CN101219817B - Multi-effect distillation device and method for desalination of seawater or brackish water by single use of solar energy - Google Patents
Multi-effect distillation device and method for desalination of seawater or brackish water by single use of solar energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN101219817B CN101219817B CN2008100521520A CN200810052152A CN101219817B CN 101219817 B CN101219817 B CN 101219817B CN 2008100521520 A CN2008100521520 A CN 2008100521520A CN 200810052152 A CN200810052152 A CN 200810052152A CN 101219817 B CN101219817 B CN 101219817B
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种单一利用太阳能淡化海水或苦咸水的多效蒸馏装置与方法，属于水处理的脱盐技术。The invention relates to a multi-effect distillation device and method for desalinating seawater or brackish water by single use of solar energy, which belongs to the desalination technology of water treatment.
背景技术Background technique
海水或苦咸水淡化技术是通过装置或设备除去海水中盐分并获得淡水的工艺过程。Seawater or brackish water desalination technology is a process of removing salt in seawater and obtaining fresh water through devices or equipment.
海水或苦咸水淡化的方法主要分蒸馏法和膜法。蒸馏法海水或苦咸水淡化是将海水或苦咸水加热蒸发汽化，再使蒸汽冷凝得到淡水的过程。膜法海水或苦咸水淡化技术是指利用天然或人工合成的高分子薄膜，以外界能量或化学位差为推动力将海水或苦咸水中盐分和水分离的方法。Seawater or brackish water desalination methods are mainly divided into distillation and membrane methods. Distillation seawater or brackish water desalination is the process of heating seawater or brackish water to evaporate and vaporize, and then condensing the steam to obtain fresh water. Membrane seawater or brackish water desalination technology refers to the method of separating salt and water in seawater or brackish water by using natural or synthetic polymer membranes and using external energy or chemical potential difference as the driving force.
太阳能海水或苦咸水淡化系统是利用太阳能产生的热能驱动海水或苦咸水发生相变，或利用太阳能辐射产生电能，驱动的膜法等海水或苦咸水淡化系统。太阳能发电-膜法海水或苦咸水淡化系统，装置复杂，海水或苦咸水需要严格的预处理，工艺较长。太阳能集热器与传统海水或苦咸水淡化技术相结合的淡化系统，需要安装复杂的液体喷淋装置，而且喷淋装置易堵塞，喷淋不均易造成传热管结垢，影响设备的正常运行。现有的利用太阳能产生热能驱动海水或苦咸水在一定的真空度下发生相变的海水或苦咸水淡化系统，抽真空时需要配备真空泵或喷射泵，仍需消耗大量的电能，造成单位能耗的产水率较小，这些都限制了太阳能海水或苦咸水淡化技术的推广。The solar seawater or brackish water desalination system is a seawater or brackish water desalination system driven by the heat energy generated by solar energy to drive the phase change of seawater or brackish water, or using solar radiation to generate electrical energy, and driven by the membrane method. Solar power generation-membrane seawater or brackish water desalination system, the device is complicated, seawater or brackish water needs strict pretreatment, and the process is long. The desalination system that combines solar collectors with traditional seawater or brackish water desalination technology requires the installation of complex liquid spraying devices, and the spraying devices are easy to block, and uneven spraying can easily cause fouling of the heat transfer tubes, which affects the performance of the equipment. normal operation. Existing seawater or brackish water desalination systems that use solar energy to generate heat to drive seawater or brackish water to undergo a phase change under a certain degree of vacuum need to be equipped with vacuum pumps or jet pumps when vacuuming, which still consumes a lot of electric energy, resulting in unit The water production rate of energy consumption is small, which limits the promotion of solar seawater or brackish water desalination technology.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种单一利用太阳能淡化海水或苦咸水的多效蒸馏装置与方法，该方法的装置结构简单，操作运行可靠，费用低，特别适用于阳光充足而电力匮乏的地区进行海水或苦咸水的淡化。The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-effect distillation device and method for desalinating seawater or brackish water by single use of solar energy. Desalination of seawater or brackish water.
