CN109142000A - A kind of preparation method containing the metal material plate fatigue testing specimen for penetrating short crack - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method containing the metal material plate fatigue testing specimen for penetrating short crack Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109142000A
CN109142000A CN201810985160.4A CN201810985160A CN109142000A CN 109142000 A CN109142000 A CN 109142000A CN 201810985160 A CN201810985160 A CN 201810985160A CN 109142000 A CN109142000 A CN 109142000A
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Prior art keywords
crack
sample
fatigue
preparation
metal material
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CN201810985160.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张鹏
许自宽
王斌
段启强
张哲峰
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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Priority to CN201810985160.4A priority Critical patent/CN109142000A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/286Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/02Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/36Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/286Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
    • G01N2001/2873Cutting or cleaving

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种含穿透短裂纹的金属材料板状疲劳试样的制备方法,属于材料分析测试的试样预加工制备技术领域。该方法首先在三点弯曲试样上预制疲劳裂纹;加工单轴加载的疲劳试样;然后对试样进行二次切割去除缺口;通过砂纸打磨去除线切割痕迹,最后通过精细打磨获得目标短裂纹长度,即得到所述含穿透短裂纹的金属材料疲劳试样。本发明制备的含穿透短裂纹的板状单轴疲劳试样的几何形状经特殊设计,在制备过程中可以使用机器进行操作,节省人力物力。试样包含夹持段、过度弧、平行段,可以用于单轴疲劳的研究。试样的尺寸得当,制备重复性好,适用于常用的疲劳机。The invention discloses a preparation method of a metal material plate fatigue sample with penetrating short cracks, belonging to the technical field of sample preprocessing preparation for material analysis and testing. This method first prefabricates fatigue cracks on three-point bending specimens; processes uniaxially loaded fatigue specimens; then re-cuts the specimens to remove nicks; removes line cutting marks by sandpaper grinding, and finally obtains target short cracks by fine grinding length, that is, the fatigue sample of the metal material with penetrating short cracks is obtained. The geometric shape of the plate-shaped uniaxial fatigue sample with penetrating short cracks prepared by the invention is specially designed, and the machine can be used for operation during the preparation process, thereby saving manpower and material resources. The specimen contains clamping segments, transition arcs, and parallel segments, which can be used for uniaxial fatigue studies. The size of the sample is appropriate, the preparation repeatability is good, and it is suitable for the commonly used fatigue machine.

