CN103338732A - 用于在温暖气候中使用的女性护理吸收性制品 - Google Patents
用于在温暖气候中使用的女性护理吸收性制品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103338732A CN103338732A CN2012800072742A CN201280007274A CN103338732A CN 103338732 A CN103338732 A CN 103338732A CN 2012800072742 A CN2012800072742 A CN 2012800072742A CN 201280007274 A CN201280007274 A CN 201280007274A CN 103338732 A CN103338732 A CN 103338732A
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- absorbent article
- feminine care
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Abstract
提供了一种女性护理吸收性制品(例如,女性护理垫、卫生巾、卫生棉条等),所述制品采用了用于抑制微生物(例如,细菌、原生动物、酵母、真菌等)生长的抗微生物组合物和用于当抗微生物组合物不再发挥其全部能力时向使用者发出信号的pH传感器的协同组合。以这种方式,最初使用者可以穿戴制品而不必担心感染。在一定时间后,使用者可以目测检查pH传感器的颜色,以获得抗微生物组合物是否仍然具有活性并有效抑制微生物生长,或是否到时间替换或移除该制品的指示。
Description
发明背景
女性阴道天然地被各种细菌、酵母菌和微生物定殖。例如,正常的阴道一般含有超过约104个乳酸杆菌每毫升阴道物质。在正常的情况下,阴道菌群提供了温和的酸性环境,有助于防范病原微生物(例如,阴道加德纳菌(Gardnerella vaginalis),白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)等)的入侵。不幸的是,该阴道平衡可以容易地被各种外部因素打乱,最终导致阴道感染。这样的外部因素的一种可以是气候。例如,在热带气候中,持续温暖的条件可能导致阴道区域附近高度出汗。由于出汗引起的水分含量的增加可以刺激病原微生物的生长,这可能潜在地导致感染。该问题在使用垫或其它女性护理制品的女性生理周期期间可能尤其严重。更具体地,除了吸收月经流体,女性护理制品还可以留存使用者由于出汗而分泌的水分。这种额外水分的存在可能最终会抵消在女性护理制品中使用的任意抗微生物剂的活性。这种恐惧可能导致使用者缺乏对抗微生物剂将按照所需方式发挥作用的信心。
因此,目前需要一种女性护理吸收性制品,所述制品非常适用于温暖气候,并且可以帮助抑制病原微生物的生长,并且还向使用者提供这样的抗微生物系统开始失去或已失去其功效的信号。
发明概述
根据本发明的一个实施方案,公开了一种女性护理吸收性制品,所述制品包括一般地不透液性的层,透液性的层,在一般地不透液性的层和透液性的层之间放置的吸收芯。所述制品还包括位于透液性的层上的抗微生物组合物,和包括pH敏感性组合物的传感器。所述抗微生物组合物包含酸性化合物。此外,所述传感器被整合到制品中,并且被放置以使pH敏感性组合物在与来自制品的使用者的体液连通的流体中。所述pH敏感性组合物包括与体液接触后发生可见颜色变化的发色团,所述可见颜色变化在pH水平约3至约9时发生。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,公开了一种用于确定何时将女性护理吸收性制品从穿戴者移除的方法。所述女性护理吸收性制品包括抗微生物组合物和传感器,其中所述抗微生物组合物包含酸性化合物,所述传感器包含pH敏感性组合物。所述pH敏感性组合物包含在约3至约9的pH范围内发生可见颜色变化的发色团,以使所述pH敏感性组合物在小于约3的pH值显示第一颜色,在约9或更高的pH值显示第二颜色。所述方法包括目测观察传感器以确定pH敏感性组合物是否具有第二颜色,所述第二颜色表明需要移除女性护理吸收性制品。
本发明的其它特征和方面在下面更详细地阐述。
附图的简要说明
参照附图,针对一个本领域普通技术人员,在说明书的其余部分更具体地阐述了本发明的完整的和能够实现的公开,包括其最佳模式,其中:
图1是本发明的女性护理吸收性制品的一个实施方案的俯视图。
在本说明书和附图中重复使用标记符号旨在代表本发明的相同或类似的特征或元素。
代表性实施方案的详细描述
现在将详细参照本发明的各种实施方案,其一个或多个实施例描述如下。每个实施例以解释而不是限制本发明的方式提供。事实上,对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,在不背离本发明的范围或精神的前提下,可以在本发明中做出各种修改和变化。例如,作为一个实施方案的部分说明或描述的特征可以用于另一个实施方案以产生又一个实施方案。因此,本发明旨在覆盖这样的修改和变化。
一般来说,本发明涉及女性护理吸收性制品(例如,女性护理垫、卫生巾、卫生棉条等),所述制品采用了用于抑制微生物(例如,细菌、原生动物、酵母、真菌等)生长的抗微生物组合物,和用于当抗微生物组合物不再发挥其全部能力时向使用者发出信号的pH传感器的协同组合。以这种方式,最初,使用者可以穿戴制品而不必担心感染。在一定时间后,使用者可以目测检查pH传感器的颜色,以获得抗微生物组合物是否仍然具有活性并有效抑制微生物生长,或是否到时间替换或移除该制品的指示。现在将更加详细地描述本发明的各种实施方案。
I.抗微生物组合物
一般地,抗微生物组合物含有一种或多种抗微生物剂。药剂的至少一种是可以帮助维持酸性pH从而抑制阴道中病原体生长的酸性化合物,所述病原体的生长通常被乳酸杆菌和阴道的酸性pH抑制。酸通常可以被认为是“弱的”以使其可以安全地接触使用者的皮肤,但足够强以达到希望的pH水平。在这方面,在25℃下测定时,酸通常具有约0至约8的第一酸解离常数(pKa1),在一些实施方案中为约0.5至约6,在一些实施方案中为约1至约5。这可以导致抗微生物组合物的pH水平为7或更低,在一些实施方案中为约1至约6,在一些实施方案中,为约2至约5。
