CN103300252A - Vinasse type fully mixed diet formula for beef cattle - Google Patents
Vinasse type fully mixed diet formula for beef cattle Download PDFInfo
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- CN103300252A CN103300252A CN2013102556192A CN201310255619A CN103300252A CN 103300252 A CN103300252 A CN 103300252A CN 2013102556192 A CN2013102556192 A CN 2013102556192A CN 201310255619 A CN201310255619 A CN 201310255619A CN 103300252 A CN103300252 A CN 103300252A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vinasse type fully mixed diet formula for beef cattle. The feed material of the fully mixed diet comprises corn, bean pulp, rape seed cakes, rice bran, vinasse, sodium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, table salt, premix, corn silage, alfalfa, ryegrass, wild grass and straws. The vinasse type fully mixed diet formula applied for production of beef cattle is beneficial for maintaining stability of internal environment of rumen of beef cattle, and improving the activity of microorganisms, so that utilization of proteins and carbohydrates in the rumen is tend to synchronize, and the utilization ratio of the feed is improved. Feed (such as vinasse) which is cheap and poor in palatability can be developed, so that the cost of the feed is lowered. The problem that the fodder grass resources in the beef raising industry are insufficient can be effectively solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the livestock technology field, especially a kind of beef cattle vinasse type TRM prescription.
Background technology
TRM (Total Mixed Ration, TMR) be the nutritional labeling such as thick protein, energy, crude fibre, minerals and vitamins according to ruminant (ox, sheep) nutritional need, fully mix rubbing broken coarse fodder, fine fodder and various additive, to make every effort to every a bite that ruminant eats all be nutrient stabilizing, mix and meet the ideal type feed of nutritional need.The TMR technology starts from the sixties in 20th century; through constantly development; country in animal husbandry prosperities such as the U.S., Canada, Israel, Holland, Italy all generally adopts at present; introduce China the eighties in 20th century; develop very rapidly, good effect is popularized and obtained in present domestic scale cattle farm gradually.Development intensive, Scale animal husbandry that the TMR technology is applicable to, compare with the mode of feeding that the smart rough segmentation of tradition is opened, can effectively avoid the shortcoming that cattle and sheep are particular about food, take in nutritional imbalance, help to keep the stable of Rumen Internal Environment, improve feed intake and the digestibility of dry, reduce the generation of digestion and metabolism disease; Be conducive to improve the palatability of feed, the poor feed resource of exploitation palatability reduces feeding cost; Simplify the work program, the saving of labor, save time, raise labour efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is achieved in that the full mixed bull Diet Formula of beef cattle vinasse type, calculate by weight, the feedstuff in this TRM (former state) comprises 0.2485-0.2717 part corn, 0.0082-0.0176 part dregs of beans, 0.004-0.0303 part rape cake, 0.0083-0.0496 part wheat bran, 0.1801-0.2352 part vinasse, 0.0037-0.0040 part sodium acid carbonate, 0.0037-0.0040 part calcium bicarbonate, 0.0037-0.0040 portion salt, 0.0111-0.0120 part premix, 0.1488 part corn silage, 0.1289 part clover, 0.0938 part rye grass, 0.0596 part wild green grass and 0.0189 part of straw.
Guizhou is a drinks big producing province, and the whole province's liquor industry is realizing great-leap-forward development in recent years, and the output of vinasse also significantly increases.Vinasse are rich in protein, fat, crude fibre and vitamin, and contain the required several amino acids of animal growth and development and growth factor, can promote digestion, it is the animal and fowl fodder resource of desirable low-cost high-quality, but palatability is relatively poor, deep development utilizes the lees feeds resource, improves it and feeds and tire, and can effectively alleviate the shortage of our province protein feed resources.
Carried out following test by technique effect of the present invention in order further to verify:
1 materials and methods
1.1 test period and place
This test is carried out in Karst Area of Guizhou mountain area ox industry Co., Ltd (subsidiary of Co., Ltd of the blue or green wine in Guizhou group), and in June, 2012,15 days preliminary trial periods, fattening period is 9 months, weighs when on-test and end.
1.2 selection and the grouping of test ox
From karst mountain area ox industry Co., Ltd choose the Nishimoto of grow normal, healthy anosis, 14～16 monthly ages, body weight 280 ± 15.8kg assorted (Simmental * local ox,
♂) 30, be divided at random 3 groups, 10 every group, the initial body weight difference of 3 groups of test oxen not significantly (
P0.05).
