CN103338635A - 一种含蒽醌的配制剂/木素的制剂 - Google Patents
一种含蒽醌的配制剂/木素的制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103338635A CN103338635A CN2012800070215A CN201280007021A CN103338635A CN 103338635 A CN103338635 A CN 103338635A CN 2012800070215 A CN2012800070215 A CN 2012800070215A CN 201280007021 A CN201280007021 A CN 201280007021A CN 103338635 A CN103338635 A CN 103338635A
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Classifications
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- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing keto or thioketo groups as part of a ring, e.g. cyclohexanone, quinone; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ketals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/12—Powders or granules
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/20—Fabaceae or Leguminosae [Pea or Legume family], e.g. pea, lentil, soybean, clover, acacia, honey locust, derris or millettia
Landscapes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Toxicology (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种制剂，该制剂包含（a）含有一种以上具有抗植物虫害活性的蒽醌衍生物的配制剂和（b）木素。还提供了一种获得所述制剂和使用所述制剂以调节植物性病原感染、真菌感染和/或细菌感染和/或植物虫害和/或种子发芽和/或植物生长的方法。
Description
技术领域
本文公开了一种制剂（formulations），尤其是含蒽醌衍生物和木素的植物配制剂（preparations）。
背景技术
随着植物病原体种群对合成杀菌剂抗性的快速传播和人类对环境污染认识的提高，一种可供选择的控制植物病害的方法是非常必要的。最有效的方法是通过诱导植物抗病性（van Loon等，1998）和/或系统的获得性抗病性（Durant等，2004）促进植物防御机制。
诱导抗病性是在适当的刺激下由植物产生的增强防御能力的状态（Kuc等，2000）。诱导植物抗病性可由化学药品、非病原体和病原体的无毒形式引发。
大虎杖（Reynoutria sachalinensis）提取物
马罗内创新（Marrone Bio Innovations）有限公司以Milsana和Regalia
出售的来自虎杖（giant knotweed）（大虎杖）的提取物主要通过诱导植物内杀菌毒性酚类化合物的累积，提供对瓜类蔬菜和其他农作物上的白粉病和其他植物病害的控制（Daayf等，1995；Wurms等，1999；Schmitt，2002）。配制的虎杖提取物还在诱导多种农作物和包括小麦白粉病的植物病原体的抗病性中显示出极大的功效（Věchet等，2009）。除ISR作用方式外，配制的大虎杖提取物最近还显示出对小麦白粉病具有直接抑制真菌的作用（小麦白粉病（Blumeria graminis f.sp.Tritici）;Randoux等，2008）。已发现这些提取物含有例如大黄素甲醚和大黄素的多种蒽醌衍生物。
木素