本发明是通过下述技术方案加以实现的。一种单一利用太阳能淡化海水或苦咸水的多效蒸馏装置，该装置包括：太阳能集热器1、多效蒸发器2和冷凝器3，太阳能集热器1的出、进口管分别与第一效蒸发器内的冷却换热管11的进、出口连接，构成太阳能集热器的换热介质循环回路。第二效蒸发器至末效蒸发器之间，相邻两蒸发器的连接是通过将前一效蒸发器的出汽口与后一效蒸发器内冷凝换热管8的进汽口相连而构成的，并以此方式实现多效蒸发器各效之间的串连连接，末效蒸发器的出汽口与冷凝器内冷凝换热管的进汽口相连，其特征在于：各效蒸发器及冷凝器的顶部设置海水或苦咸水进水管4及其上的海水或苦咸水进水阀门5，各效蒸发器的底部设置海水或苦咸水出水管12及其上的调节阀10，海水或苦咸水的出水管插入液封槽13内，冷凝器3的底部设置的海水或苦咸水出水管插入海水或苦咸水收集槽14，冷却换热管11及冷凝换热管8的出口与设置在蒸发器及冷凝器外部的淡水收集器7相连，收集淡水。The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions. A multi-effect distillation device for desalinating seawater or brackish water by single use of solar energy, the device includes: a solar heat collector 1, a multi-effect evaporator 2 and a condenser 3, the outlet and inlet pipes of the solar heat collector 1 are respectively connected to the first The inlet and outlet of the cooling heat exchange tubes 11 in the one-effect evaporator are connected to form the heat exchange medium circulation loop of the solar heat collector. Between the second effect evaporator and the final effect evaporator, the connection of two adjacent evaporators is by connecting the steam outlet of the previous effect evaporator with the steam inlet of the condensing heat exchange tube 8 in the latter effect evaporator. In this way, the series connection between the effects of the multi-effect evaporator is realized. The steam outlet of the final effect evaporator is connected with the steam inlet of the condensation heat exchange tube in the condenser. It is characterized in that: each effect evaporates Seawater or brackish water inlet pipe 4 and its upper seawater or brackish water inlet valve 5 are arranged on the top of the condenser and condenser, and seawater or brackish water outlet pipe 12 and its regulating valve are arranged at the bottom of each effect evaporator 10. The seawater or brackish water outlet pipe is inserted into the liquid seal tank 13, the seawater or brackish water outlet pipe provided at the bottom of the condenser 3 is inserted into the seawater or brackish water collection tank 14, the cooling heat exchange tube 11 and the condensation heat exchange The outlet of the pipe 8 is connected to the fresh water collector 7 arranged outside the evaporator and condenser to collect fresh water.
利用上述的单一利用太阳能多效蒸馏装置淡化海水或苦咸水的方法，其特征在于包括以下过程：The method for desalinating seawater or brackish water by utilizing the above-mentioned single solar multiple-effect distillation device is characterized in that it includes the following process:
1.打开各效蒸发器顶部的海水或苦咸水进水阀门5，使蒸发器内充满海水或苦咸水，排净蒸发器内的气体，关闭海水或苦咸水的进水阀门5，打开海水或苦咸水出口管上的调节阀10，调节各效蒸发器内的海水或苦咸水在蒸发器内的水位高度，即调节各效蒸发器内的真空度，使第一效蒸发器内的液位高度及所对应形成的真空度与太阳能集热器1换热介质最高温度所对应的汽液饱和蒸汽压力相对应，其它各效蒸发器内真空度要高于第一效蒸发器内的真空度，但要确保蒸发器内海水或苦咸水的水位高于冷凝换热管的上端位置。1. Open the seawater or brackish water inlet valve 5 on the top of each effect evaporator, fill the evaporator with seawater or brackish water, drain the gas in the evaporator, and close the seawater or brackish water inlet valve 5, Open the regulating valve 10 on the seawater or brackish water outlet pipe to adjust the water level of seawater or brackish water in each effect evaporator, that is, adjust the vacuum degree in each effect evaporator to make the first effect evaporate The height of the liquid level in the evaporator and the corresponding vacuum degree correspond to the vapor-liquid saturated vapor pressure corresponding to the highest temperature of the heat exchange medium of the solar collector 1, and the vacuum degree in the other effect evaporators is higher than that of the first effect evaporator. Vacuum in the evaporator, but make sure that the water level of seawater or brackish water in the evaporator is higher than the upper end of the condensing heat exchange tube.
