CN103308380B - Softening effect test method for wood microcosmic section softening reagent by test instrument - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a softening effect test instrument and a softening effect test method for a wood microcosmic section softening reagent. The test instrument and the test method are used for evaluating the good or bad of a wood softener on wood softening degree when the material is identified in the manufacturing of wood microcosmic section. A softening effect test instrument of a softening reagent of wood microcosmic section comprises a base, a bracket, a beam, a microprocessor control device and a display device, the beam is capable of moving up and down in the bracket, the beam is provided with a clamper, the clamper is provided with a pressure sensor, a blade is arranged below the clamper, the pressure sensor is connected with the microprocessor control device, and the display device is connected with the microprocessor control device. A softening effect testing method of softening reagent of wood microcosmic section by using the test instrument comprises the following steps: 1) fixing a small wood particle on the clamper, and fixing the blade below the small wood particle; 2) adjusting the distance between the small wood particle and the blade; 3) driving the small wood particle to move by the clamper, wherein the blade is cut into the small wood particle, drawing a pressure-displacement curve, and computing the anti-cutting strength.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wood anatomy field, be specifically related to one and utilize testing tool to carry out the softening reagent bating effect method of testing of wood microcosmic section, evaluate timber softening agent when making wood microcosmic section and carrying out material discrimination to timber softening degree quality.
Technical background
Timber kind is carried out science, is differentiated accurately, except the macrofeature of observing timber as: except the features such as density, texture, wood color and smell, also must prepare the timber microscopic section that thickness is 10-40 μm, observe the anatomical features of timber.Because the xylem of firmly heavy timber is very hard, if do not carry out sofening treatment and directly cut into slices, timber can be caused to burst apart, destroy the micromechanism of timber, so must sofening treatment be carried out before making Wooden slice.First be sawn into the wood particle that size is less than 10mm × 10mm × 10mm, then carried out sofening treatment, finally with on microtome, it is cut into slices.Can therefore whether timber sofening treatment be proper, also accurately identify the impact of its seeds greatly to the micromechanism clearly observing timber.
Utilize the hemisphere shaped steel pressure head of predetermined radius in GB/T1941-2009 Method of testing in hardness of wood, be pushed down into timber to represent its hardness in static load.The method of this prescribed by standard seems to characterize the softening degree of timber theoretically, but the method requires that sample is of a size of 70mm × 50mm × 50mm, the semicircle steel ball radius of tested for hardness is (5.64 ± 0.01) mm, with the test face of the even speed of 3 ~ 6mm/min by hemisphere shaped steel pressure head pressing in sample, till press-in 5.64mm is dark.For the sample easily split in pressure process, the compression distance of hemisphere shaped steel pressure head allows to reduce to 2.82mm.And when only doing Wooden slice, softening sample becomes size all at 10mm × 10mm × about 10mm.Obviously when making the section of anatomy of wood microcosmic, the softening degree of timber cannot be characterized by the method for GB/T1941-2009.
Application number be 201110271076.4 national inventing patent describe a kind of timber softening agent and preparation method thereof, and this patent of invention does not mention the quality how evaluating timber softening degree, therefore when softening to of timber can carry out section and can only rely on experience to judge.
But micro-judgment has certain limitation, the wooden unit universal experience being less than water for density is thought to be boiled and can be cut into slices to sinking under water, but density is greater than to the hard heavy timber of water, but do not have method to judge when can cut into slices, experience or partition time can only be leaned in the test of microtome previous step step.One section that " Hubei forestry science and technology " is delivered be entitled as " Observation of Identification Characteristic for Import Broad-leaved Timber " with deliver on " IAWA BULLETIN " be entitled as in the article of " Sulphate Cooking of Oriented Chips " to be mentioned to respectively and soften wooden unit by empirical method, generally use boiling water boiling a few hours; To be published in " Stain Technology " one section to be entitled as in the article of " The Use of Ethylenediamine in Softening Hard Plant Structure for Paraffin Sectioning " also the only experience of the giving chapter and verse time of softening be 3 days comparatively suitable.
