CN103332828B - 一种节能高效的循环水养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种节能高效的循环水养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103332828B CN103332828B CN201310233993.2A CN201310233993A CN103332828B CN 103332828 B CN103332828 B CN 103332828B CN 201310233993 A CN201310233993 A CN 201310233993A CN 103332828 B CN103332828 B CN 103332828B
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- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound 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- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- CVTZKFWZDBJAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].N Chemical compound 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[N].N CVTZKFWZDBJAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种节能高效的循环水养殖方法，包括养殖池和水质净化区，养殖池中的污水经过水质净化区处理后循环利用，水质净化区处理污水包括以下步骤：过滤沉淀污水中的大颗粒物质；沉淀吸附污水悬浮颗粒；微生物硝化作用吸收分解污水中溶解性污染物质；沉淀吸附污水中悬浮颗粒物质；厌氧反硝化吸附分解污水中溶解性污染物质；去除污水中微生物因代谢所产生的废气并增氧。本发明在水质净化区内对养殖池产生的污水进行处理再循环返回养殖池，其中在水质净化区主要是利用物理方法和微生物多次过滤吸附悬浮颗粒和吸附分解溶解性污染物质，并在循环水入养殖池前进行曝气和增氧处理，通过上述的步骤，从而达到高效处理的目的。本发明可应用于水产养殖。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及水产养殖领域，特别是一种节能高效的循环水养殖方法。
背景技术
[0002] 循环养殖方式具有不受气候环境影响、节水、省地、环保、单位面积生产量高等诸多优点，已成为当前世界水产养殖业的前沿产业，是实现我国水产品质量安全的新途径，亦是加快提高现代渔业设施水平，调整渔业产业结构，推进渔业可持续发展的有效方式之一。
[0003] 循环水养殖中的技术关键是养殖用水的净化处理及重复利用，即建立以保护环境为基点的封闭内循环养殖系统，它的核心技术是水处理技术，其关键技术是生物净化。该养殖模式通过养殖用水的循环利用，经微生物的作用，将水体中的有害物质营养盐类转化降解，达到净化水质、增加养殖效率、提高饲料转化率、实现零排放或最小排放的目的。因此，如何保持循环水养殖系统中的生态平衡，有效清除养殖动物排泄的有机物和氮等有害物质，开展循环水生物处理工艺创新优化，提高养殖水处理效率，是实现工厂化循环水养殖技术升级的重要内容之一。
[0004] 目前，工厂化循环水养殖系统由于处理工艺较单一，水处理效率不高。
发明内容
[0005] 为了克服上述技术问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种节能高效的循环水养殖方法。
[0006] 本发明所采用的技术方案是:
[0007] 一种节能高效的循环水养殖方法,包括养殖池和水质净化区,养殖池中的污水经过水质净化区处理后循环利用，水质净化区处理污水包括以下步骤:
[0008] a.过滤沉淀污水中的大颗粒物质；
[0009] b.沉淀吸附污水悬浮颗粒；
[0010] c.微生物硝化作用吸收分解污水中溶解性污染物质；
[0011] d.沉淀吸附污水中悬浮颗粒物质；
