CN103295655A - Water logging and air cooling combined passive containment cooling system and method - Google Patents
Water logging and air cooling combined passive containment cooling system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103295655A CN103295655A CN2012100504771A CN201210050477A CN103295655A CN 103295655 A CN103295655 A CN 103295655A CN 2012100504771 A CN2012100504771 A CN 2012100504771A CN 201210050477 A CN201210050477 A CN 201210050477A CN 103295655 A CN103295655 A CN 103295655A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention provides a water logging and air cooling combined passive containment cooling system and method. The system is completely self-started, free of intermediate control procedure and high in reliability. The is characterized by comprising a cooling pool and an air flow guide cover, wherein the cooling pool can submerge a containment, the air flow guide cover is arranged at the outside of the containment in the cooling pool, the air flow guide cover is provided with a surrounding part surrounding the containment, and a flow guide part located above the top part of the containment and extending to the atmosphere, the surrounding part and the flow guide part are connected into an entirety, the cooling pool is provided with an air inlet, and the air inlet of the cooling pool, the surrounding part of the air flow guide cover and the flow guide part form an air flow passage with a chimney effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nuclear reactor safety facility and method, be specifically related to a kind of containment cooling system and method.
Background technology
Containment is that nuclear reactor prevents radioactive product to last one physical barrier that environment discharges, and is the final containing entity of reactor radioactivity and decay heat under the accident conditions, and therefore, the integrality of keeping containment is most important.Containment cooling system drops under accident conditions, discharges the heat in the containment, keeps temperature and the internal gas pressure of containment to be lower than limiting design value, guarantees that containment is not destroyed, thereby keeps the integrality that radioactivity contains the border.
In existing reactor, containment cooling system can be divided into active and non-active two types.
In two generation nuclear power plants, adopted active containment cooling system (being containment spray system) mostly, its basic structure as shown in Figure 1, Reference numeral 1 indicates a circuit system among the figure; Reference numeral 2 indicates melt pit; Reference numeral 3 indicates containment; Reference numeral 4 indicates spray pipe; Reference numeral 5 indicates heat interchanger; Reference numeral 6 indicates spray pump; Reference numeral 7 indicates material-changing water tank.Under the accident conditions, spray chilled water to the containment top by enabling signal, be containment headroom decrease temperature and pressure, the surge pressure in the restriction containment, the integrality of assurance containment; Under recirculation mode, by the collection of ground effluent, the outer forced circulation cooling of containment heat is discharged to outside the containment.This system needs safe level power supply and safe level pump that driving power is provided in operational process.
Adopted non-active containment cooling system in some three generations nuclear power plant, Fig. 2 is the basic structure synoptic diagram of the non-passive safety shell cooling system of certain reactor, and among Fig. 2, Reference numeral 1 indicates reactor pressure vessel; Reference numeral 2 indicates the metal containment container; Reference numeral 3 indicates containment top cooling water tank; Reference numeral 4 indicates air baffle; Reference numeral 5 indicates drainpipe; Reference numeral 6 indicates ground.Its operation logic is as follows: under accident conditions, open the water discharge line valve by enabling signal, the water in the reserve tank relies on gravity to be sprayed onto the metal containment container outer wall, and forms moisture film; By the condensation of steam inside, the heat conduction of metal containment chamber wall, outside water film evaporation and air Natural Circulation, the heat in the containment is discharged in the environment, and reduces the interior surge pressure of containment.In this system's operational process, do not need external impetus.
With respect to active containment cooling system, its structure and principle are simpler, and do not need external impetus at operational process based on the containment cooling system of non-active principle, and its reliability is higher, is conducive to improve the security of reactor.
Yet, in existing containment cooling system design proposal, no matter be active and non-active scheme, all need receive external start signal and instruction, and after opening the running of related valve or pump, can put into operation.In case enabling signal is malfunctioning or valve and pump do not move, then this system can not carry out its function.In addition, under rub-out signal or valve and pump misoperation situation, also can bring other potential safety hazards.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of water logging and air-cooled non-passive safety shell cooling system and the method that combines, controlling unit, reliability height in the middle of its complete self-starting, the nothing.
