CN106251918B - A kind of long timeliness Passive containment cooling system - Google Patents
A kind of long timeliness Passive containment cooling system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106251918B CN106251918B CN201610774770.0A CN201610774770A CN106251918B CN 106251918 B CN106251918 B CN 106251918B CN 201610774770 A CN201610774770 A CN 201610774770A CN 106251918 B CN106251918 B CN 106251918B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of long timeliness Passive containment cooling system, pass through the evaporation of water in the pond that exchanges heat and/or the heat exchange of heat exchange tube assemblies, can be by the heat transfer of water in the pond that exchanges heat into the air between containment and concrete shielding, the cross-ventilation carried out between air intake and air outlet slit can take away heat, and containment moisturizing pond water replanishing device can maintain being basically unchanged for heat exchange pond liquid level.Implement the long timeliness Passive containment cooling system of the present invention, the hidden danger of containment structure strength and stability can be eliminated, increase the capacity of containment moisturizing pond, improve the ability that containment resists extreme event；Heat exchange power is significantly improved, lifts security reliability；The cooling and decompression of containment are effectively realized, to ensure the integrality of containment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nuclear power field, more particularly to a kind of long timeliness Passive containment cooling system (PCCS).
Background technology
The Passive containment cooling system of existing nuclear power plant is primarily present following technology and asks because structure design is unreasonable
Topic：
1st, the structure of huge water storage tank is carried at the top of containment, it is in extreme events such as strong earthquakes, Hai Xiao, cyclones
In easily cause structure to be destroyed and lose security function.
In addition, in this kind of mode, cooling water source is located in the water container above containment, and water tank is equipped with the liquid level of redundancy
Measurement channel and alarm are to monitor cistern water level, while the temperature measuring channel equipped with redundancy is with monitoring temperature and low temperature Times
It is alert, prevent water freezing.To maintain the performability of system, it is connected there is provided one with water tank, controls chemical characteristic and temperature
Recirculation loop.Under nuclear power plant's normal operation, recirculation loop maintains the normal condition of water tank；And in accident situation
Under, this recirculation loop is non-security level system, if nuclear power plant may freeze positioned at cryogenically band, the water of water tank, is sprayed
Water in pipe may be frozen, so as to cannot implement effective safety shower.
2nd, it is safe to steel by passive containment cooling water tank (PCCWST) interior water at low temperature after existing nuclear power plant's accident
Shell outside wall surface implement spraying cooling passive mode in, the water capacity in its water tank only meet the short time (such as：72 it is small when,
Containment structure is not enough to undertake bigger load) functional requirement.And in the case of extreme natural calamity, such as Fukushima nuclear accident
Under situation, factory's internal and external exchange power supply is completely lost within some time, after the water tank emptying of PCCWST, is driven without power source
Recirculation pump is moved to its moisturizing.If relying only on cross-ventilated mode to cool down in containment outside wall surface, it is not enough in discharge heap
Waste heat, high pressure can cause containment rupture in containment, and the consequence that causes the accident drastically deteriorates.
In addition, by establishing water membrane in steel containment vessel outside wall surface in this kind of mode, the evaporation of moisture film and right is utilized
Stream carries out the passive mode of heat removal, due to often reaching pressure peak initial stage in accident in containment, i.e. accident initial stage
It is to need most the period being winding is effectively cooled, and the time delay that moisture film is established based on the PCCS that experiment obtains is up to 337 seconds, is changed
The promptness deficiency of heat；Meanwhile do not obtained so far according to the experiment of US Westinghouse company, the coverage rate of moisture film foundation, heat removal capacity
To sufficient verification.
