CN104052552A - Large-diameter super-conduction weak-light receiver - Google Patents
Large-diameter super-conduction weak-light receiver Download PDFInfo
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- CN104052552A CN104052552A CN201410265234.9A CN201410265234A CN104052552A CN 104052552 A CN104052552 A CN 104052552A CN 201410265234 A CN201410265234 A CN 201410265234A CN 104052552 A CN104052552 A CN 104052552A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-diameter super-conduction weak-light receiver which comprises an optical fiber, a super-conduction detector, a collimating lens and a light beam compressing unit. The collimating lens and the light beam compressing unit are arranged between the optical fiber and the super-conduction detector in sequence. The light beam compressing unit comprises a plurality of optical elements which are arranged in sequence, the optical element and the optical fiber are coaxially fixed. In the transmission direction of photons, the numerical value diameters of the optical elements are increased gradually. The detecting range is 15 microns-200 microns, system efficiency of the super-conduction detector on large-space-distribution optical signal detecting can be improved, an existing single mode fiber coupling mode can be improved into multi-mode fiber coupling mode, accordingly, the system performance of the super-conduction detector on space photon detecting is greatly improved, and the application of the large-diameter super-conduction weak-light receiver in the fields such as the fundamental research of fluorescence detection, space communication and the like, industries and national defense is promoted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of weak light detection system, particularly a kind of heavy caliber superconduction low light level receiver and corresponding cryogenic system and measuring circuit.
Background technology
It is a kind of singl e photon detection technology of based superconductive film that superconducting single-photon detects, and has that recovery time is short, dark counting is low, little signal to noise ratio is high and the simple advantage of testing circuit.
Because the critical temperature of superconductor is all very low, for the preparation of the only 10k left and right of critical temperature of the ultra-thin niobium nitride film of superconducting single-photon detector, therefore its working temperature all will arrive liquid helium warm area conventionally.Search coverage is all at low temperature environment, so must, photon transmission to low temperature environment, also signal will be exported from low temperature environment.
Due to the superconducting nano-wire that the search coverage of superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector is serpentine structure, detection area is larger, and the length of device nano wire is just longer, and device dynamic inductance is larger, and the speed of detection of device is just lower.Meanwhile, improve device area and also can be geometric progression reduction device yield, greatly increase device and prepare difficulty.Therefore, the search coverage of superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector is all less than or equal to 10 microns × 10 microns conventionally.This size only can meet height converging beam to be surveyed, and compatible with single mode fiber coupled system, can not meet free space photon and survey, and has seriously limited the application of superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector.
A kind of method of improving photon coupling by laser beam compression.But, for superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector, chip is in cryogenic system, due to the cryogenic system limited space of superconducting single-photon detector, conventional optical lens can not be installed, more cannot in cryogenic system, finely tune light path, and free light path may be transmitted radiation and causes the unstable of cryogenic system.
Therefore, conventional laser beam compression can not be applied and superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: provide a kind of heavy caliber superconduction low light level receiver, to solve the defect that prior art investigative range is little, system effectiveness is low.
Technical scheme: a kind of heavy caliber superconduction low light level receiver, comprise optical fiber and superconductor detector, be sequentially arranged between described optical fiber and superconductor detector with collimating lens and laser beam compression unit;
Described laser beam compression unit comprise several sequentially arrange and with the fixing optical element of described fiber-coaxial; Along the direction of photon transmission, the numerical aperture of optical element increases gradually.
Described laser beam compression unit is sequentially combined by concavees lens, convex lens, concave mirror and convex reflecting mirror.
The working temperature interval of optical element used is 0.1-100K.Described detector surveyed area is of a size of 0.1-10 times of squeezed light spot size.Described optical element is that diameter is not more than the inorganic material of 15cm or the lenticule that metal material is made.The numerical aperture of described optical fiber is 0.1-0.2; The numerical aperture of described collimating lens is 0.1-0.5; The numerical aperture of described optical element is 0.1-0.86.