1.3 daily ration forms and trophic level
The vinasse that this test is adopted are the industry byproduct of Guizhou Co., Ltd of blue or green wine group.The energy level of test ox daily ration, protein level are all formulated by Feng Yanglian chief editor " China Feeding Standard of Beef Cattle " (2004), the daily gain of diets of different nutrition level is pressed 1.0kg, essence slightly than the 55:45 preparation, i.e. control group (mode of feeding that adopts smart rough segmentation to raise), test I group (adopting the full mode of feeding of mixing), test II group (adopting the thick full mode of feeding of mixing of essence).The feedstuff proportion of composing of control group, test I group is consistent, and the content of vinasse is higher by 30% than control group, test I group in the daily ration of test II group.This test ox daily ration Raw (former state) weight and nutritive value see the following form.
Feeding and management
3 groups of test oxen are all adopted and tie method drylot feeding raising, day feeds 2 times, feeding time the morning 8:30 and afternoon 6:00, control group adopts the first rear thick mode of feeding of essence, the fine fodder rear input coarse fodder of having searched for food, fine fodder and the coarse fodder of test I group, test II group are fed behind TRM mixer mixing, all adopt automatic drinking bowl freely to drink water.The not complete material of can not searching for food is wanted groove under the weighing, records day by day feed consumption.Sooner or later respectively clean cowshed 1 time every day, keeps the colony house cleaning dry, grooming every day ox body 2～3 times, and the diet of viewing test ox and disease situation.
The mensuration project
1.5.1 the index of fattening
On-test and when finishing,, determination test Niu Tichong is 1 time respectively, and each continuously 2d(front empty stomach of all feeding is in the morning carried out), get the mean value of twice weight and be the ABW of this ox.
Carcass Index
After the off-test, choose 3 from every group of test Niu Suiji and carry out slaughter determining, testing index has Slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, neat percentage, marbling, back-fat thickness, top grade beef heavily to wait, and the relevant data of measuring is processed with the biological statistical method statistical analysis.
Statistical analysis
After test data is carried out preliminary treatment with Excel software, adopt DPS software (9.0) to carry out variance analysis.
Results and analysis
2.1 the performance of fattening
Data according to test determination are carried out statistical analysis, and the test ox is through 9 months fatten, the average daily gain of each group test ox, and price of deed situation sees Table 2.Can be got by table 2, under same feeding and management condition,
The average daily gain of test I group is the highest, and feedstuff-meat ratio is minimum, and the average daily gain of control group is minimum, and feedstuff-meat ratio is the highest; ⑵ the average daily gain utmost point of test I group and test II group be significantly higher than control group (
P＜0.01), feedstuff-meat ratio extremely significantly be lower than control group (
P＜0.01);
The equal difference of average daily gain, feedstuff-meat ratio of test I group and test II group not significantly (
P0.05).
Slaughter
Through to after the fattening of 3 groups of test Niu Jinhang 9 months, from every group, extract 3, carry out slaughter determining, the results are shown in Table 3.
As known from Table 3, ⑴ adopts dressing percentage, neat percentage, meat bone ratio, marbling grade, back-fat thickness, eye muscle area, the special top grade cube meat of the test I group of TRM heavy, high-grade cube meat weight average is better than control group (
P0.05);
Adopt dressing percentage, neat percentage, marbling grade, back-fat thickness, eye muscle area, the special top grade cube meat of the test II group of vinasse at high proportion heavy, high-grade cube meat weight average is lower than test I group (
P0.05);
From the ratio that special top grade cube meat is heavy, high-grade cube meat heavily accounts for meat weight, control group is the highest, test I group minimum (
P0.05).Illustrate, adopt TRM can improve the Slaughter of beef cattle, heavy, the high-grade cube meat of special top grade cube meat heavy (
P0.05); Improve vinasse ratio in the daily ration, can reduce the Slaughter of beef cattle, heavy, the high-grade cube meat of special top grade cube meat heavy (
P0.05).
Discuss and conclusion
3.1 TRM is on the impact of beef cattle production performance
TRM is for the special digestive physiology structure and characteristics design of ruminant.Because the feed intake of beef cattle is large, grazing speed is fast, a large amount of feeds enters cud without fully chewing just to swallow, after cud soaks and softens a period of time, food comes back to the oral cavity through contrary vomitting, through chewing again, again sneak into and enter cud after saliva is also swallowed, the long time of this process need again.If the mode of feeding that adopts smart rough segmentation to open, beef cattle is difficult to the abundant mixing of smart roughage, easily cause the ruminal pH value fluctuation larger, it is asynchronous that protein feeds and carbohydrate feed ferment, reduce the efficient of microorganism synthesising thalli protein and the utilization rate of feed, increased simultaneously the generation that Rumen Internal Environment is unbalance, digestive function is disorderly and Nutrition and Metabolism is sick
[6]Therefore, adopt the TRM technology of feeding, be conducive to the performance of the best production performance of beef cattle, improve the general level of the health of beef cattle.
