CN103368749A - 在物理层装置中用于功率控制的系统和方法 - Google Patents
在物理层装置中用于功率控制的系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种在物理层装置中用于功率控制的系统和方法。在活跃状态期间的节能可通过监测物理层装置中的接收机所接收的信号电平来实现。在一种实施方式中，基于接收的信号电平的指示或传输介质的其他通信特性，控制模块可以调节信号电平或幅度并且/或者调节电源电压。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2012年4月6日提交的临时专利申请第61/621,287号和2012年4月13日提交的专利申请第13/446,454号的优先权，通过引用将其全部内容为其所有目的结合于此。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及网络技术，更具体地，涉及在物理层装置中用于功率控制的系统和方法。
背景技术
能量消耗在近些年以加速的趋势持续增高。在这种情况下，多种产业对这些上涨的消耗的影响愈发敏感。引起越来越多关注的一个领域是IT基础设施。许多公司目前正在观察他们的IT系统的能量使用以确定是否能减少能量消耗。为此，已经出现了注重能量高效网络（IEEE 802.3az）的产业，以将IT设备的使用的上升的消耗作为一个整体进行处理（即，个人电脑、显示器、打印机、交换机、服务器、网络设备等）。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种方法，包括：由本地物理层装置中的接收机接收由远程物理层装置发送的信号，所述本地物理层装置支持活跃运行模式以及节能运行模式；基于所接收的信号的信号电平生成控制信号；以及在所述活跃运行模式期间，使用所生成的控制信号，调节由所述本地物理层装置中的发射机发送至所述远程物理层装置的发送信号的幅度。
其中，使用模拟数字转换器模块确定所述功率电平。
其中，使用自动增益控制模块确定所述功率电平的指示。
其中，使用线缆诊断模块确定所述功率电平的指示。
其中，所述线缆诊断模块确定网络线缆的长度。
其中，使用接收信号强度指示器确定所述功率电平。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种方法，包括：由本地物理层装置中的接收机接收由远程物理层装置发送的信号；基于所接收的信号的功率电平的指示生成控制信号；以及使用所生成的控制信号，调节所述本地物理层装置的至少一部分所使用的电源的输出。
其中，所述物理层装置是以太网物理层装置。
其中，使用模拟数字转换器模块确定所述功率电平的指示。
其中，使用自动增益控制模块确定所述功率电平的指示。
其中，使用线缆诊断模块确定所述功率电平的指示。
其中，所述线缆诊断模块确定网络线缆的长度。
其中，使用接收信号强度指示器确定所述功率电平的指示。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种支持活跃运行模式和节能模式的物理层装置，包括：接收机，耦合至网络线缆，用于接收由远程物理层装置发送至所述网络线缆上的信号；控制模块，基于所接收的信号的信号电平生成控制信号，所述物理层装置使用所述控制信号，在活跃运行模式期间调节在所述物理层装置的传输期间所使用的功率量。
其中，所述控制信号用于调节由发射机发送至所述远程物理层装置的发送信号的幅度。
其中，所述控制信号用于调节由发射机的至少一部分所使用的电源的输出。
其中，所述控制模块基于模拟数字转换器模块的输出生成控制信号。
其中，所述控制模块基于自动增益控制模块的输出生成控制信号。
其中，所述控制模块基于线缆诊断模块的输出生成控制信号。
其中，所述控制模块基于接收信号强度指示器生成控制信号。
附图说明
为了描述上述的以及能够获得本发明的其他优点和特征的方法，以上简要描述的本发明的更具体描述将通过参考附图中示出的本发明特定实施方式而实现。应当理解这些附图仅描述了本发明的典型实施方式，因此不应当被认为是它范围的限制，本发明将与额外的特征和细节一起通过使用附图来描述和解释，在附图中：
图1示出了网络链路的一个实例。
图2A和图2B示出了在网络链路中发送和接收的实例。
图3是示出了在物理层装置中功率控制的第一实施方式。
图4示出了在网络链路中发送和接收的另一个实例。
图5示出了功率控制的第二实施方式。
