CN103274486A - Seawater desalting device - Google Patents
Seawater desalting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103274486A CN103274486A CN2013102078788A CN201310207878A CN103274486A CN 103274486 A CN103274486 A CN 103274486A CN 2013102078788 A CN2013102078788 A CN 2013102078788A CN 201310207878 A CN201310207878 A CN 201310207878A CN 103274486 A CN103274486 A CN 103274486A
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- seawater
- water
- evaporative condenser
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- fresh water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/141—Wind power
Abstract
The invention discloses a seawater desalting device. The seawater desalting device comprises a seawater storing device, an evaporation condensation room and a fresh water storing device, wherein the seawater storing device is connected with the evaporation condensation room through a seawater pipe; the evaporation condensation room is connected with the fresh water storing device through a fresh water pipe; the evaporation condensation room is internally provided with a semiconductor chilling plate; the energy of the semiconductor chilling plate is supplied by an energy supplying device; and the seawater storing device is provided with a normal-pressure keeping opening. The seawater desalting device disclosed by the invention is small in volume, light in weight and high in efficiency; the seawater desalting device can be continuously and automatically operated so that the seawater desalting device is particularly suitable for coastal regions with sufficient wind power resources and solar energy, and other external energy sources are not needed, namely a water lacking problem of parts of islands can be solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of sea water desalting technology, relate in particular to a kind of sea water desalinating plant.
Background technology
Fresh water is the indispensable base substance that the mankind depend on for existence and produce.The water total reserves in the whole world is 13.88 hundred million km
3, the seawater amount has accounted for wherein more than 97%, because the seawater saltness is higher, thereby the mankind can not directly drink it, and the total amount of remaining fresh water amount accounts for 2.53% of total moisture storage capacity on the earth.Moreover, even in the fresh water of this small proportion like this, its distribution is extremely unbalanced again, wherein 98.8% fresh water is frozen among the glacier of two polar regions, north and south of the earth and severe cold areas, can be for 0.36% of fresh water total amount on the human not enough earth of fresh water that directly utilizes and be present in river, lake and underground water etc.China's seashore line length, all there are serious shortage of fresh water problem in a lot of island, coastal and landlocked brackish water area.Therefore, the development desalination technology to alleviate current shortage of fresh water, the imbalance between supply and demand distinct issues have far-reaching strategic importance.
Sea water desaltination is exactly that the salinity in the seawater (or brackish water) is separated with moisture, finally obtains the process of fresh water and concentrated salt solution.The most frequently used method of seawater (or brackish water) desalination mainly contains multistage flash evaporation method, multiple-effect distillation, reverse osmosis method, extraction process and electroosmose process.
Multistage flash evaporation (MSF) technology is to introduce flashing chamber after raw material seawater is heated to certain temperature, because the pressure in the flashing chamber is lower than raw material seawater corresponding saturated vapour pressure under this temperature, thereby raw material seawater became hot solution after entering flashing chamber, part is crossed hot sea water and is evaporated rapidly, the temperature of raw material seawater self reduces, and the vapor condensation that produces discharges latent heat and comes the interior circulating seawer of preheating prolong at the corresponding levels.
Multi-effect distilling (MED) is that the seawater that will be heated to working temperature sprays falling liquid film outside the heat transfer tube in first single-effect evaporator equably, in heat transfer tube, feed a certain amount of thermal source steam then, the heat of condensation that utilization is emitted makes the outer seawater of pipe be subjected to thermal evaporation to produce secondary steam, the secondary steam conduct is the thermal source steam of 1st effective evaporator down, similarly process is all taking place in each single-effect evaporator later on, thereby obtained being multiple times than the fresh water amount of steam input, apparatus structure more complicated and huge.
Reverse osmosis method is to utilize reverse osmosis membrane that seawater and fresh water are separated, and applies enough big pressure (surpassing penetration of sea water presses) in the seawater side, and dilute side is arrived in the water molecules reverse osmosis in the seawater.This method does not consume heat energy, produces enough big external pressure but need to consume a large amount of electric power, and device volume is huger.
Electroosmose process is power with the potential difference, utilizes the selective permeation of ion-exchange membrane and removes the desalination process of water intermediate ion.Electroosmose process is not used in brackish water desalination, mainly for the production of high purity water.
Cold method is that seawater is freezing to below freezing, and fresh water freezes, separates, melts is the process of fresh water.Cold method is because refrigeration temperature is low, and energy consuming ratio is bigger.