Comprehensive above-mentioned documents and materials can be known, when making wood microcosmic section, cannot test the fine or not degree of softening method to wooden unit process accurately at present, and can only estimate by experience by science.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of testing tool to carry out the softening reagent bating effect method of testing of wood microcosmic section to carry out the softening reagent bating effect method of testing of wood microcosmic section, evaluate microcosmic section timber softening agent to timber softening degree quality according to the size of anti-shear force numerical value.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
One utilizes testing tool to carry out the softening reagent bating effect method of testing of wood microcosmic section, testing tool comprises base, support, crossbeam, computer control device and display device, wherein Bracket setting is on base, crossbeam can move up and down in support, crossbeam is provided with clamper, clamper arranges pressure transducer, blade is provided with below clamper, pressure transducer is connected with computer control device, display device is connected with computer control device, carries out the softening reagent bating effect method of testing of wood microcosmic section and comprises the following steps:
1) wooden unit is processed into wood particle, on the clamper that wood particle is fixed on, fixed blade immediately below wood particle;
2) regulate the distance of wood particle and blade, wood particle is contacted with blade edge and produces starting force;
3) testing tool is opened, clamper drives wood particle motion, in blade incision wood particle, stops test when the relative displacement of wood particle and blade edge reaches certain distance, record wood particle and contact with blade edge and arrive the relative displacement stopped that moving afterwards, force value according to display device, draw pressure force-displacement curve, according to formulae discovery shear strength, wherein, F is pressure, unit: N; L is wood particle and knife edge contact length, unit: mm; p
crfor shear strength, unit: N/mm.
The softening reagent bating effect method of testing of above-mentioned wood microcosmic section, if in step 3) wood particle with edge of a knife vertical direction generation splitting, search pressure force-displacement curve, the corresponding force value of certain displacement before getting split-point; If wood particle with edge of a knife parallel direction generation splitting, then remeasure.
The softening reagent bating effect method of testing of above-mentioned wood microcosmic section, the size of starting force is 0-30N.
The softening reagent bating effect method of testing of above-mentioned wood microcosmic section, clamper drives the speed of wood particle motion to be 10-500mm/min.
The softening reagent bating effect method of testing of above-mentioned wood microcosmic section, stop testing when the relative displacement of wood particle and blade edge reaches 3.3mm, when to get wood particle and blade edge relative displacement be 1.5mm, 2.5mm and 3mm, force value shown by display device, draws pressure force-displacement curve simultaneously.
The softening reagent bating effect method of testing of above-mentioned wood microcosmic section, wood particle is rectangular parallelepiped or the square of 5mm-20mm.
The softening reagent bating effect testing tool of above-mentioned wood microcosmic section, support is provided with bound bit switch, and bound bit switch is connected with computer control device.
The softening reagent bating effect testing tool of above-mentioned wood microcosmic section, blade sections is isosceles triangle, and vertex angle angle is 0 °-25 °.
The softening reagent bating effect testing tool of above-mentioned wood microcosmic section, clamper comprises door-shaped frame, nut, bolt and contact block, and nut is embedded in door-shaped frame vertical portion, and bolts and nuts coordinate, and bolt one end is through nut, and the other end connects contact block.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: drive clamper to move up and down by crossbeam, utilize blade to carry out otch to wood particle on clamper, clamper is arranged pressure transducer and can test pressure when cutting wood particle; During to solve the section of current microcosmic, suitable equipment is not had to carry out the problem of anti-shear force test; The shear strength of timber can be calculated simultaneously, evaluate softening agent when can carry out material discrimination again to the quality of timber softening degree.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of testing tool of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of blade.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of clamper.
Fig. 4 is without displacement-pressue-graph after the rosewood blade incision 2.3mm of sofening treatment.
In figure 1, support, 2, crossbeam, 3, pressure transducer, 4, clamper, 5, wood particle, 6, blade, 7, bound bit switch, 8, computer control device, 9, base, 10, display device, 401, nut, 402, bolt, 403, door-shaped frame, 404, contact block.
Embodiment
Illustrate selected embodiment of the present invention referring now to Figure of description, the following explanation of embodiments of the invention is only exemplary, the scheme be not meant to limit the present invention.
With reference to accompanying drawing 1, the softening reagent bating effect testing tool of a kind of wood microcosmic section, comprise base 9, support 1, crossbeam 2, computer control device 8 and display device 10, its medium-height trestle 1 is arranged on base 9, and crossbeam 2 can move up and down in support 1, crossbeam 2 is provided with clamper 4, clamper 4 is arranged pressure transducer 3, pressure transducer 3, below clamper 4, be provided with blade 6, pressure transducer 3 is connected with computer control device 8, and display device 10 is connected with computer control device 8.
Support 1 is provided with bound bit switch 7, and bound bit switch 7 is connected with computer control device 8, can control testing tool action, can improve the security of operation.
