out ageing treatment at 280 ℃, aging time 4 hours.The chemical ingredients of low-alloy cast iron molten iron (Wt%) is: C2.93%; Si0.55%; Mn0.78%; Cr4.14%; P0.05%; S0.04%; RE0.087%; Tungsten slag iron alloy: 3%, all the other are Fe.Wherein the composition of tungsten slag iron alloy is (Wt%): Nb0.57%; Ta0.14%; Ti0.12%; Mn13.1%; W7.5%; C5.7%, Yu Tie.
This tries routine abrading-ball after ageing treatment, and hardness reaches HRC49～52, and abrading-ball heart portion and surface hardness difference only have 3 HRC.
Table 1 has provided the difference of casting low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball of the present invention and normal static permanent mold casting low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball.(table is seen the literary composition back)
Low percentage of damage low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball hardness of the present invention is even, and wear resistance is good, the impelling strength height, the abrading-ball interior solid, the grounding ball casting defective is few, and percentage of damage is low, can be widely used in industries such as metallurgy, mine, building materials, chemical industry and electric power and replace steel ball and the iron ball of using at present.
The toughness of table 1 abrading-ball, percentage of damage and product yield
| Impelling strength (J/cm 2) | Percentage of damage (%) | Product yield (%) | |
| General low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball | ????3.14 | ????1.13 | ????66.1 |
| Low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball of the present invention | ????4.82 | ????0.04 | ????92.3 |
Claims (2)
1. a low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball is characterized in that the chemical ingredients of said abrading-ball is (weight %): C2.544～3.76%, Si0.3～1.0%, Mn0.604～2.1%, Cr3.0～5.0%, P＜0.08%, S＜0.08%, RE0.05%～0.30%, W0.036～0.32%, Nb0.004～0.024%, Ta0.0004～0.006%, Ti0.0008～0.006%, all the other are iron.
2. the manufacture method of abrading-ball as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that metal mold casting mold (1) is fixed on the vertical centrifugal machine (4), rotates whizzer (4) then, and the rotation speed n of whizzer (4) is calculated as follows:
In the formula: the density g/cm of M-metallic solution
3
The shortest distance of R-abrading-ball die cavity and sprue medullary ray;
β-speed governing coefficient, cast iron are 1.2～1.5;
After whizzer (4) stabilization of speed; be that the low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball molten iron of said chemical ingredients pours in the sprue (5) in 1350～1420 ℃ the claim 1 with temperature; molten iron enters under centrifugal action whizzer (4) is shut down; and be cooled to the abrading-ball temperature when reducing to 800～950 ℃; take out abrading-ball; abrading-ball is air-cooled, under 250～300 ℃ of temperature, abrading-ball is carried out ageing treatment then, aging time is 3～5 outer hours.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94114948 CN1033762C (en) | 1994-08-19 | 1994-08-19 | Low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball and manufacturing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94114948 CN1033762C (en) | 1994-08-19 | 1994-08-19 | Low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball and manufacturing method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1101949A CN1101949A (en) | 1995-04-26 |
| CN1033762C true CN1033762C (en) | 1997-01-08 |
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ID=5037286
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94114948 Expired - Fee Related CN1033762C (en) | 1994-08-19 | 1994-08-19 | Low-alloy cast-iron grinding ball and manufacturing method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN1033762C (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1462195A1 (en) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-09-29 | Claudius Peters Technologies GmbH | Process for the manufacture of hollow grinding members and grinding members thus obtained |
| CN100408189C (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2008-08-06 | 上海大学 | Method for producing medium chromium tungsten-containing composite anti-wear roll ring |
| CN101890489A (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2010-11-24 | 宁国市南洋铁球有限公司 | Novel process centrifugally casting wear-resistance microspheres and micro-forging |
| CN104985126A (en) * | 2015-08-02 | 2015-10-21 | 邓卓伟 | Casting process of cast iron grinding ball |
| CN110629106B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-07-24 | 沈阳工业大学 | Method for reinforcing nodular cast iron material by using nano SiO2 particles |
| CN113182501A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-30 | 浙江省机电设计研究院有限公司 | Mold device for horizontal rotation centrifugal casting of grinding ball and grinding ball forming method |
-
1994
- 1994-08-19 CN CN 94114948 patent/CN1033762C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1101949A (en) | 1995-04-26 |
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| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
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Granted publication date: 19970108 Termination date: 20120819 |