CN103343272A - Calcium and cerium added flame-retardant magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Calcium and cerium added flame-retardant magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a calcium and cerium added flame-retardant magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof. The flame-retardant magnesium alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 85.90-88.03% of Mg, 8.18-9.15% of Al, 0.43-0.87% of Zn, 0.16-0.38% of Mn, 2.20-2.50% of Ca, 1.00-1.20% of Ce. The preparation method of the alloy is implemented through compositely adding Mg (29.9wt% of Ca)-Mg (30.8wt% of Ce) intermediate alloy into an AZ91D magnesium alloy melt, so that a dense protective oxide film is generated on the surface of the magnesium alloy melt, thereby preventing the alloying approach of magnesium alloy burning; the magnesium alloy can be smelted under the condition of no fusing agent or gas protection measures. Through carrying out an appropriate heat treatment process on a magnesium alloy sample, the cast magnesium alloy disclosed by the invention both has good flame retardant properties and good mechanical properties.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of antiflaming magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof, especially a kind of interpolation calcium, cerium antiflaming magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof belong to non-ferrous metal preparation method's technical field.
Background technology
Magnesium alloy materials is considered to " green material " of tool development and application potentiality of 21 century, have high specific tenacity, specific rigidity, good demagnetization and damping property, and be easy to cutting, moulding, therefore have broad application prospects in fields such as aerospace, automotive industry, electronics technologies.But therefore magnesium alloy must take the certain protection measure in melting, the easy oxidation of casting process and burning.At the shortcoming of the easy oxidation of magnesium alloy, burning, researcher was successively studied the preparation method of multiple magnesium alloy both at home and abroad.Present stage, main flame resistant method roughly is divided into three kinds: the method for flux-covering, gas protection method and alloying ignition-proof.All inevitably there are environmental pollution in flux-covering and gas protection method, equipment is complicated and can not protect moulding and the course of processing.Alloying ignition-proof reduces and pollutes because have and improve magnesium alloy production efficiency, the unrivaled advantage of additive method such as reduce production costs and the main direction of studying of present antiflaming magnesium alloy of becoming.Alloying ignition-proof has not only stoped the burning of magnesium alloy smelting and cast, and machining and magnesium-alloy material the part aerial fire-retardant and anti-oxidation problem follow-up to drip molding also have very important science and Practical significance.
The 1950's, the research and development of antiflaming magnesium alloy are proposed both at home and abroad, its cardinal principle is to add in the magnesium alloy an amount of hypoxemia position alloying element (being that the avidity of itself and oxygen is greater than the avidity of magnesium and oxygen), make magnesium alloy in melting, casting process, generate the complex oxide film of one deck densification automatically, thereby stop the further oxidizing fire of magnesium alloy.The Sakamoto of industrial research institute of EMUs for Kyushu of Japan country and the people such as Fukuoka of Kyushu University have early studied Ca and have fired Effect on Performance for alloy resistance magnesium.After in magnesium alloy, adding the Ca element merely, its general trend is that to contain more high its flame retardant resistance of Ca amount more good, but experimental results demonstrate the increase of Ca content, the intermetallic compound that can occur rich Ca on the crystal boundary, the mechanical property of alloy is reduced, contain further applying of Ca antiflaming magnesium alloy thereby hindered.Huang Xiaofeng etc. discover, the adding of Ce element has important effect to improving the AZ91D alloy at the combustion initiation temperature under solid-state, and along with the raising of the add-on of Ce in the alloy, the combustion initiation temperature of magnesium alloy raises gradually.
Technology formerly, " a kind of rare earth flame resistance magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof " of publication number CN101629261A prepared the Mg-Y-Dy antiflaming magnesium alloy, and its chemical ingredients (in massfraction wt.%) is: Mg 96.0 ~ 98.19%, Y 0.31 ~ 0.5%, and Dy 1.5 ~ 3.5%.But manufacturing process is complicated, and Y and Dy are rare earth element, and production cost is higher.