木素是高等植物木质结构的一种主要成分。已处理的木素是作为木浆反应的副产品得到的。木素产品包括例如可从亚硫酸盐、硫酸盐和碱性废液中获取的木素磺化物（lignin sulphonates）、碱性木素和氧化木素（Snook,1982,纸浆业技术手册,TAPPI,Atlanta）。
已发现木素具有多种商业用途。例如，碱溶性木素已用作分散剂。美国专利号3,726,850公开了一种碱溶性、臭氧处理的木素产品作为粘土、染料、农药、炭黑和其他材料的分散剂的用途，该木素产品基本上不含有机结合硫。美国专利号4,666,522公开了木素磺酸盐（lignosulphonate）产品用于制备蜡类、油类、油脂类、沥青类及其混合物的乳剂的用途。已报道乙酸木素对于例如用作水性油墨组合物的结合剂的应用是有用的（参见如美国专利号4,612,051）。美国专利号5,668,183公开了木素磺化物产品用于分散脂溶性物质的用途。此外，还公开了木素-杀虫剂复合物的结合剂（参见如美国专利号3,813,236、美国专利号3,929,453、重新公布的美国专利号29,238、美国专利号4,381,194、美国专利申请公开号20110015237、美国专利申请公开号2010136132、美国专利申请公开号20100278890、美国专利申请公开号20080113920、美国专利申请公开号2006247130、美国专利号7,867,507、WO2003/005816、美国专利号5,994,266）。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种制剂，该制剂包含（a）含有一种以上具有抗植物虫害活性的蒽醌衍生物的配制剂和（b）木素。所述制剂可以为干性制剂或水性制剂。尤其是，所述配制剂可以为虎杖提取物，并且所述木素可以为木素磺化物，特别是木素磺化的盐（lignin sulphonate salt）。
本发明还提供了一种获取制剂的方法，该方法包括：将（a）含有一种以上的具有抗植物虫害活性的蒽醌衍生物的制剂和（b）木素混合以特别地获得干性制剂。所述方法可以还包括将所述干性制剂与水混合。
本发明还提供了一种使用这些制剂用于（1）调节植物性病原感染、真菌感染和/或细菌感染和/或植物虫害和/或（2）调节种子发芽和/或（3）调节植物生长的方法，该方法包括用有效量的所述制剂处理所述植物和/或种子以调节植物性病原感染、真菌感染和/或细菌感染和/或植物虫害和/或调节种子发芽和/或调节所述植物的生长。可以选择地还包括一种种子衣剂（seedcoating agent）。
具体实施方式
提供的数值范围，应理解为，本发明中包含了在该范围上下限之间的每一个插入值（除非上下文清楚地指明否则为下限单位的十分之一）以及在规定范围内的任何其它的规定的或插入的值。本发明中还包含这些更小范围的上下限可以独立地包含于更小的范围内。所述规定范围包含所述限定的一个或两个，而在本发明中还包含除这些包含的限定以外的范围。
除非另有限定，本文中使用的所有技术和科学术语都具有与本发明所属领域中一名普通技术人员通常所理解的相同的意思。尽管任何与本文所描述的方法和材料类似或等同的方法和材料也可以在本发明的实践或测试中使用，但是现在描述的是优选的方法和材料。
必须注意的是，如本文和所附权利要求书中所用，除非上下文明确指出，单数形式的“一个”、“和（and）”和“该（the）”包括复数形式。例如，“一个真菌（a fungus）”也包括“真菌（fungi）”。
如本文所限定的，术语“调节”用来指改变植物性病原、细菌或真菌感染量和植物虫害量，或改变植物病原、细菌或真菌感染或植物虫害的传播率。术语“调节”还用来指改变植物种子生长量，优选地提高植物种子的生长量/率或发芽量/率。
蒽醌衍生物
蒽醌衍生物包括但不限于，大黄素甲醚、大黄素、大黄酚、翼核果醌、大黄素苷、大黄酚苷、大黄素甲醚苷、3,4-二羟基-1-甲氧基蒽醌-2-酰乙二醛（3,4-dihydroxy-1-methoxy anthraquinone-2-corboxaldehyde）、虎刺醛（damnacanthal）。这些衍生物具有类似的如下结构：
其中，R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7和R8为氢、羟基、羟烷基、卤素、羧基、烷基、烷氧基、烯基、烯氧基、炔基、炔氧基、杂环基、芳香族或芳香基、糖类如葡萄糖。