Publication number is that the Chinese patent of CN201190113 discloses a kind of sea water desalinating plant, comprise sea water tank, condensing chamber and fresh-water tank, described sea water tank and condensing chamber are adjacent, and the top of sea water tank communicates with condensing chamber, and fresh-water tank is positioned at the condensing chamber bottom and is interconnected.Wherein, be provided with semiconductor chilling plate between described sea water tank and the condensing chamber, the refrigeration end of this semiconductor chilling plate is arranged in the condensing chamber, and the end that heats of semiconductor chilling plate is arranged in the sea water tank.This apparatus structure is simple, under equal power input, and comparable simple electrically heated output more heat.But this device only carries out the fresh water condensation with the refrigeration end of semiconductor chilling plate, and what its refrigerating duty was not sufficient to the balanced system hot junction always adds heat, finally can cause whole device temperature inside persistently overheating, damages semiconductor chilling plate.Therefore, this device is used for using under the extreme case manpower to carry out short period of time and a spot of sea water desaltination only, can not realize providing continuously the function of fresh water.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of sea water desalinating plant, volume is little, quality is light, and the fresh water that can satisfy lack of water island or average family is without interruption.
A kind of sea water desalinating plant comprises seawater storage, evaporative condenser chamber and fresh water storage, and the seawater storage links to each other by the seawater pipe with the evaporative condenser chamber, and the evaporative condenser chamber links to each other by fresh water pipe with the fresh water storage;
The indoor semiconductor chilling plate that is provided with of described evaporative condenser, described semiconductor chilling plate provides energy by power supply device;
Described seawater storage is provided with normal pressure and keeps mouth.
Described evaporative condenser chamber interior is provided with evaporator tank, and the space is received for the dense water capacity in evaporator tank below, has between evaporator tank and the evaporative condenser chamber interior walls to lead to the dense water capacity and receive the overflow ducts in space;
Be provided with described semiconductor chilling plate in the evaporator tank, the sidewall of evaporator tank is provided with the water-in that is communicated with the seawater pipe.
The sidewall of evaporative condenser chamber can also be directly as the sidewall of evaporator tank, raw material seawater rests in the evaporator tank after water-in is come in, or will originally rest in the evaporator tank, the seawater after evaporation process (dense water) is toward pushing away away from the water-in direction, receive the space so that dense water flows to the dense water capacity by overflow ducts, thereby make the seawater in the evaporator tank maintain low concentration.
At least one section of described seawater pipe receive the heat exchanging segment in space for stretching into the described dense water capacity.It is used for the raw material seawater that will come out from the seawater storage by carrying out heat exchange with the indoor dense water of evaporative condenser, realizes preheating of raw material seawater, saves the heat that adds to it.
Described heat exchanging segment is coil pipe, and it is coiled in the indoor dense water capacity of described evaporative condenser and receives in the space, and described coil pipe is copper product, and bore is about 6-20mm.
The top of described evaporative condenser chamber is cone, and the inwall of cone is the condensate water guide face.After vapor evaporated is run into the condensate water guide face in the evaporator tank, can be under the wall flow of cone.The top exterior walls of described evaporative condenser chamber, namely the cone outer wall is provided with the outer wall radiating fin.This outer wall radiating fin is to carry out heat exchange for the water vapour at top, evaporative condenser chamber and the raw material seawater in the seawater storage, accelerates water vapour in the condensation of cone inwall.
In addition, as preferably, the inwall that pastes described evaporative condenser chamber is wound with spiral water of condensation holding groove, and this water of condensation holding groove is in the top of evaporator tank;
One end of fresh water pipe docks with the condensation-water drain of water of condensation holding groove, and the other end of fresh water pipe links to each other with the fresh water storage.
The condensation-water drain of described water of condensation holding groove is in more than the groove face top 1cm of evaporator tank, prevents that dense water is splashed into fresh water pipe when overflowing from evaporator tank.
The face that heats of described semiconductor chilling plate and chill surface correspondingly are equipped with hot side radiating fin and huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) fin.The hot side radiating fin is for the raw material seawater in the heating evaporation groove, and the huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) fin is the water vapour that is evaporated above semiconductor chilling plate for the cooling ascension.
It is the opening for feed of described seawater storage that described normal pressure keeps mouth, and this normal pressure keeps mouth can also keep the pressure in the seawater storage to be always normal atmosphere for the seawater storage provides seawater.