Description

A kind of preparation method containing the metal material plate fatigue testing specimen for penetrating short crack
Technical field
The present invention relates to the sample preprocessing preparation technical fields of material analysis test, and in particular to one kind, which contains, penetrates short split The preparation method of the metal material plate fatigue testing specimen of line.
Background technique
Take fatigue as the engineering component of main failure mode, requires the fatigue crack for understanding very small scale in design Extension feature.Most of research describes crackle using continuum mechanics theory, the results showed that when nominal driving force phase When same, the spreading rate of crackle can be more much higher than the respective rate of long crack.Therefore long crack fatigue test is obtained Data application in short crack component damage design, may cause the excessively high estimation to fatigue life.In order to Short crack propagation Test experiments are carried out, people attempt the sample that preparation includes short crack.
Existing precrack mode is first to process notch using wire cutting or machining process, then again tired On labor machine plus alternative cycle load precasts fatigue crack.However the crackle obtained in this way is usually in millimeter rank, nothing Method meets the requirement for the micron level that short crack research needs.And this crackle includes a notch, is had with real crackle Difference.And obtaining the sample containing crackle in this way is usually Three Points Bending Specimen, is not used to single shaft fatigue test.Cause This makes researcher can control precrack it is necessary to invent a kind of preparation method containing the fatigue testing specimen for penetrating short crack Length, to study the extended attribute of short crack.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation methods containing the plate fatigue testing specimen for penetrating short crack, by this hair Bright method is prepared for the sample comprising true crackle, and the length of crackle is other in the micron-scale, and the geometry of sample can expire The requirement of sufficient single shaft fatigue.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of preparation method containing the Metal Material Fatigue sample for penetrating short crack, this method comprises the following steps:
(1) prefabricating fatigue crack on Three Points Bending Specimen;
(2) it processes the fatigue testing specimen of uniaxial loading: carrying out wire cutting along the direction perpendicular to fatigue crack frontal line, obtain The fatigue testing specimen with gripping section, excessive arc and parallel-segment containing penetrated crack;
(3) crack length a is measured1: it is polished by sand paper and removes wire cutting trace, then tried using optical microphotograph sem observation Crackle at the parallel-segment of sample, measure crackle length be a1
(4) crack length a is tested to step (3)1Sample afterwards carries out secondary cut and removes notch;
(5) crack length a is measured2: it is polished by sand paper and removes wire cutting trace, then tried using optical microphotograph sem observation Crackle at the parallel-segment of sample, measure crackle length be a2
(6) fine polishing obtains target short crack length to get the Metal Material Fatigue examination for penetrating short crack is contained described in Sample.
In above-mentioned steps (1), the detailed process of prefabricating fatigue crack are as follows: process Three Points Bending Specimen first, cut with line Segmentation method processes notch, then adds alternative cycle load to precast fatigue crack on fatigue machine again.
In above-mentioned steps (2), the position of the sample being cut into will edge at least 1mm apart from Three Points Bending Specimen, protect Card does not include the plastic zone at crackle both ends.
In above-mentioned steps (3), the geometry of sample cannot be destroyed when polishing using sand paper;Meanwhile the direction of polishing is wanted Perpendicular to the direction of crack initiation;Using the crack length that optical microscopy observes and measures be from crack tip to notch where The length at edge (plane where gap opened end).
In above-mentioned steps (4), the secondary cut refers to, cutting off width by wire cutting is a1The part of -1mm, removal Notch leaves a true crackle;The direction of cutting and direction of check are perpendicular.
In above-mentioned steps (5), guarantees that the cross section of sample is rectangle when polishing using sand paper, the geometry of sample cannot be destroyed Shape.Meanwhile the direction of polishing will be perpendicular to the direction of crack initiation.It is using the crack length that optical microscopy observes and measures The length at edge where from crack tip to crack penetration.
In above-mentioned steps (6), in fine bruting process, first determine that the short crack length needed is a;Use screw-thread micrometer The width for measuring sample at this time is W;The one side that polishing sample is passed through by crackle is until the width of sample is W- (a2-a)。
In above-mentioned steps (6), sand paper or grinding and polishing machine are used when the fine polishing, the direction of polishing is expanded perpendicular to crackle The direction of exhibition.
Prepared is the plate list that short crack is penetrated containing random length containing the Metal Material Fatigue sample of short crack is penetrated Axis fatigue testing specimen, including gripping section, excessive arc and parallel-segment, wherein short crack is all located on a smooth face.
The present invention has the beneficial effect that:
It is prepared by the present invention to contain the plate single shaft fatigue sample for penetrating short crack, for studying the propagation behavior of fracture.Examination The geometry of sample is specially designed, and machine can be used during the preparation process and operated, use manpower and material resources sparingly.Sample includes Gripping section, excessive arc, parallel-segment, can be used for the research of single shaft fatigue.The size of sample is proper, prepare it is reproducible, be applicable in In common fatigue machine.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is prefabricating fatigue crack schematic diagram on Three Points Bending Specimen.
Fig. 2 is wire cutting schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that barbed portion is removed schematic diagram using wire cutting.
Fig. 4 is sample schematic diagram of being polished using grinding and polishing machine.
Fig. 5 is sample holder schematic diagram.
In figure: 1- three-point bending fatigue testing specimen;2- support roller;3- notch;4- crackle;5- wire cutting track I;6- wire cutting Track II;7- buffed surface;8- fatigue machine upper grip;Collet under 9- fatigue machine;10- single shaft fatigue sample;11- penetrates short crack.
Specific embodiment
For a further understanding of the present invention, present invention is described with reference to embodiments, but embodiment is only to this The characteristics of invention and advantage are further elaborated, rather than limiting to the claimed invention.
The present invention is the preparation method containing the Metal Material Fatigue sample for penetrating short crack, and this method comprises the following steps:
(1) prefabricating fatigue crack on Three Points Bending Specimen, detailed process are as follows: process Three Points Bending Specimen first, use line Cutting method processes notch, then adds alternative cycle load to precast fatigue crack on fatigue machine again.In the step, it need to make The length of precrack is controlled with strain gauge, and should keep crack length, added load, frequency, span, three-point bending examination Sample ruler cun it is consistent.
(2) it processes the fatigue testing specimen of uniaxial loading: carrying out wire cutting along the direction perpendicular to fatigue crack frontal line, obtain The fatigue testing specimen with gripping section, excessive arc and parallel-segment containing penetrated crack;In the step, the position for the sample being cut into Set will edge at least 1mm apart from Three Points Bending Specimen, guarantee the plastic zone for not including crackle both ends;The sample cut is put down The length of row section and the length of both ends clamping end can suitably become according to the case where the collet of fatigue machine in the future Change.After linear cutter is sliced, three fatigue testing specimens are obtained, processing efficiency and stock utilization are higher.
(3) crack length a is measured1: it is polished removal wire cutting trace by sand paper, when polishing cannot destroy the geometry of sample Shape;Meanwhile the direction of polishing will be perpendicular to the direction of crack initiation;Then the parallel-segment of optical microphotograph sem observation sample is used The crackle at place, the measured length for obtaining crackle are a1;Crack length a1It is the length at the edge where from crack tip to notch;