在一种特定的具体实施方案中，本发明涉及包含在来源于包括但不限于蓼科、鼠李科、豆科（Fabaceae）、独尾草科（Asphodelaceae）和茜草科的植物家族的提取物中的蒽醌衍生物。这些化合物可以从植物的任何部位如叶、茎、皮、根和果实中分离或获取。植物材料可为潮湿的和干燥的，但优选的为干燥的植物材料。在提取和纯化中使用的被归类为有机类的生化生物杀虫剂、溶剂和工艺必须符合国家有机计划（National Organic Program）（NOP）（www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/nop）的要求。
在另一种更特定的具体实施方案中，植物提取物来源于蓼科家族的成员。如本文中所限定的，“来源于”是指从特定的源或者从做为另一种选择具有确认的特征的从特定的源分离或获取的物质或有机体中直接分离或提取。在一种特定的具体实施方案中，所述组合中的提取物包含至少一种蒽醌衍生物如大黄素甲醚和可选地大黄素。所述蓼科家族的成员包括但不限于小酸模属（Acetosella）、珊瑚藤属（Antigonon）、木莲属（Aristocapsa）、卷茎蓼属（Bilderdykia）、荞麦藤属（Brunnichia）、广藿香属（Centrostegia）、棘花属（Chorizanthe）、海葡萄属（Coccoloba）、柔毛海葡萄属（Coccolobis）、喜树属（Coccolobo）、心鸟蛤属（Coccolobo）、木黄蓼属（Dedeckera）、荻乐菲茹姆属（Delopyrum）、丹特卡斯属（Dentoceras）、细长角棘花属（Dodecahema）、刺酸模属（Emex）、野荞麦属（Eriogonum）、苦荞麦属（Fafopyrum）、荞麦属（Fagopyrum）、何首乌属（Fallopia）、金垫蓼属（Gilmania）、黄刺蓼属（Goodmania）、木本翅苞蓼属（Harfordia）、互苞刺花蓼属（Hollisteria）、冰岛蓼属（Koenigia）、少蕊刺花蓼属（Lastarriaea）、加州刺花蓼属（Mucronea）、竹节蓼属（Muehlenbeckia）、毛头蓼属（Nemacaulis）、山蓼属（Oxyria）、尖苞蓼属（Oxytheca）、蓼实蝇属（Perscarioa）、春蓼属（Persicaria）、毛脉蓼属（Pleuropterus）、刺蓼树属（Podopterus）、贴茎蓼属（Polygonella）、蓼属（Polygonum）、翅苞蓼属（Pterostegia）、大黄属（Rheum）、酸模属（Rumex）、多花蓼树属（Ruprechtia）、双轮蓼属（Stenogonum）、齿苞蓼属（Systenotheca）、史山拉属（Thysanella）、多巴拉属（Tovara）、长戟叶蓼属（Tracaulon）、蓼树属（Triplaris），并更特定的具体实施方案中，所述提取物可以来源于虎杖属（或称为何首乌属）或大黄属。在最特定的具体实施方案中，所述提取物来源于大虎杖。
通过任何被国家有机计划（www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/nop）所允许使用的无机或有机溶剂可从植物材料中提取蒽醌衍生物。
例如，可以将这些材料磨碎，再用碱液提取，然后用酸液酸化，最后用有机溶剂如乙酸乙酯和丁醇提取；或者可以用有机溶剂如乙醇或乙酸乙酯直接提取已磨碎的材料；或者任何其他的方法和这些方法的组合从植物材料中提取蒽醌衍生物。然后在真空和适宜温度如20-100℃、优选30-70℃的条件下浓缩或干燥所述提取液。
木素
本文中使用的术语“木素”是指在木本植物、树木和农作物中发现的复杂的高分子化合物。木素通常是作为造纸工业的副产品生产出来的，并通过化学制浆工艺从树木分离而得。然而，任何植物源（如，硬木素、软木素、草木素、秸秆木素和竹木素）、坚果源（如，用为细粉的山核桃壳、核桃壳和花生壳等）、种子源（如，用作细粉的棉籽壳）等可用于获取适用于本文公开的组合物和方法的木素。
可以从植物、树木和/或农作物中获取的木素的实施例包括但不限于碱性木素如牛皮纸木素（硫酸酯木素）、木素的钠盐或钾盐、或苏打木素；木素磺化物（亚硫酸盐木素）；氧化木素；氯化木素；原生木素；在制浆工艺中直接获取的木素液；它们的液态或固态形式的盐；它们的衍生物；以及它们的组合物。木素可从牛皮纸制浆工艺中获取，而且一般不溶于水。木素的钠盐或钾盐一般溶于水，甚至可为液态形式。
