CN103292905A - Broadband solar spectral irradiance monitoring device - Google Patents
Broadband solar spectral irradiance monitoring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103292905A CN103292905A CN2013102132034A CN201310213203A CN103292905A CN 103292905 A CN103292905 A CN 103292905A CN 2013102132034 A CN2013102132034 A CN 2013102132034A CN 201310213203 A CN201310213203 A CN 201310213203A CN 103292905 A CN103292905 A CN 103292905A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband solar spectral irradiance monitoring device, and relates to the field of solar spectral measurement, in particular to a space-based broadband solar spectral irradiance monitoring device for counterglow observation. The problems that an existing solar spectral irradiance monitoring device cannot utilize existing linear array detectors to achieve high spectral resolution and a Czerny-Turner system is large in aberration and low in spectral resolution under the conditions of a broad-spectrum range and large relative aperture are solved. An integral structure of the broadband solar spectral irradiance monitoring device is divided into three channels, and an integrating sphere, an entrance slit, a primary reflecting mirror, a convex grating, a secondary reflecting mirror, a beam splitter, a first linear array detector and a second linear array detector are arranged in each channel. The broadband solar spectral irradiance monitoring device has the advantages of simple structure, high stability, large spectral range, large relative aperture, high spectral resolution and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the spectral measurement field, be specifically related to a kind of broadband solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device.
Background technology
At present, the solar spectrum irradiancy monitor has the SOLSPEC instrument series of NASA space shuttle, the SORCE task of the U.S., and the pertinent instruments of the TRUTHS of the CLARREO project of the U.S. of studying and European Space Agency plan.Immediate with the design is the pertinent instruments of the TRUTHS plan of European Space Agency, its structure mainly is made up of integrating sphere 1, entrance slit 2, sphere collimating mirror 3, plane grating 4, spherical surface focusing catoptron 5, beam splitter 6 and first linear array detector 7, second linear array detector 8 as shown in Figure 1.Integrating sphere 1 entrance and two entrance slits 2 lay respectively at 3-D walls and floor and the integrating sphere 1 intersection point place centered by integrating sphere 1.Light is by integrating sphere 1 entrance incident, through 2 outgoing of two entrance slits, and all band is divided into binary channels carries out light splitting.At each passage, all adopt the Er Nitena system of cutting, the light that is entrance slit 2 outgoing is directional light through 3 outgoing of sphere collimating mirror, produce chromatic dispersion through plane grating 4 I and II diffraction, through spherical surface focusing catoptron 5 it is converged to picture again, beam splitter 6 is divided into two parts according to wavelength with light beam, and first linear array detector 7, second linear array detector 8 lay respectively at the image planes position of two parts light.
In the said system, two channel spectrum scopes are respectively 200-800nm and 650-2500nm.Four linear array detector investigative ranges of corresponding two passages are respectively 200-400nm, 400-800nm, 650-1300nm, 1300-2500nm.Spectral resolution is 0.5nm at the 200-1000nm wave band, is 1nm at the 1000-2500nm wave band.If divide according to above-mentioned wave band, then the 1300-2500nm wave band will reach the spectral resolution requirement of 1nm, then need a linear array detector that comprises 1200 pixel numbers at least, and in this spectral range, what linear array detector can reach at present only is 512 pixel numbers.
In addition, in cutting the Er Nitena system, because the influence of aberration, wide spectral range and high spectral resolution are difficult to obtain simultaneously under the object lens of large relative aperture condition.When this system applies when solar spectrum irradiancy is monitored, because solar spectrum wide ranges, under the condition of determining linear dispersion, the increase relative aperture can increase the every aberration based on the spherical aberration coma, cause spectral resolution to descend, and influence energy distribution on the image planes, and then the accuracy of solar spectrum irradiancy is measured in influence.
Therefore, how to utilize existing linear array detector to guarantee spectral resolution and how under the object lens of large relative aperture condition, to coordinate wide spectral range and high spectral resolution is to need the problem that solves during solar spectrum irradiancy is measured.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve existing solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device, can't utilize existing linear array detector to realize the problem of target optical spectrum resolution, and cut the Er Nitena system in wide spectral range under the object lens of large relative aperture condition, the problem that aberration is serious, spectral resolution is low the invention provides a kind of solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device.
