CN103364079A - Detection system and detection method of broadband fluorescent photons - Google Patents
Detection system and detection method of broadband fluorescent photons Download PDFInfo
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- CN103364079A CN103364079A CN2013103018144A CN201310301814A CN103364079A CN 103364079 A CN103364079 A CN 103364079A CN 2013103018144 A CN2013103018144 A CN 2013103018144A CN 201310301814 A CN201310301814 A CN 201310301814A CN 103364079 A CN103364079 A CN 103364079A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a detection system of broadband fluorescent photons. The detection system comprises a laser source, and further comprises a superconductivity single-photon detector, a light path coupling device and a time correlation single-photon counting device. The light path coupling device comprises fluorescent materials, a first collimator and a second collimator, wherein the first collimator and the second collimator are arranged on the two sides of the fluorescent materials, the input end of the first collimator is connected with the output end of the laser source, and the output end of the second collimator is connected with the input end of the superconductivity single-photon detector. The output end of the superconductivity single-photon detector is connected with one input end of the time correlation single-photon counting device, and the other input end of the time correlation single-photon counting device is connected with the output end of the laser source. Meanwhile, the invention further discloses a detection method of the broadband fluorescent photons. By means of the detection system and detection method, the broadband fluorescent photons are detected, the service life of the broadband fluorescent photons is measured, the difficult problem that fluorescence of an infrared band is difficult to measure is solved, and the wavelength range of fluorescence detection is greatly expanded.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of broadband fluorescent photon detection system and detection method thereof, be specifically related to broadband fluorescent photon detection system and the detection method thereof of based superconductive single photon detector.
Background technology
Photon is the elementary particle that transmits electromagnetic interaction, is a kind of gauge boson.Photon is the carrier of electromagnetic radiation, and photon is considered to medium of electromagnetic interaction in quantum field theory.Compare with most of elementary particles, rest mass of photon is zero, this means that its velocity of propagation in a vacuum is the light velocity.The same with other quantum, photon has wave-particle duality: photon can show the character such as the refraction, interference, diffraction of Classic Wave; That works transmits the energy of arbitrary value unlike the particle of classics when the corpuscular property of photon then showed as with matter interaction, and photon can only transmit quantized energy.For visible light, the energy that single photon carries is about 4 * 10-19 joule, and the energy of size is enough to excite a molecule of photosensory cell on the eyes like this, thereby causes vision.Except energy, photon also has momentum and polarization state, but single photon does not have definite momentum or polarization state.
Photodetector refers to cause a kind of physical phenomenon that illuminated material electric conductivity changes by radiation.
When superconducting thin film during far below critical temperature, superconductor is in superconducting state.If give this film by upper electric current, when electric current was higher than a certain value, superconducting state will be destroyed and change normal state into.This electric current just is called critical current, and the electric current that passes through on the unit cross section just becomes critical current density.If superconducting thin film is processed into nano strip, place far below its critical temperature environment, and during logical upper electric current a little less than critical current, this superconducting nano bar is just very responsive to the photon of incident, utilizes this principle people to invent the superconducting single-photon detecting device.
It is a kind of singl e photon detection technology of based superconductive film that superconducting single-photon detects, and common single photon detector, as the avalanche diode that is in the Geiger pattern and photomultiplier etc. are compared and had significant advantage.Common semi-conductive single photon detector returns to the chronic of original state after detecting a photon, usually in the microsecond magnitude, therefore usually limits its speed that detects photon in the kHz magnitude.And the release time of superconducting single-photon detecting device is usually at nanosecond order, than semi-conductive detecting device height three orders of magnitude, and the detection rates of superconducting single-photon detector can also further improve in theory, calculate mentally several aspects, superconducting single-photon detector is not almost calculated mentally number, and calculating mentally of semiconductor detector is several very high, can get at several ten thousand even higher.In addition, because the detector of semiconductor material preparation, its spectrum respective range is all very narrow, and superconducting single-photon detector just be easy to can covering visible light to region of ultra-red, superconducting single-photon detector also has electric current shake, and little signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is high, advantage that testing circuit is simple etc.