Technology formerly, " fireproof cast magnesium alloy " of publication number CN1540016A produces the Mg-Al-Zn-Mn-Be-Re antiflaming magnesium alloy, its chemical ingredients (in massfraction wt.%) is: Al 6.5～10%, and Zn 0.1～1.5%, and Mn 0.05～0.3%, Be 0～0.2%, and all the other are Mg.Added the Be element in this patent of invention, the interpolation of Be can make that magnesium alloy crystal grain is thick, moulding, toughness sharply descends and the tendency of hot tearing; Be has certain toxicity in addition, and is not only harmful, and discarded slag also endangers environment.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, propose a kind of antiflaming magnesium alloy that adds calcium, cerium.The preparation method of this alloy is compound interpolation Mg-29.9Ca(wt.%), Mg-30.8Ce(wt.%) master alloy is in the AZ91D magnesium alloy fused mass; make the magnesium alloy fused mass surface generate fine and close protective oxide film; thereby stop the alloying approach of magnesium alloy burning, the antiflaming magnesium alloy of this invention can melting and cast under no flux or gas shield measure.By magnesium alloy sample is carried out proper heat treatment technology, make cast magnesium alloys of the present invention not only have good flame retardancy but also good mechanical is arranged again.Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of interpolation calcium, cerium antiflaming magnesium alloy, its elementary composition Mg, Al, Zn, Mn, Ca and Ce of comprising, the per-cent of its ingredients constitute alloy total mass is respectively: Mg 85.90～88.03, Al 8.18～9.15, Zn 0.43～0.87, Mn 0.16～0.38, Ca 2.20～2.50, Ce 1.00～1.20.
The preparation method of described interpolation calcium, cerium antiflaming magnesium alloy comprises the steps:
(1), the melting of antiflaming magnesium alloy and cast
Be that magnesium ingot, aluminium ingot, zinc ingot metal, manganese ingot, Mg-29.9Ca(wt.% are calculated and taken by weighing in Mg:Al:Zn:Mn:Ca:Ce=85.90～88.03:8.18～9.15:0.43～0.87:0.16～0.38:2.20～2.50:1.00～1.20 respectively according to the element mass ratio) master alloy and Mg-30.8Ce(wt.%) the corresponding quality of master alloy.
The resistance furnace Heating temperature is set to 750 ℃, and crucible is preheated to 500 ℃ of pure magnesium ingots adds in this crucible in resistance furnace, again this crucible is put in the resistance furnace under mixed gas protected, after treating that pure magnesium all melts, add other raw material more respectively, wherein Ca and Ce element are respectively with Mg-29.9Ca(wt.%), Mg-30.8Ce(wt.%) form of master alloy adds; When raw material all after the fusing, stir alloy liquid and make its composition even, the residue that will float over when stirring above this liquid magnesium alloy removes, at last, temperature is controlled at 710～720 ℃, leave standstill 10～20 minutes after, push slag aside, and be poured into rapidly in the mould of preheating.
(2), the thermal treatment of antiflaming magnesium alloy
At first foundry goods is processed into the cylindrical rod of Φ 12 * 90mm, sample is put in the plumbago crucible, and add Graphite Powder 99 sample is all covered, then crucible is put in 420 ℃ of Ovenized resistance furnaces, solution treatment 20 hours makes intermetallic compound fully solid solution mutually, then the sample after the solid solution is carried out the normal temperature shrend, sample after quenching is put into 200 ℃ waited in the temperature type resistance furnaces artificial aging 30 hours, obtain adding the high strong-toughness fire-resisting magnesium alloy of calcium, cerium.
Described hybrid protection gas consist of volume percent 99.5%CO
2With 0.5% SF
6
All raw materials all are known, can be by being purchased or other common approaches acquisitions; Wherein the purity of raw material is: magnesium ingot is 99.99%, aluminium ingot is 99.95%, zinc ingot metal is 99.95%, the manganese ingot is 99.99%.Used equipment is common chemical metallurgy equipment.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following remarkable advantage: 1. under the situation that does not have flux or gas shield, also namely directly can realize under the condition of melting in atmosphere; Do not need to be directly used in die casting under the condition of anti-flaming measure; Just can thermal treatment in air under the condition of measure of not needing protection, High Speed Machining.2. compound interpolation proper C a, Ce carry out fire-retardantly to magnesium alloy fused mass, have saved cost.3. add proper amount of rare-earth Elements C e among the present invention, magnesium alloy is had good rotten and thinning effect.4. magnesium alloy of the present invention, under the metal gravity pouring condition, greater than 5%, Vickers' hardness is greater than 100 greater than 170Mpa, elongation for its room temperature tensile strength.5. do not have toxic substance in the alloy, do not pollute to the harm of human body with to environment.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is 100 times of metallographic structure photos of AZ91D as cast condition;
Fig. 2 is AZ91D-2.5Ca-1.2Ce(wt.% among the embodiment one) 100 times of metallographic structure photos after the thermal treatment;
Fig. 3 is AZ91D-2.5Ca-1.2Ce(wt.% among the embodiment one) XRD thing phasor after the thermal treatment.
