CN103333722A - Conversion process and equipment of surficial biogenic coalbed gas - Google Patents
Conversion process and equipment of surficial biogenic coalbed gas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an energy saving method and equipment and particularly relates to a conversion process and equipment of surficial biogenic coalbed gas. The conversion process is characterized in that coal (6) is placed in a container, methane microbe and/or methane microbe nutrient solution is added into the container to convert volatile components into methane gas, and the methane gas is recycled and utilized. The conversion process has the beneficial effects of convenience for implementation, controllable process, capability of fully converting the volatile components of coal into methane gas for utilization, simple equipment and low cost, and the heat value of the coal is not reduced so as to greatly improve the utilization rate of the coal and greatly reduce the environmental pollution of fire coal, so that the conversion process is expected to become new coal utilization manner with high popularization speed and wide application range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power-economizing method and equipment, i.e. a kind of earth's surface biological coal-seam gas conversion process and equipment.
Background technology
Coal-seam gas refer to depend on and free and coal solid carbon between gaseous substance, wherein comprise inflammable gas and can form the volatile matter of inflammable gas under certain condition.The material that volatile matter is made up of compounds such as various hydrocarbon polymers, hydrogen, carbon monoxide.Coal contains a large amount of volatile matters, and particularly the coal-forming process is than short brown coal, and volatile content is up to more than 40%.In exploitation and storage and transport process, volatile matter runs off easily, and can cause blast accident.In combustion processes, the coal that volatile matter is high easily produces unburnt carbon granules, is commonly called as " black smoke ", and produces pollutents such as more carbon monoxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, and the thermo-efficiency of coal is reduced, and environmental pollution is serious.According to pertinent data, the volatile matter of coal can be separated from coal by physics, chemistry and biological method, biological method wherein mainly is to utilize the microbiological degradation organic matter, and organic matter transformation is become with methane is the rule of the inflammable gas of main component.For this reason, the microorganism of filling microorganism or remaining down actively to subterranean coal is attempted by the country that has, and volatile matter is converted into be similar to the inflammable gas of Sweet natural gas, exploitation utilization again., because the subsurface picture complexity, uncertain factor is in the majority, and the control difficulty is very big, and implementation result has nothing in common with each other, and still is in the exploratory stage at present.So far, how under the prerequisite of the quality that does not reduce coal, the negative impact of coal-seam gas is avoided in the effect of performance coal-seam gas, becomes a difficult problem of paying close attention in the industry.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of being convenient to and implement, process is controlled, and the bio-transformation of obvious results coal-seam gas utilizes method, and the equipment of implementing this method.
Above-mentioned purpose is realized by following technical scheme: a kind of earth's surface biological coal-seam gas conversion process is provided, be characterized in: coal is put into container, add methanogen and/or methanogen nutritive medium, volatile matter is changed into methane gas, collect again and utilize methane gas.
Said methanogen nutritive medium is water or water and organic mixed fermentation liquid.
Said methanogen nutritive medium is sludge liquid or biomass marsh gas fermented liquid.
Said methanogen nutritive medium is to be made by following material by weight: nutritive medium is to get corn stalk powder 8-10 part by weight, alfalfa meal 2-3 part, peat composed of rotten mosses powder 3-4 part, wheat bran skin 1-2 part, caragana microphylla powder 2-3 part, sweet wormwood 0.2-0.3 part, Radix Glycyrrhizae 0.1-0.2 part, the human excrement 3-4 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed, brown coal powder 5-6 part adds water 90-100 part.
Said methanogen nutritive medium is with 90-100 ℃ of above-mentioned materials mixing post-heating or is heated to 75-80 ℃ under 0.5-0.6MPa, through sterilization in 20-30 minute, namely becomes nutritive medium after the cooling.
Said container is by loam cake, goes to the bottom and transformation pot that all around wallboard surrounds, is provided with air collecting pipe above, and air collecting pipe is provided with valve.
Cover on the said transformation pot and be provided with topping up pipe and safety valve.
Said air collecting pipe is provided with gas-liquid separator, and gas-liquid separator has the separate cup of a setting, and the middle part of separate cup connects the upper end of air collecting pipe, and the bottom of separate cup connects liquid discharge pipe, and liquid discharge pipe takes back transformation pot, the last termination pneumatic tube of separate cup.