(4) crack length a is tested to step (3)1Sample afterwards carries out secondary cut and removes notch;The secondary cut is Refer to, cutting off width by wire cutting is a1The part of -1mm removes notch, leaves a true crackle;The direction of cutting with Direction of check is perpendicular.
(5) crack length a is measured2: it is polished by sand paper and removes wire cutting trace, guarantee sample when polishing using sand paper Cross section is rectangle, cannot destroy the geometry of sample.Meanwhile the direction of polishing will be perpendicular to the direction of crack initiation.It beats After mill using optical microphotograph sem observation sample parallel-segment at crackle, measure crackle length be a2;Crack length a2Be from Length of the crack tip to edge where crack penetration.
(6) fine polishing obtains target short crack length to get the Metal Material Fatigue examination for penetrating short crack is contained described in Sample.In fine bruting process, first determine that the short crack length needed is a;The width of sample at this time is measured using screw-thread micrometer For W;The one side that polishing sample is passed through by crackle is until the width of sample is W- (a2-a)。
It can be used sand paper or grinding and polishing machine when fine polishing, the direction of the direction of polishing perpendicular to crack propagation;It polished Cheng Zhong will control the stock removal polished every time, in real time using the width of screw-thread micrometer measurement sample.
Prepared is the plate list that short crack is penetrated containing random length containing the Metal Material Fatigue sample of short crack is penetrated Axis fatigue testing specimen, including gripping section, excessive arc and parallel-segment, wherein short crack is all located on a smooth face.
Embodiment 1:
Method of the present embodiment preparation containing the plate single shaft fatigue sample for penetrating short crack, specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1, Three Points Bending Specimen prefabricating fatigue crack:
Original blank after heat treatment is processed into the Three Points Bending Specimen 1 with notch 3, specimen size is 16 × 16 × 90mm.Notch geometry is as shown in Figure 1, notch depth 5mm.Schematic diagram is loaded as shown in Figure 1, splitting with the support of support roller 2 when loading It is 8mm that line 4, which terminates length,.
Step 2, linear cutter slice is carried out to the Three Points Bending Specimen containing crackle:
The Three Points Bending Specimen that fatigue is had to crackle later carries out cutting slice, and wire cutting track I is as shown in Fig. 2, obtain To the initial blank of the single shaft fatigue sample with gripping section, excessive arc and parallel-segment.
Step 3, single shaft fatigue sample blank is cut:
Firstly, all surface using sand paper polishing blank in addition to indentation, there, removes wire cutting trace.Then, it uses Optical microscopy measures the distance a of the edge where crack tip to notch1.Cutting off width by wire cutting is a1- 1mm's Part, wire cutting trajectory line cutting track II are as shown in Figure 3.A true crackle is left after removal notch.
Step 4, fine polishing:
Firstly, the surface (i.e. buffed surface 7) where crackle of being polished using sand paper, removes wire cutting trace.Then, using light Learn the distance a for the edge being measured microscopically where crack tip to crackle2.It is then determined the short crack length needed is a; It the use of the width that screw-thread micrometer measures sample is at this time W;Finally, the face where polishing crackle, until the width of sample is W- (a2-a)。
Step 5, carry out fatigue test: the clamping schematic diagram of the sample is as shown in Figure 5.When test, prepared having is worn The single shaft fatigue sample 10 of saturating short crack 11 is fixed under fatigue machine upper grip 8 and fatigue machine between collet 9.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of preparation method containing the Metal Material Fatigue sample for penetrating short crack, it is characterised in that: this method includes as follows Step:
(1) prefabricating fatigue crack on Three Points Bending Specimen;
(2) it processes the fatigue testing specimen of uniaxial loading: carrying out wire cutting along the direction perpendicular to fatigue crack frontal line, contained The fatigue testing specimen with gripping section, excessive arc and parallel-segment of penetrated crack;
(3) crack length a is measured1: it is polished by sand paper and removes wire cutting trace, then using optical microphotograph sem observation sample Crackle at parallel-segment, measure crackle length be a1
(4) crack length a is tested to step (3)1Sample afterwards carries out secondary cut and removes notch;
(5) crack length a is measured2: it is polished by sand paper and removes wire cutting trace, then using optical microphotograph sem observation sample Crackle at parallel-segment, measure crackle length be a2
(6) fine polishing obtains target short crack length to get the Metal Material Fatigue sample for penetrating short crack is contained described in.
2. the preparation method according to claim 1 containing the Metal Material Fatigue sample for penetrating short crack, it is characterised in that: In step (1), the detailed process of prefabricating fatigue crack are as follows: process Three Points Bending Specimen first, processed with wire cutting method Then notch adds alternative cycle load to precast fatigue crack on fatigue machine again.
3. the preparation method according to claim 1 containing the Metal Material Fatigue sample for penetrating short crack, it is characterised in that: In step (2), the position of the sample being cut into will edge at least 1mm apart from Three Points Bending Specimen, guarantee not including crackle The plastic zone at both ends.
4. the preparation method according to claim 1 containing the Metal Material Fatigue sample for penetrating short crack, it is characterised in that: In step (3), the geometry of sample cannot be destroyed when polishing using sand paper;Meanwhile the direction of polishing will be opened perpendicular to crackle The direction split;Using the crack length that optical microscopy observes and measures be from crack tip to notch where edge length.
5. the preparation method according to claim 1 containing the Metal Material Fatigue sample for penetrating short crack, it is characterised in that: In step (4), the secondary cut refers to, cutting off width by wire cutting is a1The part of -1mm removes notch, leaves one True crackle;The direction of cutting and direction of check are perpendicular.
6. the preparation method according to claim 1 containing the Metal Material Fatigue sample for penetrating short crack, it is characterised in that: In step (5), guarantees that the cross section of sample is rectangle when polishing using sand paper, the geometry of sample cannot be destroyed.Meanwhile it beating It the direction of mill will be perpendicular to the direction of crack initiation.Using the crack length that optical microscopy observes and measures be from crack tip to The length at edge where crack penetration.
7. the preparation method according to claim 1 containing the Metal Material Fatigue sample for penetrating short crack, it is characterised in that: In step (6), in fine bruting process, first determine that the short crack length needed is a;Sample at this time is measured using screw-thread micrometer Width be W;The one side that polishing sample is passed through by crackle is until the width of sample is W- (a2-a)。
8. the preparation method according to claim 1 containing the Metal Material Fatigue sample for penetrating short crack, it is characterised in that: In step (6), sand paper or grinding and polishing machine are used when the fine polishing, the direction of the direction of polishing perpendicular to crack propagation.
9. the preparation method according to claim 1 containing the Metal Material Fatigue sample for penetrating short crack, it is characterised in that: It is described containing to penetrate the Metal Material Fatigue sample of short crack be the plate single shaft fatigue sample for penetrating short crack containing random length, wrap Gripping section, excessive arc and parallel-segment are included, where wherein short crack is all located at non-transition arcs on the smooth face in face.
CN201810985160.4A 2018-08-28 2018-08-28 A kind of preparation method containing the metal material plate fatigue testing specimen for penetrating short crack Pending CN109142000A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113514291A (en) * 2020-04-09 2021-10-19 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 Method for preparing test sample with surface cracks