Embodiment
Alloy of the present invention is compound interpolation Mg-29.9Ca(wt.% in the melt of the material that the AZ91D magnesium alloy is formed), Mg-30.8Ce(wt.%) master alloy, add ignition-proof element Ca, Ce and can be applied to actual alloy designations.Described AZ91D magnesium alloy is the most common, the most widely used trade mark of magnesium alloy, its composition proportion such as following table:
| Alloy nomenclature | Mg | Al | Zn | Mn | Si | Cu | Ni | Fe |
| AZ91D | Surplus | 8.5-9.5 | 0.45-0.90 | 0.17-0.4 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.025 | ≤0.001 | ≤0.004 |
Embodiment one:
The preparation AZ91D-2.5Ca-1.2Ce(wt.%) composition, take by weighing purity respectively and be 99.99% magnesium ingot 289.75g, purity is 99.95% aluminium ingot 31.01g, purity is 99.95% zinc ingot metal 2.70g, purity is 99.99% manganese ingot 1.18g, Mg-29.9Ca(wt.%) master alloy 30.94g, Mg-30.8Ce(wt.%) the master alloy material that the present invention relates to of master alloy 14.42g(is all available from Hunan Research Institute of Non-ferrous Metals);
2. crucible electrical resistance furnace being set Heating temperature is 750 ℃, when crucible is preheated to 500 ℃, adds in the step 1 load weighted magnesium ingot in advance in the crucible, again this crucible is being consisted of volume percent 99.5%CO
2With 0.5% SF
6Put in the resistance furnace under the atmosphere of hybrid protection gas, treat that magnesium ingot all melts the back and adds other starting material that weigh up in advance;
3. treat that starting material in the crucible all after the fusing, stir magnesium alloy fused mass and make its composition even, remove the scum silica frost of bath surface, temperature control was left standstill 15 minutes at 710 ~ 720 ℃, push slag aside, be poured into preheating temperature rapidly and be in 300 ℃ the mould;
4. adopt T6 to handle: solid solution+artificial aging is handled: the cylindrical rod that at first foundry goods is processed into Φ 12 * 90mm, sample is put in the plumbago crucible, and add Graphite Powder 99 sample is all covered, then crucible is put in 420 ℃ of Ovenized resistance furnaces, solution treatment 20 hours, then the sample after the solid solution is carried out the normal temperature shrend, the sample after quenching is put into 200 ℃ waited in the temperature type resistance furnaces artificial aging 30 hours.
The final product of producing among the embodiment one: AZ91D-2.5Ca-1.2Ce(wt.%), its constituent mass per-cent is respectively 8.38%Al, 0. 730% Zn, 0.32%Mn, 2.50 %Ca, 1.20%Ce, and all the other are Mg.Through analysis of experiments, producing novel magnesium alloy among the embodiment one can melting in 800 ℃ of atmosphere, cast, and combustion phenomena does not take place.Its metallographic structure figure and XRD material phase analysis are shown in Fig. 2,3, the AZ91D-2.5Ca-1.2Ce(wt.% that produces among the embodiment one) obtains tangible refinement with respect to AZ91D crystal grain, second phase constitution obtains good modification effect (from the thick bar-shaped equally distributed thin rod shape that changes into of skewness), and thing is mainly α-Mg, Mg mutually
17Al
12, Al
2Ca, Mg
17Ce
2Detect through mechanical property, its room temperature tensile strength is 186Mpa, and elongation is 5%, and Vickers' hardness is 124.
Wherein, the model that tension test adopts Zwick company to produce is that the material-testing machine of ZK100 is carried out the detection of tensile property, and producing of tension specimen meets GB/T 228.1-2010.The Duramin-A300D microhardness tester that Vickers' hardness adopts Struers company to produce carry out the measurement of Vickers' hardness, and its sample is produced with operating process in strict accordance with the requirement among the GB/T 4340.1-2009.