Find by this comparative experimental research, the control group that adopts the daily gain utmost point of the test I group of TRM and test II group to be significantly higher than to adopt smart rough segmentation to open the mode of feeding (
P＜0.01), feedstuff-meat ratio extremely significantly be lower than control group (
P＜0.01), as seen adopts TRM can increase the economic benefit of beef cattle cultivation, also can simplify the raising program simultaneously, improve labor productivity.
Adopt TRM on the impact of the Slaughter of beef cattle
Result of the test shows, adopt TRM can improve beef cattle dressing percentage, neat percentage, meat bone ratio, marbling grade, back-fat thickness, eye muscle area (
P0.05), this mainly is because the mode of feeding that the mode of feeding of TMR is opened than traditional smart rough segmentation can improve feed intake and the digestibility of beef cattle, strengthens lumen fermentation intensity, reduces the beef cattle incidence of disease, guarantees balanced in nutrition.Improve vinasse ratio in the daily ration, can reduce the Slaughter of beef cattle, but difference not significantly (
P0.05).
From special top grade cube meat, high-grade cube meat heavily, test I group〉test II group〉control group; Heavily account for the ratio of cutability from special top grade cube meat, high-grade cube meat, control group〉test II group test I group, group difference not significantly (
P0.05).Illustrate, adopt the heavy and high-grade cube meat of special top grade cube meat that the TRM technology of feeding can improve beef cattle heavily, but can not improve the ratio that special top grade cube meat, high-grade cube meat account for meat weight; The ratio regular meeting that increases vinasse in the TRM reduces heavy, the high-grade cube meat of special top grade cube meat and weighs; The ratio that special top grade cube meat is heavy, high-grade cube meat heavily accounts for meat weight may and butchering of beef cattle certain correlation is arranged between the live-weight, remain further research.
Improve the ratio of vinasse in the TRM to the impact of beef cattle production performance
By this feeding experiment, daily gain, dressing percentage, neat percentage, marbling grade, back-fat thickness, eye muscle area, the special top grade cube meat that improves as can be known the test II group of vinasse ratio in the TRM is heavy, high-grade cube meat weight average is lower than test I group, feedstuff-meat ratio is higher than test I group, group difference not significantly (
P0.05), illustrate, improve the ratio of vinasse in the daily ration, when reducing feed cost, reduced the production performance of beef cattle.
Vinasse are rich in protein, fat, crude fibre and vitamin, and contain the required several amino acids of animal growth and development and growth factor, and the look delicate flavour is fragrant, can promote to digest, and are the animal and fowl fodder resources of desirable low-cost high-quality.But in the wine brewing process, the unconsolidated materials such as needs interpolation rice husk are to improve distillation yield, the while soluble-carbohydrate is fermented into alcohol and is distilled out, cause the corresponding reduction of NFE in the vinasse, crude fiber content significantly increases, reduced the nutritive value of vinasse, the excessive vinasse of feeding easily cause the adverse consequences such as livestock and poultry constipation, miscarriage, stillborn foetus.Therefore, in the present invention, although vinasse can reduce cost, consumption really can not be excessive, can only be clear and definite the suitable proportion of vinasse, just obtain the economic benefit of beef cattle production maximum.
Brief summary
At present, the main mode of feeding that adopts smart rough segmentation to open of our province beef cattle cultivation.Because the feed intake of beef cattle is large, grazing speed is fast, beef cattle is difficult to the abundant mixing of smart roughage, cause the ruminal pH value fluctuation larger, it is asynchronous that protein feeds and carbohydrate feed ferment, reduced the efficient of microorganism synthesising thalli protein matter, cause efficiency of feed utilization to descend, the mode of feeding that smart rough segmentation is opened in addition easily causes beef cattle particular about food, causes the imbalance of beef cattle nutrition.And adopt the TMR technology of feeding, be conducive to keep the stable of beef cattle Rumen Internal Environment, improve the activity of microorganism, make the utilization of cud internal protein and carbohydrate be tending towards synchronous, improve the utilization rate of feed, the feed that exploitation is cheap, palatability is poor (such as vinasse etc.), reduce feeding cost, effectively solve the problem of beef raising fodder grass inadequate resource.Therefore, vinasse type TRM is very wide in the application prospect of our province.
