CN101219817B - Multiple-effect distillation device and method for desalting sea water or brackish water only by using solar - Google Patents
Multiple-effect distillation device and method for desalting sea water or brackish water only by using solar Download PDFInfo
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- CN101219817B CN101219817B CN2008100521520A CN200810052152A CN101219817B CN 101219817 B CN101219817 B CN 101219817B CN 2008100521520 A CN2008100521520 A CN 2008100521520A CN 200810052152 A CN200810052152 A CN 200810052152A CN 101219817 B CN101219817 B CN 101219817B
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- seawater
- brackish water
- effect evaporator
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- evaporator
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-effect distillation device only by using solar energy to desalt sea water or brackish water and the method. The device comprises three parts: a solar energy collector, a multi-effect evaporator and a condenser. The method of the device for desalting the sea water or the brackish water comprises the processes: vacuum of each effect evaporator is regulated; steam generated in each effect evaporator sequentially enters a condensation heat exchange tube in a next effect evaporator through a steam outlet of the effect evaporator; after the condensation, the fresh water is obtained, and energy for vaporizing the sea water or brackish water in the effect evaporator is provided. The invention has the advantages of simple desalting process and device as well as reliable operation and running and no consumption of other energy except that the solar energy supplies heat, which is particularly applied to areas short of the fresh water but rich in the sea water, brackish water and the solar energy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to that a kind of single utilization sun power desalinizes seawater or the multiple-effect distillation device and the method for brackish water, belong to the desalting technology of water treatment.
Background technology
Seawater or technique of desalinating saline water are to remove salinity in the seawater and obtain the technological process of fresh water by device or equipment.
The method of seawater or brackish water desalination is mainly divided distillation method and embrane method.Distillation method seawater or brackish water desalination are with seawater or the vaporization of brackish water heating evaporation, make vapor condensation obtain the process of fresh water again.Embrane method seawater or technique of desalinating saline water are meant the macromolecule membrane that utilizes natural or synthetic, are the method for impellent with salinity and water sepn in seawater or the brackish water with outside energy or chemical potential difference.
Solar energy sea water or brackish water desalination system are that the heat energy driving seawater or the brackish water that utilize sun power to produce undergo phase transition, or utilize solar radiation to produce electric energy, seawater or brackish water desalination systems such as the embrane method of driving.Solar electrical energy generation-embrane method seawater or brackish water desalination system, device is complicated, and seawater or brackish water need strict pre-treatment, and technology is longer.The desalination system that solar energy collector combines with traditional seawater or technique of desalinating saline water need to be installed complicated liquid spraying device, and spray equipment easily stops up, and the spray inequality easily causes the heat-transfer pipe fouling, influences the normal operation of equipment.Existing seawater or the brackish water desalination system that utilizes sun power generation heat energy driving seawater or brackish water under certain vacuum tightness, to undergo phase transition, need be equipped with vacuum pump or squirt pump when vacuumizing, still need consume a large amount of electric energy, cause the producing water ratio of unit consumption of energy less, these have all limited the popularization of solar energy sea water or technique of desalinating saline water.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of single utilization sun power to desalinize seawater or the multiple-effect distillation device and the method for brackish water, the apparatus structure of this method is simple, operate reliablely, expense is low, is specially adapted to sunny and the desalination of seawater or brackish water is carried out in the area electric power scarcity.
