CN106768318A - Single-photon detection system - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
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- G01J2001/442—Single-photon detection or photon counting
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Abstract
The disclosure is directed to a kind of single photon nanoseconds resolving detection system, the single-photon detection system includes：APD detecting modules, for being detected to X-ray single photon signal and are exported detectable signal；Pre-amplifying module, for receiving the detectable signal of APD detecting modules output and exporting after being amplified to the detectable signal；And time measurement and reading module, detectable signal and trigger signal including a starting point for receiving pre-amplifying module output, and for measuring the time interval of the detectable signal for receiving and the starting point and exporting the time interval.The disclosure realizes the high-efficient detection to the continuous X-rays photon after trigger signal while the integrated level of single-photon detection system and flexibility is improve.
Description
Technical field
This disclosure relates to nuclear detection and nuclear electronics technical field, in particular to a kind of single photon nanoseconds point
Distinguish detection system.
Background technology
Time-resolved X-ray diffraction is the powerful measure of Measurement atom dynamic process and large biological molecule transient buildup, example
Such as, the minor variations that spacing of lattice is milli angstrom level can be provided in picosecond time yardstick, can be straight in the time scale of subpicosecond
Connect the ultrafast fusion process of the Coherent Phonons scattering and crystal in observation crystal.Time resolved spectroscopy technology is research atom, divides
The excitation power of son and condensed state matter, particularly studies the powerful of luminescence kinetics, specifically, difference can be provided
The important information such as the transfer of interaction and excitation energy between center and the passage of deexcitation；Optical physics, photochemical can be tracked
Learn the quick change procedure with photobiology；Excitation state can be can obtain dynamic (dynamical) heavy by the life-span with combined with fluorescent quantum yield
Want parameter, such as the speed constant of excitation state radiation transistion and all radiationless transitions of all deexcitations, determine energy transfer and
The formation of distance, interaction, dimer or complex compound between intramolecular or intermolecular active group；Can be polarized with combined with fluorescent
Spectroscopy speculates shape, size and rotational relaxation time in the solution of large biological molecule etc.；Excitation state can be analyzed
Potential energy curve, vibration relaxation, energy transmission and Luminescence Origin etc..In a word, time resolution experimental applications are quite varied.And it is all same
It is time resolution detector that step radiated time differentiates one of equipment most crucial in testing.Additionally, realizing nanosecond (ns) magnitude
Time resolution detection is the target that synchrotron radiation experimental technique is pursued always.The single photon detection system that X-ray nanoseconds are differentiated
System is the critical system that X-ray differentiates experiment, and its performance determines the precision of time resolution experiment.
Existing X-ray nanoseconds resolving detection system is based on avalanche photodide (APD) and nuclear electronics machine
What case plug-in unit (NIM plug-in systems) was realized.The system architecture is complicated, and integrated level is low, and function is simple, it is impossible to realize polynary or battle array
The integrated and optimization of row system.The detection system of nuclear electronics plug-in unit completion is additionally based on, by electronics time measuring circuit
Limitation, in a time detection cycle, is merely able to realize the detection of single example.Such as current United States advanced light source (APS) core
The time resolution detection system that resonance scattering experiment centre is used, can only visit to after time measurement trigger signal a photon
Survey, if multi-photon reaches detection system, only record first photon, other photons are ignored.
Given this, it is desirable to provide a kind of new single-photon detection system.
It should be noted that information is only used for strengthening the reason of background of this disclosure disclosed in above-mentioned background section
Solution, therefore can include not constituting the information to prior art known to persons of ordinary skill in the art.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the disclosure is to provide a kind of single-photon detection system, and then is at least overcome to a certain extent due to phase
One or more problem caused by the limitation of pass technology and defect.