Be water logging and the air-cooled non-passive safety shell cooling system that combines of realizing described purpose, it is characterized in that comprising cooling pond and air conducting cover, containment can be flooded in the cooling pond, this air conducting cover is set outside the inner containment of cooling pond, this air conducting cover have around containment around portion and the diversion division that leads to atmosphere that is positioned at the containment over top, link into an integrated entity around portion and diversion division, the cooling pond has air intake, from the air intake of cooling pond, to the air conducting cover around portion, the gas channel that has chimney effect again to the diversion division formation.
Described water logging and the air-cooled non-passive safety shell cooling system that combines, the water space that its further characteristics are cooling ponds is big at the free area at the top of containment, the water space of cooling pond only is the ring cavity between the pool wall of containment and cooling pond in the latter half, and free area is little.
Described water logging and the air-cooled non-passive safety shell cooling system that combines, the water level that its further characteristics are cooling ponds and the face of land maintain an equal level, and containment is positioned at the following degree of depth in the face of land.
Described water logging and the air-cooled non-passive safety shell cooling system that combines, its further characteristics are that abutment ring diminishes gradually around portion to the flow area of the gas channel of diversion division.
Described water logging and the air-cooled non-passive safety shell cooling system that combines, its further characteristics are the bottoms that extend to the cooling pond around portion.
Be water logging and the air-cooled non-passive safety shell cooling means that combines that realizes described purpose, be characterized in, under accident conditions, the heat of high-temperature steam in the containment is transmitted to the cooling pond of flooding containment by the wall of containment automatically, and set up stable heat transfer process gradually, water in the cooling pond is owing to be subjected to thermal evaporation, and steam rises automatically owing to buoyancy lift and is discharged into outside the containment, simultaneously heat is taken out of; Along with continuing of conducting heat, water in the cooling pond evaporates gradually, the water yield reduces, water level reduces, when water level is lower than the air conducting cover that arranges outside the inner containment of cooling pond after, naturally form the cooling pond air intake to the gas decline runner of air conducting cover bottom, and air conducting cover bottom is to the rising runner of air conducting cover air out, be that diabatic process automatically switches to air-cooled pattern, density is lower than the gas in the decline runner to gas in the rising runner owing to be heated, under the effect of density difference, cooling air outside the cooling pond continues to enter from the cooling pond air intake, through the decline runner, pass through the rising runner again and cool off the containment outer wall, discharge from air conducting cover air out then.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
1. adopt water logging formula metal containment container, realize the self-starting of diabatic process: under accident conditions, the mass-energy of cooling medium discharges the temperature and pressure that will cause in the metal containment and rises, the natural law of transmitting from high temperature to low temperature according to heat, the heat of high-temperature steam transmits to the cooling pond by safe shell wall automatically in the containment, and sets up stable heat transfer process gradually.Water in the cooling pond is owing to be subjected to thermal evaporation, and steam rises automatically owing to buoyancy lift and is discharged into outside the containment, simultaneously heat is taken out of.This shows that this diabatic process is leading by the natural law fully, its startup does not need external signal, does not need middle controlling unit, does not need human intervention yet, and its operational process is non-fully active, does not need external impetus;
2) the air conducting cover is set, after water level is lower than kuppe, diabatic process automatically switches to air-cooled pattern: in aforementioned diabatic process with the water-cooled mode operation, along with continuing of conducting heat, water in the cooling pond evaporates gradually, and the water yield reduces, and water level reduces, if there are not other additional water sources, cooling power is progressively lost in the pond; After water level is lower than kuppe, form gas naturally and descend and the rising runner, diabatic process automatically switches to air-cooled pattern.Density is lower than the gas in the decline runner to gas in the rising runner owing to be heated, under the effect of density difference, cooling air in the environment continues to enter from entrance, through the decline runner, again through the rising runner and cool off the metal containment outer wall, discharges from outlet then; This diabatic process also right and wrong is active, and is the nature switching from water-cooled to air-cooled switching, does not need external signal, does not need other controlling units, does not also need human intervention;
3) cooling pond is big in the water storage cross section at containment top, can store more chilled water and make the water-cooled pattern continue the long period, and containment is in floodage fully in this process, so heat interchanging area is big, is conducive to conduct heat; The water storage cross section of cooling pond the latter half is little, and moisture storage capacity is little, below the water level in the pond drops to the containment top after, faster by the water level decline rate that evaporation causes, be conducive to accelerate the switching from water-cooled to air-cooled pattern.Design makes that the heat removal capacity of containment cooling system is consistent with the attenuation law of decay heat like this, be the stronger exchange capability of heat of the bigger needs of accident initial stage decay heat power, so adopt the water-cooled pattern, and post incident reactor core decay heat power is less, adopts air-cooled pattern to meet the demands; In addition, containment locates below ground level and is conducive to strengthen biological shielding and reduces radiomaterial to the release of environment, and can prevent effectively that outside disaster or artificial destruction event are to the influence of reactor (destroy as flood, aircraft impact, terrorist etc.).