在一种优选的具体实施方案中，使用的木素为木素磺化物，并还可称为木素磺化盐、木素磺化盐、木素磺酸盐、木素硫酸盐、木素磺酸、木质素磺酸、木素硫酸或LST7。应理解木素磺化物为在亚硫酸盐制浆工艺中作为副产品形成的水溶性阴离子聚合物。木素磺化物一般具有宽的分子量分布，通常在约500至约150000的范围内。木素磺化物可以包括作为所述磺酸盐基团的反离子（counter cations）的不同金属离子或铵离子，例如铜、锌、钙、钠、钾、镁和铝等。在特定的具体实施方案中，木素磺化物（lignin sulfonates）可以为从钙木素提取物中回收后得到的液态盐。
制剂
制剂可以为固态或液态形式。含蒽醌衍生物的配制剂可以为来源于例如大虎杖的提取物，且可以为浓乳剂（EC）、悬浮剂（SC）、微乳剂（ME）、纳米乳剂（NE）、水溶性液体（SL）、水乳剂（EW）、即用剂（ready-to-use）（RTU）以及微胶囊或纳米胶囊制剂的形式。粉剂和颗粒制剂包括但不限于水溶性粉剂（WSP）、水分散性颗粒（WDG）以及水分散性片剂（WGT）。在一种优选的实施方案中，所述木素可以为一种水溶性粉剂或液态形式的木素磺化物的盐。
在特定的具体实施方案中，本文中阐述的制剂中含蒽醌衍生物的配制剂的百分浓度为约0.01体积%-95体积%之间的范围。所述浓度优选在约0.01体积%-10体积%之间，最优选在约0.5体积%-1体积%之间。本文中阐述的所述制剂中的木素的浓度百分比为10体积%-40体积%的范围。
在更特定的具体实施方案中，（a）含有一种以上具有抗植物虫害活性的蒽醌衍生物的配制剂与（b）木素的重量比为约1:10至约10:1之间。在更特地的具体实施方案中，（a）含有一种以上具有抗植物虫害活性的蒽醌衍生物的配制剂与（b）木素的重量比为约1:1至约1:4之间。特定地，液态制剂包含（a）含有一种以上具有抗植物虫害活性的蒽醌衍生物的制剂和（b）木素的比为1:4。作为另一种选择，固态制剂包含（a）含有一种以上具有抗植物虫害活性的蒽醌衍生物的配制剂与（b）木素的比为1:1。
所述制剂可为水性制剂。可以稀释所述制剂为约100至2500倍之间。在更特定的具体实施方案中，可以稀释所述制剂为约100至200倍之间。
所述制剂可进一步包含在约0.1-5体积%范围内的抗菌剂，如苯甲酸钠、山梨酸酯或对羟基苯甲酸酯。
施用所述制剂的优选方法是使用或不使用载体的叶面施肥（如喷洒、雾化、粉化、散射或倾泻）。施用次数和施用率取决于通常7-14天间隔的病原体感染的风险。还可以通过用含有活性成分的液体制剂浸渍种子或者用固体制剂涂覆种子以施用所述制剂到种子。在其它情况下，其他类型的施用方法也是可能的。这些施用方法包括土壤浇灌，通过滴灌施用或是对种子或植物茎或芽或果实的选择处理。
种子包衣剂
以上阐述的制剂也可以与种子包衣剂组合使用。这种种子包衣剂包括但不限于以单点、多点或未知作用方式的乙二醇、聚乙二醇、壳聚糖、羧甲基壳聚糖、泥煤苔（peat moss）、树脂以及蜡或者化学杀真菌剂或者杀菌剂。
植物生长促进剂
以上阐述的制剂可以与其他生长促进剂，例如合成肥或有机肥（如颗粒状或液态磷酸氢二铵（di-ammonium phosphate））、堆肥茶（compost teas）、海藻提取物、植物生长激素以及例如芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌属、根瘤菌、木霉属的生长促进微生物组合使用，其中植物生长激素例如IAA（吲哚乙酸）单独地或者与例如IBA（吲哚基丁酸）和NAA（萘乙酸）植物生长调节剂组合用于移植的生根激素治疗。
抗植物性病原剂
以上阐述的制剂也可以与其他抗植物性病原剂，如植物提取物、生物杀虫剂、无机作物保护剂（如铜）、表面活性剂（如鼠李糖脂（rhamnolipids），Gandhi等，2007）或者天然油类，如具有杀虫性能的石蜡油和茶树油或化学杀真菌剂或杀菌剂，以单点、多点或未知作用方式组合使用。如本文中所限定的，“抗植物性病原剂”是一种调节植物病原体生长的药剂，尤其是在植物上引起传病害的病原体，或作为另外一种选择通过植物病原体防止植物感染。植物病原体包括但不限于真菌、细菌、放射菌或病毒。