具有这些特性的特别适合的酸性化合物为羧酸,如脂肪族羧酸、芳香族羧酸、脂肪族-芳香族羧酸等,以及其组合。适合的脂肪族羧酸可以包括,例如,丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、己二酸、马来酸、苹果酸、油酸、酒石酸(例如,右旋酒石酸、内消旋酒石酸等)、柠檬酸、甲酸、乙酸、羟基乙酸、草酸、丙酸、戊二酸、葡糖酸、乳酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、衣康酸、三氟乙酸等。适合的芳香族羧酸可以包括,例如,苯甲酸、三羟基苯甲酸(即,没食子酸)、水杨酸、对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸等。聚合酸,如聚(丙烯酸)或聚(甲基丙烯酸)及其共聚物(例如,马来酸-丙烯酸、磺酸-丙烯酸、和苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物),也可以适用于本发明。特别适合的酸为多元酸(例如,二元、三元等),如α-酒石酸(在25℃下pka1为2.98,pKa2为4.34)、马来酸(在25℃下pka1为1.92,pKa2为6.27)、草酸(在25℃下pka1为1.23,pKa2为4.19)、柠檬酸(在25℃下pka1为3.13,pKa2为4.76,pKa3为6.40)等。
除了能够通过维持低阴道pH水平而帮助抑制微生物生长的酸性化合物以外,也可以在组合物中使用有效杀灭微生物的常规灭微生物剂(biocide)。适合的灭微生物剂可以包括,例如,酚类化合物,如对氯间二甲酚(“PCMX”)、2,4,4′-三氯-2-羟基二苯醚(“三氯生”)、2-氯苯酚、3-氯苯酚、4-氯苯酚、2,4-二氯苯酚、2,4,6-三氯苯酚、2,3,4,6-四氯苯酚、五氯苯酚、4-氯间苯二酚、4,6-二氯间苯二酚、2,4,6-三氯间苯二酚、烷基氯苯酚(包括对烷基邻氯苯酚、邻烷基对氯苯酚、二烷基-4-氯苯酚、和三烷基-4-氯苯酚)、二氯-间二甲苯酚、氯甲苯酚、邻苄基对氯苯酚、3,4,6-三氯苯酚、4氯-2-苯基苯酚、6-氯-2-苯基苯酚、邻苄基对氯苯酚、和2,4-二氯-3,5-二乙基苯酚;双胍化合物,如氯己定、氯己定氨基苯二磷酸盐、氯己定二葡糖酸盐、氯己定二乙酸盐、氯己定二盐酸盐、氯己定二氯化物、氯己定二氢碘化物、氯己定二高氯酸盐、氯己定二硝酸盐、氯己定硫酸盐、氯己定亚硫酸盐、氯己定硫代硫酸盐、氯己定二酸性磷酸盐、氯己定二氟磷酸盐、氯己定二甲酸盐、氯己定二丙酸盐、氯己定二碘丁酸盐、氯己定二正戊酸盐、氯己定二己酸盐、氯己定丙二酸盐、氯己定琥珀酸盐、氯己定苹果酸盐、氯己定酒石酸盐、氯己定葡糖酸盐(“CHG”)、氯己定二单乙醇酸盐、氯己定单二乙醇酸盐、氯己定二乳酸盐、氯己定二-α-羟基异丁酸盐、氯己定二葡庚糖酸盐、氯己定二异硫代硫酸盐、氯己定二苯甲酸盐、氯己定二肉桂酸盐、氯己定二扁桃酸盐、氯己定二间苯二酸盐、氯己定二-2-羟基萘酸盐、氯己定双羟萘酸盐、聚六亚甲基双胍(“PHMB”)、和阿来西定(N,N″-双(2-乙基己基)-3,12-二亚氨基-2,4,11,13-四氮杂十四烷二亚氨基胺、1,1′-六甲基-烯双[5-(2-乙基己基)双胍]);季铵化合物,如山嵛基苄基二甲基氯化铵、西他氯铵、cetarylalkoniumbromide、十六烷基三甲铵甲苯磺酸盐、十六烷基吡啶氯化物、劳拉溴铵、劳拉氯铵、拉匹氯铵、十二烷基吡啶氯化物、肉豆蔻基苄基二甲基氯化铵、油基苄基二甲基氯化铵、异硬脂基乙基二甲基氯化铵等,及其混合物。
虽然可以确定地采用灭微生物剂,但是通常希望的是,将这样的成分的量最小化以避免破坏在阴道中发现的乳酸杆菌的自然平衡。因此,在干燥的基础上,灭微生物剂通常仅占抗微生物剂的约20wt.%或更低,在一些实施方案中约10wt.%或更低,在一些实施方案中,约0.001wt.%至约5wt.%。相反地,在干燥的基础上,前述酸性化合物通常占在抗微生物组合物中使用的抗微生物剂的多数,如约50wt.%至约100wt.%,在一些实施方案中约60wt.%至约99wt.%,在一些实施方案中约70wt.%至约95wt.%。
如果需要,抗微生物组合物可以任选地包括另外的成分以赋予各种益处。例如,抗微生物组合物可以含有一种或多种表面活性剂以提高组合物的可湿性,以帮助乳化或溶解其它成分,增加粘度等。适合的表面活性剂可以包括,例如,阳离子型表面活性剂、阴离子型表面活性剂、非离子型表面活性剂、两性离子型表面活性剂及其组合。当使用时,在抗微生物组合物中利用的表面活性剂的量通常可以根据存在于组合物内的其它组分的相对量而变化。抗微生物组合物也可以含有防腐剂或防腐剂系统,以帮助进一步在延长的时期内抑制微生物的生长。适合的防腐剂可以包括,例如,烷醇、EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)二钠、EDTA盐、EDTA脂肪酸轭合物、异噻唑啉酮、苯甲酸酯(对羟基苯甲酸酯类)(例如,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸异丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸异丁酯、对羟基苯甲酸苄酯、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯钠和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯钠),等等。
II.pH传感器
如上所述,由于酸性化合物存在于抗微生物组合物,抗微生物组合物的pH水平小于约7,在一些实施方案中为约1至约6,在一些实施方案中为约2至约5。该低pH水平可以帮助将女性护理吸收性制品和/或阴道内的微生物的生长最小化。然而,体液(例如,汗液、尿液等)通常具有相对高的pH,如约7或甚至更高。因此,当制品吸收足量的体液时,抗微生物组合物可能不再能够将整体pH保持足够低的水平以抑制微生物生长。在这方面,本发明的女性护理吸收性制品还采用了pH传感器,所述传感器能够向使用者发出抗微生物组合物已经失去或开始丧失其最佳功效的信号。pH传感器也可以用于指示体液(例如,汗液)自身的存在。这在例如温暖的环境中是特别有用的,在所述温暖的环境中使用者可能分泌大量汗液。除了降低抗微生物组合物的功效,汗液也可以充当微生物的载体。