The present invention is realized by following technical proposals.A kind of single utilization sun power desalinizes seawater or the multiple-effect distillation device of brackish water, this device comprises: solar energy collector 1, multiple-effect evaporator 2 and condenser 3, the going out of solar energy collector 1, inlet pipe are connected with the import and export of cooling heat transferring pipe 11 in first single-effect evaporator respectively, constitute the heat transferring medium circulation loop of solar energy collector.Second single-effect evaporator is between the last evaporator, the connection of adjacent two vaporizers is to link to each other with the steam inlet of condensing heat-exchanging pipe 8 in the 1st effective evaporator of back by the steam outlet with preceding 1st effective evaporator to constitute, and realize that in this way the polyphone between each effect of multiple-effect evaporator connects, the steam outlet of last evaporator links to each other with the steam inlet of condensing heat-exchanging pipe in the condenser, it is characterized in that: the top of each single-effect evaporator and condenser be provided with seawater or brackish water water inlet pipe 4 and on seawater or brackish water inlet valve 5, the bottom of each single-effect evaporator be provided with seawater or brackish water rising pipe 12 and on variable valve 10, the rising pipe of seawater or brackish water inserts in the liquid seal trough 13, seawater that the bottom of condenser 3 is provided with or brackish water rising pipe insert seawater or brackish water receiving tank 14, the outlet of cooling heat transferring pipe 11 and condensing heat-exchanging pipe 8 links to each other with the fresh water collecting apparatus by means 7 that is arranged on vaporizer and condenser outside, collects fresh water.
Utilize above-mentioned single utilization sun power multiple-effect distillation device to desalinize seawater or the method for brackish water, it is characterized in that comprising following process:
1. open the seawater or the brackish water inlet valve 5 at each single-effect evaporator top, make and be full of seawater or brackish water in the vaporizer, gas in the emptying vaporizer, close the inlet valve 5 of seawater or brackish water, open the variable valve 10 on seawater or the brackish water outlet pipe, regulate seawater or the elevation of water surface of brackish water in vaporizer in each single-effect evaporator, promptly regulate the vacuum tightness in each single-effect evaporator, make the vacuum tightness of the corresponding formation of liquid level and institute in first single-effect evaporator corresponding with the pairing vapour-liquid saturated vapour pressure of solar energy collector 1 heat transferring medium top temperature, vacuum tightness will be higher than the vacuum tightness in first single-effect evaporator in other each single-effect evaporator, but will guarantee that the water level of vaporizer maritime interior waters or brackish water is higher than the upper end position of condensing heat-exchanging pipe.
2. the heat transferring medium after solar energy collector heats up enters the cooling heat transferring pipe in first single-effect evaporator, returning solar energy collector again after the heat exchange cooling recycles, the steam that the first single-effect evaporator maritime interior waters or brackish water generate enters the condensing heat-exchanging pipe 8 of second single-effect evaporator, undergo phase transition, by condensing heat-exchanging pipe outlet output fresh water, be collected in fresh water collecting apparatus by means 7, phase transformation provides the vaporization heat for the seawater in second single-effect evaporator or brackish water simultaneously, the steam that seawater in this vaporizer or brackish water vaporization produce enters the condensing heat-exchanging pipe of third effect evaporator, respectively imitate process like this, implement until last evaporator by imitating thereafter.
3. the steam of last evaporator generation enters the condensing heat-exchanging pipe 8 of condenser 3, condensation output fresh water is collected in fresh water collecting apparatus by means 7, condenser maritime interior waters or brackish water absorb waste heat, and seawater behind the absorption waste heat or brackish water are by regulating seawater or the brackish water receiving tank 14 that seawater or brackish water vent valves 9 enter the bottom.
The invention has the advantages that: by solar energy heating, the multiple-effect evaporator that utilizes vacuum tightness to increase is gradually realized the repeatedly recycling of solar energy heating energy.Owing to be provided with liquid seal trough, can utilize the vacuum tightness in the variable valve free adjustment vaporizer, the adjusting of vacuum tightness need not be provided with vacuum pump or squirt pump, not only can save a large amount of electric power resources, and this device be specially adapted to sunny, the area of electric power resource scarcity.In addition, this device need not be provided with spray equipment, and the condensing heat-exchanging pipe in each single-effect evaporator is immersed in seawater or the brackish water, has avoided because the irregular heat-transfer pipe fouling that causes of liquid distribution influence the phenomenon generation of device normal running.The present invention also has technology and device is simple, operate reliable, characteristics such as energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is to be the apparatus structure synoptic diagram of the present invention of example with 4 single-effect evaporators.