Embodiment two:
The preparation AZ91D-2.2Ca-1.0Ce(wt.%) composition, take by weighing purity respectively and be 99.99% magnesium ingot 294.93g, purity is 99.95% aluminium ingot 32.00g, purity is 99.95% zinc ingot metal 2.66g, purity is 99.99% manganese ingot 1.18g, Mg-29.9Ca(wt.%) master alloy 27.22g, Mg-30.8Ce(wt.%) master alloy 12.01g;
2. crucible electrical resistance furnace being set Heating temperature is 750 ℃, when crucible is preheated to 500 ℃, adds in the step 1 load weighted magnesium ingot in advance in the crucible, again this crucible is being consisted of volume percent 99.5%CO
2With 0.5% SF
6Put in the resistance furnace under the atmosphere of hybrid protection gas, treat that magnesium ingot all melts the back and adds other starting material that weigh up in advance;
3. treat that starting material in the crucible all after the fusing, stir magnesium alloy fused mass, remove the scum silica frost of bath surface, temperature control was left standstill 15 minutes at 710 ~ 720 ℃, be poured into preheating temperature rapidly and be in 300 ℃ the mould;
4. at first foundry goods is processed into the cylindrical rod of Φ 12 * 90mm, sample is put in the suitable plumbago crucible, and add the suitable amount of graphite powder sample is all covered, then crucible is put in 420 ℃ of Ovenized resistance furnaces, solution treatment 20 hours, then the sample after the solid solution is carried out the normal temperature shrend, the sample after quenching is put into 200 ℃ waited in the temperature type resistance furnaces artificial aging 30 hours.
The final product of producing among the embodiment two: AZ91D-2.2Ca-1.0Ce(wt.%), its constituent mass per-cent is respectively 8.65%Al, 0. 72% Zn, 0.32%Mn, 2.20 %Ca, 1.00%Ce, and all the other are Mg.Through analysis of experiments, producing novel magnesium alloy can melting in 800 ℃ of atmosphere, cast, and combustion phenomena does not take place.Detect through mechanical property, the novel magnesium alloy that embodiment two produces, its room temperature tensile strength is 173Mpa, and elongation is 5%, and Vickers' hardness is 115.
Embodiment three:
The preparation AZ91D-2.3Ca-1.1Ce(wt.%) composition, take by weighing purity respectively and be 99.99% magnesium ingot 291.55g, purity is 99.95% aluminium ingot 32.93g, purity is 99.95% zinc ingot metal 2.74g, purity is 99.99% manganese ingot 1.11g, Mg-29.9Ca(wt.%) master alloy 28.46g, Mg-30.8Ce(wt.%) master alloy 13.21g;
2. crucible electrical resistance furnace being set Heating temperature is 750 ℃, when crucible is preheated to 500 ℃, adds in the step 1 load weighted magnesium ingot in advance in the crucible, again this crucible is being consisted of volume percent 99.5%CO
2With 0.5% SF
6Put in the resistance furnace under the atmosphere of hybrid protection gas, treat that magnesium ingot all melts the back and adds other starting material that weigh up in advance;
3. treat that starting material in the crucible all after the fusing, stir magnesium alloy fused mass, remove the scum silica frost of bath surface, temperature control was left standstill 15 minutes at 710 ~ 720 ℃, be poured into preheating temperature rapidly and be in 300 ℃ the mould;
4. at first foundry goods is processed into the cylindrical rod of Φ 12 * 90mm, sample is put in the suitable plumbago crucible, and add the suitable amount of graphite powder sample is all covered, then crucible is put in 420 ℃ of Ovenized resistance furnaces, solution treatment 20 hours, then the sample after the solid solution is carried out the normal temperature shrend, the sample after quenching is put into 200 ℃ waited in the temperature type resistance furnaces artificial aging 30 hours.
The final product of producing among the embodiment three: AZ91D-2.3Ca-1.1Ce(wt.%), its constituent mass per-cent is respectively 8.90%Al, 0. 74% Zn, 0.30%Mn, 2.30 %Ca, 1.10%Ce, and all the other are Mg.Through analysis of experiments, producing novel magnesium alloy can melting in 800 ℃ of atmosphere, cast, and combustion phenomena does not take place.Detect through mechanical property, the novel magnesium alloy that embodiment three produces, its room temperature tensile strength is 178Mpa, and elongation is 5%, and Vickers' hardness is 118.
Claims (3)
1. one kind is added calcium, cerium antiflaming magnesium alloy, it is characterized by the elementary composition Mg of comprising, Al, Zn, Mn, Ca and Ce, the per-cent of its ingredients constitute alloy total mass is respectively: Mg 85.90～88.03, Al 8.18～9.15, Zn 0.43～0.87, Mn 0.16～0.38, Ca 2.20～2.50, Ce 1.00～1.20.