According to an aspect of this disclosure, there is provided a kind of single-photon detection system, including：
APD detecting modules, for being detected to X-ray single photon signal and are exported detectable signal；
Pre-amplifying module, for receiving the detectable signal of APD detecting modules output and to the detection letter
Exported after number being amplified；And
Time measurement and module is read, for receiving the detectable signal of pre-amplifying module output and including a starting
The trigger signal of point, and for measure the detectable signal that receives and the starting point time interval and will be described when
Between be spaced output.
In a kind of exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the APD detecting modules include single tube APD detectors or array
APD detectors.
In a kind of exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the APD detecting modules also include providing voltage needed for APD work
Power circuit；Wherein, the circuit board of the power circuit and the pre-amplifying module is arranged in the way of a point groove separates
In one shielding box.
In a kind of exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the pre-amplifying module includes：
Multiple amplifiers, for being amplified step by step to the detectable signal that the APD detecting modules are exported；And
Multiple π types resistor networks, each π type resistor network in the multiple π types resistor network is all connected to two
Between the adjacent amplifier.
In a kind of exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the time measurement and reading module include：
Operational amplifier, for receiving the detectable signal of the pre-amplifying module output, and adjusts the preceding storing
Exported after the polarity and size of the detectable signal of big module output；
Discriminator, the detectable signal for receiving the operational amplifier output, and it is defeated to screen the operational amplifier
The pulse front edge of the detectable signal for going out；And
Time-to-digit converter, for receiving the detectable signal of discriminator output and institute including the starting point
State trigger signal, and between measuring the time between the pulse front edge and the starting point of the detectable signal of the discriminator output
Every.
In a kind of exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, realize that the time figure turns by FPGA multiphase clock methods
Parallel operation.
In a kind of exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the time measurement and reading module also include：
Phaselocked loop, generates for detecting for receiving the trigger signal, and after carrying out frequency multiplication to the trigger signal
Multiple clock signals of the pulse front edge of the detectable signal of discriminator output are stated, and is configured between the multiple clock signal
Phase difference so that the time of the pulse front edge difference of two neighboring clock signal is not more than 1ns in the multiple clock signal；
Wherein, the detectable signal and the time interval of the starting point that the measurement is received include will be according to described
The time that the count results of trigger signal are obtained is combined with the time detected by the clock signal, to realize to the examination
The measurement of the time interval between the pulse front edge and the starting point of the detectable signal of device output.
In a kind of exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the multiple clock signal is the clock that 4 phase differences are 90 degree
Signal.
In a kind of exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the frequency of the trigger signal is not less than 125MHz.
In a kind of exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the time measurement and reading module also include：
Simultaneously be sent to for the time interval of storage upper by pushup storage, the time interval measured for storage
Machine.
In the technical scheme that some embodiments of the present disclosure are provided, by the way that single-photon detection system is configured to include
APD detecting modules, pre-amplifying module and time measurement and reading module, are improve the integrated level of single-photon detection system
While with flexibility, on the one hand, the sensor that APD is detected as x-ray photon, quick time response can be obtained；
On the other hand, by configuring pre-amplifying module, the signal to noise ratio of single photon signal is improve, ensures that the essence of timi requirement
True property；Another further aspect, measures and reads module, it is possible to achieve continuous photon signal after a time starting point by setup time
Time records.
It should be appreciated that the general description of the above and detailed description hereinafter are only exemplary and explanatory, not
The disclosure can be limited.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing herein is merged in specification and constitutes the part of this specification, shows the implementation for meeting the disclosure
Example, and it is used to explain the principle of the disclosure together with specification.It should be evident that drawings in the following description are only the disclosure
Some embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can also basis
These accompanying drawings obtain other accompanying drawings.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 diagrammatically illustrates the module frame chart of the single-photon detection system of the illustrative embodiments according to the disclosure；
Fig. 2 diagrammatically illustrates the APD detecting modules 10 and preposition amplification mould of the illustrative embodiments according to the disclosure
The circuit diagram of block 20；
Fig. 3 diagrammatically illustrates the power circuit of the APD detecting modules 10 of the illustrative embodiments according to the disclosure
The assembling schematic diagram of the circuit board of circuit board and pre-amplifying module 20；
Fig. 4 diagrammatically illustrates the logic relation picture for carrying out time measurement of the illustrative embodiments according to the disclosure；
Fig. 5 diagrammatically illustrates the time measurement of the illustrative embodiments according to the disclosure and reads the circuit of module 30
Figure；And
Fig. 6 diagrammatically illustrates the time measurement of the illustrative embodiments according to the disclosure and reads the work of module 30
Flow chart.