Among the figure, 1 is solar energy collector, and 2 is multiple-effect evaporator, 3 is condenser, and 4 is seawater or brackish water water inlet pipe, and 5 is seawater or brackish water inlet valve, 6 is the fresh water vent valves, and 7 is fresh water collecting apparatus by means, and 8 is condensing heat-exchanging pipe, 9 is that condenser seawater or brackish water vent valves are imitated in the end, 10 is variable valve, and 11 is the cooling heat transferring pipe, and 12 is seawater or brackish water rising pipe, 13 is liquid seal trough, and 14 is seawater or brackish water receiving tank.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the invention is described in further detail: Fig. 1 is that single utilization sun power of the present invention desalinizes seawater or the apparatus structure synoptic diagram (is example with 4 single-effect evaporators) of brackish water multi-effect distilling method.Solar energy collector 1 is plate, and model is PGT/L2.0-J, and collector area is 1m
2, the high energy of the temperature of this solar energy collector heat transferring medium reaches 80-83 ℃, and the physical dimension of each single-effect evaporator and condenser is: 4000mm * 600mm * 11000mm.
The process of carrying out sea water desaltination with said apparatus is as follows: seawater is filled with each single-effect evaporator by seawater water inlet pipe 4 and seawater inlet valve 5, be full of vaporizer emptying noncondensable gas, close the seawater inlet valve, open the variable valve 10 on the seawater rising pipe 12 of each single-effect evaporator bottom, regulate the seawater liquid level in each single-effect evaporator, vacuum tightness in first single-effect evaporator reaches 53.75kPa, the vapor-liquid equilibrium temperature of this vacuum tightness correspondence is 80 ℃, thereafter the water level of each single-effect evaporator maritime interior waters or brackish water reduces gradually, and promptly vacuum tightness increases successively.When absorbing sun power, solar energy collector 1 promotes the first effect maritime interior waters temperature, when making temperature reach in the vaporizer the pairing saturated-steam temperature of vacuum tightness (80 ℃), seawater is the part vaporization in first single-effect evaporator, the steam that generates enters condensation in the interior condensing heat-exchanging pipe 8 of second single-effect evaporator, and heat passed seawater in second single-effect evaporator, Absorption by Sea Water heat in second single-effect evaporator also heats up, regulate the variable valve 10 of second single-effect evaporator, seawater in second single-effect evaporator is partly vaporized, first steam of imitating generation is condensed into fresh water in second condensing heat-exchanging pipe 8 of imitating simultaneously, being collected in second imitates in the fresh water collecting apparatus by means 7, evaporative condenser process in each single-effect evaporator is carried out successively, the steam that last evaporator produces enters in the condensing heat-exchanging pipe 8 of condenser 3, the waste heat Absorption by Sea Water in the device 3 that is condensed, the fresh water that condensation obtains are collected in the outer fresh water collecting apparatus by means 7 of condenser 3.Imitate number when being set at 4 when multiple-effect evaporator, utilize collector area for 1m2 solar heat-collection plate thermal-arrest and heat is provided, can produce fresh water 20kg every day.After operating process finishes, by regulating seawater inlet valve 5, destroy vacuum, imitate fresh water vent valves 6 discharges the fresh water in the fresh water collecting apparatus by means 7 by each, dense sea brine is then discharged vaporizer 2 by the rising pipe 12 that each imitates the bottom, and the seawater that imitate in the condenser at the end enters seawater receiving tank 14 by vent valves 9.
Claims (2)
1. a single utilization sun power desalinizes seawater or the multiple-effect distillation device of brackish water, this device comprises: solar energy collector (1), multiple-effect evaporator (2) and condenser (3), going out of solar energy collector (1), inlet pipe respectively with first single-effect evaporator in the advancing of cooling heat transferring pipe (11), outlet connects, constitute the heat transferring medium circulation loop of solar energy collector, second single-effect evaporator is between the last evaporator, the connection of adjacent two vaporizers is to link to each other with the steam inlet of condensing heat-exchanging pipe (8) in the 1st effective evaporator of back by the steam outlet with preceding 1st effective evaporator to constitute, and realize that in this way the polyphone between each effect of multiple-effect evaporator connects, the steam outlet of last evaporator links to each other with the steam inlet of condensing heat-exchanging pipe in the condenser, it is characterized in that: the top of each single-effect evaporator and condenser be provided with seawater or brackish water water inlet pipe (4) and on seawater or brackish water inlet valve (5), the bottom of each single-effect evaporator be provided with seawater or brackish water rising pipe (12) and on variable valve (10), the rising pipe of seawater or brackish water inserts in the liquid seal trough (13), seawater that the bottom of condenser (3) is provided with or brackish water rising pipe insert seawater or brackish water receiving tank (14), the outlet of cooling heat transferring pipe (11) and condensing heat-exchanging pipe (8) links to each other with the fresh water collecting apparatus by means (7) that is arranged on vaporizer and condenser outside, collects fresh water.