Be provided with topping up pipe and air collecting pipe above the loam cake of said transformation pot, the middle part of termination separate cup on the air collecting pipe, the bottom of separate cup connects liquid discharge pipe, and liquid discharge pipe connects the topping up pipe, the last termination pneumatic tube of separate cup.
Said transformation pot is to excavate the coal methane-generating pit of building by laying bricks or stones in soil layer.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: be convenient to implement, process is controlled, the material that the volatilization of coal can be graded fully changes into the methane combustion gas and is used, and the calorific value of coal does not reduce, thereby has significantly improved the utilization ratio of coal, has significantly reduced the coal-fired pollution to environment, and equipment is simple, with low cost, it is fast to be expected to become spreading speed, the new mode of the coal utilization of applied range.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of first kind of embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the front view of second kind of embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the front view of the third embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the front view of the 4th kind of embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the front view of the 5th kind of embodiment;
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of the 5th kind of embodiment;
Fig. 7 is the front view of the 6th kind of embodiment.
Among the figure as seen: transformation pot 1, still wall 2, kettle cover 3, opening 4, at the bottom of the still 5, coal 6, topping up pipe 7, safety valve 8, air collecting pipe 9, gas-liquid separator 10, pneumatic tube 11, separate cup 12, liquid discharge pipe 13, submersible pump 14, water tank 15, soil layer 16.
Embodiment
The total design of the present invention is at airtight container that coal is packed into, charges into the methanogen nutritive medium, and methanogen is grown in a large number, and is the material decomposition of grading of the volatilization in the coal inflammable gas in the process of growing.Introduce five kinds of embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
First kind of embodiment: Fig. 1 introduced a kind of coal volatile matter that can be used to transform, and extracts the container of coal-seam gas, and this container can be diversified, preferably adopt steel plate to make, also can adopt masonry, cement masonry, also can be clay structure, as long as can airtightly be filled with water.
Fig. 1 introduction be a kind of simple conversion still 1, by 5 surrounding at the bottom of the still wall 2 at four sides and the kettle cover 3, still.Kettle cover 3 can integral body be opened, and is provided with opening 4 above the kettle cover 3, and opening 4 can be used as the entrance of filling microorganism or microbial nutrient solution in the still, also can be used as the outlet of outside transporting combustible gases.
The volume of transformation pot 1 can design as required, and the transformation pot volume that adopts in the experiment reaches 18m
3, the 11 tons of brown coal coals 6 of once packing into are closed loam cake 3, charge into the methanogen nutritive medium in then from opening 4 to still.The kind of methanogen nutritive medium is a lot, under the more situation of microorganism, can charge into water and get final product in recording coal.In general, only depend on the microorganism in the coal, aerogenesis is slower, preferably fills methanobacteria and the needed nutritive medium of methanobacteria procreation activity thereof.
Methanobacteria is the microorganism of a class complexity, the decomposition of every participation organic substance, fermentation, metabolism, is converted into microorganism general designation methanogen or the methanobacteria of methane process.Because it is very complicated that the organic substance decomposition produces the process of methane, so methanobacteria is not simple a kind of bacterium, but the general name of many kinds of bacteriums according to relevant research statistics, has tens to belong to thousands of kinds more than.Methanobacteria can be divided into decomposer and methanogen by its effect during the fermentation.Decomposer also claims not methanogen, main is zymogenic bacteria, produces the hydrogen acetogen and consume the hydrogen acetogen, mostly be obligate anaerobes, as cellulose-decomposing bacteria, protein decomposing bacteria, steatolysis bacterium and bacterium such as hydrogenogens, acetogen etc. that some are special.Through relevant department's research, known in marsh gas fermentation processes, not methanogenic bacterium has 18 to belong to 50 kinds, comprising bacterium, fungi and protista.Decomposer can be resolved into organic substance complicated in the fermentation raw material simple organic substance such as formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid, methyl alcohol gradually, and gas such as carbonic acid gas, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, also provide available carbon source and the energy for methane-producing bacteria simultaneously.Methanogen is the microorganism that during the fermentation various simple organic substances is converted into methane.At present known methanogen mainly contains thermophilic autotrophy methagen, Bu Shi methagen, formic acid methagen, ruminates the methane tyrothricin, has a liking for trees methane tyrothricin, Shi Shi methane tyrothricin, methanococcus mazei, Wo Shi methane coccus, ten thousand Nissls produce methane coccus, Black Sea methanogen, Ka Liyaku methanogen, motion methane germ, Xiang Shi methane spirillum, Pasteur's sarcina methanica etc.Organic decomposition and the building-up process of methane are finished in decomposer and methanobacteria interdependence jointly.