The top of described evaporative condenser chamber is embedded in described seawater storage inside.The water vapour of the indoor evaporation of evaporative condenser on the wall of vaporizer-condenser with the seawater storage in raw material seawater carry out heat exchange, to accelerate the condensation of water vapour on wall.
The exposed outside wall surface in described evaporative condenser chamber is coated with lagging material.Be raw material seawater to be carried out evaporative condenser handle because evaporative condenser is indoor, so the temperature of the dense water that gets off from evaporator tank can be than raw material seawater height, therefore, on the exposed outside surface in evaporative condenser chamber covering insulation material be for the condensing chamber that avoids evaporating in too much heat be delivered to outside atmosphere, to cause the waste of heat.
According to the refrigerating duty of semiconductor chilling plate, diameter can be arranged in described evaporative condenser chamber and be about 0.2-1m, height is about 0.2-1m.The device volume of size is little like this, and floor space is few, is fit to very much miniaturization use or family expenses.
Described fresh water storage is provided with and vacuumizes the hole.For reducing the seawater boiling point, strengthen evaporation capacity and reduction and add heat, before carrying out the sea water desaltination processing, described evaporative condenser chamber and fresh water storage are vacuumized at every turn, the described hole that vacuumizes is to link to each other with pumped vacuum systems.Pumped vacuum systems is manual apparatus for vacuum producing, vacuum pump etc.
In the place of coastland wind resource and sun power abundance, as the island, described power supply device is aerogenerator, to maximally utilise wind energy, and the electric energy heating and the condensation seawater that utilize wind-force to produce, and need not the extra power supply.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention produces in traditional distillation method on the basis of fresh water and has reasonably used semiconductor chilling plate, utilizes heat pump principle, can export than power input more heat, has improved the utilization rate of electrical of whole device.
2, utilize normal atmosphere moisturizing raw material seawater and utilize concentrated seawater after gravity is collected evaporation process, can make the operation of device continuous and automatic.
3, in the evaporator tank vapor evaporated by semiconductor chilling plate chill surface and evaporative condenser chamber top inner wall in conjunction with condensation, the balance semi-conductor heats the heat of face effectively, makes complete assembly more stable.
4, volume of the present invention is little, and floor space is few, is fit to very much the miniaturization sea water desaltination.Be specially adapted to the coastland of wind resource and sun power abundance, the electric energy that utilizes wind-force or sun the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge to produce on the spot obtains fresh water, need not other extra power, can solve the water shortage problem on part island.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of a kind of embodiment of sea water desalinating plant of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is along the cutaway view Amplified image of A-A ' line in the sea water desalinating plant shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 is along the cutaway view Amplified image of B-B ' line in the sea water desalinating plant shown in Figure 1;
Among the figure: seawater storage 1, normal pressure keep mouth 2, outer wall radiating fin 3, fresh water holding groove 4, raw material seawater control valve 5, seawater pipe 6, evaporative condenser chamber 7, coil pipe 8, dense water out valve 9, horizontal baffle 10, vertical clapboard 11, hot side radiating fin 12, hot side heat conduction copper sheet 13, semiconductor chilling plate 14, huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) fin 15, fresh water storage 16, vacuumize hole 17, fresh water pipe 18.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of sea water desalinating plant, comprise seawater storage 1, evaporative condenser chamber 7 and fresh water storage 16, seawater storage 1 links to each other by seawater pipe 6 with evaporative condenser chamber 7, evaporative condenser chamber 7 links to each other by fresh water pipe 18 with fresh water storage 16,7 inside, evaporative condenser chamber are provided with semiconductor chilling plate 14, and seawater storage 1 is provided with normal pressure and keeps mouth 2.Normal pressure keeps mouth 2 to be actually the opening for feed of seawater storage 1, and normal pressure keeps mouth 2 can also keep the pressure in the seawater storage 1 to be always normal atmosphere for seawater storage 1 provides seawater.Seawater pipe 6 is provided with the raw material seawater control valve 5 of control raw material seawater flow and switch.
The structure of evaporative condenser chamber 7 for being combined into by cone and cylinder, the top is cone, and the bottom is cylinder, and conical part is embedded in seawater storage 1 inside, and the inwall of cone is the condensate water guide face.Outer wall in cone also is provided with the outer wall radiating fin, and purpose is to carry out heat exchange for the raw material seawater in the water vapour that makes evaporation in the evaporative condenser chamber 7 and the seawater storage 1, accelerates water vapour in the condensation of cone inwall.