It can be seen from the above that it is that the further hoisting power of passive PWR nuclear power plant is faced that containment thermal capacity and heat, which remove,
Bottleneck problem, if using to the former method for designing simple dilatation, such as：It is cold to increase containment volume and surface area, increase
But the mode such as water storage bin volume, have been unable to meet it is high-power under the conditions of functional requirement, be unfavorable for power plant's macroeconomic type and
Security.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are, there is provided a kind of long timeliness Passive containment cooling system, can
The hidden danger of containment structure strength and stability is eliminated, increases the capacity of containment moisturizing pond, effectively realizes the cooling of containment
And decompression, to ensure the integrality of containment, improve the ability that containment resists extreme event；Heat exchange power is significantly improved, is carried
Rise security reliability.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the embodiment provides a kind of long timeliness passive containment cooling system
System, including：Steel containment vessel；The concrete shielding being arranged on outside steel containment vessel, concrete shielding and steel safety
There is the heat exchange pond that static pressure can be provided for steel containment vessel between the outer wall of shell；Floating is arranged on heat exchange pond liquid level
Heat exchange tube assemblies；Exchange heat pond ullage concrete shielding on open up to make extraneous air enter steel containment vessel and
Air intake between concrete shielding, opens up to make steel containment vessel on the concrete shielding at the top of steel containment vessel
The air outlet slit of air discharge between concrete shielding, heat exchange pond are formed in mixed below air intake position
Between solidifying soil shielded layer and steel containment vessel；And the containment moisturizing pond water replanishing device in heat exchange pond is connected to, wherein：Pass through
The evaporation of water and/or the heat exchange of heat exchange tube assemblies in heat exchange pond, can be by the heat transfer of water in the pond that exchanges heat to peace
Entirely in the air between shell and concrete shielding, carrying out cross-ventilation between air intake and air outlet slit can be by heat band
Walk, containment moisturizing pond water replanishing device maintains the liquid level in heat exchange pond to be basically unchanged.
Wherein, heat exchange tube assemblies include：More inside are filled with the heat exchanger tube of a certain amount of cooling working medium, and heat exchanger tube is set to close
Envelope, the inside of heat exchanger tube keep normal pressure or pressurization；The part that heat exchanger tube is seated in below heat exchange pond water liquid level is heat absorbing end,
The part that heat exchanger tube is seated in more than heat exchange pond water liquid level is release end of heat；Cooling working medium is low boiling working fluid so that heat absorbing end
By heat exchange pond water heating after can refrigeration but working medium evaporate, release end of heat by air cooling can refrigeration but working medium condense.
Wherein, heat exchange tube assemblies further include：To the Hollow barrel screen work that more heat exchanger tubes are fixed, more heat exchanger tubes
Equidistantly it is evenly arranged on Hollow barrel screen work, wherein：Hollow barrel screen work can produce certain buoyancy in the water in heat exchange pond
So that heat exchange tube assemblies can float on the liquid level in heat exchange pond.
Wherein, heat exchange tube assemblies further include：The fixed screen work of annular, the fixed screen work of annular by multiple annulus closely welding and
Into Hollow barrel screen work is fixed in the annulus of the fixed screen work of annular.
Wherein, multigroup heat exchange tube assemblies carry out the length dimension after assembly and width dimensions are respectively greater than the axial direction of heat exchanger tube
Height dimension.
Wherein, it is equiped with fin on the outer wall of heat exchanger tube.
Wherein, the boiling point of working medium is cooled down between 25 DEG C -100 DEG C.
Wherein, cool down working medium and cool down working medium for any of freon class R11, R113, R114 and R21.
Wherein, containment moisturizing pond water replanishing device includes containment moisturizing pond and containment moisturizing pond is connected to heat-exchanging water
The pipeline in pond, is provided with valve on pipeline, and valve can receive control signal or manual operation, needs to mend when heat exchange pond
When filling, the water of containment moisturizing pond is added to heat exchange pond.
Long timeliness Passive containment cooling system provided by the present invention, has the advantages that：
Firstth, can be by the pond Zhong Chi that exchanges heat by the evaporation of water in the pond that exchanges heat and/or the heat exchange of heat exchange tube assemblies
The heat transfer of water carries out air into the air between containment and concrete shielding between air intake and air outlet slit
Convection current can take away heat, and containment moisturizing pond water replanishing device maintains being basically unchanged for heat exchange pond liquid level.Exchange heat the cold of pond
But with the moisturizing of containment moisturizing pond, relatively existing way cooling water source being placed at the top of containment, eliminates containment
The hidden danger of structural strength and stability, and due to eliminating above-mentioned hidden danger, thus can further increase containment moisturizing pond
Capacity；In the prior art, after accident occurs for nuclear power plant, it is necessary to by the water spray of top water tank to containment outside wall surface,
According to experimental verification as a result, spraying successfully before need time of about 350 seconds, and in the present invention, water in the pond that exchanges heat
Contacted at any time with containment outside wall surface, after accident occurs for nuclear power plant, the effect of heat exchange can be performed at once.Heat exchange efficiency and
The raising of the promptness of cooling water, contributes to containment pressure peak after suppression accident, improves containment and resist extreme event
Ability, so as to improve the safety and reliability of nuclear power plant.