Specific embodiment
Example embodiment is described more fully with referring now to accompanying drawing.However, example embodiment can be with various shapes
Formula is implemented, and is not understood as limited to example set forth herein；Conversely, thesing embodiments are provided so that the disclosure will more
Fully and completely, and by the design of example embodiment those skilled in the art is comprehensively conveyed to.Described feature, knot
Structure or characteristic can be combined in one or more implementation methods in any suitable manner.In the following description, there is provided perhaps
Many details are so as to provide fully understanding for implementation method of this disclosure.It will be appreciated, however, by one skilled in the art that can
Omit one or more in the specific detail to put into practice the technical scheme of the disclosure, or other sides can be used
Method, constituent element, device, step etc..In other cases, be not shown in detail or describe known solution a presumptuous guest usurps the role of the host avoiding and
So that each side of the disclosure thickens.
Additionally, accompanying drawing is only the schematic illustrations of the disclosure, it is not necessarily drawn to scale.Identical accompanying drawing mark in figure
Note represents same or similar part, thus will omit repetition thereof.Some block diagrams shown in accompanying drawing are work(
Energy entity, not necessarily must be corresponding with physically or logically independent entity.These work(can be realized using software form
Energy entity, or these functional entitys are realized in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuit, or at heterogeneous networks and/or place
These functional entitys are realized in reason device device and/or microcontroller device.
Fig. 1 diagrammatically illustrates the module frame chart of the single-photon detection system of the illustrative embodiments according to the disclosure.
With reference to Fig. 1, the single-photon detection system of the illustrative embodiments according to the disclosure can include APD detecting modules
10th, pre-amplifying module 20 and time measurement and reading module 30.Wherein, APD detecting modules 10 can be believed X-ray single photon
Number detected and exported a detectable signal；The input of pre-amplifying module 20 is coupled with the output end of APD detecting modules 10,
Can be used for receiving the detectable signal of the output of APD detecting modules 10 and being amplified the detectable signal；Time measurement and reading
The input of module 30 is coupled with the output end of pre-amplifying module 20, can be used for receiving the spy of the output of pre-amplifying module 20
Signal and the trigger signal including a starting point are surveyed, and can be used for measuring the detectable signal and the starting for receiving
The time interval of point simultaneously exports the time interval.
By configuring APD detecting modules 10, on the one hand, quick time response performance can be obtained, on the other hand, due to
The characteristics of process for fabrication of semiconductor device, the integrated level of system can be significantly improved, had in order to detecting module is manufactured into
Multiple probe units or array probe unit；By configuring pre-amplifying module 20, by the output signal of APD detecting modules 10
High speed amplification is carried out, it is ensured that the temporal information of photon signal, so as to improve the accuracy and signal to noise ratio of timi requirement；Pass through
Setup time measures and reads module 30, it is possible to achieve the time record of continuous photon signal after a time starting point.
However, this illustrative embodiments can also include being favorably improved other moulds of single-photon detection system performance
Annexation between block, and these modules can change, and not do particular determination in this illustrative embodiments to this.
Fig. 2 diagrammatically illustrates the APD detecting modules 10 and preposition amplification mould of the illustrative embodiments according to the disclosure
The circuit diagram of block 20.