Amid all these factors, the present invention be based on the natural law, principle is simple, inherent safety good, reliability is high, the complete non-passive safety shell cooling system that adapts with the decay heat attenuation law.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the containment spray system synoptic diagram of existing reactor.
Fig. 2 is the non-passive safety shell cooling system synoptic diagram of existing reactor.
Fig. 3 is water logging of the present invention and the air-cooled non-passive safety shell cooling system structure figure that combines.
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of the water-cooled pattern of non-passive safety shell cooling system of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram of the air-cooled pattern of non-passive safety shell cooling system of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 3, in one embodiment of this invention, non-passive safety shell cooling system comprises metal containment container 22, cooling pond 23 and air conducting cover 25.Metal containment container (being containment) 22 is submerged under normal standby status in the external refrigeration pond 23 fully, and pond 23 is the hot traps of the decay heat of containment under accident conditions.In pond 23, outside the metal containment container 22, air conducting cover 25 is set, air conducting cover 25 have around containment 22 around portion 251 and the diversion division with air out 29 252 that is positioned at containment 22 over top, link into an integrated entity around portion 251 and diversion division 252, cooling pond 23 has air intake 26, from the air intake 26 of cooling pond, to air conducting cover 25 around the bottom of portion 251, constitute the gas channel with chimney effect to diversion division 252 again.
Further, the water level 24 of cooling pond 23 maintains an equal level with the face of land 27, metal containment container 22 is positioned at the face of land 27 following certain depths, therefore, cooling pond 23 is bigger in the water storage cross section at metal containment container 22 tops, can store more chilled water and make the water-cooled pattern continue the long period, and containment 22 is in floodage fully in this process, therefore heat interchanging area is big, is conducive to conduct heat; Cooling pond 23 only is the ring cavity between the wall in metal containment container 22 and pond 23 in the latter half, therefore, the live storage cross section of pond 23 the latter halfs is little, moisture storage capacity is little, after below the water level in the pond 23 drops to metal containment container 22 tops, faster by the water level decline rate that evaporation causes, be conducive to accelerate the switching from water-cooled to air-cooled pattern.Because evaporation and after water level is lower than kuppe 25 bottoms, form gas decline and rising runner naturally, diabatic process switches to air-cooled pattern by the water-cooled pattern automatically when the water in the pond 23.Design makes that the heat removal capacity of containment cooling system is consistent with the attenuation law of decay heat like this, be the stronger exchange capability of heat of the bigger needs of accident initial stage decay heat power, so adopt the water-cooled pattern, and post incident reactor core decay heat power is less, adopts air-cooled pattern to meet the demands.
Heat conduction, the evaporation outside the metal containment container 22 or the air Natural Circulation of the steam condensation under accident conditions in the dependence metal containment container 22, the wall of metal containment container 22, three non-active processes are transmitted continuously the heats in the containment 22 are discharged to the outer ultimate heat sink of containment 22, thereby keep the integrality of containment.
In addition, because containment 22 locates below ground level, this also is conducive to strengthen biological shielding and reduces radiomaterial to the release of environment, and can prevent effectively that outside disaster or artificial destruction event are to the influence of reactor (destroy as flood, aircraft impact, terrorist etc.).
The containment cooling system that can be used as presurized water reactor embodiment illustrated in fig. 3 is example with PWR nuclear power plant generation main coolant system cut accident below, sets forth running and the implementation process of this embodiment.