如上所述，抗植物性病原剂可为单点抗真菌剂，所述单点抗真菌剂可以包括但不限于苯并咪唑、脱甲基抑制剂（DMI）（如咪唑、哌嗪、嘧啶和三唑）、吗啉、羰基嘧啶、苯胺基嘧啶、硫醇代磷酸酯（phosphorothiolate）、苯醌外部抑制剂、喹啉、二酰亚胺（dicarboximide）、酰亚胺（carboximide）、苯基酰胺、苯胺基嘧啶、苯基吡咯、芳香烃、肉桂酸、羟基苯胺、抗生素、多氧菌素、酰胺（acylamine）、苯邻二甲酰亚胺、苯环型(二甲苯基丙氨酸)（benzenoid(xylylalanine)）。在更特定的具体实施方案中，所述抗真菌剂为选自由咪唑、哌嗪、嘧啶和三唑（如联苯三唑醇（bitertanol）、腈菌唑（myclobutanil）、戊菌唑（penconazole）、丙环唑（propiconazole）、三唑酮（triadimefon）、糠菌唑（bromuconazole）、环唑醇（cyproconazole）、烯唑醇（diniconazole）、腈苯唑（fenbuconazole）、己唑醇（hexaconazole）、戊唑醇（tebuconazole）、四十烷唑（tetraconazole）)组成的组中的脱甲基抑制剂。在最特定的具体实施方案中，所述抗真菌剂为腈菌唑。然而，在另一种特定的具体实施方案中，所述抗真菌剂是一种苯醌外部抑制剂（如嗜球果伞素（strobilurin））。所述嗜球果伞素可以包括但不限于嘧菌酯（azoxystrobin）、醚菌酯（kresoxim-methyl）或肟菌酯（trifloxystrobin）。在另一种特定的具体实施方案中，所述抗真菌剂为醌，如苯氧喹啉（quinoxyfen）（5,7-二氯-4-喹啉4-氟苯基醚）。
在进一步的具体实施方案中，所述杀真菌剂为选自由氯腈、喹喔啉、磺酰胺、磷酸酯、亚磷酸盐、二硫代氨基甲酸酯、氯化烷基硫代物（chloralkythios）、苯基吡啶-胺、氰基-乙胺肟组成的组的多点非无机化学杀真菌剂。
在进一步的具体实施方案中，所述抗植物性病原剂可以为链霉素、四环素、土霉素、铜、春雷霉素。
实施例
下列实施例是对本发明的进一步阐述。所述组分和特定的成分作为典型以展示，并且可以在本发明范围内根据上述公开可以衍生出各种改进。
与没有采用木素磺化物的紫菀科植物组合物相比，在本发明详述的所述组合物能更好地预防植物真菌或细菌感染。
实施例I：制剂的制备
本实施例说明了一种杀真菌喷雾浓缩液的制备。制备下列成分的混合物：将5份紫菀科植物的干燥乙醇提取物和20份干燥木素磺酸钠混合，并在反向的圆筒搅拌机中混合不少于5分钟。将混合的干燥混合物与75份去离子水混合，温和搅拌直至混合均匀。
实施例II：水溶性粉剂（WSP）制剂在控制黄瓜白粉病中的功效。
温室中黄瓜（cv.“SMR58”）生长至一到两片真叶期并适合用于实验。每一处理重复4次，且在每次处理中对每颗植株喷洒3ml。植株干燥后，将黄瓜白粉病菌的分生孢子悬浮液以3.5x105个孢子/毫升的量接种到植株上。喷洒的分生孢子悬浮液的量为每颗植株2ml。以随机化的完全区域设计安排处理，并且已处理的植株在温室中25-30℃下进行接种。在接种7天后对病害严重性进行评估。采用ANOVA对数据进行分析，并在p=0.05的标准时采用图基检验（Tukey test）将平均值分开。所述结果如表I所示。
表I
与水份控制（p=0.0003）相比，最新的以木素配制剂配制出的大虎杖在控制黄瓜白粉病方面显示出显著功效，而空白制剂没有显示出功效。所述木素配制剂含有1%苯甲酸钠（抗菌剂）。
实施例III、大虎杖提取物+木素新制剂WPS和大虎杖提取物5%ME（微乳液）在控制黄瓜白粉病功效上的对比。
如上所述生长植株。每次处理重复4次，且每次处理中对每颗植株喷洒3ml制剂。植株干燥后，用分生孢子悬浮液以2.3x105个孢子/毫升的量接种到植株上。喷洒的分生孢子的量为每颗植株2ml，且在温室中25-30℃下进行接种。
接种8天后对病害严重性进行评估。采用ANOVA对数据进行分析，并在p=0.05的标准时采用图基检验将平均值分开。根据下表II所示，与当前的5%ME制剂相比，该制剂表现出更好的功效。
表II
实施例IV、大虎杖提取物+木素新制剂WSP和水分散性颗粒（WDG）在控制黄瓜白粉病上的功效。
使用来自不同提取批次中的五批植物提取物配制水溶性粉剂（WSP）和水分散颗粒（WDG）。如上所述生长试验植株。每次处理重复4次，且每次处理中对每颗植株喷洒3ml制剂。植株干燥后，用分生孢子悬浮液以2.9x105个孢子/毫升的量接种到植株上。喷洒的分生孢子的量为每颗植株2ml，且在温室中25-30℃下进行接种。接种10天后对病害严重性进行评估。采用ANOVA对数据进行分析，并在p=0.05的标准时采用图基检验将平均值分开。试验结果如表III所示。
表III
与水分控制（p<0.0001）相比，最新的以木素配制剂配制出的大虎杖提取物用作WSP和WDG在控制黄瓜白粉病方面都表现出显著功效。