为了实现期望的功能,传感器包括在pH水平发生颜色变化的pH敏感性组合物,被认为的是,在所述pH水平抗微生物组合物不再具有最佳功效。例如,发生颜色转变的pH水平可以是约3至约9,在一些实施方案中为约4至约8,在一些实施方案中为约5至约7,在一个实施方案中为约7。pH敏感性组合物可以,例如,在pH值小于约9显示第一颜色,在一些实施方案中小于约8,在一些实施方案中小于约7,在一些实施方案中小于约6,在一些实施方案中小于约5,在一些实施方案中小于约4。同样地,pH敏感性组合物也可以在pH值约4或更高时显示第二颜色,在一些实施方案中为约5或更高,在一些实施方案中为约6或更高,在一些实施方案中为约7或更高,在一些实施方案中为约8或更高,在一些实施方案中为约9或更高。当组合物在其干燥状态时可以呈现第一颜色,当组合物与体液接触时可以呈现第二颜色。应当注意的是,本文所使用的术语“颜色”包括通常为透明或无色的组合物。
pH敏感性组合物采用了一种或多种发色团,以实现期望的颜色变化。在pH敏感性组合物中采用的具体的发色团通常不是关键的。例如,酞发色团组成一类适合的可以在本公开中采用的pH敏感性发色团。例如,酚红(即,苯酚磺酞)在6.6到8.0的pH范围内显示从黄色到红色的转变。在pH为约8.1以上,酚红变成亮粉色(紫红色)。酚红的衍生物也可以适用于本公开,如使用氯、溴、甲基、羧酸钠、羧酸、羟基和胺官能团取代的那些衍生物。示例性的取代酚红化合物包括,例如,间甲酚紫(间甲酚磺酞)、甲酚红(邻甲酚磺酞)、邻苯二酚紫(邻苯二酚磺酞)、氯酚红(3′,3″-二氯酚磺酞)、二甲酚蓝(对二甲苯酚磺酞的钠盐)、二甲酚橙、媒介蓝3(C.I.43820)、3,4,5,6-四溴酚磺酞、溴甲酚蓝、溴酚蓝(3′,3″,5′,5″-四溴酚磺酞)、溴氯酚兰(二溴-5′,5″-二氯酚磺酞的钠盐)、溴甲酚紫(5′,5″-二溴邻甲酚磺酞)、溴甲酚绿(3′,3″,5′,5″-四溴邻甲酚磺酞)等。例如,溴甲酚绿在约4至约6的pH范围内显示从黄色到蓝色的转变;溴百里酚蓝在约6.0至7.6的pH范围内显示从黄色到蓝色的转变;溴酚蓝在约3.0至4.6的pH范围内显示从黄色到紫色的转变;溴甲酚紫在约5.2至6.8的pH范围内显示从黄色到紫色的转变。
蒽醌类构成另一类用于本公开的适合的pH敏感性发色团。蒽醌类具有以下一般结构:
在通式中显示的数字1-8代表稠环结构的位置,在所述稠环上可以发生官能团取代。可以在稠环结构上取代的这样的官能团的一些实例包括卤素基团(例如,氯或溴基)、磺酰基(例如,磺酸盐)、烷基、苄基、氨基(例如,伯胺、仲胺、叔胺或季铵)、羧基、氰基、羟基、磷基等。导致电离能力的官能团通常称为“发色团”。使用发色团取代环结构导致化合物的吸收波长的移位。因此,根据发色团的类型(例如,羟基、羧基、氨基等)和取代的程度,可以形成多种具有各种颜色和强度的醌类。其它官能团,如磺酸,也可以用于使某些类型的化合物(例如,更高分子量的蒽醌类)具有水溶性。
可以用于本公开的一些适合的蒽醌类,通过其“CI”号分类,包括酸性黑48、酸性蓝25(D&C绿5号)、酸性蓝40、酸性蓝41、酸性蓝45、酸性蓝80、酸性蓝129、酸性绿25、酸性绿27、酸性绿41、酸性紫43、媒介红11(茜素)、媒介黑13(茜素蓝黑B)、媒介红3(茜素红S)、媒介紫5(茜素紫3R)、茜素氨羧络合剂、天然红4(胭脂红酸)、分散蓝1、分散蓝3、分酸蓝14、天然红16(红紫素)、天然红8、活性蓝2(普施安蓝HB)、活性蓝19(雷玛唑亮蓝R);茜素、茜素黄R、茜素黄GG、茜素S、核固红、醌茜素、大黄素、氨基-4-羟基蒽醌等。例如,胭脂红酸在约3.0至5.5的pH范围内显示从橙色到红色的第一转变,在约5.5至7.0的pH范围内显示从红色到紫色的第二转变。
可以采用的另一类适合的pH敏感性发色团是具有以下一般结构的芳族偶氮化合物:
X-R1-N=N-R2-Y
其中,
R1为芳族基团;
R2选自脂肪族和芳族基团;和
X和Y独立地选自氢、卤素、-NO2、-NH2、芳基、烷基、烷氧基、磺酸酯基、-SO3H、-OH、-COH、-COOH、卤素等。偶氮衍生物也是适合的,如氧化偶氮化合物(X-R1-N=NO-R2-Y)或肼基化合物(X-R1-NH-NH-R2-Y)。这样的偶氮化合物(或其衍生物)的具体实例包括甲基紫、甲基黄、甲基橙、甲基红和甲基绿。例如,甲基黄在约2.9至4.0的pH范围内经历从红色到黄色的转变,甲基橙在约3.1至4.4的pH范围内经历从红色到黄色的转变,甲基红在约4.2至6.3的pH范围内经历从红色到黄色的转变。
芳基甲烷(例如,二芳基甲烷和三芳基甲烷)构成另一类适合的用于本公开的pH敏感性发色团。例如,三芳基甲烷无色碱具有以下一般结构:
其中R、R′和R″独立地选自取代和非取代芳基,如苯基、萘基、蒽基等。芳基可以被官能团如氨基、羟基、羰基、羧基、磺酸基、烷基和/或其它已知的官能团取代。这样的三芳基甲烷无色碱的实例包括无色孔雀石绿、副品红碱、结晶紫内酯、隐色结晶紫、结晶紫、CI碱性紫1、CI碱性紫2、CI碱性蓝、CI维多利亚蓝、N-苯甲酰基隐色亚甲基等。同样适合的二芳基甲烷无色碱可以包括4,4′-双(二甲基氨基)二苯基甲醇(也称为“米氏醇”)、米氏醇无色苯并三唑、米氏醇无色吗啡啉、米氏醇无色苯磺酰胺等。
可以采用的其它适合的pH敏感性发色团包括刚果红、石蕊(石蕊精)、亚甲基蓝、中性红、酸性品红、靛蓝胭脂红、亮绿、苦味酸、间胺黄、间甲酚紫、喹那啶红、金莲橙OO、2,6-二硝基苯酚、夹竹桃红B、2,4-二硝基苯酚、4-二甲基氨基偶氮苯、2,5-二硝基苯酚、1-萘基红、氯酚红、苏木精、4-硝基苯酚、硝嗪黄、3-硝基苯酚、碱性蓝、依波西隆、尼罗蓝A、一般发色团等。例如,刚果红在约3.0至5.2的pH范围内经历从蓝色到红色的转变,石蕊在约4.5到8.3的pH范围内经历从红色到蓝色的转变。
虽然总量可以变化,但是在干燥的基础上,一个或多个pH发色团通常占pH敏感性组合物的约0.01wt.%至约15wt.%,在一些实施方案中约0.1wt.%至约5wt.%,在一些实施方案中。约0.2wt.%至约1wt.%。
