CN103300250A - 一种能够降低蛋与肉类产品中胆固醇含量的饲料 - Google Patents
一种能够降低蛋与肉类产品中胆固醇含量的饲料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种能够降低蛋与肉类产品中胆固醇含量的饲料,该饲料按重量百分比由以下组分组成:玉米55~60%,麦麸2~4%,豆粕24~28%,鱼粉0.8~1%,碳酸氢钙1.2~1.5%,石粉7~9%,食盐0.2~0.4%,复合益生菌0.02~0.08%,复方中草药0.5~2%,亚麻荠籽油饼0.5~2%,食用菌菌丝体0.5~3%。本发明通过在饲料中按一定比例添加复合益生菌、食用菌菌丝体、富含α-亚麻酸的亚麻荠油籽饼以及由山楂、决明子、枸杞、黄芪组成的复方中草药,通过四者的协同作用,达到降低畜产品中胆固醇含量的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及动物饲料技术领域,具体涉及一种能够降低蛋与肉类产品胆固醇含量的饲料。
背景技术
高血压、冠心病、动脉粥样硬化等心血管疾病是当前导致人类死亡的主要原因,研究发现,血脂中总胆固醇的减少能降低高血脂人群患心血管疾病的风险。胆固醇是人体必需的营养成分,但随着人们生活水平的不断提高,人们摄入的胆固醇量普遍偏高,而血清中胆固醇过高会引发高血压、冠心病、脑中风等心血管疾病,严重威胁着人类的健康。降低人体胆固醇含量的主要手段是减少体外摄入,而膳食中摄入的胆固醇主要来源于动物性食品,如禽蛋蛋黄、猪肥肉及动物内脏等。因此,降低动物肉中和禽类蛋中胆固醇的含量是科学研究的重点。研究表明,乳酸菌和中草药制剂添加到动物饲料中具有降低动物机体内胆固醇和甘油三酯的作用,乳酸菌作为益生菌还能通过调节肠道菌群平衡来增加机体免疫力。因此,我们进行了大量的研究推广实验,旨在开发低胆固醇畜产品,来满足人们的健康需要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能够降低蛋与肉类产品中胆固醇含量的饲料。
为了实现以上目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种能够降低蛋与肉类产品中胆固醇含量的饲料,按重量百分比由以下组分组成:
所述复方中草药按重量百分比由以下组分组成:山楂25%、决明子25%、枸杞25%、黄芪25%。
所述复合益生菌主要包含乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、肠链球菌等有益微生物及其代谢产物和微生物增值保护剂、抗结块剂等组成的生物产品。
山楂中的黄酮类化合物—金丝桃苷能抑制肝细胞微粒体中三羟基三甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A(HMG-COA)的活力,而HMG-COA是胆固醇合成的限速因子。决明子中的蒽醌糖苷具有泻下作用,能减少肠道对胆固醇的吸收,增加胆固醇的排泄。因此,山楂与决明子合用,可能从抑制胆固醇合成和增加胆固醇的排泄两方面降低血清中胆固醇浓度,血清中胆固醇下降,经血循运输到卵泡的胆固醇就减少,从而使鸡蛋中胆固醇含量显著降低。
传统中医学认为,黄芪具有补气升阳、固表止汗、托毒排脓、利水消肿、敛疮生肌的功效。现代药理研究表明,黄芪具有增强机体免疫功能、强心降压、降血糖、利尿、抗衰老、抗疲劳、抗肿瘤、抗病毒、镇静、镇痛等作用。黄芪提取物黄芪多糖具有降血脂—即降低胆固醇和甘油三酯、升高高密度脂蛋白的作用;能够预防和治疗心脑血管疾病,如动脉粥样硬化、冠状动脉病变、周围血管病变以及高脂血症等。黄芪甲苷具有显著降低血糖、糖化血红蛋白和尿蛋白的作用,可降低肾皮质和血清中的AGEs,显示黄芪甲苷具有抗氧化作用,并对醛糖还原酶有抑制作用,还有抑制系膜细胞增生、减轻肾脏肥大的作用。
枸杞全身都是宝,枸杞子富含枸杞蛋白多糖、维生素C、磷、铁等多种营养成分,能补虚生精,用来入药或泡茶、泡酒、炖汤,如能经常饮用,便可强身健体。枸杞的叶、花、根也是上等的美食补品。枸杞果皮中富含的有效成分之一枸杞多糖(LBP)对骨髓造血功能和各项细胞免疫指标有明显的增强作用,能明显提高机体血液、肝和肌组织的超氧化歧化酶(SOD)的活性含量,有利于活性氧的清除,从而达到延缓衰老、抗疲劳的效果。枸杞具有降低血压、血脂和血糖的作用,能防止动脉粥样硬化,保护肝脏,抵制脂肪肝、促进肝细胞再生,部分研究表明降血糖作用是由于其中含有胍的衍生物。