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55142236A (en) * 1979-04-24 1980-11-06 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Manufacture of test piece or the like
CN103105406A (en) * 2011-11-09 2013-05-15 北京有色金属研究总院 Method for observing crack propagation path of titanium alloy under plane strain state
CN105067396A (en) * 2015-07-08 2015-11-18 上海交通大学 Method for controlling fatigue crack propagation path of sample
CN105108250A (en) * 2015-08-26 2015-12-02 南京航空航天大学 Method for flexibly online preparing micro line group electrode
CN108088741A (en) * 2017-12-08 2018-05-29 首钢集团有限公司 A Method of In-Situ Observation of Fatigue Cracks by Laser Confocal Microscope

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55142236A (en) * 1979-04-24 1980-11-06 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Manufacture of test piece or the like
CN103105406A (en) * 2011-11-09 2013-05-15 北京有色金属研究总院 Method for observing crack propagation path of titanium alloy under plane strain state
CN105067396A (en) * 2015-07-08 2015-11-18 上海交通大学 Method for controlling fatigue crack propagation path of sample
CN105108250A (en) * 2015-08-26 2015-12-02 南京航空航天大学 Method for flexibly online preparing micro line group electrode
CN108088741A (en) * 2017-12-08 2018-05-29 首钢集团有限公司 A Method of In-Situ Observation of Fatigue Cracks by Laser Confocal Microscope

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113514291A (en) * 2020-04-09 2021-10-19 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 Method for preparing test sample with surface cracks

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Application publication date: 20190104