Except top these advantages, the superconducting single-photon detecting device has some also problems to be solved.At first be exactly working temperature, the at present critical temperature of superconductor is all very low, and for the preparation of the critical temperature of the ultra-thin niobium nitride film of superconducting single-photon detecting device only about 10k, so its working temperature all will arrive the liquid helium warm area usually.Secondly, because search coverage is all at low temperature environment, so must photon transmission to low temperature environment, also will export signal from low temperature environment.Meanwhile, the detection area of superconducting single-photon detector is very limited, usually all less than 20 microns * 20 microns, if detection area is too large, because the dynamic inductance of superconductor itself, its repetition rate can descend greatly, and it is very difficult photon being coupled on the so little area.At last, therefore the dismounting of superconducting single-photon detecting device and work repeatedly measure meeting intensification cooling respectively at room temperature and liquid helium warm area, the aligning of optically-coupled, and impedance matchings etc. very easily are damaged.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide that a kind of working temperature is stable, the photon coupling area is little and guarantee the broadband fluorescent photon detection system of the alignment result of optically-coupled.
Simultaneously, the present invention also provides a kind of broadband fluorescent photon detection method.
Technical scheme: a kind of broadband fluorescent photon detection system of the present invention, comprise lasing light emitter, also comprise the superconducting single-photon detector that is arranged in the cryogenic system and the light path coupling device and the Single Photon Counting device that are arranged in the room temperature environment, described light path coupling device comprises fluorescent material and is arranged on collimating apparatus 1 and the collimating apparatus 2 of described fluorescent material both sides, the input end of described collimating apparatus 1 is connected with the output terminal of described lasing light emitter, receives the laser signal of described lasing light emitter and described laser signal is collimated to described fluorescent material; The fluorescent photon that described fluorescent material is excited enters the input end of described collimating apparatus 2, and the output terminal of described collimating apparatus 2 is connected with the input end of described superconducting single-photon detector, and the fluorescence signal behind the collimation is coupled into described superconducting single-photon detector; The output terminal of described superconducting single-photon detector is connected with an input end of described Single Photon Counting device, another input end of described Single Photon Counting device is connected with the output terminal of described lasing light emitter, by the reference signal of synchronous described lasing light emitter and the electric impulse signal of the described superconducting single-photon detector output of access, fluorescence signal is detected.Cryogenic system provides the 1-5K working environment for superconducting single-photon detector, make the working environment of superconducting single-photon detector stable, simultaneously, employing arranges the method for the double-collimation device of collimating apparatus 1 and collimating apparatus 2 in the fluorescent material both sides, utilize the light path principle of reversibility to use two collimating apparatuss that fluorescence signal is coupled in the optical fiber, reduce the degree of coupling that the photon coupling area guarantees photon simultaneously.
In order to realize the measurement to photon lifetime, also comprise the computational analysis device that is connected with the output terminal of described Single Photon Counting device, by the life-span of computational analysis device computation and measurement fluorescent photon.
In order directly to observe fluorescence signal, described Single Photon Counting device is oscillograph.
In order to guarantee the accurate of the light path coupling device degree of coupling, described light path coupling device also comprises the wave filter that is arranged between described fluorescent material and the described collimating apparatus 2.
In order to ensure the temperature composite demand of cryogenic system, described cryogenic system comprises GM refrigeration machine, liquid helium, vascular refrigerator, He3 refrigeration machine or dilution refrigeration machine.
In order to make the light path coupling device be higher than 90% to the light reflectivity of 450 nanometers-20 micron wave length, described collimating apparatus 1 and described collimating apparatus 2 are reflection-type silverskin collimating apparatus.
Described superconducting single-photon detector comprises sensing circuit, and described sensing circuit comprises low-noise preamplifier, attenuator, power combiner and the power amplifier of successively circuit connection.