2.经太阳能集热器升温后的换热介质进入第一效蒸发器内的冷却换热管，经换热降温后再回太阳能集热器循环使用，第一效蒸发器内海水或苦咸水生成的蒸汽进入第二效蒸发器的冷凝换热管8，发生相变，由冷凝换热管出口产出淡水，收集于淡水收集器7，相变同时为第二效蒸发器内的海水或苦咸水提供汽化热量，该蒸发器内的海水或苦咸水汽化产生的蒸汽进入第三效蒸发器的冷凝换热管，其后各效如此过程，逐效实施直至末效蒸发器。2. The heat exchange medium heated up by the solar heat collector enters the cooling heat exchange tube in the first effect evaporator, and then returns to the solar heat collector for recycling after heat exchange and cooling. The seawater or bitter salt in the first effect evaporator The steam generated by the water enters the condensing heat exchange tube 8 of the second effect evaporator, and undergoes a phase change. Fresh water is produced from the outlet of the condensing heat exchange tube and collected in the fresh water collector 7. The phase change is simultaneously seawater in the second effect evaporator. Or brackish water provides the heat of vaporization, and the steam generated by the vaporization of seawater or brackish water in the evaporator enters the condensation heat exchange tube of the third effect evaporator, and then each effect is implemented in this way until the final effect evaporator.
3.末效蒸发器产生的蒸汽进入冷凝器3的冷凝换热管8，冷凝产出淡水收集于淡水收集器7，冷凝器内海水或苦咸水吸收余热，吸收余热后的海水或苦咸水通过调节海水或苦咸水排放阀门9排入下部的海水或苦咸水收集槽14。3. The steam generated by the final effect evaporator enters the condensation heat exchange tube 8 of the condenser 3, and the fresh water produced by condensation is collected in the fresh water collector 7. The seawater or brackish water in the condenser absorbs waste heat, and the seawater or brackish water after absorbing waste heat The water is discharged into the seawater or brackish water collection tank 14 at the bottom by adjusting the seawater or brackish water discharge valve 9 .
本发明的优点在于：通过太阳能集热，利用真空度逐渐增大的多效蒸发器，实现太阳能集热能量的多次重复利用。由于设置了液封槽，可以利用调节阀自由调节蒸发器内的真空度，真空度的调节不需设置真空泵或喷射泵，不但可以节省大量的电力资源，而且该装置特别适用于阳光充足，电力资源匮乏的地区。另外，本装置不需设置喷淋装置，而且各效蒸发器中的冷凝换热管浸没在海水或苦咸水中，避免了由于液体分布不匀造成的传热管结垢，影响装置正常操作的现象发生。本发明还具有工艺及装置简单，操作运行可靠，节能环保等特点。The invention has the advantages of: through solar heat collection, the multi-effect evaporator whose vacuum degree gradually increases realizes repeated utilization of solar heat collection energy. Due to the installation of the liquid seal tank, the vacuum degree in the evaporator can be adjusted freely by using the regulating valve. The adjustment of the vacuum degree does not need to be equipped with a vacuum pump or a jet pump, which not only saves a lot of power resources, but also the device is especially suitable for sunny, electric resource-poor areas. In addition, this device does not need to be equipped with a spray device, and the condensation heat exchange tubes in each effect evaporator are immersed in seawater or brackish water, which avoids the fouling of the heat transfer tubes caused by uneven liquid distribution and affects the normal operation of the device. phenomenon occurs. The invention also has the characteristics of simple process and device, reliable operation, energy saving and environmental protection.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是以4效蒸发器为例的本发明的装置结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention taking a 4-effect evaporator as an example.
