CN103274837A - 一种腊梅多元有机复合肥 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及了一种腊梅多元有机复合肥，其特征在于，它由如下重量份数的原料制备得到：钼酸铵45-55份、瑞香狼毒1-15份、啤酒花5-10份、花椒25-30份、银杏种皮25-30份、蛇床子26-30份等。防除农田杂草和广谱的杀菌特性，与现有技术相比，本发明的剂型具有除草效果好，对环境安全，杂草不易产生抗药性等特点，应用前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无公害肥料技术领域，涉及一种腊梅多元有机复合肥。
背景技术
腊梅属腊梅科腊梅属的落叶灌木,枝干挺直，皮色黄褐，株高可达3m，株丛丰满，给人以粗犷敦实之感。叶子对生，椭圆状卵形至卵状披针形；表面粗糙有毛，质地硬脆，因而栽植宜布置在避风处，免得受强风摇曳磨擦，造成叶面发生暗褐色的斑纹和损伤。花蕾着生在一年生枝的叶腋里，外部覆盖层层鳞片；萼片与花瓣通常不容易区分；花瓣外轮大，颜色蜡黄，内轮瓣短小，色淡黄，并在花瓣中下部有紫褐色的条纹。花梗很短，因而花朵像紧贴在枝条上。12月初至翌年2～3月开放，花期较长。花后偶而结果；花托增大似坛形，内含种子(小瘦果)1粒，椭圆形，栗褐色，表面平滑有光泽。
腊梅系我国特产花木,喜阳光、耐荫、耐寒、但怕寒风，故在北方不能露地过冬。耐旱力特强，怕积水，土壤以排水良好的中性土壤为宜。腊梅除用作园林配景外，也是冬季室内理想的插花，又是盆栽或制作盆景的好材料。此外鲜花还可提取芳香油;腊梅花浸膏在市场很受欢迎，其花、根、茎的干制品都是中药材，能治咳止喘等。目前，关于腊梅的目前现有技术的肥料只具有肥料的营养功能，不具有杀灭植物害虫的作用。市场急需一种有利于环境保护，能有效杀菌，除草，并能适合大生产的植物无公害杀菌除草复混肥。
发明内容
一种腊梅多元有机复合肥， 它由如下重量份数的原料制备得到：农业废弃物80~100份；瑞香狼毒1-15份、啤酒花5-10份、花椒25-30份、银杏种皮25-30份、蛇床子26-30份、苦楝皮17-30份、使君子16-25份、五倍子1-15份、毛冬青5-15份、苦参碱5-10份、无患子外种皮55-60份、钼酸铵45-55份、碳铵35-45份、磷酸二铵20-30份、氯化钾5-10份、硫酸锌１－２份、硼酸１－２份、麦饭石粉25-30份、钙石粉5-10份，膨润土20-25份、硫脲 ５－15份、硅藻土10-20份、磷矿粉10-20份、腐植酸钠5-15份。
它制备包括如下步骤：将上述农业废弃物堆成梯形堆，自顶部往下打孔，每平方米孔数10～15个，物料表面用麻袋或草帘覆盖，开始进行有氧发酵，待堆温升至50℃开始计时，发酵5～7天；当料堆温度开始下降时进行翻堆，再发酵5～7天，以后每5～7天翻堆一次，共发酵35～45天，发酵过程完成；将上述发酵好的腐熟有机物水分含量烘或晾至25～35％（wt）；
(2)将发酵菌剂发酵液l～5份加入到95～99份腐熟有机物中，调节水分含量60～70％（wt），pH 6.5～7.5，充分混匀，堆成高0.4—0.6米的长条形料堆，覆盖麻袋或草帘，控制料堆的温度25～30℃，每天翻堆一次，共发酵培养5～8天，待其长满孢子后停止,晾至水分含量20～22％（wt），然后按照质量百分比添加5％-10％的蘑菇渣、6％-10％秸秆灰和600-1000g/T丛枝菌根菌剂得到生物有机肥；