In order to control loss, reduce circuit jitter, the output terminal of described collimating apparatus 2 is connected by single-mode fiber with the input end of described superconducting single-photon detector.
Another technical scheme provided by the invention is: a kind of broadband fluorescent photon detection method, carry out as follows:
(1) working environment of adjustment superconducting single-photon detector makes the temperature in the cryogenic system remain on 1-5K, simultaneously, the light path coupling device is calibrated;
(2) open lasing light emitter, make through the laser signal behind collimating apparatus 1 collimation to arrange on the fluorescent material, inspire broadband fluorescence;
(3) after broadband fluorescence is coupled through collimating apparatus 2 collimations, input to superconducting single-photon detector and survey, and the sensing circuit of the process of the photo response signal after will surveying superconducting single-photon detector is sent to the Single Photon Counting device; Simultaneously, the reference signal of lasing light emitter is synchronously to the input port 2 of Single Photon Counting device;
(4) the Single Photon Counting device compares reference signal and electric impulse signal, shows the curve map of fluorescent photon signal.
For the direct observation that realizes fluorescent photon and the measurement in life-span thereof, after the Single Photon Counting device compares reference signal and electric impulse signal in the step (4), data are sent to the computational analysis device, and the computational analysis device draws the life-span of fluorescent photon to data analysis.
Beneficial effect: a kind of broadband fluorescent photon detection system provided by the invention and detection method thereof, adopted superconducting single-photon detector, photon detection to infrared band is relatively sensitiveer, double-collimation device in the light path also has the constant advantage of broadband reflection coefficient, can realize reasonable collimation to the light of broadband especially infrared band, realized the detection of broadband fluorescent photon and the measurement in life-span, especially particularly effective to the fluorescent photon detection of infrared band, as seen wavelength coverage comprises/infrared (400nm-1700nm) zone; The present invention also has highly sensitive and the temporal resolution high, and the lowest detection energy is in single photon energy magnitude, and temporal resolution is better than 50ps; The present invention compares with existing fluorescence detection system, has solved the difficult problem of infrared band fluorescence detection, has greatly expanded the wavelength coverage of fluorescence detection, owing to use highly sensitive detector, and also more accurate to the detection of fluorescence lifetime.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of broadband fluorescent photon detection system of the present invention.
Embodiment
The below is elaborated to technical solution of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to described embodiment.
Embodiment:The invention provides a kind of broadband fluorescent photon detection system, its structural representation comprises lasing light emitter as shown in Figure 1, utilizes excited state particle luminous electric light source under the stimulated radiation effect.
The present invention also comprises light path coupling device, superconducting single-photon detector and Single Photon Counting device.
Light path coupling device and Single Photon Counting device are arranged in the room temperature environment, and the light path coupling device comprises fluorescent material and is arranged on collimating apparatus 1 and the collimating apparatus 2 of fluorescent material both sides, in addition, also comprises wave filter.The input end of collimating apparatus 1 is connected with the output terminal of lasing light emitter, receives the laser signal of lasing light emitter and laser signal is collimated to fluorescent material.The fluorescence that fluorescent material penetrates enters the input end of collimating apparatus 2 through wave filter, adopts wave filter to guarantee the accurate of the light path coupling device degree of coupling, carries out filtering to exciting bias light.Photon transmits by single-mode fiber, and less than 0.2 dB/m, the time jitter of light signal is less than 3ps in the loss of 400-1700nm wave band for this single-mode fiber.
The output terminal of collimating apparatus 2 is connected with the input end of superconducting single-photon detector by optical fiber, fluorescence signal behind the collimation is coupled into superconducting single-photon detector, employing arranges the method for the double-collimation device of collimating apparatus 1 and collimating apparatus 2 in the fluorescent material both sides, utilize the light path principle of reversibility to use two collimating apparatuss that fluorescence signal is coupled in the optical fiber, reduce the photon coupling area, guarantee that simultaneously the degree of coupling of photon all has higher reflectivity to broadband light.In the present embodiment, collimating apparatus 1 and described collimating apparatus 2 are reflection-type silverskin collimating apparatus, make the light path coupling device be higher than 90% to the light reflectivity of 450 nanometers-20 micron wave length, and general wavelength of fluorescence is all in this scope, can realize the collimation of broadband fluorescence, so that fluorescence signal is coupled into detector better.