当然,pH敏感性组合物也可以含有多种任选的组分,以促进期望的颜色变化,并且还增强组合物在其所施加的女性护理吸收性制品的基材上保持稳定的能力。例如,有机粘合剂可以用于提高pH敏感性组合物的耐久性,并帮助在干燥后的各种基材上形成稳定的膜。由于组合物的目的是接触水性体液(例如,尿液),因此有时需要采用疏水性有机粘合剂。这样的粘合剂的一个实例是能够在施加到基材后硬化的热固性树脂。适合的热固性树脂可以包括,例如,聚酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂、蜜胺树脂、环氧树脂、己二烯酞酸酯树脂、乙烯基树脂等。除了这样的疏水性粘合剂或与这样的疏水性粘合剂结合,组合物还可以含有亲水性粘合剂,如藻酸及其盐、角叉菜胶、果胶、明胶等,半合成的大分子化合物,如甲基纤维素、阳离子化淀粉、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基化淀粉、硝酸纤维素、乙烯基聚合物(例如,聚乙烯醇)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺、马来酸共聚物、醋酸纤维素、丁酸纤维素等,以及其组合。可以采用的市售的粘合剂系统包括,例如,聚(甲基乙烯基醚/马来酸)的单烷基酯的SP、ES或AN系列(International Specialty Products,Inc.),羧化丙烯酸共聚物的系列(Akzo Nobel),和两性丙烯酸共聚物的系列(Akzo Nobel)。
粘合剂的总浓度一般地可以根据所产生的基材期望的性质变化。例如,高的总粘合剂浓度可以向涂覆的基材提供更好的物理性质,但是同样可以对其它性质具有不良影响,如其所施加的基材的吸收能力。相反地,低的总粘合剂浓度可能不能提供期望的耐久性程度。然而,在大多数实施方案中,在组合物中采用的粘合剂的总量,包括任意亲水性或疏水性粘合剂,在干重基础上为约20wt.%至约90wt.%,在一些实施方案中为约40wt.%至约85wt.%,在一些实施方案中为约60wt.%至约80wt.%。
pH敏感性组合物也可以含有本领域已知的其它组分。例如,有时可以采用润湿剂以改进将pH敏感性组合物施加并粘附到基材的能力。例如,适合的润湿剂可以包括表面活性剂(例如,非离子型、阳离子型、阴离子型或两性的)或表面活性剂的混合物。表面活性剂也可以帮助增强由着色剂提供的灵敏度和对比度。特别期望的表面活性剂是非离子型表面活性剂,如乙氧基化的烷基苯酚、乙氧基化和丙氧基化的脂肪醇、乙烯氧化物-丙烯氧化物嵌段共聚物、脂肪(C8-C18)酸的乙氧基化的酯、乙烯氧化物和长链胺或酰胺的缩合产物、乙烯氧化物和醇的缩合产物、炔二醇,及其混合物。适合的非离子型表面活性剂的各种具体的实例包括但不限于甲基葡糖聚醚-10、PEG-20甲基葡糖二硬脂酸酯、PEG-20甲基葡糖倍半硬脂酸酯、C11-C15链烷聚醇醚-20、鲸蜡醇聚醚-8、鲸蜡醇聚醚-12、十二烷基苯酚聚醚-12、月桂醇聚醚-15、PEG-20蓖麻油、聚山梨醇酯20、硬脂醇聚醚-20、聚氧乙烯-10硬脂基醚、聚氧乙烯-10硬脂基醚、聚氧乙烯-20鲸蜡基醚、聚氧乙烯-10油基醚、聚氧乙烯-20油基醚、乙氧基化壬基苯酚、乙氧基化辛基苯酚、乙氧基化十二烷基苯酚或乙氧基化脂肪(C6-C22)醇,包括3到20乙烯氧化物部分、聚氧乙烯-20异十六烷基醚、聚氧乙烯-23甘油月桂酸酯、聚氧乙烯-20甘油硬脂酸酯、PPG-10甲基葡糖醚、PPG-20甲基葡糖醚、聚氧乙烯-20山梨聚糖单酯、聚氧乙烯-80蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯-15十三烷基醚、聚氧乙烯-6十三烷基醚、月桂醇聚醚-2、月桂醇聚醚-3、月桂醇聚醚-4、PEG-3蓖麻油、PEG600二油酸酯、PEG400二油酸酯,及其混合物。市售的非离子型表面活性剂可以包括购自Air Products和位于Allentown PA的Chemicals的系列的炔二醇表面活性剂,和购自位于Pittsburgh,PA的Fischer Scientific的系列的聚氧乙烯表面活性剂。也可以在本发明中采用阳离子型表面活性剂,如季铵化合物(例如,鲸蜡基三甲基氯化铵、苯扎氯铵、苄索铵氯、季铵盐-18、司拉氯铵、椰油基三甲基铵甲基硫酸盐、PEG-2椰油基甲基氯化铵和PEG-3二油酰基酰胺基乙基铵甲基硫酸盐等)。在某些实施方案中,这样的阳离子型表面活性剂也可以有助于将组合物附着到具有负电荷表面的基材上,如由烯聚合物形成的膜和/或无纺纤网。当采用时,这样的润湿剂通常占组合物的约0.01wt.%至约20wt.%,在一些实施方案中约0.1wt.%至约15wt.%,在一些实施方案中约1wt.%至约10wt.%。
组合物的初始pH也可以被控制在一定范围内,以确保在使用制品之前组合物显示第一颜色,然后在接触体液后经历颜色变化。pH也可以足够低以使单独地来自环境的湿度(例如,在储存或使用时)不会诱导颜色变化。例如,通常期望的是,组合物的初始pH在约3至约6的范围内,在一些实施方案中约4至约6。可以采用各种pH缓冲剂以达到期望的pH水平。可以用于本发明的pH缓冲剂的一些实例包括但不限于无机酸、磺酸(例如,2-[N-吗啉基]乙磺酸)、羧酸和聚合酸。适合的无机酸的具体实例是盐酸、硝酸、磷酸和硫酸。适合的羧酸的具体实例是乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、乙醇酸、马来酸、没食子酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、苯甲酸、丙二酸、水杨酸、葡糖酸、及其混合物。适合的聚合酸的具体实例包括直链聚(丙烯酸)及其共聚物(例如,马来酸-丙烯酸、磺酸-丙烯酸、和苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物)、具有小于约250,000的分子量的交联聚丙烯酸、聚(甲基丙烯酸)和天然存在的聚合酸如角叉菜酸、羧甲基纤维素和藻酸。虽然pH缓冲剂的量通常取决于期望的pH水平,但是这样的组分通常占组合物的约1wt.%至约40wt.%,在一些方案中约5wt.%至约30wt.%,在一些实施方案中约10wt.%至约25wt.%。