复合益生菌中的乳酸菌通过两种途径来降解胆固醇,一种是与吸收和共沉淀相关的非代谢途径,另一种是通过菌体产生特殊的物质或酶将固醇转化为其它物质的代谢途径。
研究显示,目前人体中欧米伽–3与欧米伽–6比值为1:20~30。欧米伽–3严重缺乏,导致高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、癌症、抑郁症等多种慢性疾病患病率高发。欧米伽–3能帮助人体中脂肪分解的高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量增加,使让人发胖的低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量下降。
亚麻荠榨油后的油籽饼中含蛋白质约49%,矿物质约5%,纤维素约13%,剩余油分约4%,具有很高的营养价值,是极好的饲料原料。检测结果表明油籽饼中含有丰富的脂肪酸,其中含有12.8%~16.5%的亚油酸,34.9%~41.3%的亚麻酸,这两种不饱和脂肪酸具有降低血液中低密度脂蛋白及胆固醇的作用,可保持心脏及心血管的健康。
中草药可以促进益生菌的增殖,而益生菌可以促进中草药的吸收和利用,本发明就是通过在饲料中按一定比例添加山楂、决明子、枸杞、黄芪组成的复方中草药、复合益生菌添加剂、食用菌菌丝体以及富含α-亚麻酸的亚麻荠油籽饼,通过四者的协同作用,达到降低畜产品中胆固醇含量的目的。
具体实施方式
为方便对本发明进一步理解,现结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述:
实施例1
一种能够降低蛋与肉类产品胆固醇含量的饲料,按重量份由以下组分组成:
所述复方中草药按重量百分比由以下组分组成:
山楂25%、决明子25%、枸杞25%、黄芪25%
实施例2
一种能够降低蛋与肉类产品胆固醇含量的饲料,按重量百分比由以下组分组成:
所述复方中草药配方同实施例1。
实施例3
一种能够降低蛋与肉类产品胆固醇含量的饲料,按重量百分比由以下组分组成:
所述复方中草药配方同实施例1。
对比例
一种基础型饲料,按重量百分比由以下组分组成:
试验例
实施例1-3提供的能够降低蛋与肉类产品胆固醇含量的饲料的使用效果试验:
选择产蛋率和体重相近的15周龄海兰褐蛋鸡400只,随机分成4个组,每组100只。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,第Ⅳ组为空白对照组。从15周龄开始饲喂,截止到35周龄,预饲期1周,正式期19周。Ⅳ组为对照组,饲喂对比例基础饲料。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,分别饲喂实施例1、2、3所述的加有复合益生菌(含乳酸菌)、复方中草药(由山楂、决明子、枸杞、黄芪)、亚麻荠油籽饼以及食用菌菌丝体的饲料。
所有鸡均采用笼养方式,自由采食和饮水,定期清理粪便。试验过程中鸡的免疫接种及饲养管理按常规进行,每日观察记录试验鸡的生长状况。
试验期间每日观察记录鸡群健康状况、各组产蛋数、蛋重以及饲料消耗量,试验结束统计全程耗料量、产蛋率、产蛋量。
在试验结束时检测鸡蛋中氨基酸、胆固醇以及蛋黄中维生素A、E等营养成分的含量,测量蛋壳厚度、蛋黄颜色等蛋品质指标。
试验期间,在第20、28、35周龄各收集10枚蛋,试验结束后送农业部农产品质量监督检验测试中心化验,分别测定蛋黄中胆固醇含量。
表1 添加剂对蛋鸡生产性能的影响
饲料配方 | 平均蛋重(g/枚) | 产蛋率(%) | 平均日耗料量(g/只) | 料蛋比 |
实施例1 | 62.25 | 89.72 | 120.15 | 1.93 |
实施例2 | 62.68 | 90.86 | 119.56 | 1.91 |
实施例3 | 62.43 | 90.13 | 119.87 | 1.92 |
对比例 | 60.52 | 88.54 | 120.31 | 1.98 |
由表1可知,与对比例相比,实施例1组产蛋率、蛋重都有增加的趋势,料蛋比下降明显。
表2 四种添加剂对鸡蛋胆固醇含量的影响
组别 | 胆固醇含量(mg/100g) |
实施例1 | 360.16 |
实施例2 | 356.6 |
实施例3 | 359.25 |
对比例 | 712.33 |
由表2可知,实施例1、2、3所提供的饲料都具有明显降低鸡蛋胆固醇含量的作用,与对比例相比,分别下降了49.43%、49.93%、49.57%,其中以实施例2效果最佳。
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