Second, the design of floating heat exchange tube assemblies, increases heat exchange area, improves heat exchange efficiency；Heat exchange tube assemblies include more
The heat exchanger tube of a certain amount of cooling working medium is filled with inside root, heat exchanger tube is set to seal, and the inside of heat exchanger tube keeps normal pressure or pressurization,
The reusable edible after by air cooling, effectively reduces the temperature in heat exchange pond, reduces the evaporation of heat exchange pond water；And
And containment moisturizing tankage is improved, heat exchange pond liquid level can be held essentially constant.This ensures in some time (when ＞ 72 is small)
Remain to meet functional requirement without power source.
3rd, using the heat exchange of heat exchange pond and between air intake and air outlet slit, air can be because the work of Natural Circulation
With realizing by lower from upper flowing, flowing while, will take away the heat of containment wall, and power, lifting peace are provided without the external world
Full reliability.
4th, since steel containment vessel wall is close in heat exchange pond, even if being in cold district, water therein in heat exchange pond
Even if freezing to receive the heat of steel containment vessel transmission, gradually fusing.In addition, the process of ice fusing can be taken away more
Heat, the water of ice or lower temperature can cause the temperature difference with steel containment vessel bigger, so that increasing heat removes power.
5th, whole use passive technology, without human intervention, DC power supply or pump, some time need not after accident
Power supply.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can be with
Other attached drawings are obtained according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the long timeliness Passive containment cooling system of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of the heat exchanger tube of the long timeliness Passive containment cooling system of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the fixed screen work of annular of the long timeliness Passive containment cooling system of the embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Embodiment
Technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete description, it is clear that described embodiment is only
Part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
All other embodiments obtained without creative efforts, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
With reference to referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 3, for the embodiment one of the long timeliness Passive containment cooling system of the present invention.
Long timeliness Passive containment cooling system in the present embodiment includes：Steel containment vessel 1；It is arranged on steel safety
Having between the outer wall of concrete shielding 2 outside shell 1, concrete shielding 2 and steel containment vessel 1 can carry for containment
For the heat exchange pond 3 of static pressure；Floating is arranged on the heat exchange tube assemblies 4 on heat exchange 3 liquid level 3a of pond；Exchange heat pond liquid level 3a tops
Concrete shielding 2 on open up to make extraneous air to enter between steel containment vessel 1 and concrete shielding 2 air enter
Mouthfuls 21, open up to make between steel containment vessel 1 and concrete shielding 2 on the concrete shielding 2 at the top of steel containment vessel 1
Air discharge air outlet slit 22；And the containment moisturizing pond water replanishing device 5 in heat exchange pond 3 is connected to, wherein：By changing
The evaporation of water and/or the heat exchange of heat exchange tube assemblies 4 in hot-tub 3, can be by the heat transfer of water in the pond 3 that exchanges heat to steel
In air between containment 1 and concrete shielding 2 processed, air pair is automatically formed between air intake 21 and air outlet slit 22
Stream, and heat can be taken away, containment moisturizing pond water replanishing device 5 is by pipeline and valve, to heat exchange water replenishment, to maintain to change
Hot-tub liquid level 3a's is basically unchanged.
When it is implemented, steel containment vessel 1 is steel containment vessel, housing is arranged to steel plate, meets passive nuclear plant
Containment suppresses pressure, contains radioactive substance, thermal conductivity in containment is passed through the functional requirements such as steel export.
Concrete shielding 2 is arranged on the outside of steel containment vessel 1, and concrete shielding 2 has the work of radioactive shield
With the ability of raising resistance external impact.It can be safety to have between the outer wall of concrete shielding 2 and steel containment vessel 1
Shell provides the heat exchange pond 3 of cooling.