With reference to Fig. 2, APD detecting modules 10 can include APD detectors and provide voltage needed for the work of APD detectors
Power circuit.According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, APD detectors can be used for inciding the X-ray list on APD detectors
Photon is ionized, and to generate electron hole pair, the electron hole pair is moved and forms a detectable signal under the electric field.The APD
Detector can be single tube APD detectors or the array APD detectors being made up of single tube APD detectors.And the APD detections
The manufacture method of device can include known semiconductor fabrication, not do particular determination in this illustrative embodiments to this.
In the illustrative embodiments of the disclosure, pre-amplifying module 20 can include three amplifiers 21 and two
π types resistor network 22.For example：
It is the larger amplifier of the bandwidth of 20dB, in this case, three that amplifier 21 may, for example, be fixed gain
The signal amplitude of X-ray single photon (photon energy is 5keV to 20keV) can be amplified to hundred millivolts of magnitudes by amplifier 21, from
And facilitate subsequent module for processing.Additionally, amplifier 21 has for the signal of rising edge very fast (1ns to 5ns) preferably following
Characteristic, is capable of the rising edge information of stick signal.
π types resistor network 22 is connected between two adjacent amplifiers 21, on the one hand, π types resistor network 22 can be right
Input and output impedance is matched, and on the other hand, π types resistor network 22 can be used for isolating in two adjacent amplifiers 21,
So as to be effectively reduced or eliminate issuable concussion between two amplifiers 21.Additionally, π types resistor network 22 only causes small
In the gain reduction of 1dB, thus, the stability of circuit is improve in the case where gain amplifier is had substantially no effect on.
However, the number of amplifier 21 can also be not limited to three, the gain of amplifier 21 in this illustrative embodiments
20dB can also be not limited to, it is contemplated that the factor such as multiplication factor, the matching degree of front and rear module and cost needed for specific, can
To select proper number and the suitable amplifier 21 of gain.
Fig. 3 diagrammatically illustrates the power circuit of the APD detecting modules 10 of the illustrative embodiments according to the disclosure
The assembling schematic diagram of the circuit board of circuit board and pre-amplifying module 20.
With reference to Fig. 3, the back side of the circuit board a of pre-amplifying module 20 can integrally cover copper as ground, and configure in a screen
Cover in a groove of box d.Meanwhile, the circuit board b of the power circuit of APD detecting modules 10 can be only fitted to the another of shielding box d
In groove.Because the voltage for providing the power circuit of voltage needed for the work of APD detectors is generally higher, by the way that the power supply is electric
The circuit board b on the road and circuit board a of pre-amplifying module 20 points of groove separates, and pre-amplifying module 20 can be avoided to be detected with APD
Interference between module 10, so as to improve the stability of pre-amplifying module 20.
However, according to other embodiments of the disclosure, such as barricade c can also be used by APD detecting modules 10
The circuit board of power circuit separates with the circuit board a of pre-amplifying module 20, additionally, the material of shielding box d can be aluminium, but not
It is limited to this, the material of shielding box d can also be that other play the material of shielding action, not be spy in this illustrative embodiments to this
It is different to limit.
Fig. 4 diagrammatically illustrates the logic relation picture for carrying out time measurement of the illustrative embodiments according to the disclosure.
First can using the starting point of a trigger signal as time measurement zero point.In the exemplary embodiment party of the disclosure
In formula, the starting point can be a pulse front edge of the trigger signal, but skilled addressee readily understands that, should
Starting point can also be any instant corresponding time point in the trigger signal, is not limited with this example embodiment.