Superconducting single-photon detector is arranged in the cryogenic system, can be operated in infrared, visible and ultraviolet band, and the fluorescence signal that receives is surveyed.Cryogenic system makes the working environment of superconducting single-photon detector stable for superconducting single-photon detector provides the 1-5K working environment.Cryogenic system comprises GM refrigeration machine, liquid helium, vascular refrigerator, He3 refrigeration machine or dilution refrigeration machine, guarantees the temperature composite demand of cryogenic system.Comprise sensing circuit in the superconducting single-photon detector of present embodiment, sensing circuit comprises low-noise preamplifier, attenuator, power combiner and the power amplifier of successively circuit connection.Superconducting nano-wire at first carries out the signal amplification by a low-noise preamplifier by the photo response signal of the RF output of superconducting single-photon detector, it is impedance matching that this low-noise preamplifier here also has an important function, the signal reflex that prevents the RF end of superconducting single-photon detector causes the superconducting nano-wire job insecurity, the gain of this low-noise preamplifier can be by its power supply fine setting, and attenuator also can be controlled the amplitude of prime amplifier output signal.
The Single Photon Counting device is oscillograph, can directly observe fluorescence signal.Two input ports of oscillograph are connected output terminal with the output terminal of lasing light emitter respectively and are connected by concentric cable with superconducting single-photon detector, by the reference signal of synchronous described lasing light emitter and the electric impulse signal of access superconducting single-photon detector output, observation fluorescence signal.Oscillographic principle of work is: LASER Light Source provides synchronizing datum signal, accesses oscillographic passage 1, and the electric pulse of being exported by superconductor detector accesses oscillographic passage 2, can directly observe fluorescence signal.Utilize oscillographic tally function, can also measure the life-span of fluorescence.
And the present invention also comprises the computational analysis device, and the output terminal of Single Photon Counting device is connected with the computational analysis device, by the life-span of computational analysis device computation and measurement fluorescent photon.
The detection method of above-mentioned a kind of broadband fluorescent photon detection system, carry out as follows:
(1) working environment of adjustment superconducting single-photon detector makes the temperature in the cryogenic system remain on 1-5K, simultaneously, the light path coupling device is calibrated;
(2) open lasing light emitter, make through the laser signal behind collimating apparatus 1 collimation to arrange on the fluorescent material, inspire broadband fluorescence;
(3) after broadband fluorescence is coupled through collimating apparatus 2 collimations, input to superconducting single-photon detector and survey, and the sensing circuit of the process of the photo response signal after will surveying superconducting single-photon detector is sent to the Single Photon Counting device; Simultaneously, the reference signal of lasing light emitter is synchronously to the input port 2 of Single Photon Counting device;
(4) the Single Photon Counting device compares reference signal and electric impulse signal, shows the curve map of fluorescent photon signal.
For the direct observation that realizes fluorescent photon and the measurement in life-span thereof, after the Single Photon Counting device compares reference signal and electric impulse signal in the step (4), data are sent to the computational analysis device, and the computational analysis device draws the life-span of fluorescent photon to data analysis.
As mentioned above, although the specific preferred embodiment of reference has represented and has explained the present invention that it shall not be construed as the restriction to the present invention self.Under the spirit and scope of the present invention prerequisite that does not break away from the claims definition, can make in the form and details various variations to it.