The present invention has realized the high efficiency photon coupling of the extreme environment multimode fibers such as vacuum and low temperature to superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector; Realize transmission and the laser beam compression of free space photon by multimode fiber and optical element, realize superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector heavy caliber light-receiving.
Beneficial effect: investigative range of the present invention is 15-200 micron, can improve the system effectiveness of superconductor detector for the larger optical signal detecting of spatial distribution, and existing Single-Mode Fiber Coupling pattern can be brought up to multimode fiber coupled mode, therefore greatly improve the systematic function of superconductor detector to space photon detection, promoted its application in fields such as the basic research such as fluoroscopic examination, space communication, industry and national defence.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, heavy caliber superconduction low light level receiver of the present invention mainly comprises for the multimode fiber of photon transmission, photon coupling and superconduction chip, also comprises corresponding cryogenic system and measuring circuit.Wherein, multimode fiber, optical system and superconduction chip are arranged in low temperature temperature environment.
Multimode fiber is at 400-1700nm wave band, and the time jitter of light signal is less than 5ps.Photon transmits by multimode fiber, and the cumulative lens on light bundle of data bore collimates and compress, and the core diameter of 50 microns of multimode fibers is realized to the compression of 25 microns, then the hot spot after focusing on is injected to superconductor detector search coverage.
Superconducting single-photon detector is arranged in cryogenic system, can be operated in infrared, visible and ultraviolet band, and the fluorescence signal receiving is surveyed.Cryogenic system, for superconducting single-photon detector provides 1-5K operational environment, makes the operational environment of superconducting single-photon detector stable.Cryogenic system comprises GM refrigeration machine, liquid helium, vascular refrigerator, He3 refrigeration machine or dilution refrigeration machine, guarantees the temperature composite demand of cryogenic system.
In superconducting single-photon detector, comprise reading circuit, reading circuit comprises low-noise preamplifier, attenuator, power combiner and the power amplifier that circuit connects successively.First superconducting nano-wire carries out signal amplification by a low-noise preamplifier by the photo response signal of the RF output of superconducting single-photon detector, it is impedance matching that this low-noise preamplifier here also has an important function, the signal reflex that prevents the RF end of superconducting single-photon detector causes superconducting nano-wire job insecurity, the gain of this low-noise preamplifier can be finely tuned by its power supply, and attenuator also can be controlled the amplitude of preamplifier output signal.The corresponding incident photon signal of superconductor detector output signal.The bore of above-mentioned whole system is 50 microns, utilizes the present invention, can further increase or reduce as required the bore of optical system, ensures coupling efficiency >85%.
In the above-described embodiments, photon is accepted incident photon signal by multimode fiber, and due to the coupled fiber (single mode) of the more conventional superconductor detector of multimode fiber, core diameter improves greatly, is therefore easy to and other application system compatibilities.The photon of collecting by multimode fiber passes atmospheric pressure-vacuum layer and room temperature-cryosphere by optical fiber, realizes laser beam compression by some optical elements.
In the above-described embodiments, the present invention is including but not limited to cited example.As 50 microns of multimode fiber output beams are compressed to the hot spot after 25 microns, be greater than 85% 15 micron devices except being applicable to coupling efficiency, stand good in the device of 30 microns, coupling efficiency improves approximately 9 times compared with Standard single-mode fiber coupling.
In the above-described embodiments, multiple optical elements are equivalent to an imaging system, and optical fiber light-emitting window is positioned at object plane, and detector surveyed area is positioned at picture plane.Optical fiber light-emitting window is mapped on detector surveyed area, becomes a picture dwindling, and corresponding light beam is realized and being converged.