When the starting point arrives, time measurement process starts, after this, when time measurement and reading module 30 connect
When receiving x-ray photon signal, the time corresponding with the x-ray photon signal can be measured (for example, Δ t1).If continued
There is x-ray photon signal to reach, then can continue to measure the corresponding time (for example, Δ t2), until trigger signal
Untill next pulse forward position reaches, the time measurement of a cycle is completed.Hereafter, next cycle can be proceeded by
Time measurement.For example, for Δ t in Fig. 43The time of measuring of corresponding x-ray photon signal, those skilled in the art should manage
Solution, the time of measuring is Δ t3Time sum corresponding with the cycle count of the trigger signal since the starting point.Will triggering
The cycle count corresponding time of signal is combined with the measured time in specific measure the cycle, and then can obtain any X
The time of measuring of ray photons signal, it is ensured that all photons after to starting point carry out time record, such that it is able to solve to lose
The problem of inactivating signal.
Fig. 5 diagrammatically illustrates the time measurement of the illustrative embodiments according to the disclosure and reads the circuit of module 30
Figure.
With reference to shown in Fig. 5, time measurement and reading module 30 can include operational amplifier 31, discriminator 32 and base
In the time-to-digit converter (TDC) 33 of FPGA.
Operational amplifier 31 can be used for receiving the detectable signal of the output of pre-amplifying module 20, and adjust what is received
The polarity and size of detectable signal, so as to export the detectable signal for being suitable to the examination of discriminator 32.
Discriminator 32 can be used for receiving the detectable signal of the output of operational amplifier 31, and it is defeated to screen operational amplifier 31
The pulse front edge of the detectable signal for going out.
Time-to-digit converter 33 can be used for receiving the detectable signal of the output of discriminator 32 and touching including starting point
Signal, and measure the time interval between the pulse front edge and starting point of the detectable signal of the output of discriminator 32.
In the illustrative embodiments of the disclosure, time-to-digit converter 33 can be by FPGA multiphase clock methods
To realize, the advantage of the TDC based on FPGA is that several roads, tens tunnels even roads up to a hundred can be realized on a fpga chip
TDC, greatly reduces the scale of system, improves the flexibility of system.However, it is also possible to exist it is various realize time figure turn
The mode of parallel operation, this illustrative embodiments are not limited thereto.
In FPGA multiphase clock methods, for example, can be given birth to after phaselocked loop (PLL) carries out frequency multiplication to trigger signal
Into multiple clock signals of the pulse front edge of the detectable signal for detecting discriminator output, and configure the multiple clock letter
Phase difference between number so that the time of the pulse front edge difference of two neighboring clock signal is little in the multiple clock signal
In 1ns.Hereafter, the time that will be obtained according to the cycle count result of trigger signal and the time knot in clock signal detection
Close, to realize the measurement of the time interval between the pulse front edge and starting point to the detectable signal of discriminator output.Additionally, can
Stored to pushup storage (fifo) with by the time measured value, then host computer is sent to by a communication protocol.
In addition, time measurement and reading module 30 can also include digital analog converter (DAC) 34, digital-to-analogue conversion
Device 34 can be used for being adjusted the examination amplitude of discriminator 32.Additionally, time measurement and reading module 30 can also include
Some peripheral auxiliary units, for example, power subsystem, data transfer dispensing unit, Analog-digital Converter (ADC) unit etc., these
Unit may reside in detection system as the elementary cell of time measurement and reading module 30.
The disclosure will be described in detail by specific embodiment and with reference to accompanying drawing below.
With reference to Fig. 2, APD sensors can select the C30703FH APD of Excelitas companies, the sense of the APD sensors
Light area is 10mm × 10mm, can have preferable detection efficient to the x-ray photon of 5keV to 20keV.In order to protect APD
Sensor, APD sensors can connect a resistance Rb=470k Ω, play metering function.
