CN103292905B - A kind of broadband solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device - Google Patents
A kind of broadband solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103292905B CN103292905B CN201310213203.4A CN201310213203A CN103292905B CN 103292905 B CN103292905 B CN 103292905B CN 201310213203 A CN201310213203 A CN 201310213203A CN 103292905 B CN103292905 B CN 103292905B
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Abstract
A kind of broadband solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device, relate to spectral measurement field, be specifically related to a kind of broadband solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device to day observation based on space, solve existing solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device, existing linear array detector cannot be utilized to realize the problem of high spectral resolution, and cut Er Nitena system in wide spectral range under object lens of large relative aperture condition, the problem that aberration is serious, spectral resolution is low.One-piece construction is divided into three passages, comprises in each passage; Integrating sphere, entrance slit, principal reflection mirror, convex grating, secondary mirror, beam splitter, First Line array detector and the second linear array detector.This structure has that structure is simple, stability is high, spectral range is large, relative aperture is large, spectral resolution advantages of higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to spectral measurement field, be specifically related to a kind of broadband solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device.
Background technology
At present, solar spectrum irradiancy monitor has the SOLSPEC instrument series of NASA space shuttle, the SORCE task of the U.S., and the pertinent instruments of the TRUTHS plan of the CLARREO project of the U.S. studied and European Space Agency.The immediate pertinent instruments being the TRUTHS of European Space Agency and planning with the design, its structure as shown in Figure 1, primarily of integrating sphere 1, entrance slit 2, sphere collimating mirror 3, plane grating 4, spherical surface focusing catoptron 5, beam splitter 6 and First Line array detector 7, second linear array detector 8 form.Integrating sphere 1 entrance and two entrance slits 2 lay respectively at 3-D walls and floor centered by integrating sphere 1 and integrating sphere 1 point of intersection.Light is incident by integrating sphere 1 entrance, through two entrance slit 2 outgoing, and all band is divided into binary channels to carry out light splitting.At each passage, all adopt and cut Er Nitena system, namely the light of entrance slit 2 outgoing is directional light through sphere collimating mirror 3 outgoing, dispersion is produced through plane grating 4 I and II diffraction, picture is converged to again through spherical surface focusing catoptron 5, light beam is divided into two parts according to wavelength by beam splitter 6, and First Line array detector 7, second linear array detector 8 lays respectively at the image planes position of two parts light.
In said system, two channel spectral range are respectively 200-800nm and 650-2500nm.Corresponding two passages four pieces of linear array detector investigative ranges are respectively 200-400nm, 400-800nm, 650-1300nm, 1300-2500nm.Spectral resolution is 0.5nm at 200-1000nm wave band, is 1nm at 1000-2500nm wave band.If divided according to above-mentioned wave band, then 1300-2500nm wave band will reach the spectral resolution requirement of 1nm, then need one piece of linear array detector at least comprising 1200 pixel numbers, and in this spectral range, what linear array detector can reach at present is only 512 pixel numbers.
In addition, cutting in Er Nitena system, due to the impact of aberration, wide spectral range and high spectral resolution are difficult to obtain under object lens of large relative aperture condition simultaneously.When this system is applied to solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring, due to solar spectrum wide ranges, under the condition determining linear dispersion, increase relative aperture can increase the every aberration based on spherical aberration coma, derivative spectomstry resolution declines, and the energy distribution affected in image planes, and then the accuracy of solar spectrum irradiancy is measured in impact.
Therefore, existing linear array detector how is utilized to be the problem needing during solar spectrum irradiancy is measured to solve to ensure spectral resolution and how to coordinate wide spectral range and high spectral resolution under object lens of large relative aperture condition.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve existing solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device, the problem of existing linear array detector realize target spectral resolution cannot be utilized, and cut Er Nitena system in wide spectral range under object lens of large relative aperture condition, the problem that aberration is serious, spectral resolution is low, the invention provides a kind of solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device.