The inwall that pastes evaporative condenser chamber 7 is wound with spiral water of condensation holding groove 4, and water of condensation holding groove 4 is in the top of evaporator tank; One end of fresh water pipe 18 docks with the condensation-water drain of water of condensation holding groove 4, and the other end of fresh water pipe 18 links to each other with fresh water storage 16.The vertex of water of condensation holding groove 4 is positioned at the intersection of cone and cylinder, and lower-most point (being the condensation-water drain of water of condensation holding groove 4) is more than the 1cm of the upper end of vertical clapboard 11.
The face that heats of semiconductor chilling plate 14 and chill surface correspondingly are equipped with hot side radiating fin 12 and huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) fin 15, be provided with hot side heat conduction copper sheet 13 between hot side radiating fin 12 and semiconductor chilling plate 14, the heat that is used for face that semiconductor chilling plate 14 is heated passes.Semiconductor chilling plate 14 is realized to the heating evaporation of raw material seawater with to the condensation of water vapour by a power supply device.The layout of hot side radiating fin 12 as shown in Figure 2, its flow direction along raw material seawater is arranged in the evaporator tank.Hot side radiating fin 12 is used for the raw material seawater in the heating evaporation groove, and huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) fin 15 is used for cooling off the water vapour of evaporation.According to the refrigerating duty of semiconductor chilling plate 14, evaporative condenser chamber 7 can be designed to: diameter is about 0.2-1m, and height is about 0.2-1m.
Power supply device can be all kinds of generators, and present embodiment utilizes aerogenerator to be the sea water desalinating plant energy supply, to maximally utilise wind energy, and the electric energy heating and the condensation seawater that utilize wind-force to produce, and need not the extra power supply.
In 7 bottoms, evaporative condenser chamber, be that dense water capacity Na Kongjianchu is connected with a dense water out valve 9, this dense water capacity is received the space and is also carried out heat exchange with a certain section of seawater pipe 6, the end of seawater pipe 6 is coil pipe 8, coil pipe 8 stretches into the dense water capacity and receives in the space as receiving the heat exchanging segment that the space carries out heat exchange with the dense water capacity, thereby realizes the preheating of raw material seawater in the seawater pipe 6.Coil pipe 8 is copper product, and bore is about 6-20mm.The layout of coil pipe 8 in evaporative condenser chamber 7 as shown in Figure 3.Evaporative condenser chamber 7 exposed cylinder outside wall surface are coated with lagging material, and the condensing chamber 7 interior heats that are used for avoiding evaporating are delivered to outside atmosphere, cause the waste of heat.
The working process of above-mentioned sea water desalinating plant is as follows: at first confirm in each pipeline and the container all anhydrous, close raw material seawater control valve 5, dense water out valve 9, from vacuumize 17 pairs of evaporative condenser chambers 7, hole, fresh water storage room 16 vacuumizes processing, up to evaporative condenser chamber 7, fresh water storage room 16 internal pressures are down to preset value.Keep mouthfuls 2 raw material seawater filled raw material seawater storage 1 by normal pressure, open raw material seawater control valve 5, raw material seawater slowly enters in the evaporator tank of being made up of horizontal baffle 10, vertical clapboard 11 and evaporative condenser chamber 9 sidewalls 7 inside, evaporative condenser chamber by seawater pipe 6, rises to until water level to exceed vertical clapboard 11 and be spilled over to 7 bottoms, evaporative condenser chamber; Simultaneously, powered by aerogenerator, semiconductor chilling plate 14 work, semiconductor chilling plate 14 hot side heats heat until boiling by hot side heat conduction copper sheet 13,12 pairs of raw material seawater of hot side radiating fin, a large amount of water vapors are met the condensation knot at the inwall of evaporative condenser chamber 7, in the process that flows down along inwall, flow into water of condensation holding groove 4, and flow out to fresh water storage 16 by water of condensation holding groove 4 from fresh water pipe 18; After working after a while, evaporative condenser chamber 9 bottom concentration of seawater are bigger, raw material seawater storage room 1 stream is empty, because evaporative condenser chamber 7 directly is communicated with atmosphere, vacuum is destroyed, opens dense water out valve 9 this moment, concentrated stream is gone out, and can obtain fresh water in the fresh water storage 16, so far, a production cycle finishes.