Specifically, open up to make extraneous air enter steel on the concrete shielding 2 above heat exchange pond liquid level 3a
Air intake 21 between containment 1 and concrete shielding 2, air intake 21 play the role of be：On the one hand can conduct
Air enters the entrance on 4 top of heat exchange tube assemblies between steel containment vessel 1 and concrete shielding 2, on the other hand can be with
Spout hole as heat exchange pond 3 is to prevent the water storage level in heat-exchanging water pond 3 excessive.Coagulation below 21 position of air intake
Heat exchange pond 3 is formed between native shielded layer 2 and steel containment vessel 1, the water to exchange heat in pond 3 can pacify after accident for steel
Full shell 1 provides static pressure, increases the constrain ability of steel containment vessel 1.
Heat exchange pond 3, which is played the role of, is：Water immersion 1 outside wall surface of part steel containment vessel in heat exchange pond 3, i.e. phase
It is placed in when in by pressure vessel in pond.After when nuclear power plant occurs, the heat of reactor is discharged into containment, containment
Heat by the steel wall of steel containment vessel, pass to heat exchange pond.
It should be noted that the water in heat exchange pond 3 will not cause unacceptable pressure to the housing of steel containment vessel 1
Power load, as shown in table 1, by taking the steel containment vessel of AP1000 as an example, interior failure probability is small when 24 is small under 81psig pressure loads
A height of 10 meters of the water storage level in the heat exchange pond 3 of Preliminary design in 0.01%, the present embodiment, then at heat exchange 3 basin bottom of pond
The hydraulic head that steel containment vessel is born is 14.22psig, and the failure much smaller than steel containment vessel 1 carries pressure load.In addition,
It can also intend taking other measures in the present embodiment, the load bearing capacity of part steel containment vessel housing where enhancing pond,
For example with measures such as reinforcing rib, wall thickenings.
Nominal and conservative operating mode AP1000 containment failure probabilities when table 1 24 is small and when 72 is small
Further, heat exchange tube assemblies 4 include：More inside are filled with the heat exchanger tube 41 of a certain amount of cooling working medium, heat exchange
The inside of pipe 41 keeps normal pressure or pressurization, heat exchanger tube 41 to have heat absorbing end 411 and release end of heat 412.Wherein, the quantity of heat exchanger tube 41
It can be adjusted according to actual needs, such as hundreds of or thousands of.Be filled with heat exchanger tube 41 it is a certain amount of not with working medium and
The stabilizing gas of tube wall reaction, makes tubular body keep the state of normal pressure or pressurization,.
To the Hollow barrel screen work 42 that more heat exchanger tubes are fixed, more heat exchanger tubes 41 are first-class in Hollow barrel screen work 42
Away from being evenly arranged, it advantageously forms uniform heat-dissipating space, strengthens heat dissipation effect.
Hollow barrel screen work 42 can produce certain buoyancy so that heat exchange tube assemblies 4 can float in the water in heat exchange pond 2
Move on the liquid level 3a in heat exchange pond 3.When it is implemented, reality can be subject to by the way that Hollow barrel screen work 42 is set to hollow structure
It is existing.For example, in the present embodiment, Hollow barrel screen work 42 is columned hollow sealing bucket, and Hollow barrel screen work 42 is set to hollow circle
Column sealing bucket can also play following function, when multigroup heat exchange tube assemblies carry out assembled, be set to columned Hollow barrel lattice
Frame 42 can reduce the tangent line or point of contact between adjacent heat exchange tube assembly, collide so as to reduce with adjacent heat exchange tube assembly
Possibility, can exchange heat pipe 41 carry out axial restraint.It is understood that the sealing structure of Hollow barrel screen work 42 can be formed
Certain buoyancy, makes whole component float on the water surface.
Heat exchange tube assemblies 4 further include：The fixed screen work 43 of annular, the fixed screen work 43 of annular are closely welded by multiple annulus 431
Form, Hollow barrel screen work 42 is fixed in the annulus 431 of the fixed screen work 43 of annular.Annulus 431 is the position that heat exchange tube assemblies 4 are placed
Put, the Hollow barrel screen work 42 at the middle part of heat-exchanging component 4 is fixed on annulus 431.In this way, can make component be heated after relative position consolidate
It is fixed, the collision of adjacent component is reduced, ensures that heat-exchanging component is not easy to topple；Also, heat-exchanging water can also be made full use of by being so designed that
The space in pond 3, places heat-exchanging component 4 as much as possible, and then improves exchange capability of heat.It can also be designed in other embodiment
Other shapes, have no effect on implementation.