A kind of broadband solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device, this device splices composition side by side for triple channel, and each passage comprises; Integrating sphere, entrance slit, principal reflection mirror, convex grating, secondary mirror, beam splitter, first linear array detector and second linear array detector, integrating sphere places whole optical path foremost, it is two-dimensional coordinate axle and the intersection point place, integrating sphere surface of true origin that integrating sphere entrance and entrance slit lay respectively at the centre of sphere, the light of entrance slit outgoing becomes converging light through principal reflection mirror, reflection takes place one through convex grating in described converging light, second-order diffraction, diffraction light is divided into two-beam through beam splitter after the secondary mirror reflection, described two-beam is imaging on first linear array detector and second linear array detector respectively.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: adopt triple channel, every passage is furnished with integrating sphere separately, can improve the luminous energy that enters beam splitting system.The structure of six linear array detectors, and spectral coverage can realize utilizing existing linear array detector to reach the requirement of high spectral resolution according to existing linear array detector specification division.Realize broadband, high resolving power, compose the solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring of transient state direct-reading entirely.Adopt the convex grating of high-diffraction efficiency, convex surface face type compensates the aberration that produces in the system, compares the Er Nitena system of cutting that utilizes plane grating, can better suppress all kinds of aberrations through optimizing, and realizes object lens of large relative aperture, the high s/n ratio system.Simple and reliable for structure, no-movable part.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is for having the TRUTHS one-piece construction synoptic diagram of solar spectrum irradiancy monitor in the works now;
Fig. 2 is one-piece construction synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the existing Er Nitena system light splitting light channel structure synoptic diagram of cutting;
Fig. 4 is the light splitting light path cut-open view of the single passage of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment one, in conjunction with Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 present embodiment is described, a kind of broadband solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device, spliced side by side by triple channel and to form, each passage, different spectral ranges are carried out light splitting, and spectral range is respectively that first passage is the primary spectrum of 400-800nm and the second order spectrum of 200-400nm; Second channel is the primary spectrum of 1200-2000nm and the second order spectrum of 600-1000nm; Third channel is the primary spectrum of 2000-2500nm and the second order spectrum of 1000-1250nm.In each passage, the sunshine of incident is through the slit outgoing of integrating sphere 1 back by integrating sphere 1 surface, and it is two-dimensional coordinate axle and the intersection point place, integrating sphere surface of true origin that integrating sphere 1 entrance and entrance slit 2 lay respectively at the centre of sphere.In conjunction with Fig. 4, the light of entrance slit 1 outgoing is reflected into converging light through principal reflection mirror 9, its chief ray off-axis angle is 2 α, chief ray is with incident angle i directive convex grating 10, the I and II diffraction takes place through convex grating 10, become the different diverging light of different wave length angle of diffraction, diverging light is converged to picture through secondary mirror 11 with it, centre wavelength light off-axis angle through secondary mirror 11 is 2 β, the light of secondary mirror 11 reflections is divided into two parts through beam splitter 6, respectively incident first linear array detector 7 and second linear array detector 8 and the imaging.In the said process, half off-axis angle α is generally 5 °～8 °, and incident angle i is generally-5 °～-12 °, and off-axis angle β is generally 10 °～18 °.
The effect of the described integrating sphere 1 of present embodiment is to make the even outgoing of the light that enters integrating sphere, and it is different and the error that causes is used for this solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device calibration to get rid of the angle of incidence of sunlight degree.The effect of entrance slit 2 is luminous flux sizes that restriction enters, its width determines the resolution of optical system, requiring spectral resolution is 0.5nm at 200-1000nm, be 1nm at 1000-2500nm, existing linear array detector pixel width mainly contains 25 microns and 50 microns two kinds, according to sampling thheorem, then selectable slit width is 50 microns and 100 microns, again because when slit width is 100 microns, be difficult to reach above-mentioned resolution, and spectrum face size is long, can't find suitable linear array detector to receive full spectrum, therefore take all factors into consideration the requirement of spectral resolution and the specification of existing linear array detector, slit width is chosen as 50 microns.