With reference to accompanying drawing 2, blade 6 cross section is isosceles triangle, and vertex angle angle is 0 °-25 °.Be not easy curved relative to this blade 6 of ordinary blade, long service life.
With reference to accompanying drawing 3, clamper 4 comprises door-shaped frame 403, nut 401, bolt 402 and contact block 404, and nut 401 is embedded in door-shaped frame 403 vertical portion, and bolt 402 coordinates with nut 401, and bolt 402 one end is through nut, and the other end connects contact block 404.This structure makes wood particle 5 and clamper 4 contact, and ensure that the accuracy of test figure.
Utilize described testing tool to carry out the softening reagent bating effect method of testing of wood microcosmic section, comprise the following steps:
1) wooden unit is processed into wood particle 5, wood particle 5 is rectangular parallelepiped or the square of 5mm-20mm, on the clamper 4 that wood particle 5 is fixed on, and fixed blade 6 immediately below wood particle 5;
2) regulate the distance of wood particle 5 and blade 6, make wood particle 5 and blade 6 knife edge contact produce starting force, the size of starting force is 0-30N;
3) testing tool is opened, clamper 4 drives wood particle 5 to move with 10-500mm/min speed, wood particle 5 cut by blade 6, stop testing when wood particle 5 reaches 3.3mm with the relative displacement of blade 6 edge of a knife, when to get wood particle 5 be 1.5mm, 2.5mm and 3mm with the relative displacement of blade 6 edge of a knife, according to the force value shown by display device 10, draw pressure force-displacement curve, according to formula
calculate shear strength, wherein, F is pressure, unit: N; L is wood particle and knife edge contact length, unit: mm; p
crfor shear strength, unit: N/mm.
If in step 3) wood particle (5) with edge of a knife vertical direction generation splitting, search pressure force-displacement curve, the corresponding force value of certain displacement before getting split-point; If wood particle (5) with edge of a knife parallel direction generation splitting, then remeasure.
embodiment 1
With reference to accompanying drawing 4, without the rosewood of any sofening treatment, the starting force of testing tool is 0N, test speed 60mm/min, the shift length that the edge of a knife inserts in sample is set as 2.3mm, as can be seen from the figure, when the edge of a knife shift length inserted in sample is respectively 1.5mm, 1.8mm and 2.0mm, need pressure to be respectively 1213.31N, 1439.99N and 1587.17N, its 1.5mm, 1.8mm, 2.0mm place shear strength is 107.29N/mm, 127.33 N/mm and 140.35N/mm.
embodiment 2
It is that water correction agent process is after 2.5 hours that rosewood wooden unit adopts glycerol concentration to be 20%, 2% alkyl sodium sulfonate surplus, the test speed of testing tool is 30mm/min, 60mm/min, 90mm/min, the shift length that the edge of a knife inserts in sample is 2.3mm, starting force is 0N, then the pressure size at 1.5mm place and 1.5mm shear strength size as shown in table 1.
The pressure size at table 1 1.5mm place and 1.5mm shear strength size
after rosewood wooden unit is softening by be 20%, 2% alkyl sodium sulfonate surplus the be water correction agent of table 1 and Fig. 4 comparative illustration glycerol concentration, its 1.5mm place force value is 720.18N-748.98N, the power used when doing microcosmic section reduces greatly (being 1213.31N before not softening), 1.5mm place shear strength be 63.61N/mm(softening before be 107.29N/mm), therefore rosewood obtains softening fully, and shear strength is 60 N/mm-70 N/mm, be applicable to section, and effective, illustrate that the method can judge the softening reagent bating effect of wood microcosmic section.This example also shows the increase along with test speed, and wooden unit shear strength value reduces gradually.
embodiment 3
It is that water correction agent process is after 2.5 hours that rosewood wooden unit adopts glycerol concentration to be 20%, 2% alkyl sodium sulfonate surplus, the test speed of instrument is 60mm/min, the shift length that the edge of a knife inserts in sample is 2.3mm, the edge of a knife contacts the starting force being applied to wooden unit with wooden unit be 0N, 15N, 30N, and displacement is that the pressure size at 2.0mm place and 2.0mm shear strength size are as shown in table 2 below.
