A kind of preparation method containing the metal material plate fatigue testing specimen for penetrating short crack
Technical field
The present invention relates to the sample preprocessing preparation technical fields of material analysis test, and in particular to one kind, which contains, penetrates short split
The preparation method of the metal material plate fatigue testing specimen of line.
Background technique
Take fatigue as the engineering component of main failure mode, requires the fatigue crack for understanding very small scale in design
Extension feature.Most of research describes crackle using continuum mechanics theory, the results showed that when nominal driving force phase
When same, the spreading rate of crackle can be more much higher than the respective rate of long crack.Therefore long crack fatigue test is obtained
Data application in short crack component damage design, may cause the excessively high estimation to fatigue life.In order to Short crack propagation
Test experiments are carried out, people attempt the sample that preparation includes short crack.
Existing precrack mode is first to process notch using wire cutting or machining process, then again tired
On labor machine plus alternative cycle load precasts fatigue crack.However the crackle obtained in this way is usually in millimeter rank, nothing
Method meets the requirement for the micron level that short crack research needs.And this crackle includes a notch, is had with real crackle
Difference.And obtaining the sample containing crackle in this way is usually Three Points Bending Specimen, is not used to single shaft fatigue test.Cause
This makes researcher can control precrack it is necessary to invent a kind of preparation method containing the fatigue testing specimen for penetrating short crack
Length, to study the extended attribute of short crack.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation methods containing the plate fatigue testing specimen for penetrating short crack, by this hair
Bright method is prepared for the sample comprising true crackle, and the length of crackle is other in the micron-scale, and the geometry of sample can expire
The requirement of sufficient single shaft fatigue.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of preparation method containing the Metal Material Fatigue sample for penetrating short crack, this method comprises the following steps:
(1) prefabricating fatigue crack on Three Points Bending Specimen;
(2) it processes the fatigue testing specimen of uniaxial loading: carrying out wire cutting along the direction perpendicular to fatigue crack frontal line, obtain
The fatigue testing specimen with gripping section, excessive arc and parallel-segment containing penetrated crack;
(3) crack length a is measured1: it is polished by sand paper and removes wire cutting trace, then tried using optical microphotograph sem observation
Crackle at the parallel-segment of sample, measure crackle length be a1;
(4) crack length a is tested to step (3)1Sample afterwards carries out secondary cut and removes notch;
(5) crack length a is measured2: it is polished by sand paper and removes wire cutting trace, then tried using optical microphotograph sem observation
Crackle at the parallel-segment of sample, measure crackle length be a2;
(6) fine polishing obtains target short crack length to get the Metal Material Fatigue examination for penetrating short crack is contained described in
Sample.
In above-mentioned steps (1), the detailed process of prefabricating fatigue crack are as follows: process Three Points Bending Specimen first, cut with line
Segmentation method processes notch, then adds alternative cycle load to precast fatigue crack on fatigue machine again.
In above-mentioned steps (2), the position of the sample being cut into will edge at least 1mm apart from Three Points Bending Specimen, protect
Card does not include the plastic zone at crackle both ends.
In above-mentioned steps (3), the geometry of sample cannot be destroyed when polishing using sand paper;Meanwhile the direction of polishing is wanted
Perpendicular to the direction of crack initiation;Using the crack length that optical microscopy observes and measures be from crack tip to notch where
The length at edge (plane where gap opened end).
In above-mentioned steps (4), the secondary cut refers to, cutting off width by wire cutting is a1The part of -1mm, removal
Notch leaves a true crackle;The direction of cutting and direction of check are perpendicular.
In above-mentioned steps (5), guarantees that the cross section of sample is rectangle when polishing using sand paper, the geometry of sample cannot be destroyed
Shape.Meanwhile the direction of polishing will be perpendicular to the direction of crack initiation.It is using the crack length that optical microscopy observes and measures
The length at edge where from crack tip to crack penetration.
In above-mentioned steps (6), in fine bruting process, first determine that the short crack length needed is a;Use screw-thread micrometer
The width for measuring sample at this time is W;The one side that polishing sample is passed through by crackle is until the width of sample is W- (a2-a)。
In above-mentioned steps (6), sand paper or grinding and polishing machine are used when the fine polishing, the direction of polishing is expanded perpendicular to crackle
The direction of exhibition.
Prepared is the plate list that short crack is penetrated containing random length containing the Metal Material Fatigue sample of short crack is penetrated
Axis fatigue testing specimen, including gripping section, excessive arc and parallel-segment, wherein short crack is all located on a smooth face.
The present invention has the beneficial effect that:
It is prepared by the present invention to contain the plate single shaft fatigue sample for penetrating short crack, for studying the propagation behavior of fracture.Examination
The geometry of sample is specially designed, and machine can be used during the preparation process and operated, use manpower and material resources sparingly.Sample includes
Gripping section, excessive arc, parallel-segment, can be used for the research of single shaft fatigue.The size of sample is proper, prepare it is reproducible, be applicable in
In common fatigue machine.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is prefabricating fatigue crack schematic diagram on Three Points Bending Specimen.
Fig. 2 is wire cutting schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that barbed portion is removed schematic diagram using wire cutting.
Fig. 4 is sample schematic diagram of being polished using grinding and polishing machine.
Fig. 5 is sample holder schematic diagram.