图6示出了功率控制的实例过程的流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明的多种实施方式在以下详细论述。当论述特定的实施时，应当理解这样做仅仅是为了示出的目的。相关领域的技术人员应该认识到在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可以使用其他组件和配置。
节能可以通过监测由物理层装置（PHY）中的接收机接收到的信号电平来实现。在一个实施方式中，基于接收的信号电平（如电压摆动电平）的示数（indication，指示）或者传输介质的其他通信特性，控制模块能够调节传输子系统使用的信号电平或幅度，以此实现节能。与依赖于识别低通信量应用情况以转换到节能状态的能量高效网络相反，节能可以在传输子系统的活跃状态实现。
本发明的一个特征是网络装置的能量效率可以通过识别超过通过低链路应用情况所呈现的有限情形的节能时机来增加。例如，虽然传输子系统能够在低链路应用期间通过进入节能态（如低功率空闲模式或者子集物理层装置模式）来实现节能，当传输子系统处于活跃状态（该状态下传输以能达到的最高链路速率发生）时，也能够实现节能。因为在活跃状态的高功耗导致使用昂贵的封装以适应散热，所以较低功耗能够允许较低成本封装。所导致的成本节约可能是显著的，特别是当考虑到实施本发明的特征所需的低额外成本时。
在一种实施方式中，在活跃状态期间的节能通过监测接收机PHY接收的信号电平来实现。在活跃状态的传输期间所接收的信号电平的指示可被提供给控制模块。基于所接收的信号电平的指示，控制模块于是可以确定在活跃状态期间是否能实现节能。在多种实例中，控制模块可以直接或间接地影响PHY中发射机的发射功率，从而在活跃状态期间实现节能。
为了示出本发明的多个特征，首先参考图1，其示出了网络链路的一个实例。如所示的，网络链路100包括使用通信信道130（如铜双绞线）耦合的连接伙伴（link partner）110,120。这里，应该注意的是虽然通信信道130以线缆管道的形式示出，但是通信信道130的潜在实施方式不限于此。此处所用的通信信道130可以表示连接伙伴可用的任何传输介质。
如图1另外所示，连接伙伴110包括发射机112和接收机114，同时连接伙伴120包括发射机122和接收机124。很明显地，连接伙伴110中的发射机112被指定为传输通信信号至连接伙伴120中的接收机124，同时在连接伙伴120中的发射机122被指定为传输通信信号至连接伙伴110中的接收机114。
图2A和2B示出了图1中例示的网络链路中发送和接收的实例。在该实例示出中，图2A示出了经由“短”信道发送并接收的信号，同时图2B示出了经由“长”信道发送并接收的信号。需要注意的是“短”和“长”的特定的信道名称旨在表示通信信道不同的特征，并且可能或可能不与特定类型的传输介质的物理长度具有直接关联。
如图2A所示，信号212由在连接伙伴110中的发射机112通过“短”信道发送并且作为信号224在连接伙伴120中的接收机124处被接收。类似地，信号222由连接伙伴120中的发射机122通过“短”信道发送并且作为信号214在连接伙伴110中的接收机114处接收。如所示出的，“短”信道具有最小的影响，因为接收的信号224相比于发送的信号212无实质降级，并且接收的信号214相比于发送的信号222无实质降级。这表明了由“短”信道造成的最小的信号衰减。这将是，例如，“短”信道表示长度10米以下的网络跳接线缆（patch cable）的情况。
图2B示出了“长”信道的影响。考虑，例如，接近100米长的网络线缆。如所示出的，信号232由连接伙伴110中的发射机112通过“长”信道发送，并且作为信号244在连接伙伴120中的接收机124处被接收。类似地，信号242由连接伙伴120中的发射机122通过“长”信道发送，并且作为信号234在连接伙伴110中的接收机114处被接收。如所示出的，“长”信道具有显著的影响，因为接收的信号244相比于发送的信号232显著地降级，并且接收的信号234相比于发送的信号242显著地降级。这说明了由“长”信道引起的显著的信号衰减。
如证明的，传输介质的特性可显著影响接收的信号电平。本发明的一个特征是节能可以通过利用接收的信号电平的变化来实现。特别地，应该认识到，节能可以通过调节接收机处理传输介质的最坏情况或接近最坏情况下的通信特性的大的衰减效果的能力来实现。