Further, the cylindrical tube that heat exchanger tube 41 seals for hollow and both ends, it is a certain amount of cold due to being filled with inside it
But working medium and normal pressure or pressurization being maintained so that it is mostly liquid that it maintains lower part at work, and top is mostly the state of steam,
So that the center of gravity of heat exchanger tube 41 is located at middle and lower part, it is to reduce the possibility that heat exchange tube assemblies are toppled that it, which is acted on, is also beneficial to
When multiple heat exchanger tubes 41 are also secured in Hollow barrel screen work 42, heat exchange tube assemblies 4 can standing upright in water, Bu Huiqing
Cover.
The part that heat exchanger tube 41 is seated in heat exchange below pond liquid level 3a is heat absorbing end 411, and heat exchanger tube 41 is seated in heat exchange
The part of more than pond liquid level 3a is release end of heat 412；Working medium T is cooled down as low boiling working fluid so that heat absorbing end 411 is by heat exchange pond 1
Water heating after can refrigeration but working medium evaporate, release end of heat 412 by air cooling can refrigeration but working medium condense.When it is implemented,
Cooling working medium T should be using boiling point under relevant pressure in about 25 DEG C (atmospheric temperature) and 100 DEG C of (spentnuclear fuel storages in heat exchanger tube 41
Water water boiling temperature) between, and the working medium that the latent heat of vaporization is big, such as R11, R113, R114 and R21 of freon class, this
The heat absorbing end 411 of sample heat exchanger tube causes working medium to be evaporated by water heating, and release end of heat 412 is by the air cooling from air intake 21
Cause working medium to condense, be back to the lower liquid part of heat exchanger tube 41 under the effect of gravity.Working medium T condenses heat release, and air is changing
3 liquid level 3a of hot-tub and 41 top of heat exchanger tube are heated, mixed heat transfer pond 3 evaporate vapor, density contrast driving under on
Rise, discharged eventually through the draft outlet 22 at the top of steel containment vessel 1.The working medium requirement of selection can try one's best in this process
Heat is taken away more.
It is appreciated that：Since the heat exchange area of heat exchange tube assemblies 4 and cold exchange area are more than changing for single liquid level
Hot area；Using special liquid under specified pressure than water low boiling point and the big latent heat of vaporization difference the characteristics of, compared to homogenous quantities
Water, working medium discharge more heats in containment, improve heat exchange efficiency.Therefore, with 3 He of pond that exchanges heat outside steel containment vessel 1
Heat-exchanging component 4 can more effectively meet the needs of discharging residual heat of nuclear core for the containment cooling system of critical piece.
Further, common refrigerant is divided into three classes by condensation temperature：High-temperature low-pressure refrigerant：R11、R113、R114、
R21, medium temperature and medium pressure refrigerant：R12, R22 etc., cryogenic high pressure refrigerant：R13, R14 etc..It is low that heat exchange intraductal working medium should be high temperature
Compression refrigerant.The parameter for being applicable in working medium is shown in Table 2.Operating pressure, boiling point and the latent heat of vaporization of working medium are considered, in the design
The characteristics of working medium is just set to R113, and R113 meets low boiling point and the larger latent heat of vaporization, and operating pressure is normal pressure, simplifies heat exchange
Pipe manufacture craft, the intensity requirement for exchanging heat pipe cladding materials be not high.
Table 2：High-temperature low-pressure refrigeration agent parameter
| Pressure (bar) | Boiling point (DEG C) | The latent heat of vaporization (kJ/kg) | |
| R11 | 1.7 | 40 | 174.17 |
| R113 | 1.0 | 47 | 147.19 |
| R114 | 3.37 | 40 | 122.09 |
| R21 | 2.96 | 40 | 224.4 |
Preferably, fin 413 is equiped with the outer wall of heat exchanger tube 41, to strengthen exchanging heat, improving heat radiation efficiency.
Preferably, multigroup heat exchange tube assemblies 4 carry out the length dimension after assembly and width dimensions are respectively greater than heat exchanger tube 41
Axial height size, the effect being arranged such is：The heat exchange tube assemblies 41 for ensureing to float on liquid level are not easy to be toppled.