[0012] e.厌氧反硝化吸附分解污水中溶解性污染物质；
[0013] f.去除污水中微生物因代谢所产生的废气并增氧。
[0014] 作为上述技术方案的进一步改进，所述步骤a中使用弹性填料过滤沉淀，并用对虾摄食弹性填料中的膜物质及沉淀下的颗粒物质。
[0015] 作为上述技术方案的进一步改进，所述步骤b使用多层筛絹网，形成生物膜沉淀吸附污水悬浮颗粒，且养殖对虾摄食生物膜上物质。
[0016] 作为上述技术方案的进一步改进，所述步骤c中使用悬浮填料供微生物附着，并保持曝气供氧。
[0017] 作为上述技术方案的进一步改进，所述步骤c在污水中定期添加有机碳源，提供微生物所需营养均衡，促进生长代谢，提高生物处理效率。
[0018] 作为上述技术方案的进一步改进，所述步骤d中使用多层筛絹网，形成生物膜沉淀吸附污水悬浮颗粒。
[0019] 作为上述技术方案的进一步改进，所述步骤e对污水进行至少两次厌氧反硝化，首次厌氧反硝化在悬置有多层过滤棉框的池内进行，所述过滤棉框内填蜂窝状滤棉。
[0020] 作为上述技术方案的进一步改进，所述第二次厌氧反硝化在内设多层珊瑚沙框的池内进行，所述珊瑚沙框填充有珊瑚沙，珊瑚沙释放碱性物质，调节水中离子平衡。
[0021] 作为上述技术方案的进一步改进，所述步骤f中，曝气排除水体中氮气、二氧化碳等气体，并进行增氧。
[0022] 本发明的有益效果是:本发明在水质净化区内对养殖池产生的污水进行处理再循环返回养殖池，其中在水质净化区主要是利用物理方法和微生物多次过滤吸附悬浮颗粒和吸附分解溶解性污染物质，并在循环水入养殖池前进行增氧处理，通过上述的步骤处理养殖污水，从而达到高效处理的目的。
附图说明
[0023] 下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明进一步说明。
[0024] 图1是运用本发明的养殖方法进行养殖的系统的结构示意图；
[0025] 图2是本发明养殖污水在水质净化区的流向图。
具体实施方式
[0026] 如图1和图2所示，一种节能高效的循环水养殖方法，分为养殖区和水质净化区，养殖区包括养殖池1，养殖池I的进水口与水质净化区的出水口相连，养殖池I的出水口与水质净化区的进水口通过管道相连，养殖池I的污水经过水质净化区处理后返回养殖池I内循环利用，因此养殖水不断循环利用成为循环水。
[0027] 养殖池I为方形圆角水泥池，尺寸为5 X 5 X 1.2m，水处理区整体尺寸为5X1.2X1.2m，养殖区与水处理区面积比例为3:1〜5: 1，最优的是4: I。养殖池I池底中央按对角线方向布置四根吸污管11，吸污管11为管径40mm的PVC管。在池底中心有排污口，同时该排污口作为养殖池I的出水口。吸污管11与排污口连通，用于收集循环水及池内的污物。因为水流在养殖池I内会形成逆时针的漩涡，因此各吸污管11迎向进水方向、也即反出水方向一侧等距开孔。
[0028] 水质净化区处理污水包括以下步骤:
[0029] a.过滤沉淀污水中的大颗粒物质；
[0030] b.沉淀吸附污水悬浮颗粒；
[0031] c.微生物硝化作用吸收分解污水中溶解性污染物质；
[0032] d.沉淀吸附污水中悬浮颗粒物质；
[0033] e.厌氧反硝化吸附分解污水中溶解性污染物质；
[0034] f.去除污水中微生物因代谢所产生的废气并增氧。
[0035] 养殖污水经出水管流至水质净化区。水质净化区分为8个功能单元池，其中包括沿水流方向的初沉池2、二沉池3、蓄水提水池4、曝气过滤池5、悬浮颗粒沉淀池6、滤棉过滤池7、过滤平衡池8和出水蓄水池9。初沉池2、二沉池3构成初级沉淀区兼具生物过滤功能，曝气过滤池5、悬浮颗粒沉淀池6、滤棉过滤池7、过滤平衡池8和出水蓄水池9构成过滤区。循环水在水质净化区的流向图见图2。
[0036] 参考图1，在初沉池2内装设立体弹性填料21，本实施例中为毛刷，养殖池I内的养殖污水先流入初沉池2，水中的大颗粒物质，如残饵碎屑、粪便等被过滤沉淀。在初沉池2内养有稍大规格的对奸,本实施例中为南美白对奸vannemei),以摄食毛刷中的膜物质及沉淀下的颗粒物质。
[0037] 二沉池3内设有第一筛絹网组31，由垂直于水流方向等距排布的多层尼龙筛絹网片组成，筛絹网片孔径40目，垂直于水面悬挂，且全部浸没于水中。筛絹网片形成生物膜从而吸附初沉池2处理后的进入二沉池3的水体悬浮颗粒。二沉池3内养殖小规格对虾摄食生物膜上物质。