In pre-amplifying module 20, amplifier 21 can use the mar6+ radio frequency amplifiers of MINI Circuit companies,
Bandwidth can be from DC to 2GHz, and signal gain of the radio frequency amplifier below 1GHz working frequencies can be 20dB, and satisfaction is received
The bandwidth demand of second level rising edge signal.Pre-amplifying module 20 additionally uses π type resistor networks, wherein, π types resistor network can be with
Including resistance R1、R2And R3.Although because the π types resistor network has that signal is decayed by a small margin and causes to sacrifice portion
Divide gain, but improve the stability of system.π types resistor network carries out the necessary impedance matching that decays to signal power, otherwise can
Form standing wave or reflection, specifically, the input of π type resistor networks should match with the output impedance of signal, output end should with bear
Carry impedance matching.Here, input impedance and output impedance can be 50 Ω, then input impedance
Zin=R2P(R1+R3P50 Ω)=50 Ω
Wherein, R2And R3Identical numerical value is taken, as available from the above equation
π types resistor network is decayed according to N dB, then
Wherein, R1=10 Ω, R2=R3=300 Ω, the gain reduction amount that can obtain one-level π type resistor networks is
0.28dB.Because the gain of mar6+ radio frequency amplifiers is 20dB, therefore the overall gain of pre-amplifying module 20 is about 59dB, whole
The gain of individual pre-amplifying module 20 is not influenceed by π type resistor networks substantially.
With reference to Fig. 3, the circuit board b of the power circuit of circuit board a and the APD detecting module 10 of pre-amplifying module 20 can be with
Configuration is in two different grooves of shielding box d, it is to avoid the interference between pre-amplifying module 20 and APD detecting modules 10,
The circuit board a of pre-amplifying module 20 can integrally cover copper as ground simultaneously, it is ensured that good ground connection performance so that APD is visited
Survey device working stability, it is to avoid self-oscillation occurs.
As shown in figure 5, the signal of the output of pre-amplifying module 20 is transferred into operational amplifier 31 so that preposition amplification mould
The negative signal pulse of the output of block 20 becomes positive signal pulse after by operational amplifier 31.Discriminator 32 is to the positive signal
Pulse is exported to time-to-digit converter 33 after being screened.
According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the trigger signal that PLL can be with receives frequency as 125MHz, and the triggering is believed
The signal of the 250MHz is divided into the clock signals that 4 phases differ 90 °, every 90 ° of phase difference correspondence by number frequency multiplication to 250MHz
Time be 1ns.The detectable signal that discriminator 32 is exported is detected using 4 clock signals, it is possible to achieve nanosecond
The detection of class precision.It is then possible to the cycle count result of the trigger signal of the time that will be detected and 125MHz obtain when
Between combine, complete to discriminator output detectable signal pulse front edge and starting point between time interval measurement.
In the illustrative embodiments of the disclosure, to meet the time measurement of nanosecond class precision, can be by trigger signal
Frequency selection purposes be 125MHz, but skilled addressee readily understands that, 125MHz is only an example frequency, the triggering
The frequency of signal can be the optional frequency of the time measurement for meeting nsec precision, and the disclosure is not limited.
Additionally, measurement obtained by time interval value can store to FIFO (First Input First Outpu,
First Input First Output), then host computer is sent to by a communication protocol.According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the communication protocol
Can be UDP (UDP), but not limited to this.In addition, the need for according to detection system, the host computer can be clothes
One M signal processing unit of business device, or detection system, does not do particular determination to this in this illustrative embodiments.
Fig. 6 diagrammatically illustrates the time measurement of the illustrative embodiments according to the disclosure and reads the work of module 30
Flow chart.
With reference to Fig. 6, still illustrated so that the frequency of trigger signal is as 125MHz as an example, be the arteries and veins of trigger signal in starting point
In the case of rushing forward position, when starting point arrives, 8ns time measurements counter (Counter_8ns) in a cycle are entered
Row resets, and starts new cycle time count.Meanwhile, the survey that precision is 1ns is determined by leggy 1ns Precision Time measuring units
The amount time.When the pulse front edge of the signal exported by discriminator arrives, leggy 1ns Precision Time measuring units measure the arteries and veins
Time interval Δ t between the starting point in the cycle for rushing forward position and the trigger signal residing for the pulse front edgen, and by the time interval
ΔtnCorresponding with 8ns time measurement counters time combines, so as to obtain measurement result, and by the measurement result export to
Fifo, waits the reading to the measurement result.Before the next pulse forward position of trigger signal is arrived, 8ns time measurement meters
Number device is not reset, and time measurement is carried out with the pulse front edge to next x-ray photon signal in this trigger signal cycle.At this
In the case of kind, TDC can carry out time measurement to all photon signals arrived after starting point, prevent losing for photon signal
Lose.