Because methanogen separates, cultivates, preserves relatively difficulty, the used material of this experiment is mainly obtained by three approach: the one, adopt commercially available methanobacteria and nutrient material.The 2nd, take hole, pond mud and make.The 3rd, in prior biological matter methane-generating pit, obtain bacterial classification or directly utilize its fermentation liquid.Certainly, can also obtain the nutritive substance of methanobacteria and methanobacteria by other approach.
Because transformation pot is buried underground, fermenting process heat production in addition, natural temperature is suitable for fermentation in the still between 25-35 ℃.The consumption of microbial nutrient solution is the upper limit to be full of the coal gap in the experiment, generally seal 10 after, get final product aerogenesis, average daily gas reaches 1 standard side, the quality of aerogenesis all meets the standard of Sweet natural gas.The aerogenesis time can reach 20 months, obtains combustion gas 500 in many ways.After 20 months, gas production rate die-offs, and opens kettle cover, takes out coal, detects through national specialized department, extracts the later coal of volatile matter, and its calorific value goes up not down, and slightly improves, and can normally use fully.
Second kind of embodiment: the transformation pot 1 of Fig. 2 introduction is to improve on the basis of first kind of embodiment to form, and also is by 5 surrounding at the bottom of the still wall 2 at four sides and kettle cover 3, the still, and coal 6 is filled in the inside.Also be provided with opening 4 above the kettle cover 3.Its improvement is: opening 4 is respectively topping up pipe 7 and air collecting pipe 9, and is provided with safety valve 8.The safety valve that exemplifies 8 here is a constant pressure valve, and this safety valve also is a purging valve except guaranteeing safety.During work, in still, fill methanobacteria and nutritive medium by topping up pipe 7.By air collecting pipe 9 output methane gass, for people to use.
The third embodiment: as shown in Figure 3, transformation pot 15 surrounds at the bottom of by the still wall 2 at four sides and loam cake 3, still.Be provided with topping up pipe 7, safety valve 8 and air collecting pipe 9 above the kettle cover 3.Air collecting pipe 9 upper ends are provided with gas-liquid separator 10, and the structure of gas-liquid separator 10 can have multiple, and what introduce among the figure is a kind of fairly simple form.The main body of this gas-liquid separator 10 is separate cups 12 cylindraceous, and the middle part of separate cup 12 is connected in the upper end of air collecting pipe 9, and the upper end of separate cup 12 picks out pneumatic tube 11, and the lower end picks out liquid discharge pipe 13, and liquid discharge pipe 13 lower ends enter in the transformation pot.Be provided with submersible pump 14 in the bottom of air collecting pipe 9.During work, submersible pump 14 upwards delivers into the separate cup 12 of gas-liquid separator 10 to the liquid that contains methane, and liquid is by gravity fall, and gets back in the transformation pot from liquid discharge pipe 13, above inflammable gas in the liquid floats over because proportion is little, and send by pneumatic tube 11.
The 4th kind of embodiment: as shown in Figure 4, this transformation pot 1 is basic identical with the third embodiment, also is by 5 surrounding at the bottom of the still wall 2 at four sides and loam cake 3, the still.Be provided with topping up pipe 7, safety valve 8 and air collecting pipe 9 above the kettle cover 3.Air collecting pipe 9 upper ends are provided with gas-liquid separator 10, and air collecting pipe 9 lower ends are deep into the transformation pot bottom, and by cylinder mould submersible pump 14 are housed.The main body of gas-liquid separator 10 is columned separate cups 12, and the middle part of separate cup 12 is connected in the upper end of air collecting pipe 9, and the upper end of separate cup 12 picks out pneumatic tube 11, and the lower end picks out liquid discharge pipe 13.Difference is: topping up pipe 7 is inserted in the lower end of liquid discharge pipe 13.Water tank 15 is equipped with in the upper end of topping up pipe 7, water tank 15 the inside splendid attire microbial nutrient solutions.During work, submersible pump 14 upwards delivers into separate cup 12 to the liquid that contain methane, and liquid is by gravity fall, and gets back in the still from topping up pipe 7, above the inflammable gas in the liquid floats over because proportion is little, and sends by pneumatic tube 11.