The pressure size at table 2 2.0mm place and 2.0mm shear strength size
After rosewood wooden unit is softening by be 20%, 2% alkyl sodium sulfonate surplus the be water correction agent of table 2 and Fig. 4 comparative illustration glycerol concentration, its 2.0mm place force value is 918.10N-1010.85N, the power used when doing microcosmic section reduces greatly (being 1587.17N before not softening), 2.0mm place shear strength be 84.36N/mm(softening before be 140.35N/mm), therefore rosewood obtains softening, and shear strength is 80 N/mm-90 N/mm, be applicable to section, illustrate that the method can judge the softening reagent bating effect of wood microcosmic section.This example also shows the raising along with test starting force, and wooden unit shear strength value increases gradually.
embodiment 4
It is that water correction agent process is after 2.5 hours that red acid branch wooden unit adopts glycerol concentration to be 20%, 2% alkyl sodium sulfonate surplus, the test speed of instrument is 500mm/min, the shift length that the edge of a knife inserts in sample is 3.3 mm, starting force is 0N, and displacement is that the pressure size at 3.0mm place and 3.0mm shear strength size are as shown in table 3 below.
With the pressure size at softening rear 3.0mm place and 3.0mm shear strength size before table 3 is softening
After glycerol concentration being described to be 20%, 2% alkyl sodium sulfonate surplus is that water correction agent is softening by rosewood wooden unit by Data Comparison in table 3, its 3.0mm place shear strength be 111.50N/mm(softening before be 138.41N/mm) this shows that red acid branch wood obtains softening, but its shear strength value is still higher, therefore glycerol concentration to be 20%, 2% alkyl sodium sulfonate surplus be water correction agent process 2.5 hours for red acid branch wood bating effect not enough.Illustrate that the method can judge the softening reagent bating effect of wood microcosmic section.
embodiment 5
It is that water correction agent process is after 2.5 hours, 5 hours and 7.5 hours that rosewood wooden unit adopts glycerol concentration to be 20%, 2% alkyl sodium sulfonate surplus, the test speed of instrument is 60mm/min, the shift length that the edge of a knife inserts in sample is 2.3 mm, starting force is 0N, and displacement is that the pressure size at 1.8mm place and 1.8mm shear strength size are as shown in table 4 below.
The pressure size at table 4 1.8mm place and 1.8mm shear strength size
By data in table 4 and Fig. 4 comparative illustration than illustrating that glycerol concentration be 20%, 2% alkyl sodium sulfonate surplus is after rosewood wooden unit is softened 2.5h, 5.0h and 7.5h by water correction agent, its 1.8mm place shear strength for be respectively 76.87N/mm, 68.73N/mm and 62.46N/mm(softening before be 127.33 N/mm) to show that rosewood obtains softening fully for this, and shear strength be 60 N/mm-80 N/mm be applicable to section, and along with the increase of softening time, the bating effect degree of wooden unit is higher.Illustrate that the method can judge the softening reagent bating effect of wood microcosmic section.
embodiment 6
It is water correction agent process 2.5 hours that red acid branch wooden unit adopts glycerol concentration to be 20%, 2% alkyl sodium sulfonate surplus, the test speed of instrument is 60mm/min, the shift length that the edge of a knife inserts in sample is 2.3 mm, starting force is 0N, and displacement is that the pressure size at 1.8mm place and 1.8mm shear strength size are as shown in table 5 below.
The pressure size at table 5 1.8mm place and 1.8mm shear strength size
By data in table 5 and Fig. 4 comparative illustration than glycerol concentration being described to be 20%, 2% alkyl sodium sulfonate surplus be that volume is 1564.86 by water correction agent
mm 3 , 1015.41
mm 3 with 365.48
mm 3 red acid branch wooden unit soften 2.5h after, its 1.8mm place shear strength for be respectively 97.33N/mm, 89.37N/mm and 66.29N/mm(softening before be 129.02 N/mm), along with the shear strength value of the minimizing red acid branch wood of wooden unit volume reduces gradually, this shows that timber measurement is less softening easier.Volume is 365.48
mm 3 red acid branch wood obtain fully softening, contrary volume is 1564.86
mm 3 with 1015.41
mm 3 red acid branch wood shear strength comparatively large, do not obtain softening fully.Illustrate that the method can judge the softening reagent bating effect of wood microcosmic section.