When primary pipe rupture's accident takes place in PWR nuclear power plant, pressure vessel 21 has main coolant system cut 28, one circuit cools agent (steam) of High Temperature High Pressure is discharged in the containment 22, the temperature and pressure that will cause gas in the containment 22 rises, if there is not the cooling provision of continuous and effective, containment 22 internal pressures may surpass the design restriction and be destroyed.Owing to adopt embodiment shown in Figure 3, can obviously alleviate such accident, under above-mentioned accident conditions, the concrete response of step of this embodiment is as follows.
1) as shown in Figure 4, because metal containment 22 is submerged under normal standby status in the cooling pond 23 fully, in the accident starting stage, the high-temperature steam that is discharged in the containment 22 will be directly in containment 22 inwall condensations, thereby keep the surge pressure of gas in the containment 22 to be lower than the design restriction.
2) along with continuing of conducting heat, the water temperature in the cooling pond 23 raises, gradually evaporation.Because the design pressure of metal containment 22 is greater than the atmospheric pressure in the cooling pond 23, therefore the saturation temperature of steam is higher than external refrigeration water saturation temperature all the time in the containment 22, thereby form stable diabatic process, namely by the heat conduction of containment 22 internal condensations, metal containment 22, the continuous transmission of three non-active processes of water evaporation of containment 22 outer walls the heat in the containment is discharged.
3) along with the evaporation gradually of water in the cooling pond 23, the water yield reduces, and water level reduces, and cooling power is progressively lost in the pond.After water level was lower than air conducting cover 25 bottoms, air flow channel formed automatically, and diabatic process automatically switches to air-cooled pattern, and set up new steady heat transfer process automatically.As shown in Figure 5, air-flow flows according to the direction shown in the arrow, form rising runner 32 and decline runner 31 (i.e. 23 the air intake 26 from the cooling pond, to air conducting cover 25 around portion 251, air out 29 to diversion division 252 constitutes the gas channel with chimney effect again), density is lower than the gas in the decline runner 31 to gas in the rising runner 32 owing to be heated, under the effect of density difference (being chimney effect), cooling air in the environment continues from the cooling pond 23 air intake 26 and enters, through decline runner 31, pass through rising runner 32 again and cool off metal containment 22 outer walls, discharge from the air out of air conducting cover 25 then.This diabatic process also right and wrong is active, and is the nature switching from water-cooled to air-cooled switching, does not need external signal, does not need other controlling units, does not also need human intervention.Under air-cooled pattern, the heat in the containment is taken out of by the steam condensation of containment 22 inwalls, the heat conduction of metal containment 22, the continuous transmission of three non-active processes of air Natural Circulation of containment 22 outer walls.
4) since this moment decay heat power be reduced to enough for a short time, rely on the air Natural Circulation can keep the cooling of containment.Air-cooled pattern can indefinite duration continuous service, do not need external impetus, do not need human intervention yet.
Claims (6)
1. water logging and the air-cooled non-passive safety shell cooling system that combines, it is characterized in that comprising cooling pond and air conducting cover, containment can be flooded in the cooling pond, this air conducting cover is set outside the inner containment of cooling pond, this air conducting cover have around containment around portion and the diversion division that leads to atmosphere that is positioned at the containment over top, link into an integrated entity around portion and diversion division, the cooling pond has air intake, from the air intake of cooling pond, to the air conducting cover around the bottom of portion, constitute the gas channel with chimney effect to diversion division again.
2. water logging as claimed in claim 1 and the air-cooled non-passive safety shell cooling system that combines is characterized in that the water space of cooling pond is big at the free area at the top of containment, and the water space of cooling pond is little at the free area of the latter half.
3. water logging as claimed in claim 1 and the air-cooled non-passive safety shell cooling system that combines is characterized in that the water level of cooling pond and the face of land maintain an equal level, and containment is positioned at the following degree of depth in the face of land.
4. the described water logging of claim 1 and the air-cooled non-passive safety shell cooling system that combines is characterized in that abutment ring diminishes gradually around portion to the flow area of the gas channel of diversion division.