Claims (10)
1. broadband fluorescent photon detection system, comprise lasing light emitter, it is characterized in that, also comprise the superconducting single-photon detector that is arranged in the cryogenic system and the light path coupling device and the Single Photon Counting device that are arranged in the room temperature environment, described light path coupling device comprises fluorescent material and is arranged on collimating apparatus 1 and the collimating apparatus 2 of described fluorescent material both sides, the input end of described collimating apparatus 1 is connected with the output terminal of described lasing light emitter, receives the laser signal of described lasing light emitter and described laser signal is collimated to described fluorescent material; The fluorescent photon that described fluorescent material is excited enters the input end of described collimating apparatus 2, and the output terminal of described collimating apparatus 2 is connected with the input end of described superconducting single-photon detector, and the fluorescence signal behind the collimation is coupled into described superconducting single-photon detector; The output terminal of described superconducting single-photon detector is connected with an input end of described Single Photon Counting device, another input end of described Single Photon Counting device is connected with the output terminal of described lasing light emitter, by the reference signal of synchronous described lasing light emitter and the electric impulse signal of the described superconducting single-photon detector output of access, fluorescence signal is detected.
2. a kind of broadband fluorescent photon detection system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise the computational analysis device that is connected with the output terminal of described Single Photon Counting device, by the life-span of computational analysis device computation and measurement fluorescent photon.
3. a kind of broadband fluorescent photon detection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described Single Photon Counting device is oscillograph.
4. a kind of broadband fluorescent photon detection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described light path coupling device also comprises the wave filter that is arranged between described fluorescent material and the described collimating apparatus 2.
5. a kind of broadband fluorescent photon detection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described cryogenic system comprises GM refrigeration machine, liquid helium, vascular refrigerator, He3 refrigeration machine or dilution refrigeration machine.
6. a kind of broadband fluorescent photon detection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described collimating apparatus 1 and described collimating apparatus 2 are reflection-type silverskin collimating apparatus.
7. a kind of broadband fluorescent photon detection system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described superconducting single-photon detector comprises sensing circuit, and described sensing circuit comprises low-noise preamplifier, attenuator, power combiner and the power amplifier of successively circuit connection.
8. a kind of broadband fluorescent photon detection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the output terminal of described collimating apparatus 2 is connected by single-mode fiber with the input end of described superconducting single-photon detector.
9. a broadband fluorescent photon detection method is characterized in that, carries out as follows:
(1) working environment of adjustment superconducting single-photon detector makes the temperature in the cryogenic system remain on 1-5K, simultaneously, the light path coupling device is calibrated;
(2) open lasing light emitter, make through the laser signal behind collimating apparatus 1 collimation to arrange on the fluorescent material, inspire broadband fluorescence;
(3) after broadband fluorescence is coupled through collimating apparatus 2 collimations, input to superconducting single-photon detector and survey, and the sensing circuit of the process of the photo response signal after will surveying superconducting single-photon detector is sent to the Single Photon Counting device; Simultaneously, the reference signal of lasing light emitter is synchronously to the input port 2 of Single Photon Counting device;
(4) the Single Photon Counting device compares reference signal and electric impulse signal, shows the curve map of fluorescent photon signal.
10. described a kind of broadband fluorescent photon detection method according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, after the Single Photon Counting device compares reference signal and electric impulse signal in the step (4), data are sent to the computational analysis device, the computational analysis device draws the life-span of fluorescent photon to data analysis.
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| CN104052552A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-17 | 南京大学 | Large-diameter super-conduction weak-light receiver |
| CN106124046A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-11-16 | 天津大学 | A kind of Jitter emulation mode of superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector |
| CN106768318A (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-05-31 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | Single-photon detection system |
| CN111130652A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-08 | 南京大学 | Photon number resolution enhanced laser communication system and method |
| CN111649821A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-11 | 南京大学 | Implementation method of superconducting nanowire single-pixel spectrometer with programmable responsivity |
| CN111664951A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2020-09-15 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Picosecond resolution single photon weak signal measuring device and measuring method |
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| CN111130652A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-08 | 南京大学 | Photon number resolution enhanced laser communication system and method |
| CN111649821A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-11 | 南京大学 | Implementation method of superconducting nanowire single-pixel spectrometer with programmable responsivity |
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Application publication date: 20131023 |