Further, long timeliness Passive containment cooling system further includes containment moisturizing pond water replanishing device 5, wherein,
Containment moisturizing pond water replanishing device 5 includes containment moisturizing pond 51 and containment moisturizing pond 51 is connected to the pipeline in heat exchange pond
52, valve 53 is installed on pipeline, valve can receive control signal or manual operation, when requiring supplementation with for heat exchange pond 3
When, the water of containment moisturizing pond 51 is added to heat exchange pond 3.
Made when it is implemented, the effect of containment moisturizing pond water replanishing device 5 is supplement due to the evaporation of heat exchange 3 water of pond
Into the liquid level in heat exchange pond 3 decline, ensure the exchange capability of heat of containment cooling system,
In the specific implementation, passive containment cools down long timeliness Passive containment cooling system provided by the present invention
System under nuclear power plant's accidental conditions without using, only automatically engage use if necessary after accident.
Once generation accident, 41 heat absorbing end of heat exchanger tube, the 411 automatic absorption water heat of heat exchange tube assemblies 4, intraductal working medium T
Low boiling point, easily evaporation of being heated, gas flows up into release end of heat 412, herein by 41 outside wall surface air cooling of heat exchanger tube, work
Matter T is condensed into liquid phase, and liquid phase working fluid flows downward along internal face, returns to endotherm section, rises after air heats, passes through ventilation
Outlet 22 is finally discharged in air.Form 411 steel wall of water → heat absorbing end → 412 steel wall of working medium T → release end of heat → sky
The cooling controling of gas, by evaporation, condensation, the reflux of working medium T repeatedly, is eventually transferred to air, when realizing long by the heat of water
Effect takes away heat in containment.In the case of design basis accident, the size in the pond 3 that exchanges heat and the number of heat-exchanging component 4 meet, make
The neighbouring temperature of 3 liquid level of pond that must exchange heat is less than the boiling point of working medium, and the evaporation in the pond that exchanges heat is less.Under beyond design basis accident, change
Temperature is equal to or higher than the boiling point of working medium near 3 liquid level of hot-tub, relies on evaporation and the cross-ventilation of the water in heat exchange pond at this time
Take away containment heat.
After accident, exchange heat pond 3 water can not to avoid meeting some be evaporated so that cause heat exchange pond liquid level
Decline, cause heat exchange tube assemblies 4 also to decline therewith, if decline is too low, heat exchange basin bottom may be touched, cause to exchange heat
Pipe damages；Water is too low can not also to meet heat exchange demand, and containment moisturizing pond water replanishing device 5 is maintaining liquid level.
Long timeliness Passive containment cooling system provided by the present invention, has the advantages that：
Firstth, can be by the pond Zhong Chi that exchanges heat by the evaporation of water in the pond that exchanges heat and/or the heat exchange of heat exchange tube assemblies
The heat transfer of water carries out air into the air between containment and concrete shielding between air intake and air outlet slit
Convection current can take away heat, and containment moisturizing pond water replanishing device maintains being basically unchanged for heat exchange pond liquid level.Exchange heat the cold of pond
But with the moisturizing of containment moisturizing pond, relatively existing way cooling water source being placed at the top of containment, eliminates containment
The hidden danger of structural strength and stability, and due to eliminating above-mentioned hidden danger, thus can further increase containment moisturizing pond
Capacity；The promptness of cooling water and the raising of heat exchange efficiency, contribute to containment pressure peak after suppression accident, improve peace
Full shell resists the ability of extreme event, so as to improve the safety and reliability of nuclear power plant.
Second, the design of floating heat exchange tube assemblies, increases heat exchange area, improves heat exchange efficiency；Heat exchange tube assemblies include more
The heat exchanger tube of a certain amount of cooling working medium is filled with inside root, heat exchanger tube is set to seal, and the inside of heat exchanger tube keeps normal pressure or pressurization,
The reusable edible after air cooling, effectively reduces the temperature in heat exchange pond, reduces the evaporation of liquid；Also, improve safety
Shell moisturizing tankage, heat exchange pond liquid level can keep being basically unchanged.Without power source (when ＞ 72 is small) in this guarantee some time
Remain to meet functional requirement.
3rd, using the heat exchange of heat exchange pond and between air intake and air outlet slit, air can be because the work of Natural Circulation
With realizing by lower from upper flowing, flowing while, will take away the heat of containment wall, and power, lifting peace are provided without the external world
Full reliability.