The 5th kind of embodiment: shown in Figure 6 as Fig. 5, the air collecting pipe 9 of this transformation pot 1 is in the centre, and topping up pipe 7 has four, is distributed on four angles.This structure can be spreaded to multiple spot evenly arranges topping up pipe 7, and the microbial nutrient solution input is more even, and the collection position of inflammable gas also relatively rationally, is particularly suitable for the bigger transformation pot of volume.
The 6th kind of embodiment: as shown in Figure 7, transformation pot 1 is to form at soil layer 16 excavations, adopts soil or masonry to build by laying bricks or stones on every side, is the kettle cover with certain intensity above, can adopt cement plate or bamboo wood to constitute, and covers with soil above.Also can after filling coal, directly use soil to cover, reserve opening 4 and get final product.The parts such as topping up pipe 7, safety valve 8, air collecting pipe 9 and gas-liquid separator 10 of several embodiment before can certainly adopting.This structure is just as present civilian biomass marsh gas pond, and cost is lower, and scale is changeable, is convenient to penetration and promotion.
The 7th kind of embodiment: since 2012, under relevant expert's assistance, we find a cover making nutritive medium and bacterial classification to expand numerous method through a large amount of experiments.
Nutritive medium is to get corn stalk powder 8-10 part by weight, alfalfa meal 2-3 part, and peat composed of rotten mosses powder 3-4 part, wheat bran skin 1-2 part, caragana microphylla powder 2-3 part, sweet wormwood 0.2-0.3 part, Radix Glycyrrhizae 0.1-0.2 part, the human excrement 3-4 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed, brown coal powder 5-6 part adds water 90-100 part.Clover grass wherein is a kind of pulse family Medicago per nnial herb, rich in proteins and carbohydrate.Caragana microphylla (Caragana Korshinskii Kom) contains crude protein 22.9% for the pulse family Caragana big shrub forage plant of falling leaves.Sweet wormwood (Artemisiaapiacea Hancc) is catananche, has the effect that suppresses varied bacteria growing.Radix Glycyrrhizae (formal name used at school: Glycyrrhiza uralensis), have another name called Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., per nnial herb, belonging to the pulse family main component is Potenlini (glycyrrhizic acid), is sour converting material.Corn stalk powder is the main source of carbohydrate, and alfalfa meal, caragana microphylla powder, human excrement are the main source of albumen nutrient, and peat composed of rotten mosses powder, brown coal powder are main carbon source material.With 90-100 ℃ of above-mentioned materials mixing post-heating or under 0.5-0.6MPa, be heated to 75-80 ℃, through sterilization in 20-30 minute, namely become nutritive medium after the cooling.
The commercially available Ovshinsky methagen of adding 100 strains in the nutritive medium/more than the g material, wherein, the ratio 1 of producing methagen MOH bacterial strain and producing " S " bacterial strain of hydrogen acetogen: 1.2-1.5 is advisable.Adjust pH value=7-8, at 25-30 ℃ of bottom fermentation after 72 hours, sampling inspection in per 2 days once, record data show, cultivate after 10 days, its viable bacteria is measured can reach 2.23-3.24 hundred million/g.Can directly add reactor, also can add in mud or the biogas fermentative liquid to expand and numerously use again.
In order to prove the effect of this nutritive medium, we once be repeatedly contrast experiment, and the methanobacteria reproduction speed of experimental result explanation nutritive medium is fast, and assorted bacterium is few.Exemplify one group of test data below:
The nutritive medium experiment material: it is experimental group that the methane bacterial classification adds above-mentioned nutritive medium, mud and methane liquid be high-temperature sterilization respectively, all mending into methanobacteria by the level of 100 strains/g is control group, at 28-30 ℃ of bottom fermentation, record numerical value compares, get three repeated experiments data and average result such as following table:
As seen the reproduction speed of methanobacteria significantly improves in the nutritive medium, has a good application prospect.