Claims (10)
1. a sea water desalinating plant comprises seawater storage, evaporative condenser chamber and fresh water storage, and the seawater storage links to each other by the seawater pipe with the evaporative condenser chamber, and the evaporative condenser chamber links to each other by fresh water pipe with the fresh water storage; It is characterized in that:
The indoor semiconductor chilling plate that is provided with of described evaporative condenser, described semiconductor chilling plate provides energy by power supply device;
Described seawater storage is provided with normal pressure and keeps mouth.
2. sea water desalinating plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described evaporative condenser chamber interior is provided with evaporator tank, and the space is received for the dense water capacity in the evaporator tank below, has between evaporator tank and the evaporative condenser chamber interior walls to lead to the dense water capacity and receive the overflow ducts in space;
Be provided with described semiconductor chilling plate in the evaporator tank, the sidewall of evaporator tank is provided with the water-in that is communicated with the seawater pipe.
3. sea water desalinating plant according to claim 2 is characterized in that: at least one section of described seawater pipe receive the heat exchanging segment in space for stretching into the described dense water capacity.
4. sea water desalinating plant according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the top of described evaporative condenser chamber is cone, the inwall of cone is the condensate water guide face.
5. sea water desalinating plant according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the inwall that pastes described evaporative condenser chamber is wound with spiral water of condensation holding groove, and this water of condensation holding groove is in the top of evaporator tank;
One end of fresh water pipe docks with the condensation-water drain of water of condensation holding groove, and the other end of fresh water pipe links to each other with the fresh water storage.
6. sea water desalinating plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the face that heats of described semiconductor chilling plate and chill surface correspondingly are equipped with hot side radiating fin and huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) fin.
7. sea water desalinating plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the top of described evaporative condenser chamber is embedded in described seawater storage inside.
8. sea water desalinating plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the top exterior walls of described evaporative condenser chamber is provided with the outer wall radiating fin.
9. sea water desalinating plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described power supply device is aerogenerator.
10. sea water desalinating plant according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fresh water storage is provided with and vacuumizes the hole.
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| CN201310207878.8A CN103274486B (en) | 2013-05-29 | 2013-05-29 | Seawater desalting device |
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| CN201310207878.8A CN103274486B (en) | 2013-05-29 | 2013-05-29 | Seawater desalting device |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105417608A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-03-23 | 华南理工大学 | Solar photovoltaic semiconductor refrigeration type seawater desalination apparatus |
| CN105439232A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-03-30 | 西安交通大学 | Heat pump type seawater desalination apparatus with step preheating, and control method thereof |
| CN105858766A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-08-17 | 句容苏米特环保科技有限公司 | Drinking water preparation device and drinking water preparation method |
| CN107188259A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-09-22 | 东南大学 | Sea water desalinating unit |
| CN110143633A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-08-20 | 马鞍山市新桥工业设计有限公司 | A kind of desalination plant |
| CN110143634A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-08-20 | 马鞍山市新桥工业设计有限公司 | A kind of seawater desalination processing unit based on solar energy |
| CN110182873A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-08-30 | 温州大学激光与光电智能制造研究院 | The portable light purification device of seawater |
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| CN202849107U (en) * | 2012-10-20 | 2013-04-03 | 刘方旭 | Water ring vacuum negative-pressure evaporation solar-powered seawater desalination device |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105439232A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-03-30 | 西安交通大学 | Heat pump type seawater desalination apparatus with step preheating, and control method thereof |
| CN105439232B (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2018-03-02 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of heat pump type sea water desalination device and its control method with step preheating |
| CN105417608A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-03-23 | 华南理工大学 | Solar photovoltaic semiconductor refrigeration type seawater desalination apparatus |
| CN105858766A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-08-17 | 句容苏米特环保科技有限公司 | Drinking water preparation device and drinking water preparation method |
| CN107188259A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-09-22 | 东南大学 | Sea water desalinating unit |
| CN110182873A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-08-30 | 温州大学激光与光电智能制造研究院 | The portable light purification device of seawater |
| CN110143633A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-08-20 | 马鞍山市新桥工业设计有限公司 | A kind of desalination plant |
| CN110143634A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-08-20 | 马鞍山市新桥工业设计有限公司 | A kind of seawater desalination processing unit based on solar energy |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103274486B (en) | 2014-12-31 |
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