2. the preparation method of interpolation calcium as claimed in claim 1, cerium antiflaming magnesium alloy is characterized by and comprises the steps:
(1), the melting of antiflaming magnesium alloy and cast
Be that magnesium ingot, aluminium ingot, zinc ingot metal, manganese ingot, Mg-29.9Ca(wt.% are calculated and taken by weighing in Mg:Al:Zn:Mn:Ca:Ce=85.90～88.03:8.18～9.15:0.43～0.87:0.16～0.38:2.20～2.50:1.00～1.20 respectively according to the element mass ratio) master alloy and Mg-30.8Ce(wt.%) the corresponding quality of master alloy;
The resistance furnace Heating temperature is set to 750 ℃, and crucible is preheated to 500 ℃ of pure magnesium ingots adds in this crucible in resistance furnace, again this crucible is put in the resistance furnace under mixed gas protected, after treating that pure magnesium all melts, add other its raw materials more respectively, wherein Ca and Ce element are respectively with Mg-29.9Ca(wt.%), Mg-30.8Ce(wt.%) form of master alloy adds; When raw material all after the fusing, stir alloy liquid and make its composition even, the residue that will float over when stirring above this liquid magnesium alloy removes, at last, temperature is controlled at 710～720 ℃, leave standstill 10～20 minutes after, push slag aside, and be poured into rapidly in the mould of preheating;
(2), the thermal treatment of antiflaming magnesium alloy
At first foundry goods is processed into the cylindrical rod of Φ 12 * 90mm, sample is put in the plumbago crucible, and add Graphite Powder 99 sample is all covered, then crucible is put in 420 ℃ of Ovenized resistance furnaces, solution treatment 20 hours makes intermetallic compound fully solid solution mutually, then the sample after the solid solution is carried out the normal temperature shrend, sample after quenching is put into 200 ℃ waited in the temperature type resistance furnaces artificial aging 30 hours, obtain adding the high strong-toughness fire-resisting magnesium alloy of calcium, cerium.
3. the preparation method of interpolation calcium as claimed in claim 2, cerium antiflaming magnesium alloy, what it is characterized by described hybrid protection gas consists of volume percent 99.5%CO
2With 0.5% SF
6
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105177382A (en) * | 2015-10-18 | 2015-12-23 | 河北工业大学 | High-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN106566967A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-04-19 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Inflaming-retarding magnesia-alumina series magnesium alloy and casting method of sand casting of inflaming-retarding magnesia-alumina series magnesium alloy |
| CN108048720A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-18 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | A kind of antiflaming magnesium alloy for adding yttrium, calcium and preparation method thereof |
| WO2018121204A1 (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-05 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | High-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy and preparation method therefor |
| WO2018177168A1 (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2018-10-04 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Magnesium alloy, preparation and moulding methods thereof, and magnesium alloy member |
| CN108866409A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-11-23 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of high corrosion resistance magnesium alloy |
| CN109536798A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2019-03-29 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | A kind of antiflaming magnesium alloy and its preparation method and application |
| CN111411277A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-07-14 | 吉林大学 | Method for improving oxidation resistance of magnesium and magnesium-calcium alloy |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105177382A (en) * | 2015-10-18 | 2015-12-23 | 河北工业大学 | High-strength and high-toughness cast magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN105177382B (en) * | 2015-10-18 | 2016-12-07 | 河北工业大学 | A kind of high-toughness casting magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN106566967A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-04-19 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Inflaming-retarding magnesia-alumina series magnesium alloy and casting method of sand casting of inflaming-retarding magnesia-alumina series magnesium alloy |
| WO2018121204A1 (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-05 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | High-strength flame-retardant magnesium alloy and preparation method therefor |
| WO2018177168A1 (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2018-10-04 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Magnesium alloy, preparation and moulding methods thereof, and magnesium alloy member |
| CN109536798A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2019-03-29 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | A kind of antiflaming magnesium alloy and its preparation method and application |
| CN108048720A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-18 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | A kind of antiflaming magnesium alloy for adding yttrium, calcium and preparation method thereof |
| CN108866409A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-11-23 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of high corrosion resistance magnesium alloy |
| CN111411277A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-07-14 | 吉林大学 | Method for improving oxidation resistance of magnesium and magnesium-calcium alloy |
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