Above-mentioned three kinds of nutritive mediums are used for transformation pot after the inoculation expansion is numerous, with existing three 18m
3Transformation pot compare, get the mean value that repeats for 3 times, obtain day the comparison sheet of high yield tolerance and total gas production:
As seen the gas deliverability of this nutritive medium has higher use value apparently higher than control group.
In addition, above-mentioned three kinds of nutritive mediums or two kinds of mixing are wherein used and are also had satisfied effect.
Claims (10)
1. an earth's surface biological coal-seam gas conversion process is characterized in that: coal (6) is put into container, add methanogen and/or methanogen nutritive medium, volatile matter is changed into methane gas, collect and utilize methane gas.
2. earth's surface biological coal-seam gas conversion process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said methanogen nutritive medium is water or water and organic mixed fermentation liquid.
3. earth's surface biological coal-seam gas conversion process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said methanogen nutritive medium is sludge liquid or biomass marsh gas fermented liquid.
4. earth's surface biological coal-seam gas conversion process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said methanogen nutritive medium is to be made by following material by weight: nutritive medium is to get corn stalk powder 8-10 part by weight, alfalfa meal 2-3 part, peat composed of rotten mosses powder 3-4 part, wheat bran skin 1-2 part, caragana microphylla powder 2-3 part, sweet wormwood 0.2-0.3 part, Radix Glycyrrhizae 0.1-0.2 part, the human excrement 3-4 part of becoming thoroughly decomposed, brown coal powder 5-6 part adds water 90-100 part.
5. earth's surface biological coal-seam gas conversion process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said methanogen nutritive medium is with 90-100 ℃ of above-mentioned materials mixing post-heating or is heated to 75-80 ℃ under 0.5-0.6MPa, through sterilization in 20-30 minute, namely become nutritive medium after the cooling.
6. earth's surface biological coal-seam gas conversion process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said container is by loam cake, goes to the bottom and transformation pot (1) that all around wallboard surrounds, is provided with air collecting pipe (9) above, and air collecting pipe (9) is provided with valve.
7. earth's surface biological coal-seam gas conversion process according to claim 6 is characterized in that: cover on the said transformation pot (1) and be provided with topping up pipe (7) and safety valve (8).
8. earth's surface biological coal-seam gas conversion process according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: said air collecting pipe (9) is provided with gas-liquid separator (10), gas-liquid separator (10) has the separate cup (12) of a setting, the middle part of separate cup (12) connects the upper end of air collecting pipe (9), the bottom of separate cup (12) connects liquid discharge pipe (13), liquid discharge pipe (13) takes back transformation pot (1), the last termination pneumatic tube (11) of separate cup (12).
9. earth's surface biological coal-seam gas conversion process according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: be provided with topping up pipe (7) and air collecting pipe (9) above the loam cake of said transformation pot (1), air collecting pipe (9) is gone up the middle part of termination separate cup (12), the bottom of separate cup (12) connects liquid discharge pipe (13), liquid discharge pipe (13) connects topping up pipe (7), the last termination pneumatic tube (11) of separate cup (12).
10. earth's surface biological coal-seam gas conversion process according to claim 6 is characterized in that: said transformation pot (1) is to excavate the coal methane-generating pit of building by laying bricks or stones in soil layer (16).
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111979275A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-24 | 太原理工大学 | Method for improving yield of coal-based biomethane by using waste organic matters |
| CN114921518A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-08-19 | 成都能生材科技开发有限责任公司 | Nano-microorganism co-production technology for coal bed adsorbed gas, coal-to-hydrogen gas and coal-to-methane |
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| CN103045652A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-04-17 | 山西晋城无烟煤矿业集团有限责任公司 | Method for converting brown coal into methane by utilizing microorganism |
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| WO2007022122A2 (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2007-02-22 | University Of Wyoming Research Corporation D/B/A Western Research Institute | Biogenic methane production enhancement systems |
| CN102559772A (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2012-07-11 | 北京科技大学 | Method for increasing production of coal bed methane by using exogenous microorganisms |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111979275A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-24 | 太原理工大学 | Method for improving yield of coal-based biomethane by using waste organic matters |
| CN114921518A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-08-19 | 成都能生材科技开发有限责任公司 | Nano-microorganism co-production technology for coal bed adsorbed gas, coal-to-hydrogen gas and coal-to-methane |
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