A kind of broadband solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device, this device is that triple channel splices composition side by side, and each passage comprises, integrating sphere, entrance slit, principal reflection mirror, convex grating, secondary mirror, beam splitter, First Line array detector and the second linear array detector, integrating sphere is placed in whole light path foremost, it is two-dimensional coordinate axle and the integrating sphere surface intersection point place of true origin that integrating sphere entrance and entrance slit lay respectively at the centre of sphere, the light of entrance slit outgoing becomes converging light through principal reflection mirror, described converging light is through convex grating reflection generation one, second-order diffraction, diffraction light is divided into two-beam through beam splitter after secondary mirror reflection, described two-beam is imaging on First Line array detector and the second linear array detector respectively.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: adopt triple channel, every passage is furnished with integrating sphere separately, can improve the luminous energy entering beam splitting system.The structure of six pieces of linear array detectors, and spectral coverage divides according to existing linear array detector specification, can realize utilizing existing linear array detector to reach the requirement of high spectral resolution.Realize the solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring of broadband, high resolving power, the direct-reading of full spectrum transient state.Adopt the convex grating of high-diffraction efficiency, convex surface face type compensates the aberration produced in system, compare utilize plane grating cut Er Nitena system, can better suppress all kinds of aberration through optimizing, realizing object lens of large relative aperture, high s/n ratio system.Simple and reliable for structure, no-movable part.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction schematic diagram of existing TRUTHS solar spectrum irradiancy monitor in the works;
Fig. 2 is one-piece construction schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 existingly cuts Er Nitena system light splitting optical path structural representation;
Fig. 4 is the light splitting optical path cut-open view of single channel of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment one, composition graphs 2 and Fig. 4 illustrate present embodiment, a kind of broadband solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device, spliced side by side by triple channel and form, each passage, carry out light splitting to different spectral range, spectral range is first passage is respectively the primary spectrum of 400-800nm and the second order spectrum of 200-400nm; Second channel is the primary spectrum of 1200-2000nm and the second order spectrum of 600-1000nm; Third channel is the primary spectrum of 2000-2500nm and the second order spectrum of 1000-1250nm.In each passage, incident sunshine is by the slit outgoing on integrating sphere 1 surface after integrating sphere 1, and it is two-dimensional coordinate axle and the integrating sphere surface intersection point place of true origin that integrating sphere 1 entrance and entrance slit 2 lay respectively at the centre of sphere.Composition graphs 4, the light of entrance slit 1 outgoing is reflected into converging light through principal reflection mirror 9, its chief ray off-axis angle is 2 α, chief ray is with incident angle i directive convex grating 10, I and II diffraction is there is through convex grating 10, become the diverging light that different wave length angle of diffraction is different, diverging light is converged to picture through secondary mirror 11, centre wavelength light off-axis angle through secondary mirror 11 is 2 β, the light that secondary mirror 11 reflects is divided into two parts through beam splitter 6, respectively incident First Line array detector 7 and the also imaging of the second linear array detector 8.In said process, half off-axis angle α is generally 5 ° ~ 8 °, and incident angle i is generally-5 ° ~-12 °, and off-axis angle β is generally 10 ° ~ 18 °.
The effect of the integrating sphere 1 described in present embodiment is the light uniform making to enter integrating sphere, gets rid of the different and error that causes of angle of incidence of sunlight degree, calibrates for this solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device.The effect of entrance slit 2 limits the luminous flux size entered, its width determines the resolution of optical system, require that spectral resolution is 0.5nm at 200-1000nm, be 1nm at 1000-2500nm, existing linear array detector pixel width mainly contains 25 microns and 50 microns two kinds, according to sampling thheorem, then selectable slit width is 50 microns and 100 microns, again because be difficult to when slit width is 100 microns reach above-mentioned resolution, and spectrum face size is long, suitable linear array detector cannot be found to receive full spectrum, therefore the requirement of spectral resolution and the specification of existing linear array detector is considered, slit width is chosen as 50 microns.
The effect of the principal reflection mirror 9 described in present embodiment can coalescence reflex on convex grating 10 by the light beam entered by entrance slit 2, and the face type of principal reflection mirror 9 is concave spherical surface.The effect of described convex grating 10 is that the polychromatic light of incidence is divided into the sets of beams with different diffraction angle according to wavelength.Convex grating 10 can reduce aberration by optimizing radius-of-curvature, improves system spectrum resolution.Convex grating 10 selects ion beam etching convex grating, and present embodiment utilizes first-order diffraction and the second-order diffraction of light simultaneously, corresponds to three passages to be: first passage is the first-order diffraction of 400-800nm and the second-order diffraction of 200-400nm; Second channel is the first-order diffraction of 1200-2000nm and the second-order diffraction of 600-1000nm; Third channel is the first-order diffraction of 2000-2500nm and the second-order diffraction of 1000-1250nm.Its medium wavelength is that the first-order diffraction light-beam position that second-order diffraction light-beam position and the wavelength of λ is 2 λ overlaps, and the effect of described secondary mirror 11 is that the divergent beams group that will separate through convex grating 10 focuses on, and the face type of secondary mirror 11 is concave spherical surface.