图3示出了在能够利用传输介质的通信特性的差异的物理层装置中功率控制的实施方式。如所示出的，连接伙伴300包括被指定为通过传输介质340发送和接收信号的发射机310和接收机320。如进一步示出的，连接伙伴300包括控制模块330。在一种实施方式中，发射机310、接收机320以及控制模块330被结合在连接伙伴300的PHY中。
在一种实施方式中，控制模块330被配置为从接收机320接收信息，接收机320使得控制模块330能够识别通过传输介质340接收的信号的功率电平。对接收的信号的功率电平的识别有效地使控制模块能够确定由传输介质代表的通信的特性。如果识别为高功率电平，那么控制模块330能够确定当前的是“短”信道，反之如果识别为低功率电平，那么控制模块330可以确定当前的是“长”信道。
对“短”或“长”信道存在的确认将使得控制模块能够生成控制信号，该控制信号使发射机适应传输介质的特定通信特性。例如，如果控制模块330确定当前的是“短”信道，则控制模块330能够生成控制信号，该控制信号指示发射机310可以发送较低功率信号。这里较低功率信号的发送可以设计为确保在接收机处的信号电平具有足够的信噪比（SNR），以便能够以合理的误差率解码。
从接收机的角度看，接收的信号与通过“长”信道接收的信号是相同的，如果不比它好的话。由于接收机被设计为处理在传输介质通信特性的最坏情况下或接近最坏情况下的大的衰减效果，接收机自己强加的衰减将对活跃（有效）通信的影响会很小以至于没有。
应该理解的是，降低发射机的发射功率将导致节能。当考虑到基于相对“短”的信道的很多网络链路时，这些节能会是显著的。例如，家庭网关和中小企业（SMB）市场具有主要为短的网络链路。因此在这些环境中潜在的节能相对较大。
图4示出了使用本发明原理在网络链路中发送和接收的另一实例。在该示出中，“中间”信道的存在使得一定数量的低于最坏情况下衰减的衰减存在。在该实例中，控制模块相对于标准发射功率降低了一半的发射功率。可响应于确定一半发射功率将仍会导致信号电平的接收足够接收机进行适当地解码，而降低一半发射功率。应该理解，将基于所接收的信号的功率电平而确定控制模块所降低的发射功率的量。实际上，所确定的传输介质的特性使得控制模块能够识别对于特定的网络链路足够的发射功率。
应该理解的是，控制模块可以使用多种机制来确定传输介质的通信特性。在多种实施方式中，控制模块可以被设计为从模拟数字转换器（ADC）模块、自动增益控制（AGC）模块、线缆诊断模块等接收输入。在一个实例中，线缆诊断模块可以被设计为测量线缆的长度和/或类型，这将使得控制模块能够确定传输介质的通信特性。总之，提供给控制模块的任何已测量的输入或其他都可以用于生成可以实现节能的控制信号。
图5示出了功率控制的另一实施方式。如示出的，连接伙伴500包括被设计为经由传输介质540发送和接收信号的发射机510和接收机520。如另外示出的，连接伙伴500包括控制模块530。
以与图3的实施方式相似的方式，控制模块530被配置为从接收机320（或其他可访问能够确定传输介质的通信特性的信息的组件）接收信息，该接收机320使得控制模块530能够识别给连接伙伴500供电的至少一个发射机部分的可变电压源的电平。对由传输介质代表的通信信道特性的识别有效地使控制模块能够确定需要多少功率来驱动发射机510。因此，如果当前为“长”信道，那么可变电压源可以通过控制模块530设置在相对高的电平，然而如果当前为“短”信道，那么可变电压源可以通过控制模块530设置在相对低的电平。
已描述了一种用来在通信的活跃模式期间实现节能的机制，现参考示出本发明过程的图6的流程图。如示出的，该过程开始于步骤602，其中传输介质的通信特性被确定。在一个实施方式中，对通信特性的确定可以基于直接识别那些通信特性的单一测量。例如，通信特性可以基于接收的信号强度指示器被直接确定，该接收的信号强度指示器直接识别预期的通过传输介质的衰减程度。在另一个实施方式中，可以基于传输介质的属性确定通信特性。例如，可以使用对线缆长度和线缆类型（如3类，5e类，6类等以太网线缆）的识别来确定通信特性。
传输介质通信特性的确定使得连接伙伴中的控制模块能够在步骤640生成能够实现节能的控制信号。该控制信号可以基于确定的通信特性并且可以被设计为，例如，识别不会损害接收端的SNR的降低的传输性能。应该理解，在生成的控制信号和确定的通信特性之间的特定关系将取决于用于这种确定中所使用的特定输入以及相应的用于实现节能的控制机制。总之，应该注意到，控制机制可以在连接后预置为固定值，或者在它的能力内是有适应性的和动态的从而响应传输介质通信特性的变化。