也可以利用湿润剂,如乙二醇;二甘醇;甘油;聚乙二醇200、300、400和600;丙-1,3-二醇;丙烯乙二醇单甲醚,如Dowanol PM(Gallade ChemicalInc.,Santa Ana,CA);多元醇;或其组合。此外,在使用pH敏感性组合物的过程中也可以采用额外的pH不敏感性发色团以帮助控制观察到的颜色。也可以包括其它添加剂以改善性能,如可以将可能涉及化学反应的金属离子螯合一定时间的螯合剂,和/或腐蚀抑制剂,以帮助保护打印机或油墨输送系统的金属组件,还可以采用各种其它的组分,如着色剂稳定剂、光引发剂、填料等,如Nohr等人的第5,681,380号美国专利和Nohr等人的第6,542,379美国专利中所描述的,出于所有目的将其全部内容引入本文作为参考。
本发明的pH传感器可以由pH敏感性组合物自身限定,如当其直接施加到吸收性制品的组件上时。供选择地,pH传感器可以包括单独的基材,pH敏感性组合物被放置在所述基材上。这样的基材的实例包括,例如,无纺纤网、纺织织物、编织织物、纸网、膜、泡沫、线束等。无纺纤网可以包括但不限于,纺粘纤网(有孔或无孔)、熔喷纤网、粘合梳理纤网、气流法纤网、共成形纤网、水刺纤网等。也可以采用无纺复合材料(例如,层压到膜或线束的无纺纤网)。用于形成这样的纤网的聚合物的实例可以包括但不限于,合成聚合物(例如,聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、尼龙6、尼龙66、间规聚苯乙烯、液晶聚酯等);纤维素聚合物(针叶木浆、阔叶木浆、预热法机械浆等);其组合,等等。当pH敏感性组合物施加到单独的基材时,随后使用任意已知技术将其粘附或附着在吸收性制品的层上。可以在一个或多个基材表面采用粘合剂,如压敏粘合剂,热活化粘合剂、热熔粘合剂等,以帮助将其粘附在吸收性制品的表面。适合的压敏粘合剂的实例包括,例如,丙烯酸类粘合剂和弹性体粘合剂。在一个实施方案中,压敏粘合剂基于丙烯酸酯(例如,2-乙基己基丙烯酸酯)和极性共聚单体(例如,丙烯酸)的共聚物。粘合剂可以具有约0.1至约2密耳范围内的厚度(2.5至50微米)。
可以将pH敏感性组合物独立地或与上述的抗微生物组合物联合地施加到基材(例如,吸收性制品的组分或单独的基材)。通常,组合物的组分最初溶解或分散于溶剂中以形成涂层溶液。能够分散或溶解组分的任何溶剂是适合的。适合的溶剂可以包括,例如,水;醇,如乙醇或甲醇;二甲基甲酰胺;二甲亚砜;烃类,如戊烷、丁烷、庚烷、己烷、甲苯和二甲苯;醚如乙醚和四氢呋喃;酮和醛,如丙酮和甲基乙基酮;卤代溶剂,如二氯甲烷和四氯化碳;丙烯腈;等,以及其混合物。在涂层配方中的溶剂的浓度通常足够高以允许容易地施加、处理等。
当采用时,溶剂的总浓度可以变化,但通常为涂层配方的约1wt.%至约95wt.%,在一些实施方案中约5wt.%至约80wt.%,在一些实施方案中,约10wt.%至约50wt.%。可以使用任何常规技术施加涂层配方,如印刷、浸渍、喷涂、熔融挤出、涂覆(例如,溶剂涂覆、粉末涂覆、刷涂等)等。例如,在一个实施方案中,pH敏感性组合物被印刷到一种基材上(例如,阻流片)。可以使用多种印刷技术将组合物施加到支持物,如凹版印刷、柔版印刷、丝网印刷、激光印刷、热织带印刷、活塞印刷等。在一个具体的实施方案中,采用喷墨印刷技术将组合物施加到基材。喷墨印刷是非接触印刷技术,涉及迫使油墨通过微小的喷嘴(或喷嘴组)以形成朝向支持物的液滴。一般利用两种技术,即“DOD”(按需滴墨)或“连续”喷墨印刷。在连续系统中,油墨在压力下以连续流发射通过至少一个喷孔或喷嘴。所述流被增压驱动器扰乱,在距喷孔固定距离处将流分成液滴。另一方面,DOD系统在每个喷孔处使用增压驱动器以将油墨分成液滴。在每个系统中的增压驱动器可以是压电晶体、声学装置、热装置等。喷墨系统的类型的选择基于由印刷头印刷的材料的类型而变化。例如,由于液滴发生静电偏转,因此有时需要用于连续系统的导电材料。因此,当样品通道由介电材料形成时,DOD印刷技术可以是更理想的。
可以将涂层配方施加到基材的一个或两个表面。例如,产生的pH敏感性组合物通常存在于可能在使用过程中接触体液的基材的至少一个表面上。此外,组合物可以覆盖基材的整个表面,或可以仅覆盖表面的部分。当将组合物施加到多个表面时,每个表面可以依次或同时涂覆。无论用何种方式施加,产生的基材可以在特定温度下干燥以将溶剂从配方中赶走并形成本发明的组合物。例如,基材可以在至少约20℃,在一些实施方案中在至少约25℃,在一些实施方案中在约25℃至约75℃干燥。
为了保持基材的吸收性、孔隙度、柔性和/或一些其它特性,有时可能需要的是将组合物施加以覆盖基材的一个或多个表面面积的小于100%,在一些实施方案中约10%至约80%,在一些实施方案中约20%至约60%。例如,在一个具体的实施方案中,pH敏感性组合物以预先选择的图案(例如,网状图案、钻石形网格、点等)施加到基材。图案可以包括标记,如说明即将缺乏抗微生物功效的数值、字母、或图形。然而,应理解的是,也可以将组合物均匀地施加到基材的一个或多个表面。此外,图案化的组合物也可以向每个区域提供不同的功能。例如,在一个实施方案中,使用两个或多个涂覆的区域的图案处理基材,所述涂覆的区域可以重叠或不重叠。区域可以在基材的相同或不同表面。在一个实施方案中,基材的一个区域使用第一组合物涂覆,而另一个区域使用第二组合物涂覆。
通常期望的是,pH敏感性组合物以一种方式施加,以使其基本不通过基材扩散(即,非扩散性地固定化)。这使得使用者能够容易地检测所发生的颜色变化,并防止组合物从基材渗漏。固定化可以通过许多方法实现,如化学键合(离子键合、共价键合等)、物理吸附,或使用载体。例如,在一个实施方案中,采用阳离子材料(阳离子型表面活性剂)帮助将组合物离子地粘附到带负电的基材材料。在其它实施方案中,可以采用锚定化合物,所述锚定化合物将油墨连接到基材的表面并进一步改善耐久性。通常地,锚定化合物的尺寸比发色团更大,可以提高在使用中保持在表面的可能性。例如,锚定化合物可以包括大分子化合物,如聚合物、低聚物、树枝状聚合物、颗粒等。聚合物锚定化合物可以是天然的、合成的、或其组合。天然聚合物锚定化合物的实例包括,例如,多肽、蛋白、DNA/RNA和多糖(例如,葡糖系聚合物,活化葡聚糖等)。在一些实施方案中,锚定化合物可以是颗粒(有时称为“珠”或“微珠”)。可以使用天然存在的颗粒,如细胞核、支原体、质粒、质体、哺乳动物细胞(例如,红细胞血影)、单细胞微生物(例如,细菌)、多糖(例如,琼脂糖)等。此外,也可以使用合成颗粒。例如,在一个实施方案中,可以使用乳胶微粒。虽然可以使用任意合成颗粒,但是颗粒通常由以下物质形成:聚苯乙烯、丁二烯苯乙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯酸-乙烯三元共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲基丙烯酸乙酯、苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯吡啶、聚二乙烯基苯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、丙烯腈、氯乙烯-丙烯酸酯等,或其醛、羧基、氨基、羟基或酰肼衍生物。当使用时,颗粒的大小可以变化。例如,颗粒平均大小(例如,直径)可以是约0.1纳米至约1,000微米,在一些实施方案中,约0.1纳米至约100微米,在一些实施方案中,约1纳米至约10微米。