实施例V、不同比率的大虎杖提取物+木素新制剂WSP和新制剂WDG标记率（label rate）在控制黄瓜白粉病中的功效。
在同样的比率下比较配制大虎杖提取物为WSP的三种比率和当前的制剂大虎杖提取物20%ME，并且还评估为WDG的较低标记率的提取物在控制黄瓜白粉病中的功效。实验过程在实施例II-IV中描述。每次处理重复4次，且每次处理中对每一植株施加3ml所述制剂。植株干燥处理后，对每一植株接种2毫升3.6x105孢子/毫升的分生孢子悬浮液。在温室中25-30℃下培育已接种植株。接种7天后评估病害严重度。如实施例II-IV中提到的分析数据。实验结果如表IV中所示。
表IV
与当前制剂产品大虎杖提取物20%ME相比，配制为WSP的大虎杖提取物具有更好或相似的变化小的功效。与水分检测相比，配制为WDG的提取物还具有显著的更好的疾病控制。
实施例VI、大虎杖提取物+木素新制剂WSP和WDG在控制番茄植株疫霉病菌中的功效
将大虎杖提取物配制为WSP和WDG。评估两种制剂在控制番茄疫霉病菌叶枯病中的功效。在温室中种植cv“Roma”，直至2片真叶期。在青豆培养基中培育疫霉的分离菌（isolate）7天（150g青豆在500毫升121℃的水中高压杀菌0.5小时，并用两层纱布过滤以去除种皮。在过滤液中加入20g琼脂，并将过滤液体积增至1000ml。培养基在121℃高压杀菌15分钟）并用无菌水洗掉孢子囊。在室温下（约25℃）培养孢子囊悬浮液1-2小时以释放游动孢子。调节所述悬浮液至1.0x105孢子/毫升。
每次处理有3个单植株。每次处理中，采用手持喷雾器对每个植株施加3ml处理。在容器中为了培育进行干枯处理后，将10ml孢子悬浮液均匀施于所有植株上。密封所述容器以保持高湿度，并在25℃阴暗处培育所述植株3天。接种7天后对病害进行评估。结果显示于表V中。如表V所示，与当前20%ME制剂相比，以木素配制剂配制的大虎杖提取物在控制疫霉病菌叶枯病中显示出类似的功效，而与水分控制相比，显示出病害严重度降低。意外地发现，来自大虎杖的干枯的植物提取物和干枯的磺化木浆（又名木素磺酸盐）提取物的混合物形成物理和化学稳定的粉剂，所述粉剂易于混合且与水以多种比例形成当施加于生长中的植株可预防真菌感染的喷射溶剂。
表V(P=0.0485)
虽然本发明参照具体实施方案已进行了描述，但发明的详细内容并不受其限制，显然，可使用各种等同条件、变化和修改方式，且均在本发明范围之内解释。
本说明书中引用了各种参考文献，其中每一参考文献通过整体引用并入本文。
参考文献
Daayf,F.,A.Schmitt等.(1995)，“大虎杖的植物提取物对白粉病发展和长英黄瓜的叶片生理的作用”植物病害79:577-580。
Durrant,W.E.and X.Dong(2004)，“系统获得抗性”植物病理学年刊42:185-209。
Kuc,J.,(2000)，“植物诱发系统抗性的发展和未来方向”作物保护19:859-861。
Schmitt,A.(2002)，“大虎杖植物提取物的诱发反应：个案研究”Bull.IOBC/WPRS_25:83-89。
van Loon,L.E.,Bakker,P.A.H.M.和Pieterse,S C.M.J.(1998)，“根际细菌诱发的系统抗性”植物病理学年刊36:453–83。
Věchet,L.,L.Burketova等(2009)，“野外条件下诱发抗性对小麦白粉病（小麦白粉病）功效的对比研究”作物保护28:151-154。
Wurms,K.,C.Labbe等(1999)，“米尔莎娜（Milsana）和苯并噻二唑对黄瓜中白粉病吸器超微结构的功效”植物病理学89:728-736。
Claims (16)
1.一种制剂，该制剂包含（a）含有一种以上具有抗植物虫害活性的蒽醌衍生物配制剂和（b）木素。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的制剂，其中，含有一种以上具有抗植物虫害活性的蒽醌衍生物的所述配制剂为来源于蓼科、鼠李科、豆科、独尾草科和茜草科的植物家族的提取物。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的制剂，其中，含有一种以上具有抗植物虫害活性的蒽醌衍生物的所述配制剂为来源于大虎杖（Reynoutriasachalinensis）的提取物。