Owing to having adopted technique scheme, compared with prior art, the present invention adopts in the full ox daily ration that mixes of smart roughage and adds vinasse, utilizes local abundant lees feeds resource, the development of new feed; This feed can reduce feed cost, improves the level of production of beef cattle.Material source of the present invention is extensive, and is with low cost, and result of use is good.
The specific embodiment
Embodiments of the invention 1: beef cattle vinasse type TRM prescription, calculate by weight following component, the feedstuff in this TRM (former state) comprises 0.2485 part of corn, 0.0176 part of dregs of beans, 0.0303 part of rape cake, 0.0496 part of wheat bran, 0.1801 part of vinasse, 0.0040 part of sodium acid carbonate, 0.0040 part of calcium bicarbonate, 0.0040 part of salt, 0.0120 part of premix (commercially available DSM 4% beef cattle premix), 0.1488 part of corn silage, 0.1289 portion of clover, 0.0938 part of rye grass, 0.0596 part of wild green grass and 0.0189 part of straw.
Embodiments of the invention 2: beef cattle vinasse type TRM prescription, calculate by weight following component, the feedstuff in this TRM (former state) comprises 0.2717 part of corn, 0.0082 part of dregs of beans, 0.004 part of rape cake, 0.0083 part of wheat bran, 0.2352 part of vinasse, 0.0037 part of sodium acid carbonate, 0.0037 part of calcium bicarbonate, 0.0037 part of salt, 0.0111 premix (commercially available DSM 4% beef cattle premix), 0.1488 part of corn silage, 0.1289 portion of clover, 0.0938 part of rye grass, 0.0596 part of wild green grass and 0.0189 part of straw.
Claims (1)
1. a beef cattle vinasse type TRM is filled a prescription, it is characterized in that: calculate by weight, the feedstuff in this TRM comprises 0.2485-0.2717 part corn, 0.0082-0.0176 part dregs of beans, 0.004-0.0303 part rape cake, 0.0083-0.0496 part wheat bran, 0.1801-0.2352 part vinasse, 0.0037-0.0040 part sodium acid carbonate, 0.0037-0.0040 part calcium bicarbonate, 0.0037-0.0040 portion salt, 0.0111-0.0120 part premix, 0.1488 part corn silage, 0.1289 part clover, 0.0938 part rye grass, 0.0596 part wild green grass and 0.0189 part of straw.
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| CN103478501A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-01-01 | 宁夏大北农科技实业有限公司 | Daily-ration beef and preparation method thereof |
| CN104431420A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-03-25 | 仁怀市青龙腾达养殖场 | Beef feed using distilled grains |
| CN105166548A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2015-12-23 | 张大平 | Mixed feed for beef cattle |
| CN105285360A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-02-03 | 重庆工商大学 | TMR fermentation ration containing citrus pulp for beef cattle and preparation method of TMR fermentation ration |
| CN108967690A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2018-12-11 | 仁怀市杨杰养殖场 | A kind of efficient special feed of beef cattle |
| CN110679749A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-01-14 | 贵州大学 | Fermented total mixed ration for beef cattle in fattening period |
| CN111700168A (en) * | 2020-07-18 | 2020-09-25 | 贵州省草业研究所 | Method for feeding Sichuan black cattle by using silage broussonetia papyrifera and compound mushroom bran compound feed |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN105166548A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2015-12-23 | 张大平 | Mixed feed for beef cattle |
| CN105285360A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-02-03 | 重庆工商大学 | TMR fermentation ration containing citrus pulp for beef cattle and preparation method of TMR fermentation ration |
| CN108967690A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2018-12-11 | 仁怀市杨杰养殖场 | A kind of efficient special feed of beef cattle |
| CN110679749A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-01-14 | 贵州大学 | Fermented total mixed ration for beef cattle in fattening period |
| CN110679749B (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2023-01-03 | 贵州大学 | Fermented total mixed ration for beef cattle in fattening period |
| CN111700168A (en) * | 2020-07-18 | 2020-09-25 | 贵州省草业研究所 | Method for feeding Sichuan black cattle by using silage broussonetia papyrifera and compound mushroom bran compound feed |
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Application publication date: 20130918 |