无论pH传感器以何种方式形成,所产生的颜色变化可以是相当快的,并且可以在相对较短的时间内检测到。例如,可见颜色变化可以在约10分钟内或更短的时间内发生,在一些实施方案中1分钟或更短,在一些实施方案中约0.1至约60秒。颜色变化的程度也通常足够提供抗微生物效力的“实时”指示。例如,该颜色变化可以通过使用被称为“CIELAB”的常规测试测量的吸光度读数的特定变化表示,在F.Cost的Pocket Guide to Digital Printing,Delmar Publishers,Albany,New York.ISBN0-8273-7592-1第144和145页中有所讨论。该方法定义了三个变量,L*、a*和b*,相当于基于颜色感知的对比理论感知的颜色的三个特征。三个变量具有以下含义:
L*=亮度(或光度),为0至100,其中0=暗,100=亮;
a*=红/绿轴,约为-100到100;正值为微红色,负值为浅绿色;和
b*=黄/蓝轴;约为-100到100;正值为淡黄色,负值为淡蓝色。
由于CIELAB颜色空间在视觉上有点均匀,因此可以计算出代表人类感知的两种颜色之间的差异的单一数字。该差异称为ΔE并通过取两种颜色之间的三个差异(ΔL*、Δa*和Δb*)的平方和的平方根来计算。在CIELAB颜色空间中,每个ΔE单元约等于两种颜色之间的“正好可注意到的”差异。因此,CIELAB是客观的与装置无关的表色系(color specification system)的良好度量,所述表色系可以出于颜色管理和颜色变化表达的目的而用作参比颜色。使用该测试,可以使用例如来自Minolta Co.Ltd.ofOsaka,Japan的手持式分光光度计(型号CM2600d)这样测量颜色强度(L*、a*和b*)。该仪器利用符合CIE No.15、ISO7724/1、ASTME1164和JIS Z8722-1982的D/8几何(扩散照明/8度可视系统。样本表面以8度到表面的法线的角度反射的D65光被样本测量光学系统接收。通常地,颜色变化由约2或更大的ΔE表示,在一些实施方案中约3或更大,在一些实施方案中约5至约50。
pH传感器也能够维持其信号强度(即,颜色变化)足够长的时间,以确保使用者能够检测外观的变化。例如,pH传感器可能能够维持信号强度至少约10分钟,在一些实施方案中至少约30分钟,在一些实施方案中至少约1小时。此外,传感器可以遭受多次尿液污染而仍然产生精确的测试结果。
应理解的是,以上提到的关于pH敏感性组合物的所有施加技术和方法,涂层配方等同样适用于抗微生物组合物。例如,抗微生物剂可以形成涂层配方并使用本文提到的任意技术施加到吸收性制品的基材或组件。组合物可以均匀地或不均匀地施加到吸收性制品的基材或组件。
III.吸收性制品
本发明的女性护理吸收性制品包括至少一个一般地不透液性的层(例如,外罩或阻流片),至少一个透液性的层(例如,表层、吸入层、传输延迟层等),和位于不透液性的层和透液性的层之间的吸收芯。本发明的抗微生物组合物和pH传感器可以一般地在各种不同的方向上和以不同的构造放置到与任意这些组件连通的流体中。然而,在大多数实施方案中,期望的是pH传感器施加到使用者可以容易地看到的制品的层,如不透液性的层,并且抗微生物组合物位于透液性的层以使其紧密邻近使用者的身体并最好地抑制病原体的生长。抗微生物组合物和pH传感器可以直接地施加到制品的组件或通过如上所述的基材。
参照图1,现在将更加详细地描述女性护理吸收性制品20的一个具体的实施方案。更具体地,制品20包括表层26、阻流片28、和位于表层26和阻流片28之间的吸收芯30。表层26定义了吸收性制品20的朝向身体的表面27。吸收芯30位于吸收性制品20的外周的内部,并包括邻近表层26放置的朝向身体侧和邻近阻流片28放置的朝向服装侧。通常地,表层26和阻流片28通过粘合剂粘合、超声粘合或本领域已知的任意其它适合的接合方法接合,密封的边缘限定制品20的整个密封的外周边缘99。制品20可以呈现各种几何形状,但通常具有相对的横向侧和纵向端。
表层26通常设计以接触使用者的身体并且是透液性的。透液性的表层26具有朝向外部的表面,所述表面可以接触使用者的身体并接收来自身体的水性流体。表层26是为了舒适和顺应性(conformability)而提供的,并且功能是引导身体分泌物离开身体,通过表层26并朝向吸收芯30。表层26在其结构中留存很少或不留存液体,以使其提供相对舒适和无刺激性的表面,所述表面紧挨着女性使用者的前庭内的组织。表层26可以由容易被接触阻流片表面的身体分泌物渗透的任意纺织或无纺材料构成。适合的材料的实例包括人造丝、聚酯的粘合梳理纤网、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、尼龙、或其它热粘合纤维、聚烯烃,如聚丙烯和聚乙烯的共聚物,线性低密度聚乙烯,和脂肪族酯如聚乳酸。也可以使用微细有孔膜纤网和网状材料。适合的表层材料的具体实例是由聚丙烯和聚乙烯制成的粘合梳理纤网,如用作护垫的表层原料的那些,并且可获得自Sandler Corporation(Germany)。Datta 等人的第4,801,494号和Sukiennik等人的第4,908,026号美国专利教导了各种可用于本发明的其它表层材料。表层26也可以含有穿过其形成的多个孔(未显示),以允许体液更容易地通过而进入吸收芯30中。孔可以遍及表层26随机或均匀排列,或者其可以仅位于沿着吸收性制品20的纵轴排列的狭窄的纵向带或条。孔允许体液快速向下渗透进入吸收芯30。孔的大小、形状、直径和数量可以变化以适应特定的需要。