Beam splitter 6 effect described in present embodiment is separated the primary spectrum of position coincidence and second order spectrum, and therefore point optical wavelength range of the beam splitter of three passages is chosen as the light reflection of the Transmission light 200-400nm of first passage 400-800nm; The light reflection of the Transmission light 600-1000nm of second channel 1200-2000nm; The light reflection of the Transmission light 1000-1250nm of third channel 2000-2500nm.First Line array detector 7 and the effect of the second linear array detector 8 are receiving spectrum images, and realize full spectrum direct-reading.Select CCD at 200-1000nm wave band, select InGaAs at 1000nm-2500nm wave band.Because entrance slit width is 50 microns, then pixel width is selected to be 25 microns according to sampling thheorem.
Embodiment two, present embodiment are the Application Example of a kind of broadband solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device described in embodiment one:
For 200nm-800nm channels designs solar spectrum irradiancy monitor, select 600 lines right/convex grating of millimeter, convex grating radius-of-curvature is 170.58mm, and principal reflection mirror concave curvature is 319.53mm, and secondary mirror concave curvature is 319.52mm.Half off-axis angle α is set as 6 °, and convex grating incident angle i is set to-11 °, and half off-axis angle β is set to 15.43 °.Slit width is set to 50 microns, and linear array detector is chosen for a of two pieces of shore pines and contains 2048 pixels, and pixel dimension is 25 μm × 2.5mm line array CCD.
The solar spectrum irradiancy monitor of above-mentioned design, can obtain spectral resolution at 400nm-800nm wave band is 0.49nm, obtaining spectral resolution at 200nm-400nm wave band is 0.25nm, and all band cutoff frequency place modulation transfer function of optical system is greater than 0.85, the maximum disc of confusion root mean square radii of all band is less than 1/6 of pixel width, and maximum Spectral line bend is 50ppm.
Changing half off-axis angle α in present embodiment is 8 °, and be 170.66mm through optimizing calculating acquisition convex grating radius-of-curvature, principal reflection mirror concave curvature is 319.61mm, and secondary mirror concave curvature is 319.54mm.Half off-axis angle β is 14.19 °.Now obtaining spectral resolution at 400nm-800nm wave band is 0.47nm, obtaining spectral resolution at 200nm-400nm wave band is 0.24nm, and all band cutoff frequency place modulation transfer function of optical system is greater than 0.7, the maximum disc of confusion root mean square radii of all band is less than 1/6 of pixel width, and maximum Spectral line bend is 50ppm.
Embodiment three, present embodiment are the Application Example of a kind of broadband solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device described in embodiment one:
For 600nm-1000nm and 1200nm-2000nm channels designs solar spectrum irradiancy monitor, select 300 lines right/convex grating of millimeter, convex grating radius-of-curvature is 169.21mm, and principal reflection mirror concave curvature is 312.80mm, and secondary mirror concave curvature is 313.73mm.Half off-axis angle α is set as 6 °, and grating incident angle i is set to-5 °, and half off-axis angle β is set to 14.76 °.The width of entrance slit is set to 50 microns, and linear array detector is chosen for a of Goodrich and contains 1024 pixels, and pixel dimension is that 50 μm × 2.5mm line array CCD and a of shore pine contain 2048 pixels, and pixel dimension is 25 μm × 2.5mm line array CCD.
The solar spectrum irradiancy monitor of above-mentioned design, can obtain spectral resolution at 1200nm-2000nm wave band is 0.95nm, obtaining spectral resolution at 600nm-1000nm wave band is 0.48nm, and all band cutoff frequency place modulation transfer function of optical system is greater than 0.7, close to diffraction limit.The maximum disc of confusion root mean square radii of all band is less than 1/8 of pixel width, far below diffraction limit.Maximum Spectral line bend is 1/1000.