Those skilled in the art will readily occur to its of the disclosure after considering specification and putting into practice invention disclosed herein
Its implementation method.The application is intended to any modification, purposes or the adaptations of the disclosure, these modifications, purposes or
Person's adaptations follow the general principle of the disclosure and including the undocumented common knowledge in the art of the disclosure
Or conventional techniques.Description and embodiments are considered only as exemplary, and the true scope of the disclosure and spirit will by right
Ask and point out.
It should be appreciated that the disclosure is not limited to the precision architecture for being described above and being shown in the drawings, and
And can without departing from the scope carry out various modifications and changes.The scope of the present disclosure is only limited by appended claim.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of single-photon detection system, it is characterised in that including：
APD detecting modules, for being detected to X-ray single photon signal and are exported detectable signal；
Pre-amplifying module, for receiving the detectable signal of APD detecting modules output and entering to the detectable signal
Row is exported after amplifying；And
Time measurement and module is read, for receiving the detectable signal of pre-amplifying module output and including a starting point
Trigger signal, and for measuring the time interval of the detectable signal that receives and the starting point and by between the time
Every output.
2. single-photon detection system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the APD detecting modules include single tube APD
Detector or array APD detectors.
3. single-photon detection system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the APD detecting modules also include providing
The power circuit of voltage needed for APD work；Wherein, the circuit board of the power circuit and the pre-amplifying module with point groove every
The mode opened is arranged in a shielding box.
4. single-photon detection system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the pre-amplifying module includes：
Multiple amplifiers, for being amplified step by step to the detectable signal that the APD detecting modules are exported；And
Multiple π types resistor networks, each the π type resistor network in the multiple π types resistor network be all connected to two it is adjacent
The amplifier between.
5. single-photon detection system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the time measurement and read module bag
Include：
Operational amplifier, for receiving the detectable signal of the pre-amplifying module output, and adjusts the preposition amplification mould
Exported after the polarity and size of the detectable signal of block output；
Discriminator, for receiving the detectable signal of the operational amplifier output, and screens the operational amplifier output
The pulse front edge of detectable signal；And
Time-to-digit converter, touches for receiving the detectable signal of the discriminator output and described including the starting point
Signal, and measure the time interval between the pulse front edge and the starting point of the detectable signal of the discriminator output.
6. single-photon detection system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that realized by FPGA multiphase clocks method
The time-to-digit converter.
7. single-photon detection system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the time measurement and read module and also wrap
Include：
Phaselocked loop, generates for detecting the Zhen for receiving the trigger signal, and after carrying out frequency multiplication to the trigger signal
Multiple clock signals of the pulse front edge of the detectable signal of other device output, and configure the phase between the multiple clock signal
Difference so that the time of the pulse front edge difference of two neighboring clock signal is not more than 1ns in the multiple clock signal；
Wherein, the detectable signal and the time interval of the starting point that the measurement is received include will be according to the triggering
The time that the count results of signal are obtained is combined with the time detected by the clock signal, defeated to the discriminator to realize
The measurement of the time interval between the pulse front edge of the detectable signal for going out and the starting point.
8. single-photon detection system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the multiple clock signal is 4 phases
Difference is 90 degree of clock signal.
9. single-photon detection system according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the frequency of the trigger signal is not less than
125MHz。
10. single-photon detection system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the time measurement and read module also
Including：
The time interval of storage is simultaneously sent to host computer by pushup storage, the time interval measured for storage.
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| CN114325094A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-12 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Phase information measuring device and method |
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