阻流片28通常是不透液性的,并且设计朝向内表面,即内衣的胯部部分(未显示)。阻流片28可以允许空气或蒸汽穿过吸收性制品20,而同时阻止液体的穿过。一般地可以利用任何不透液性的材料以形成阻流片28。例如,可以利用的一种适合的材料为微孔聚合物膜,如聚乙烯或聚丙烯。在具体的实施方案中,利用具有约0.2密耳至约5.0密耳的范围内的厚度的聚乙烯膜,特别地为约0.5至约3.0密耳。阻流片材料的具体实例为聚乙烯膜,如用于护垫中的那些,并且可以从Pliant Corporation,Schaumburg,IL,USA获得。
如上所述,吸收芯30位于表层26和阻流片28之间,所述吸收芯30提供吸收并留存身体分泌物的能力。吸收芯30可以由多种不同的材料形成并含有任意数量的所需的层。例如,吸收芯30通常包括一层或多层纤维素纤维(例如,木浆纤维)、其它天然纤维、合成纤维、纺织或无纺片材、稀松平纹织物网或其它稳定的结构的吸收性纤网材料、超吸收性材料、粘合剂材料、表面活性剂、选择的疏水性和亲水性材料、颜料、乳液、气味控制剂等,以及其组合。在具体的实施方案中,吸收性纤网材料包括纤维素绒毛的基质,也可以包括超吸收性材料。纤维素绒毛可以包括木浆绒毛的共混物。一种优选类型的绒毛为购自Weyerhaeuser Corp.的商品名为NB416的绒毛,所述绒毛为主要含有软木纤维的漂白的高吸收性木浆。吸收性材料可以通过采用各种传统方法和技术形成纤网结构。例如,吸收性纤网可以使用干法成形技术、空气成形技术、湿法成形技术等以及其组合形成。也可以采用共成形无纺材料。用于实施该技术的方法和设备在本领域是众所周知的。
表层26可以通过彼此全部粘合或邻近表面的部分的粘合与吸收芯30保持固定关系。可以利用本领域技术人员已知的各种粘合机制以实现任意这样的固定关系。这样的机制的实例包括但不限于,在两个邻接表面之间以各种图案施加粘合剂,将吸收性制品的邻近表面的至少部分与外罩的邻近表面的部分缠结,或将外罩的邻近表面的至少部分与吸收性制品的邻近表面的部分融合。表层26通常延伸超过吸收芯30的上部、身体侧表面,但是可以供选择地围绕制品延伸以部分或全部围绕或包围吸收芯。供选择地,表层26和阻流片28可以具有向外延伸超过吸收芯30的末端外周边缘的外周边缘,延伸的边缘可以结合在一起以部分或全部围绕或包围吸收芯。
虽然不是必须的,吸收性制品20也可以含有本领域已知的其它另外的层。例如,在图1中,透液性的吸入层32垂直地位于表层26和吸收芯30之间。吸入层32可以由能够在z方向上快速转移递送至表层26的体液的材料制成。吸入层32可以一般地具有任意期望的形状和/或尺寸。在一个实施方案中,吸入层32具有矩形形状,长度等于或小于吸收性制品20的总长度,宽度小于吸收性制品20的宽度。例如,可以利用约150mm至约300mm之间的长度和约10mm至约60mm之间的宽度。任意多种不同的材料可以用于吸入层32以实现上述功能。材料可以是合成的、纤维素的、或合成和纤维素材料的组合。例如,气流法纤维素纸巾可以适用于吸入层32。气流法纤维素纸巾可以具有约10克每平方米(gsm)至约300gsm的基重,在一些实施方案中,为约40gms至约150gsm。气流法纸巾可以由硬木和/或软木纤维形成。气流法纸巾具有精细的孔结构并提供优良的芯吸能力(wickingcapacity),尤其对于月经。
吸收性制品20也可以含有位于吸入层32和吸收芯30之间的传输延迟层(未显示)。传输延迟层可以含有基本疏水的材料,如由聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酯等构成的无纺纤网。适合的传输延迟层的材料的实例为由聚丙烯、多叶形纤维(multi-lobal fiber)构成的纺粘纤网。适合的传输延迟层材料的其它实例包括由聚丙烯纤维构成的纺粘纤网,所述聚丙烯纤维的横截面形状可以是圆形的、三叶形的或多叶形的,并且结构可以是空心或实心的。通常地,在约3%至约30%的纤网面积上纤网是通过例如热粘合来粘合的。可以用于传输延迟层36的适合的材料的其它实例描述于Meyer等人的第4,798,603和Serbiak等人的第5,248,309号美国专利中。为了调节性能,传输延迟层也可以使用选择量的表面活性剂处理,以提高其初始润湿性。传输延迟层通常具有小于其它吸收性元件的基重。例如,传输延迟层36的基重通常小于250克每平方米(gsm),在一些实施方案中,为约40gsm至约200gsm。
吸收性制品20也可以包括横向延伸的翼部分42,所述翼部分42可以沿着制品的中间部分整体地连接到侧面区域。例如,翼部分42可以是单独提供的元件,所述元件随后连接或另外操作性地连接至制品的中间部分。在其它构型中,翼部分可以与制品的一个或多个组件整体形成。如图1中代表性地显示,例如,每个或两个翼部分42可以由用于形成表层26的材料的相应的有效的延伸形成。供选择地,每个或两个翼部分42可以由用于形成阻流片28的材料的相应的有效的延伸形成,或由表层和阻流片材料的相应的有效的组合形成。
如上所述,抗微生物组合物和pH传感器可以放置在期望的吸收性制品20的任意层上。然而,在某些实施方案中,抗微生物组合物位于吸收性制品的透液性的层(例如,表层,吸入层,传输延迟层等)上,以使其紧密邻近使用者的身体。例如,在图1显示的实施方案中,抗微生物组合物(未显示)可以施加到表层26(例如,均匀或不均匀地)。因此表层26产生的pH通常小于7,在一些实施方案中为约5至约6。pH传感器同样地通常施加到使用者可以容易看到的制品的层。例如,在图1中,pH传感器显示为元件140并施加到阻流片28的朝向身体的表面205,例如邻近用于形成阻流片的复合材料的无纺纤网或膜。如果需要,可以采用透明的或半透明的部分(例如,窗、膜等)以允许pH敏感性组合物140容易地被看到而不用从使用者除去吸收性制品和/或不用拆卸。在其它实施方案中,pH敏感性组合物140可以通过吸收性制品中的用于观察的洞或孔看到。
如果需要,可以采用多个pH传感器以确保信号充分地传送给使用者。例如,在某些实施方案中,可以利用2个传感器。在其它实施方案中,可以利用3个传感器,而在另一些实施方案中,可以利用3个以上的传感器。传感器可以形成直线、波浪或曲线(例如,抛物线)。当采用多个传感器时,它们可以任选地排列成图案(例如,数字、字母、图形等),所述图案更好地说明即将缺乏的抗菌效果。
参照以下实施例将更好地理解本发明。
实施例