Particularly, can adopt approximation in geometric optics to calculate these optical element focusing effects.If suppose the equivalent distance of whole optical system
o, equivalent image distance
iand equivalent focal length
f.These parameters meet formula 1/
f=1/
o+ 1
/ i, the enlargement ratio of whole optical system is
i/o.Therefore,, if adopt the fibre core of 50 microns of multimode fibers, enlargement ratio is 0.5, approximately 25 microns of the spot sizes after converging.Converge size according to this, the search coverage size of design superconductor detector is in 25 micron dimensions.Like this, whole system can realize the high-efficiency transfer coupling of multimode and low-temperature superconducting detector.Due in conjunction with other technologies means, larger sized hot spot can be compressed and is coupled to multimode fiber, therefore this invention solves a superconductor detector photon coupling difficult problem.
In other embodiments, the range of each element is: multimode fiber: 0.1-0.25, collimating lens: 0.1-0.5, optical element: 0.1-0.86, and meet multimode fiber < collimating lens < optical element condition.For example multimode fiber 0.22, collimating lens 0.26, optical element 0.36.
In order to solve cryogenic system space problem, this project has adopted lenticule, and the diameter of lens is less than 1cm, and coaxially fixing, and having guaranteed that the large difference variation of 300K is expanded with heat and contract with cold does not affect optical coupling.
By system, realize microlens system compression light beam, realize the high efficiency coupling of device, greatly improve device system efficiency.By the present invention, the bore of Dim light measurement can be brought up to more than 50 microns.After laser beam compression, multimode fiber coupled system efficiency is up to 85%; Exceed 50% by Single-Mode Fiber Coupling system effectiveness.Experiment shows, this scheme can not cause background emission to increase the stability of dark counting and cryogenic system temperature.
The present invention passes through integrated to lenticule and multimode fiber, realize laser beam compression by optical design, in conjunction with coaxial packaging scheme, realize superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector laser beam compression the coupling of high efficiency photon, ensure the steady operation in the particular surroundingss such as this cryogenic vacuum.
More than describe the preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail; but the present invention is not limited to the detail in above-mentioned execution mode, within the scope of technical conceive of the present invention; can carry out multiple equivalents to technical scheme of the present invention, these equivalents all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
External demand is noted that each the concrete technical characterictic described in above-mentioned embodiment, in reconcilable situation, can combine by any suitable mode.For fear of unnecessary repetition, the present invention is to the explanation no longer separately of various possible compound modes.
Claims (6)
1. a heavy caliber superconduction low light level receiver, comprises optical fiber and superconductor detector, it is characterized in that, also comprise be sequentially arranged between described optical fiber and superconductor detector with collimating lens and laser beam compression unit;
Described laser beam compression unit comprise several sequentially arrange and with the fixing optical element of described fiber-coaxial; Along the direction of photon transmission, the numerical aperture of optical element increases gradually.
2. heavy caliber superconduction low light level receiver as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described laser beam compression unit is sequentially combined by concavees lens, convex lens, concave mirror and convex reflecting mirror.
3. heavy caliber superconduction low light level receiver as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, the working temperature interval of optical element used is 0.1-100K.
4. the heavy caliber superconduction low light level receiver as described in claims 1 to 3 any one, is characterized in that, described detector surveyed area is of a size of 0.1-10 times of squeezed light spot size.
5. the heavy caliber superconduction low light level receiver as described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that, described optical element is that diameter is not more than the inorganic material of 15cm or the lenticule that metal material is made.
6. heavy caliber superconduction low light level receiver as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, the numerical aperture of described optical fiber is 0.1-0.2; The numerical aperture of described collimating lens is 0.1-0.5; The numerical aperture of described optical element is 0.1-0.86.
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| CN201410265234.9A CN104052552A (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2014-06-13 | Large-diameter super-conduction weak-light receiver |
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| CN201410265234.9A CN104052552A (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2014-06-13 | Large-diameter super-conduction weak-light receiver |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106054206A (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2016-10-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Target azimuth measurement system and method based on quantum balance zero-difference detection |
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