（3）取瑞香狼毒、啤酒花、花椒、银杏种皮、蛇床子、苦楝皮、使君子、五倍子、毛冬青、苦参碱、无患子外种皮按照所述重量份数，每次加药材总量30倍量的70％乙醇回流，回流两次，每次3小时，合并醇提液，经（0.08Mpa、60℃）减压浓缩至65℃时相对密度为1.6的浸膏，喷雾干燥，得干浸膏粉；将得到的浸膏分散于蒸馏水中按上述配方添加钼酸铵、碳铵、磷酸二铵、氯化钾、硫酸锌、硼酸、麦饭石粉、钙石粉、膨润土、硫脲、硅藻土、磷矿粉、腐植酸钠得到无机肥；
（4）将步骤（2）中的生物有机肥与步骤（3）中无机肥按照质量比为3-4:1-2的比例混匀即得到多元复合肥。
所述的农业废弃物包括秸秆、糠麸、稻壳、枯饼、豆粕、木粉、果皮、杂草, 发酵菌剂为枯草芽孢杆菌2-4份、弗兰克氏菌1-3份、链霉菌3-5份、制霉菌素2-4份的混合物。
所述的菌种均为商业市售菌种，通过常规商业渠道均可购买。
技术效果：
1、采用了适合腊梅扦插繁殖的肥料配方，从而克服了移栽成活率低的缺点，为大面积栽培以及应用创造了条件，并且利用本发明得到的苗根系发达，而且长势好，速度快，成活率高；
2、本发明的肥料配方为多元生物有机、中药组分，无公害、低残留，满足了该作物的正常生长需求，创造了市场价值。
3、本发明的钼元素的多元复合肥可用于播后苗前土壤处理，防除农田杂草和广谱的杀菌特性。与现有技术相比，本发明的特有配方剂型具有除草效果好，对环境安全，杂草不易产生抗药性等特点，应用前景广阔。
4、本发明杀菌除草剂对人畜比较安全对眼睛、皮肤无刺激性，经日皮试验证明其急性毒性为低毒，在大气和土壤中易分解，无毒物残留；本发明杀菌除草剂对农田天敌影响小，有助于保持生态环境，对环境更友好，满足作物的生产要求；第二主族元素钼，不但对作物生长有促进作用，而且对土壤中的有害菌有杀灭作用，有效防治土传病害。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明，但应该理解本发明并不于以下实施例。
实施例1：
一种腊梅多元有机复合肥， 它由如下重量份数的原料制备得到：农业废弃物80~100份；瑞香狼毒1-15份、啤酒花5-10份、花椒25-30份、银杏种皮25-30份、蛇床子26-30份、苦楝皮17-30份、使君子16-25份、五倍子1-15份、毛冬青5-15份、苦参碱5-10份、无患子外种皮55-60份、钼酸铵45-55份、碳铵35-45份、磷酸二铵20-30份、氯化钾5-10份、硫酸锌１－２份、硼酸１－２份、麦饭石粉25-30份、钙石粉5-10份，膨润土20-25份、硫脲 ５－15份、硅藻土10-20份、磷矿粉10-20份、腐植酸钠5-15份。
它制备包括如下步骤：将上述农业废弃物堆成梯形堆，自顶部往下打孔，每平方米孔数10～15个，物料表面用麻袋或草帘覆盖，开始进行有氧发酵，待堆温升至50℃开始计时，发酵5～7天；当料堆温度开始下降时进行翻堆，再发酵5～7天，以后每5～7天翻堆一次，共发酵35～45天，发酵过程完成；将上述发酵好的腐熟有机物水分含量烘或晾至25～35％（wt）；
(2)将发酵菌剂发酵液l～5份加入到95～99份腐熟有机物中，调节水分含量60～70％（wt），pH 6.5～7.5，充分混匀，堆成高0.4—0.6米的长条形料堆，覆盖麻袋或草帘，控制料堆的温度25～30℃，每天翻堆一次，共发酵培养5～8天，待其长满孢子后停止,晾至水分含量20～22％（wt），然后按照质量百分比添加5％-10％的蘑菇渣、6％-10％秸秆灰和600-1000g/T丛枝菌根菌剂得到生物有机肥；
（3）取瑞香狼毒、啤酒花、花椒、银杏种皮、蛇床子、苦楝皮、使君子、五倍子、毛冬青、苦参碱、无患子外种皮按照所述重量份数，每次加药材总量30倍量的70％乙醇回流，回流两次，每次3小时，合并醇提液，经（0.08Mpa、60℃）减压浓缩至65℃时相对密度为1.6的浸膏，喷雾干燥，得干浸膏粉；将得到的浸膏分散于蒸馏水中按上述配方添加钼酸铵、碳铵、磷酸二铵、氯化钾、硫酸锌、硼酸、麦饭石粉、钙石粉、膨润土、硫脲、硅藻土、磷矿粉、腐植酸钠得到无机肥；