5. water logging as claimed in claim 1 and the air-cooled non-passive safety shell cooling system that combines is characterized in that extending to around portion the bottom of cooling pond.
6. water logging and the air-cooled non-passive safety shell cooling means that combines, it is characterized in that, under accident conditions, the heat of high-temperature steam in the containment is transmitted to the cooling pond of flooding containment by the wall of containment automatically, and set up stable heat transfer process gradually, water in the cooling pond is owing to be subjected to thermal evaporation, and steam rises automatically owing to buoyancy lift and is discharged into outside the containment, simultaneously heat is taken out of;
Along with continuing of conducting heat, water in the cooling pond evaporates gradually, the water yield reduces, water level reduces, when water level is lower than the air conducting cover that arranges outside the inner containment of cooling pond after, naturally form the cooling pond air intake to the gas decline runner of air conducting cover bottom, and air conducting cover bottom is to the rising runner of air conducting cover air out, be that diabatic process automatically switches to air-cooled pattern, density is lower than the gas in the decline runner to gas in the rising runner owing to be heated, under the effect of density difference, cooling air outside the cooling pond continues to enter from the cooling pond air intake, through the decline runner, pass through the rising runner again and cool off the containment outer wall, discharge from air conducting cover air out then.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103953210A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-07-30 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Nuclear island arrangement structure of small-size pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant |
| CN104575633A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2015-04-29 | 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 | Passive water replenishment and heat export system for spent fuel pool |
| CN105427902A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-03-23 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Direct evaporative passive self-cooling flow guide plate |
| CN106170834A (en) * | 2014-01-29 | 2016-11-30 | 帕尔文纳纳桑·加内森 | There is the floating type nuclear reactor of self-cooled shell mechanism and emergency heat exchange system |
| CN106205751A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-07 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | A kind of underground nuclear power station containment latent heat formula cooling system |
| CN106251918A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-21 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | A kind of long timeliness Passive containment cooling system |
| CN106782696A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-05-31 | 清华大学天津高端装备研究院 | The air cooling equipment and nuclear facilities of a kind of containment |
| CN106847348A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-06-13 | 清华大学天津高端装备研究院 | A kind of ADS containment systems |
| CN112599257A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-02 | 武汉第二船舶设计研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所) | Marine capillary force driven containment heat exporting system |
| CN113140337A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-07-20 | 国科中子能(青岛)研究院有限公司 | Passive cooling system and method for multi-medium shared cooling channel and reactor |
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104575633A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2015-04-29 | 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 | Passive water replenishment and heat export system for spent fuel pool |
| CN106170834A (en) * | 2014-01-29 | 2016-11-30 | 帕尔文纳纳桑·加内森 | There is the floating type nuclear reactor of self-cooled shell mechanism and emergency heat exchange system |
| CN103953210A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-07-30 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Nuclear island arrangement structure of small-size pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant |
| CN105427902A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-03-23 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Direct evaporative passive self-cooling flow guide plate |
| CN106251918B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-04-20 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | A kind of long timeliness Passive containment cooling system |
| CN106205751A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-07 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | A kind of underground nuclear power station containment latent heat formula cooling system |
| CN106251918A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-21 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | A kind of long timeliness Passive containment cooling system |
| CN106782696A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-05-31 | 清华大学天津高端装备研究院 | The air cooling equipment and nuclear facilities of a kind of containment |
| CN106847348A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-06-13 | 清华大学天津高端装备研究院 | A kind of ADS containment systems |
| CN106847348B (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2018-11-13 | 清华大学天津高端装备研究院 | A kind of ADS containment systems |
| CN112599257A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-02 | 武汉第二船舶设计研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所) | Marine capillary force driven containment heat exporting system |
| CN112599257B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2024-03-15 | 武汉第二船舶设计研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所) | Marine capillary force driven containment heat export system |
| CN113140337A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-07-20 | 国科中子能(青岛)研究院有限公司 | Passive cooling system and method for multi-medium shared cooling channel and reactor |
| CN113140337B (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2023-09-15 | 国科中子能(青岛)研究院有限公司 | Passive cooling system, method and reactor for multi-medium shared cooling channel |
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Application publication date: 20130911 |