Be-11 ° by the grating incident angle i changed in present embodiment, be 168.74mm through optimizing calculating acquisition convex grating radius-of-curvature, principal reflection mirror concave curvature is 305.27mm, and secondary mirror concave curvature is 314.85mm.Half off-axis angle β is 18.38 °.Now obtaining spectral resolution at 1200nm-2000nm wave band is 0.92nm, obtaining spectral resolution at 600nm-1000nm wave band is 0.46nm, and all band cutoff frequency place modulation transfer function of optical system is greater than 0.6, the maximum disc of confusion root mean square radii of all band is less than 1/6 of pixel width, and maximum Spectral line bend is 2/1000.
Be 15 ° by the half off-axis angle β changed in present embodiment, calculate that to obtain convex grating radius-of-curvature be 167.05mm through optimizing, principal reflection mirror concave curvature is 315.02mm, and secondary mirror concave curvature is 308.99mm.Grating incident angle i is-10.65 °.Now obtaining spectral resolution at 2000nm-2500nm wave band is 2nm, and obtaining spectral resolution at 1000nm-1250nm wave band is 1nm, and all band cutoff frequency place modulation transfer function of optical system is greater than 0.7, approximates diffraction limit.The maximum disc of confusion root mean square radii of all band is less than 1/25 of pixel width, and maximum Spectral line bend is 5/10000.
Embodiment four, present embodiment are the Application Example of a kind of broadband solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device described in embodiment one:
For 1000nm-1250nm and 2000nm-2500nm channels designs solar spectrum irradiancy monitor, select 150 lines right/convex grating of millimeter, convex grating radius-of-curvature is 175.23mm, and principal reflection mirror concave curvature is 318.81mm, and secondary mirror concave curvature is 318.82mm.Half off-axis angle α is set as 5.5 °, and grating incident angle i is set to-7 °, and half off-axis angle β is set to 13.31 °.Slit width is set to 50 microns, and linear array detector is chosen for a of XENICS and contains 512 pixels, and pixel dimension is that 25 μm × 0.5mm line array CCD and a of Andorra contain 512 pixels, and pixel dimension is 25 μm × 0.5mm line array CCD.
The solar spectrum irradiancy monitor of above-mentioned design, can obtain spectral resolution at 2000nm-2500nm wave band is 2nm, obtaining spectral resolution at 1000nm-1250nm wave band is 1nm, and all band cutoff frequency place modulation transfer function of optical system is close to 0.7, approximates diffraction limit.The maximum disc of confusion root mean square radii of all band is less than 1/12 of pixel width, far below diffraction limit.Maximum Spectral line bend is 2/10000.
Claims (1)
1. a broadband solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device, this device is that triple channel splices composition side by side, and each passage comprises, integrating sphere (1), entrance slit (2), principal reflection mirror (9), convex grating (10), secondary mirror (11), beam splitter (6), First Line array detector (7) and the second linear array detector (8), it is characterized in that, described integrating sphere (1) is placed in whole light path foremost, it is two-dimensional coordinate axle and integrating sphere (1) the surface intersection point place of true origin that integrating sphere (1) entrance and entrance slit (2) lay respectively at the centre of sphere, the light of entrance slit (2) outgoing becomes converging light through principal reflection mirror (9), described converging light is through convex grating (10) reflection generation one, second-order diffraction, diffraction light is divided into two-beam through beam splitter (6) after secondary mirror (11) reflection, described two-beam is respectively in First Line array detector (7) and the upper imaging of the second linear array detector (8), in first passage, First Line array detector and the second linear array detector are chosen for a of two pieces of shore pines and contain 2048 pixels, pixel dimension is 25 μm × 2.5mm line array CCD, in second channel, First Line array detector is chosen a of shore pine and is contained 2048 pixels, pixel dimension is 25 μm × 2.5mm line array CCD, and the second linear array detector is chosen for a of Goodrich and contains 1024 pixels, and pixel dimension is 50 μm × 2.5mm line array CCD, in third channel, First Line array detector is chosen for a of Andorra and contains 512 pixels, pixel dimension is 25 μm × 0.5mm line array CCD, and the second linear array detector is chosen for a of XENICS and contains 512 pixels, and pixel dimension is 25 μm × 0.5mm line array CCD.
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