In figure: 1- three-point bending fatigue testing specimen;2- support roller;3- notch;4- crackle;5- wire cutting track I;6- wire cutting
Track II;7- buffed surface;8- fatigue machine upper grip;Collet under 9- fatigue machine;10- single shaft fatigue sample;11- penetrates short crack.
Specific embodiment
For a further understanding of the present invention, present invention is described with reference to embodiments, but embodiment is only to this
The characteristics of invention and advantage are further elaborated, rather than limiting to the claimed invention.
The present invention is the preparation method containing the Metal Material Fatigue sample for penetrating short crack, and this method comprises the following steps:
(1) prefabricating fatigue crack on Three Points Bending Specimen, detailed process are as follows: process Three Points Bending Specimen first, use line
Cutting method processes notch, then adds alternative cycle load to precast fatigue crack on fatigue machine again.In the step, it need to make
The length of precrack is controlled with strain gauge, and should keep crack length, added load, frequency, span, three-point bending examination
Sample ruler cun it is consistent.
(2) it processes the fatigue testing specimen of uniaxial loading: carrying out wire cutting along the direction perpendicular to fatigue crack frontal line, obtain
The fatigue testing specimen with gripping section, excessive arc and parallel-segment containing penetrated crack;In the step, the position for the sample being cut into
Set will edge at least 1mm apart from Three Points Bending Specimen, guarantee the plastic zone for not including crackle both ends;The sample cut is put down
The length of row section and the length of both ends clamping end can suitably become according to the case where the collet of fatigue machine in the future
Change.After linear cutter is sliced, three fatigue testing specimens are obtained, processing efficiency and stock utilization are higher.
(3) crack length a is measured1: it is polished removal wire cutting trace by sand paper, when polishing cannot destroy the geometry of sample
Shape;Meanwhile the direction of polishing will be perpendicular to the direction of crack initiation;Then the parallel-segment of optical microphotograph sem observation sample is used
The crackle at place, the measured length for obtaining crackle are a1;Crack length a1It is the length at the edge where from crack tip to notch;
(4) crack length a is tested to step (3)1Sample afterwards carries out secondary cut and removes notch;The secondary cut is
Refer to, cutting off width by wire cutting is a1The part of -1mm removes notch, leaves a true crackle;The direction of cutting with
Direction of check is perpendicular.
(5) crack length a is measured2: it is polished by sand paper and removes wire cutting trace, guarantee sample when polishing using sand paper
Cross section is rectangle, cannot destroy the geometry of sample.Meanwhile the direction of polishing will be perpendicular to the direction of crack initiation.It beats
After mill using optical microphotograph sem observation sample parallel-segment at crackle, measure crackle length be a2;Crack length a2Be from
Length of the crack tip to edge where crack penetration.
(6) fine polishing obtains target short crack length to get the Metal Material Fatigue examination for penetrating short crack is contained described in
Sample.In fine bruting process, first determine that the short crack length needed is a;The width of sample at this time is measured using screw-thread micrometer
For W;The one side that polishing sample is passed through by crackle is until the width of sample is W- (a2-a)。
It can be used sand paper or grinding and polishing machine when fine polishing, the direction of the direction of polishing perpendicular to crack propagation;It polished
Cheng Zhong will control the stock removal polished every time, in real time using the width of screw-thread micrometer measurement sample.
Prepared is the plate list that short crack is penetrated containing random length containing the Metal Material Fatigue sample of short crack is penetrated
Axis fatigue testing specimen, including gripping section, excessive arc and parallel-segment, wherein short crack is all located on a smooth face.
Embodiment 1:
Method of the present embodiment preparation containing the plate single shaft fatigue sample for penetrating short crack, specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1, Three Points Bending Specimen prefabricating fatigue crack:
Original blank after heat treatment is processed into the Three Points Bending Specimen 1 with notch 3, specimen size is 16 × 16 ×
90mm.Notch geometry is as shown in Figure 1, notch depth 5mm.Schematic diagram is loaded as shown in Figure 1, splitting with the support of support roller 2 when loading
It is 8mm that line 4, which terminates length,.
Step 2, linear cutter slice is carried out to the Three Points Bending Specimen containing crackle:
The Three Points Bending Specimen that fatigue is had to crackle later carries out cutting slice, and wire cutting track I is as shown in Fig. 2, obtain
To the initial blank of the single shaft fatigue sample with gripping section, excessive arc and parallel-segment.
Step 3, single shaft fatigue sample blank is cut:
Firstly, all surface using sand paper polishing blank in addition to indentation, there, removes wire cutting trace.Then, it uses
Optical microscopy measures the distance a of the edge where crack tip to notch1.Cutting off width by wire cutting is a1- 1mm's
Part, wire cutting trajectory line cutting track II are as shown in Figure 3.A true crackle is left after removal notch.
Step 4, fine polishing:
Firstly, the surface (i.e. buffed surface 7) where crackle of being polished using sand paper, removes wire cutting trace.Then, using light
Learn the distance a for the edge being measured microscopically where crack tip to crackle2.It is then determined the short crack length needed is a;
It the use of the width that screw-thread micrometer measures sample is at this time W;Finally, the face where polishing crackle, until the width of sample is W-
(a2-a)。
Step 5, carry out fatigue test: the clamping schematic diagram of the sample is as shown in Figure 5.When test, prepared having is worn
The single shaft fatigue sample 10 of saturating short crack 11 is fixed under fatigue machine upper grip 8 and fatigue machine between collet 9.