在步骤606，生成的控制信号随后用于调节物理层装置中传输子系统的能量消耗。如指出的，该调节可以以多种方式进行，其中希望的结果是减轻传输子系统对在接收端生成足够的SNR的功率的需求。在一个实施方式中，可以调节发送信号幅度，在另一个实施方式中，至少部分的发射子系统的电源电压可以通过芯片上/芯片下的电压调节器进行调节，应该理解，特定的调节机制可以用硬件和/或软件实现。
如上所述，节能机制可以用于活跃模式以补充在低链路利用期间的节能工作。应该理解，本发明的原理可以用于多种PHY系统而不局限于使用特定的链路速率（标准的或非标准的）。另外，本发明的原理可以用于适用于不同类型传输介质的多种PHY类型。
本发明的另一个实施方式可以提供机器和/或计算机可读存储器和/或介质，其具有存储于其上的机器代码和/或计算机程序，所述机器代码和/或计算机程序具有至少一个可由机器和/或计算机执行的代码段，从而使得机器和/计算机执行这里所述的步骤。
通过对之前详细描述的回顾，本发明的这些以及其他方面对于本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的。尽管以上描述了本发明的多个显著的特征，然而在阅读了本公开的发明后，对于本领域的技术人员显而易见的是，本发明能够有其他实施方式以及能够以多种方法实践和实现，因此以上描述不应认为是对这些其他实施方式的排除。同样，应该理解的是这里使用的措辞和术语是为了描述的目的而不应认为是限制。
Claims (10)
1.一种方法，包括：
由本地物理层装置中的接收机接收由远程物理层装置发送的信号，所述本地物理层装置支持活跃运行模式以及节能运行模式；
基于所接收的信号的信号电平生成控制信号；以及
在所述活跃运行模式期间，使用所生成的控制信号，调节由所述本地物理层装置中的发射机发送至所述远程物理层装置的发送信号的幅度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，使用模拟数字转换器模块确定所述功率电平。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，使用自动增益控制模块或线缆诊断模块确定所述功率电平的指示。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述线缆诊断模块确定网络线缆的长度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，使用接收信号强度指示器确定所述功率电平。
6.一种方法，包括：
由本地物理层装置中的接收机接收由远程物理层装置发送的信号；
基于所接收的信号的功率电平的指示生成控制信号；以及
使用所生成的控制信号，调节所述本地物理层装置的至少一部分所使用的电源的输出。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述物理层装置是以太网物理层装置。
8.一种支持活跃运行模式和节能模式的物理层装置，包括：
接收机，耦合至网络线缆，用于接收由远程物理层装置发送至所述网络线缆上的信号；
控制模块，基于所接收的信号的信号电平生成控制信号，所述物理层装置使用所述控制信号，在活跃运行模式期间调节在所述物理层装置的传输期间所使用的功率量。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述控制信号用于调节由发射机发送至所述远程物理层装置的发送信号的幅度。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述控制信号用于调节由发射机的至少一部分所使用的电源的输出。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| TW201342854A (zh) | 2013-10-16 |
| US9231655B2 (en) | 2016-01-05 |
| TWI538454B (zh) | 2016-06-11 |
| US20130268782A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
| EP2651042B1 (en) | 2018-11-14 |
| EP2651042A1 (en) | 2013-10-16 |
| KR20130113911A (ko) | 2013-10-16 |
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