制备了含有约70wt.%的硝酸纤维素基清漆(SunChemical)、0.5wt.%的溴甲酚绿、10.5wt.%的乙醇、4wt.%的苄索氯铵、10wt.%的柠檬酸和5wt.%的聚丙烯酸的组合物。将pH敏感性组合物施加到垫(购自Kimberly-Clark Taiwan)的阻流片的朝向身体的表面并允许风干。观察到的是,pH敏感性组合物的颜色为黄色,表示是酸性的。将2毫升的合成粘液(pH为7.0)施加到油墨区域的左侧并允许扩散至油墨区域的右侧。之后观察到pH敏感性组合物在施加粘液的区域颜色变蓝,辨明该区域的pH高于5.5。未施加粘液的区域的颜色仍然为黄色/绿色。该测试证明了在使用了如本文所述的抗微生物组合物的女性护理吸收性制品中可以采用pH传感器。例如,在一个实施方案中,酸性化合物(例如,马来酸或乳酸)的水溶液可以均匀地施加到垫(购自Kimberly-Clark Taiwan)的表层并允许风干,以形成抗微生物组合物。所产生的表层的pH可以为约5.5。
虽然本发明就其具体实施方案进行了详细描述,但应理解的是,本领域技术人员在获得前述的理解后,可以容易地想到这些实施方案的改变、变化和等同形式。因此,本发明的范围应当评估为所附权利要求及其任意等同形式的范围。
Claims (17)
1.一种女性护理吸收性制品,所述制品包括:
一般地不透液性的层;
透液性的层;
放置于一般地不透液性的层和透液性的层之间的吸收芯;
位于透液性的层上的抗微生物组合物,其中所述抗微生物组合物包含酸性化合物;和
包括pH敏感性组合物的传感器,其中所述传感器被整合到所述制品中并且被放置,从而使pH敏感性组合物在与来自制品的使用者的体液连通的流体中,其中所述pH敏感性组合物包含与体液接触后发生可见颜色变化的发色团,所述的可见颜色变化在pH水平约3至约9时发生。
2.根据权利要求1所述的女性护理吸收性制品,其中所述酸性化合物是弱有机羧酸。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的女性护理吸收性制品,其中所述酸性化合物为脂肪族羧酸,所述脂肪族羧酸具有约0.5至约6的第一酸解离常数。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的女性护理吸收性制品,其中所述的可见颜色变化在pH水平约4至约8时发生。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的女性护理吸收性制品,其中所述发色团为酞、蒽醌、芳香族偶氮、芳甲烷或其组合。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的女性护理吸收性制品,其中所述发色团为酞发色团。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的女性护理吸收性制品,其中所述pH敏感性组合物还包括有机粘合剂。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的女性护理吸收性制品,其中在使用所述制品前,所述pH敏感性组合物具有约4至约6的pH。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的女性护理吸收性制品,其中所述传感器包括基材,所述pH敏感性组合物放置在所述基材上。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的女性护理吸收性制品,其中所述传感器位于一般地不透液性的层上。
11.一种女性护理吸收性制品,所述制品包括:
阻流片;
表层;
位于阻流片和表层之间的吸收芯;
放置在表层上的抗微生物组合物,其中所述抗微生物组合物包含酸性化合物;和
包括pH敏感性组合物的传感器,其中所述传感器放置在阻流片上,从而使pH敏感性组合物在与来自制品的使用者的体液连通的流体中,其中所述pH敏感性组合物包括与体液接触后发生可见颜色变化的发色团,所述可见颜色变化在pH水平约3至约9时、优选在约4至约8时发生。
12.一种用于确定何时将女性护理吸收性制品从穿戴者移除的方法,其中所述女性护理吸收性制品包括抗微生物组合物和传感器,所述抗微生物组合物包含酸性化合物,所述传感器包括pH敏感性组合物,其中所述pH敏感性组合物包括在约3至约9的pH范围内发生可见颜色变化的发色团,从而使所述pH敏感性组合物在小于约3的pH值时显示第一颜色,在约9或更高的pH值时显示第二颜色,其中所述方法包括目测观察传感器以确定pH敏感性组合物是否具有第二颜色,所述第二颜色表明需要移除女性护理吸收性制品。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述酸性化合物是弱有机羧酸。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述可见颜色变化发生在约4至约8的pH水平下,从而使所述pH敏感性组合物在pH值约为4或更低时显示第一颜色,在pH值约为8或更高时显示第二颜色。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述发色团为酞、蒽醌、芳香族偶氮、芳甲烷或其组合。
16.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述传感器包括基材,所述pH敏感性组合物放置在所述基材上。
17.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述第二颜色表明在吸收性制品中存在汗液。
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GB2501197A (en) | 2013-10-16 |
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US9084838B2 (en) | 2015-07-21 |
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RU2013138315A (ru) | 2015-03-10 |
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