The effect of the described principal reflection mirror 9 of present embodiment is that the light beam that will enter by entrance slit 2 is assembled and reflexed on the convex grating 10, and the face type of principal reflection mirror 9 is concave spherical surface.The effect of described convex grating 10 is that the polychromatic light with incident is divided into the sets of beams with different diffraction angle according to wavelength.Convex grating 10 can reduce aberration by optimizing radius-of-curvature, improves system spectrum resolution.Convex grating 10 is selected the ion beam etching convex grating for use, and present embodiment is utilized first-order diffraction and the second-order diffraction of light simultaneously, corresponds to three passages to be: first passage is the first-order diffraction of 400-800nm and the second-order diffraction of 200-400nm; Second channel is the first-order diffraction of 1200-2000nm and the second-order diffraction of 600-1000nm; Third channel is the first-order diffraction of 2000-2500nm and the second-order diffraction of 1000-1250nm.Its medium wavelength is that second-order diffraction light-beam position and the wavelength of λ is that the first-order diffraction light-beam position of 2 λ overlaps, and the effect of described secondary mirror 11 is to focus on through the divergent beams group that convex grating 10 is told, and the face type of secondary mirror 11 is concave spherical surface.
Described beam splitter 6 effects of present embodiment are that primary spectrum and second order spectrum that the position overlaps are separated, and therefore the branch optical wavelength range of the beam splitter of three passages is chosen as the light reflection of the light transmission 200-400nm of first passage 400-800nm; The light reflection of the light transmission 600-1000nm of second channel 1200-2000nm; The light reflection of the light transmission 1000-1250nm of third channel 2000-2500nm.First linear array detector 7 and 8 effects of second linear array detector are receiving spectrum images, and realize full spectrum direct-reading.Select CCD for use at the 200-1000nm wave band, select InGaAs for use at the 1000nm-2500nm wave band.Because entrance slit width is 50 microns, then selecting the pixel width for use according to sampling thheorem is 25 microns.
Embodiment two, present embodiment are the Application Example of embodiment one described a kind of broadband solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device:
At 200nm-800nm channels designs solar spectrum irradiancy monitor, select 600 lines right/millimeter convex grating, the convex grating radius-of-curvature is 170.58mm, the principal reflection mirror concave curvature is 319.53mm, the secondary mirror concave curvature is 319.52mm.Half off-axis angle α is set at 6 °, and convex grating incident angle i is made as-11 °, and half off-axis angle β is made as 15.43 °.Slit width is made as 50 microns, and linear array detector is chosen for a 2048 pixels that contain of two shore pines, and pixel dimension is 25 μ m * 2.5mm line array CCD.
The solar spectrum irradiancy monitor of above-mentioned design, can obtain spectral resolution at the 400nm-800nm wave band is 0.49nm, obtaining spectral resolution at the 200nm-400nm wave band is 0.25nm, and all band cutoff frequency place modulation transfer function of optical system is greater than 0.85, the maximum disc of confusion root mean square of all band radius is less than 1/6 of pixel width, and maximum spectral line is bent into 50ppm.
Changing half off-axis angle α in the present embodiment is 8 °, is 170.66mm through optimizing calculating acquisition convex grating radius-of-curvature, and the principal reflection mirror concave curvature is 319.61mm, and the secondary mirror concave curvature is 319.54mm.Half off-axis angle β is 14.19 °.Obtain spectral resolution at the 400nm-800nm wave band this moment is 0.47nm, obtaining spectral resolution at the 200nm-400nm wave band is 0.24nm, and all band cutoff frequency place modulation transfer function of optical system is greater than 0.7, the maximum disc of confusion root mean square of all band radius is less than 1/6 of pixel width, and maximum spectral line is bent into 50ppm.
Embodiment three, present embodiment are the Application Example of embodiment one described a kind of broadband solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device:
At 600nm-1000nm and 1200nm-2000nm channels designs solar spectrum irradiancy monitor, select 300 lines right/millimeter convex grating, the convex grating radius-of-curvature is 169.21mm, and the principal reflection mirror concave curvature is 312.80mm, and the secondary mirror concave curvature is 313.73mm.Half off-axis angle α is set at 6 °, and grating incident angle i is made as-5 °, and half off-axis angle β is made as 14.76 °.The width of entrance slit is made as 50 microns, and linear array detector is chosen for a 1024 pixels that contain of Goodrich, and pixel dimension is a 2048 pixels that contain of 50 μ m * 2.5mm line array CCD and shore pine, and pixel dimension is 25 μ m * 2.5mm line array CCD.