2. one kind desalinizes seawater with the described single utilization sun power of claim 1 multiple-effect distillation device or the method for brackish water, it is characterized in that comprising following process:
1). open the seawater or the brackish water inlet valve (5) at each single-effect evaporator top, make and be full of seawater or brackish water in the vaporizer, gas in the emptying vaporizer, close the inlet valve (5) of seawater or brackish water, open the variable valve (10) on seawater or the brackish water outlet pipe, regulate seawater or the elevation of water surface of brackish water in vaporizer in each single-effect evaporator, promptly regulate the vacuum tightness in each single-effect evaporator, make the vacuum tightness of the corresponding formation of liquid level and institute in first single-effect evaporator corresponding with the pairing vapour-liquid saturated vapour pressure of solar energy collector (1) heat transferring medium top temperature, vacuum tightness will be higher than the vacuum tightness in first single-effect evaporator in other each single-effect evaporator, but will guarantee that the water level of vaporizer maritime interior waters or brackish water is higher than the upper end position of condensing heat-exchanging pipe;
2). the heat transferring medium after solar energy collector (1) heats up enters the cooling heat transferring pipe in first single-effect evaporator, returning solar energy collector again after the heat exchange cooling recycles, the steam that the first single-effect evaporator maritime interior waters or brackish water generate enters the condensing heat-exchanging pipe of second single-effect evaporator, undergo phase transition, condensing heat-exchanging pipe outlet output fresh water by 2nd effect evaporator, be collected in fresh water collecting apparatus by means (7), phase transformation provides the vaporization heat for the seawater in second single-effect evaporator or brackish water simultaneously, the steam that seawater in this vaporizer or brackish water vaporization produce enters the condensing heat-exchanging pipe of third effect evaporator, respectively imitate process like this, implement until last evaporator by imitating thereafter;
3). the steam that last evaporator produces enters the condensing heat-exchanging pipe of condenser (3), condensation output fresh water is collected in fresh water collecting apparatus by means (7), condenser (3) maritime interior waters or brackish water absorb waste heat, and seawater behind the absorption waste heat or brackish water are by regulating seawater or the brackish water receiving tank (14) that seawater or brackish water vent valves (9) enter the bottom.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100521520A CN101219817B (en) | 2008-01-25 | 2008-01-25 | Multiple-effect distillation device and method for desalting sea water or brackish water only by using solar |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2008100521520A CN101219817B (en) | 2008-01-25 | 2008-01-25 | Multiple-effect distillation device and method for desalting sea water or brackish water only by using solar |
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| CN101219817A CN101219817A (en) | 2008-07-16 |
| CN101219817B true CN101219817B (en) | 2010-09-22 |
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| CN102190340A (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2011-09-21 | 孙元新 | Multistage double effect distillation seawater desalination technology with heating seawater by solar energy |
| CN103016074B (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2015-09-23 | 宁夏光合能源科技有限公司 | The water that heat energy combines with natural cold-energy, electricity, salt combined production device |
| CN103754967B (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2015-03-25 | 国家海洋局天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所 | Device for realizing sea water desalination through space radiation refrigeration |
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| CN109809516A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-05-28 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of water-filling exhaust natural vacuum solar energy sea water desalination apparatus |
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| CN114044551B (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2024-04-12 | 天华化工机械及自动化研究设计院有限公司 | Separation tower for treating condensed water and method thereof |
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