4.根据权利要求1中所述的制剂，其中，所述蒽醌衍生物具有结构
其中，R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7和R8为氢、羟基、羟烷基、卤素、羧基、烷基、烷氧基、烯基、烯氧基、炔基、炔氧基、杂环基、芳香族或芳香基或糖类。
5.根据权利要求1中所述的制剂，其中，所述蒽醌衍生物选自由大黄素甲醚、大黄素、大黄酚、翼核果醌、大黄素苷、大黄酚苷、大黄素甲醚苷、3,4-二羟基-1-甲氧基蒽醌-2-酰乙二醛和虎刺醛组成的组。
6.根据权利要求1中所述的制剂，其中，所述木素为碱性木素、氧化木素、氯化木素、原生木素、木素液或盐或者它们的衍生物。
7.根据权利要求1中所述的制剂，其中，所述木素为木素磺酸盐或其盐。
8.根据权利要求7中所述的制剂，其中，所述木素磺酸盐为木素磺酸盐的钠、钾、锂、钙、镁或铵盐。
9.根据权利要求1中所述的制剂，其中，（a）含有一种以上具有抗植物虫害活性的蒽醌衍生物的配制剂与（b）木素的重量比为约1:10至约10:1之间。
10.根据权利要求1中所述的制剂，其中，所述制剂为水性制剂。
11.根据权利要求1中所述的制剂，其中，所述制剂为水分散性颗粒或水溶性粉剂的形式。
12.一种生产权利要求1所述的制剂的方法，该方法包括将（a）含有一种以上具有抗植物虫害活性的蒽醌衍生物的配制剂与（b）木素以及任意的（c）水混合。
13.根据权利要求12中所述的方法，其中，将约1份（a）含有一种以上具有抗植物虫害活性的蒽醌衍生物的配制剂和（b）约1至约9份木素混合以得到干性制剂。
14.一种生产水性制剂的方法，该方法包括将约1份根据权利要求9所述方法制得的干性制剂与约100份至约2500份水混合，所述水性制剂包含（a）含有一种以上具有抗植物虫害活性的蒽醌衍生物的配制剂和（b）木素。
15.一种用于（1）调节植物性病原感染、真菌感染和/或细菌感染和/或植物虫害和/或（2）调节种子发芽和/或（3）调节植物生长的方法，该方法包括用有效量的制剂处理植物和/或种子以调节植物性病原感染、真菌感染和/或细菌感染和/或植物虫害和/或调节种子发芽和/或调节所述植物的生长。
16.一种（a）含有一种以上具有抗植物虫害活性的蒽醌衍生物的配制剂和（b）木素用于制备权利要求1的所述制剂用于调节植物性病原感染、真菌感染和/或细菌感染和/或植物虫害和/或用于调节种子发芽和/或调节所述植物的生长的应用。
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| DE19638021A1 (de) * | 1996-09-18 | 1998-03-19 | Basf Ag | Fungizide Mischung, deren Verwendung und sie enhaltende Mittel |
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2012
- 2012-02-02 AU AU2012212184A patent/AU2012212184B2/en active Active
- 2012-02-02 CN CN2012800070215A patent/CN103338635A/zh active Pending
- 2012-02-02 BR BR112013019687A patent/BR112013019687A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-02-02 MX MX2013008997A patent/MX2013008997A/es unknown
- 2012-02-02 CA CA2825975A patent/CA2825975A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-02-02 EP EP12742235.0A patent/EP2670240A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-02-02 US US13/364,400 patent/US20120196751A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-02-02 WO PCT/US2012/023571 patent/WO2012106487A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-02-02 RU RU2013139990/13A patent/RU2013139990A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-02-02 JP JP2013552616A patent/JP2014504641A/ja active Pending