4th, since steel containment vessel wall is close in heat exchange pond, even if being in cold district, water therein in heat exchange pond
Even if freezing to receive the heat of steel containment vessel transmission, gradually fusing.In addition, the process of ice fusing can be taken away more
Heat, the water of ice or lower temperature can cause the temperature difference with steel containment vessel bigger, so that increasing heat removes power.
5th, whole passive technology is realized, without human intervention, DC power supply or pump, for a long time need not after accident
Power supply.
Claims (9)
- A kind of 1. long timeliness Passive containment cooling system, it is characterised in that including：Steel containment vessel；The concrete shielding being arranged on outside the steel containment vessel, the concrete shielding and the steel containment vessel There is the heat exchange pond that cooling can be provided for the steel containment vessel between outer wall,；Float and be arranged on the heat exchange tube assemblies to exchange heat on the liquid level of pond；Open up to make extraneous air into the steel pacify on the concrete shielding of the heat exchange pond ullage Air intake between shell and the concrete shielding entirely, opens up use on the concrete shielding at the top of the steel containment vessel So that the air outlet slit of the air discharge between the steel containment vessel and the concrete shielding, the heat exchange pond is formed Between the concrete shielding and the steel containment vessel below the air intake position；AndThe containment moisturizing pond water replanishing device in the heat exchange pond is connected to, wherein：, can be by the heat exchange pond by the evaporation of water and/or the heat exchange of the heat exchange tube assemblies in the heat exchange pond The heat transfer of middle water is into the air between the containment and the concrete shielding, the air intake and described Cross-ventilation is carried out between air outlet slit to take away heat, and the containment moisturizing pond water replanishing device maintains the heat exchange pond Liquid level be basically unchanged.
- 2. long timeliness Passive containment cooling system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the heat exchange tube assemblies bag Include：More inside are filled with the heat exchanger tube of a certain amount of cooling working medium, and the heat exchanger tube is set to seal, the inside of the heat exchanger tube Keep normal pressure or pressurization；The part that the heat exchanger tube is seated in below heat exchange pond water liquid level is heat absorbing end, and the heat exchanger tube is seated in heat-exchanging water Part more than pond water liquid level is release end of heat；The cooling working medium is for low boiling working fluid so that the heat absorbing end is by heat exchange pond Water heating after can cause it is described cooling working medium evaporate, the release end of heat by air cooling can cause it is described cooling working medium condense.
- 3. long timeliness Passive containment cooling system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the heat exchange tube assemblies are also Including：To the Hollow barrel screen work that the more heat exchanger tubes are fixed, the more heat exchanger tubes are on the Hollow barrel screen work Equidistantly it is evenly arranged, wherein：The Hollow barrel screen work can produce certain buoyancy so that the heat exchange tube assemblies can float in the water in heat exchange pond Move on the liquid level in heat exchange pond.
- 4. long timeliness Passive containment cooling system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the heat exchange tube assemblies are also Including：The fixed screen work of annular, the fixed screen work of annular are closely welded by multiple annulus, and the Hollow barrel screen work is fixed on In the annulus of the fixed screen work of annular.
- 5. long timeliness Passive containment cooling system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that multigroup heat exchange tube assemblies into Length dimension and width dimensions after row is assembled are respectively greater than the axial height size of the heat exchanger tube.
- 6. long timeliness Passive containment cooling system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the outer wall of the heat exchanger tube On be equiped with fin.
- 7. long timeliness Passive containment cooling system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the boiling of the cooling working medium O'clock between 25 DEG C -100 DEG C.
- 8. long timeliness Passive containment cooling system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the cooling working medium is fluorine Any of Leon class R11, R113, R114 and R21 cool down working medium.
- 9. long timeliness Passive containment cooling system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the containment moisturizing pond Water replanishing device includes containment moisturizing pond and containment moisturizing pond is connected to the pipeline in heat exchange pond, and valve is provided with pipeline Door.
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| CN108335764B (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2020-01-21 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | Small-size spent fuel cooling and clean system that piles |
| CN109273115B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2023-08-15 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | Containment heat-conducting device and heat-conducting method for nuclear power plant |
| CN109545400A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-29 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | A kind of Passive containment cooling system |
| CN112071452B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2023-02-21 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Nuclear power plant post-accident containment heat exporting system |
| CN112071451B (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2022-11-01 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Multifunctional double-layer concrete containment system of pressurized water reactor |
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