（4）将步骤（2）中的生物有机肥与步骤（3）中无机肥按照质量比为3-4:1-2的比例混匀即得到多元复合肥。
所述的农业废弃物包括秸秆、糠麸、稻壳、枯饼、豆粕、木粉、果皮、杂草, 发酵菌剂为枯草芽孢杆菌2-4份、弗兰克氏菌1-3份、链霉菌3-5份、制霉菌素2-4份的混合物。采用本发明的技术，合适的肥料营养配比，使嫁接成活率达到95%，大幅度提高了腊梅的繁殖效率；移栽到大田后移栽成活率达到了95%，病虫害发生率减小21%，土壤有机质含量增加11%。
Claims (3)
1.一种腊梅多元有机复合肥，其特征在于，它由如下重量份数的原料制备得到：农业废弃物80~100份；瑞香狼毒1-15份、啤酒花5-10份、花椒25-30份、银杏种皮25-30份、蛇床子26-30份、苦楝皮17-30份、使君子16-25份、五倍子1-15份、毛冬青5-15份、苦参碱5-10份、无患子外种皮55-60份、钼酸铵45-55份、碳铵35-45份、磷酸二铵20-30份、氯化钾5-10份、硫酸锌１－２份、硼酸１－２份、麦饭石粉25-30份、钙石粉5-10份，膨润土20-25份、硫脲 ５－15份、硅藻土10-20份、磷矿粉10-20份、腐植酸钠5-15份。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种腊梅多元有机复合肥，其特征在于，它制备包括如下步骤：将上述农业废弃物堆成梯形堆，自顶部往下打孔，每平方米孔数10～15个，物料表面用麻袋或草帘覆盖，开始进行有氧发酵，待堆温升至50℃开始计时，发酵5～7天；当料堆温度开始下降时进行翻堆，再发酵5～7天，以后每5～7天翻堆一次，共发酵35～45天，发酵过程完成；将上述发酵好的腐熟有机物水分含量烘或晾至25～35％（wt）；
(2)将发酵菌剂发酵液l～5份加入到95～99份腐熟有机物中，调节水分含量60～70％（wt），pH 6.5～7.5，充分混匀，堆成高0.4—0.6米的长条形料堆，覆盖麻袋或草帘，控制料堆的温度25～30℃，每天翻堆一次，共发酵培养5～8天，待其长满孢子后停止,晾至水分含量20～22％（wt），然后按照质量百分比添加5％-10％的蘑菇渣、6％-10％秸秆灰和600-1000g/T丛枝菌根菌剂得到生物有机肥；
（3）取瑞香狼毒、啤酒花、花椒、银杏种皮、蛇床子、苦楝皮、使君子、五倍子、毛冬青、苦参碱、无患子外种皮按照所述重量份数，每次加药材总量30倍量的70％乙醇回流，回流两次，每次3小时，合并醇提液，经（0.08Mpa、60℃）减压浓缩至65℃时相对密度为1.6的浸膏，喷雾干燥，得干浸膏粉；将得到的浸膏分散于蒸馏水中按上述配方添加钼酸铵、碳铵、磷酸二铵、氯化钾、硫酸锌、硼酸、麦饭石粉、钙石粉、膨润土、硫脲、硅藻土、磷矿粉、腐植酸钠得到无机肥；
（4）将步骤（2）中的生物有机肥与步骤（3）中无机肥按照质量比为3-4:1-2的比例混匀即得到多元复合肥。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多元复合肥，其特征在于：所述的农业废弃物包括秸秆、糠麸、稻壳、枯饼、豆粕、木粉、果皮、杂草, 发酵菌剂为枯草芽孢杆菌2-4份、弗兰克氏菌1-3份、链霉菌3-5份、制霉菌素2-4份的混合物。
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