[0038] 二沉池3处理后的水流入蓄水提水池4中，由提升泵41将水抽至曝气过滤池5。
[0039] 曝气过滤池5池底设有曝气管51，这些曝气管51与池外的进气管10相连并不断对池内充气搅动并供氧。池内还设置悬浮滤料52，微生物可以附着其上。蓄水提水池4中的水流入曝气过滤池5内以吸收分解水体中有机物、氨氮、亚硝氮等溶解性污染物质。在曝气过滤池内定期添加有机碳源(前处理之蔗渣、稻壳等物质)，提供微生物所需营养均衡，促进生长代谢，提高生物处理效率。
[0040] 悬浮颗粒沉淀池6内设有第二筛絹网组61，第二筛絹网组61由垂直于水流方向等距排布的多层尼龙筛絹网片构成，其中筛絹网片为60目，筛絹网片上形成生物膜沉淀吸附污水悬浮颗粒。悬浮颗粒沉淀池6主要是沉淀吸附经曝气过滤处理后进入的水体中悬浮颗粒物质。
[0041 ] 悬浮颗粒沉淀池6处理后的污水进入滤棉过滤池7。滤棉过滤池7池底部池壁端设有垫脚，高度10cm，上悬置层叠铺列塑料框作为过滤棉框72，框架尺寸为0.5X0.4X0.4m,内填蜂窝状滤棉，池顶部中央部位设置顶部布水管71,布水管为50mm管径的PVC管,在管底近滤棉方向一侧等距开布水孔。滤棉过滤池7主要是首次厌氧反硝化吸附分解水体中有机物、氨氮、亚硝氮等溶解性污染物质。
[0042] 滤棉过滤池7处理后的污水进入过滤平衡池8。过滤平衡池8池底部中央设置底部布水管81，池壁端设有垫脚，高度10cm，上悬置层叠铺列塑料框作为珊瑚沙框82，框架尺寸为0.5X0.4X0.4m,内填粗珊瑚沙。该池的作用在于进一步厌氧反硝化吸附分解水体中溶解性污染物质，珊瑚沙释放钙等物质，调节出池水中离子平衡。
[0043] 过滤平衡池8处理后的污水进入出水蓄水池9。出水蓄水池9底部安装微孔曝气管91作为增氧装置，用于排除水体中氮气、二氧化碳等气体，为进入养殖池I的水增氧。微孔曝气管91与进气管10相连。
[0044] 增氧后的水重新进入养殖池1，之后养殖污水排入初沉池2，如此不断循环。
[0045] 构成水质净化区的各单元池池底均向同一方向倾斜，且在倾斜之后的最底部设有排污口，池内的污物经与排污口连通的排污管12集中排出。
[0046] 以上所述只是本发明优选的实施方式，其并不构成对本发明保护范围的限制。
Claims (8)
1.一种节能高效的循环水养殖方法，包括养殖池和水质净化区，养殖池中的污水经过水质净化区处理后循环利用，其特征在于，水质净化区处理污水包括以下步骤: a.过滤沉淀污水中的大颗粒物质； b.沉淀吸附污水悬浮颗粒； c.微生物硝化作用吸收分解污水中溶解性污染物质； d.沉淀吸附污水中悬浮颗粒物质； e.厌氧反硝化吸附分解污水中溶解性污染物质； f.去除污水中微生物因代谢所产生的废气并增氧； 所述步骤e对污水进行至少两次厌氧反硝化，首次厌氧反硝化在悬置有多层过滤棉框的池内进行,所述过滤棉框内填蜂窝状滤棉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的节能高效的循环水养殖方法，其特征在于:所述步骤a中使用弹性填料过滤沉淀，并用对虾摄食弹性填料中的膜物质及沉淀下的颗粒物质。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的节能高效的循环水养殖方法，其特征在于:所述步骤b使用多层筛絹网，形成生物膜沉淀吸附污水悬浮颗粒，且养殖对虾摄食生物膜上物质。
4.根据权利要求1所述的节能高效的循环水养殖方法，其特征在于:所述步骤c中使用悬浮填料供微生物附着，并保持曝气供氧。
5.根据权利要求1或4所述的节能高效的循环水养殖方法，其特征在于:所述步骤c在污水中定期添加有机碳源，提供微生物所需营养并使营养均衡，促进生长代谢，提高生物处理效率。
6.根据权利要求1所述的节能高效的循环水养殖方法，其特征在于:所述步骤d中使用多层筛絹网，形成生物膜沉淀吸附污水悬浮颗粒。
7.根据权利要求1所述的节能高效的循环水养殖方法，其特征在于:所述第二次厌氧反硝化在内设多层珊瑚沙框的池内进行，所述珊瑚沙框填充有珊瑚沙，珊瑚沙释放碱性物质，调节水中离子平衡。
8.根据权利要求1所述的节能高效的循环水养殖方法，其特征在于:所述步骤f中，曝气排除水体中氮气、二氧化碳，并进行增氧。
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