- 2012-02-02 KR KR1020137022442A patent/KR20140014151A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2013
- 2013-07-22 IL IL227609A patent/IL227609A0/en unknown
- 2013-08-01 CR CR20130375A patent/CR20130375A/es unknown
- 2013-08-02 CO CO13184701A patent/CO6791610A2/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-08-02 EC ECSP13012805 patent/ECSP13012805A/es unknown
- 2013-08-02 GT GT201300192A patent/GT201300192A/es unknown
- 2013-08-02 CL CL2013002224A patent/CL2013002224A1/es unknown
- 2013-08-27 MA MA36207A patent/MA34925B1/fr unknown
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| CN1351835A (zh) * | 2001-12-11 | 2002-06-05 | 段民生 | 一种博落回植物粉剂农药 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20120196751A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
| IL227609A0 (en) | 2013-09-30 |
| KR20140014151A (ko) | 2014-02-05 |
| EP2670240A1 (en) | 2013-12-11 |
| BR112013019687A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
| ECSP13012805A (es) | 2013-09-30 |
| MX2013008997A (es) | 2013-08-29 |
| CA2825975A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
| AU2012212184A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
| CL2013002224A1 (es) | 2014-04-04 |
| GT201300192A (es) | 2014-08-27 |
| EP2670240A4 (en) | 2014-07-02 |
| RU2013139990A (ru) | 2015-03-10 |
| CR20130375A (es) | 2013-09-20 |
| MA34925B1 (fr) | 2014-02-01 |
| WO2012106487A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
| JP2014504641A (ja) | 2014-02-24 |
| CO6791610A2 (es) | 2013-11-14 |
| AU2012212184B2 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
| NZ613326A (en) | 2015-02-27 |
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