The foregoing describe ultimate principle of the present invention and advantage.The present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments, and is not departing from the prerequisite of the scope of the invention, and those skilled in the art can do many changes and improvements as required.Scope should be defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (9)
1. one kind utilizes testing tool to carry out the softening reagent bating effect method of testing of wood microcosmic section, testing tool comprises base (9), support (1), crossbeam (2), computer control device (8) and display device (10), its medium-height trestle (1) is arranged on base (9), crossbeam (2) can move up and down in support (1), crossbeam (2) is provided with clamper (4), clamper (4) is arranged pressure transducer (3), clamper (4) below is provided with blade (6), pressure transducer (3) is connected with computer control device (8), display device (10) is connected with computer control device (8), it is characterized in that, the softening reagent bating effect method of testing of wood microcosmic section comprises the following steps:
1) wooden unit is processed into wood particle (5), on the clamper (4) that wood particle (5) is fixed on, fixed blade (6) immediately below wood particle (5);
2) regulate wood particle (5) and the distance of blade (6), make wood particle (5) and blade (6) knife edge contact produce starting force;
3) testing tool is opened, clamper (4) drives wood particle (5) motion, blade (6) incision wood particle (5), stop testing when wood particle (5) reaches certain distance with the relative displacement of blade (6) edge of a knife, the relative displacement stopped that moving is arrived after record wood particle (5) and blade (6) knife edge contact, according to the force value shown by display device (10), draw pressure force-displacement curve, according to formula
calculate shear strength, wherein, F is pressure, unit: N; L is wood particle and knife edge contact length, unit: mm; p
crfor shear strength, unit: N/mm.
2. reagent bating effect method of testing is softened in wood microcosmic section according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: if in step 3) wood particle (5) with edge of a knife vertical direction generation splitting, search pressure force-displacement curve, the corresponding force value of certain displacement before getting split-point; If wood particle (5) with edge of a knife parallel direction generation splitting, then remeasure.
3. reagent bating effect method of testing is softened in wood microcosmic section according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the size of starting force is 0-30N.
4. reagent bating effect method of testing is softened in wood microcosmic section according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the speed that clamper (4) drives wood particle (5) to move is 10-500mm/min.
5. reagent bating effect method of testing is softened in wood microcosmic section according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: stop testing when wood particle (5) reaches 3.3mm with the relative displacement of blade (6) edge of a knife, when to get wood particle (5) and blade (6) edge of a knife relative displacement be 1.5mm, 2.5mm and 3mm, force value shown by display device (10), draws pressure force-displacement curve simultaneously.
6. the softening reagent bating effect method of testing of wood microcosmic section according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, is characterized in that: the square that wood particle (5) is 5mm-20mm.
7. the softening reagent bating effect method of testing of wood microcosmic section according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, it is characterized in that: support (1) is provided with bound bit switch (7), bound bit switch (7) is connected with computer control device (8).
8. the softening reagent bating effect method of testing of wood microcosmic section according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, it is characterized in that: blade (6) cross section is triangle, and triangle angle is 0 °-25 °.
9. the softening reagent bating effect method of testing of wood microcosmic section according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, it is characterized in that: clamper (4) comprises door-shaped frame (403), nut (401), bolt (402) and contact block (404), nut (401) is embedded in door-shaped frame (403) vertical portion, bolt (402) coordinates with nut (401), bolt (402) one end is through nut, and the other end connects contact block (404).
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| CN108274570B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-09-24 | 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 | Wooden slice preparation method |
| CN110672509A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2020-01-10 | 安徽农业大学 | Straw cutting performance testing device and testing method |
| CN111458368A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-07-28 | 兰州理工大学 | System and method for measuring softening behavior of amorphous alloy in supercooled liquid region |
| CN114415745B (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2024-03-22 | 陈尚 | Intelligent control system based on structuring |
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| CN101660988A (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2010-03-03 | 上海大学 | Portable on-site Brinell hardness tester |
| CN201760740U (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2011-03-16 | 天津达祥精密工业有限公司 | Pin pressing machine provided with pressure detecting device |
| CN203275182U (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2013-11-06 | 夏兆鹏 | Instrument for testing softening effect of microscopic wood section softening reagent |
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| JP2663322B2 (en) * | 1992-09-18 | 1997-10-15 | 住友林業株式会社 | Method for drying cored squared material and apparatus for forming flaws for drying cored squared material |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101660988A (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2010-03-03 | 上海大学 | Portable on-site Brinell hardness tester |
| CN201760740U (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2011-03-16 | 天津达祥精密工业有限公司 | Pin pressing machine provided with pressure detecting device |
| CN203275182U (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2013-11-06 | 夏兆鹏 | Instrument for testing softening effect of microscopic wood section softening reagent |
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