The solar spectrum irradiancy monitor of above-mentioned design, can obtain spectral resolution at the 1200nm-2000nm wave band is 0.95nm, obtaining spectral resolution at the 600nm-1000nm wave band is 0.48nm, and all band cutoff frequency place modulation transfer function of optical system is greater than 0.7, near diffraction limit.The maximum disc of confusion root mean square of all band radius is less than 1/8 of pixel width, far below diffraction limit.Maximum spectral line is bent into 1/1000.
Be-11 ° by the grating incident angle i that changes in the present embodiment, to calculate acquisition convex grating radius-of-curvature be 168.74mm through optimizing, and the principal reflection mirror concave curvature is 305.27mm, and the secondary mirror concave curvature is 314.85mm.Half off-axis angle β is 18.38 °.Obtain spectral resolution at the 1200nm-2000nm wave band this moment is 0.92nm, obtaining spectral resolution at the 600nm-1000nm wave band is 0.46nm, and all band cutoff frequency place modulation transfer function of optical system is greater than 0.6, the maximum disc of confusion root mean square of all band radius is less than 1/6 of pixel width, and maximum spectral line is bent into 2/1000.
Be 15 ° by the half off-axis angle β that changes in the present embodiment, calculate through optimizing that to obtain the convex grating radius-of-curvature be 167.05mm, the principal reflection mirror concave curvature is 315.02mm, and the secondary mirror concave curvature is 308.99mm.Grating incident angle i is-10.65 °.Obtain spectral resolution at the 2000nm-2500nm wave band this moment is 2nm, and obtaining spectral resolution at the 1000nm-1250nm wave band is 1nm, and all band cutoff frequency place modulation transfer function of optical system approximates diffraction limit greater than 0.7.The maximum disc of confusion root mean square of all band radius is less than 1/25 of pixel width, and maximum spectral line is bent into 5/10000.
Embodiment four, present embodiment are the Application Example of embodiment one described a kind of broadband solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device:
At 1000nm-1250nm and 2000nm-2500nm channels designs solar spectrum irradiancy monitor, select 150 lines right/millimeter convex grating, the convex grating radius-of-curvature is 175.23mm, and the principal reflection mirror concave curvature is 318.81mm, and the secondary mirror concave curvature is 318.82mm.Half off-axis angle α is set at 5.5 °, and grating incident angle i is made as-7 °, and half off-axis angle β is made as 13.31 °.Slit width is made as 50 microns, and linear array detector is chosen for a 512 pixels that contain of XENICS, and pixel dimension is a 512 pixels that contain of 25 μ m * 0.5mm line array CCD and Andorra, and pixel dimension is 25 μ m * 0.5mm line array CCD.
The solar spectrum irradiancy monitor of above-mentioned design, can obtain spectral resolution at the 2000nm-2500nm wave band is 2nm, obtaining spectral resolution at the 1000nm-1250nm wave band is 1nm, and all band cutoff frequency place modulation transfer function of optical system approximates diffraction limit near 0.7.The maximum disc of confusion root mean square of all band radius is less than 1/12 of pixel width, far below diffraction limit.Maximum spectral line is bent into 2/10000.
Claims (2)
1. broadband solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device, this device splices composition side by side for triple channel, and each passage comprises; Integrating sphere (1), entrance slit (2), principal reflection mirror (9), convex grating (10), secondary mirror (11), beam splitter (6), first linear array detector (7) and second linear array detector (8), it is characterized in that, described integrating sphere (1) places whole optical path foremost, it is two-dimensional coordinate axle and the surperficial intersection point of integrating sphere (1) place of true origin that integrating sphere (1) entrance and entrance slit (2) lay respectively at the centre of sphere, the light of entrance slit (2) outgoing becomes converging light through principal reflection mirror (9), reflection takes place one through convex grating (10) in described converging light, second-order diffraction, diffraction light is divided into two-beam through beam splitter (6) after secondary mirror (11) reflection, described two-beam is gone up imaging at first linear array detector (7) and second linear array detector (8) respectively.
2. according to described a kind of broadband solar spectrum irradiancy monitoring device of claim 1, it is characterized in that the radius-of-curvature of described convex grating (10) is obtained by formula one:
Formula one, △ λ=h/mnR
In the formula, m is that the order of diffraction is inferior, and h is the detector pixel dimension, and n is grating line density, and Δ λ is spectral resolution, and R is the convex grating radius-of-curvature.
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| CN106441559A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-02-22 | 山东大学 | Side sheltered solar halo photometer |
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| CN106441559A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-02-22 | 山东大学 | Side sheltered solar halo photometer |
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