图中，1为太阳能集热器，2为多效蒸发器，3为冷凝器，4为海水或苦咸水进水管，5为海水或苦咸水进水阀门，6为淡水排放阀门，7为淡水收集器，8为冷凝换热管，9为末效冷凝器海水或苦咸水排放阀门，10为调节阀，11为冷却换热管，12为海水或苦咸水出水管，13为液封槽，14为海水或苦咸水收集槽。In the figure, 1 is a solar heat collector, 2 is a multi-effect evaporator, 3 is a condenser, 4 is a seawater or brackish water inlet pipe, 5 is a seawater or brackish water inlet valve, 6 is a fresh water discharge valve, 7 is the fresh water collector, 8 is the condensing heat exchange pipe, 9 is the seawater or brackish water discharge valve of the final effect condenser, 10 is the regulating valve, 11 is the cooling heat exchange pipe, 12 is the seawater or brackish water outlet pipe, 13 is Liquid seal tank, 14 is seawater or brackish water collection tank.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明具体实施方式作进一步详细说明：图1是本发明单一利用太阳能淡化海水或苦咸水多效蒸馏方法的装置结构示意图(以4效蒸发器为例)。太阳能集热器1为平板型，型号为PGT/L2.0-J，集热面积为1m2，该太阳能集热器换热介质的温度最高能达到80-83℃，各效蒸发器和冷凝器的外形尺寸为：4000mm×600mm×11000mm。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail: Fig. 1 is the apparatus structure diagram of the present invention's single utilization solar energy desalination seawater or brackish water multi-effect distillation method (taking 4 effect evaporators as example). The solar collector 1 is a flat plate type, the model is PGT/L2.0-J, and the heat collecting area is 1m 2 . The temperature of the heat exchange medium of the solar collector can reach a maximum of 80-83°C. The external dimensions of the device are: 4000mm×600mm×11000mm.
以上述装置进行海水淡化的过程如下：将海水通过海水进水管4和海水进水阀门5注满各效蒸发器，充满蒸发器排净不凝气体，关闭海水进水阀门，开启各效蒸发器底部的海水出水管12上的调节阀10，调节各效蒸发器内的海水液位高度，第一效蒸发器内的真空度达到53.75kPa，该真空度对应的汽液平衡温度为80℃，其后各效蒸发器内海水或苦咸水的水位逐渐降低，即真空度依次增大。当太阳能集热器1吸收太阳能提升第一效内海水温度，使温度达到蒸发器内真空度所对应的饱和蒸汽温度(80℃)时，海水在第一效蒸发器中部分汽化，生成的蒸汽进入第二效蒸发器内的冷凝换热管8中冷凝，并将热量传于第二效蒸发器中的海水，第二效蒸发器中的海水吸收热量并升温，调节第二效蒸发器的调节阀10，使第二效蒸发器内的海水部分汽化，同时第一效产生的蒸汽在第二效的冷凝换热管8中冷凝成淡水，收集于第二效淡水收集器7中，各效蒸发器内的蒸发冷凝过程依次进行，末效蒸发器产生的蒸汽进入冷凝器3的冷凝换热管8中，余热被冷凝器3中的海水吸收，冷凝得到的淡水收集于冷凝器3外的淡水收集器7中。当多效蒸发器效数设定为4时，利用集热面积为1m2太阳能集热板集热并提供热量，每天可产淡水20kg。当操作过程结束后，通过调节海水进水阀门5，破坏真空，通过各效淡水排放阀门6将淡水收集器7中的淡水排出，而浓盐海水则通过各效底部的出水管12排出蒸发器2，末效冷凝器内的海水通过排放阀门9排入海水收集槽14。The process of seawater desalination with the above-mentioned device is as follows: fill the evaporators with seawater through the seawater inlet pipe 4 and the seawater inlet valve 5, fill the evaporators and drain the non-condensable gas, close the seawater inlet valves, and open the evaporators for each effect The regulating valve 10 on the seawater outlet pipe 12 at the bottom adjusts the seawater liquid level height in each effect evaporator. The vacuum degree in the first effect evaporator reaches 53.75kPa, and the vapor-liquid equilibrium temperature corresponding to this vacuum degree is 80°C. Thereafter, the water level of seawater or brackish water in each effect evaporator gradually decreases, that is, the degree of vacuum increases sequentially. When the solar collector 1 absorbs solar energy to increase the temperature of the seawater in the first effect, so that the temperature reaches the saturated steam temperature (80°C) corresponding to the vacuum degree in the evaporator, the seawater is partially vaporized in the first effect evaporator, and the generated steam Enter the condensing heat exchange tube 8 in the second effect evaporator to condense, and transfer heat to the seawater in the second effect evaporator, the seawater in the second effect evaporator absorbs heat and heats up, and adjusts the temperature of the second effect evaporator Adjust the valve 10 to partially vaporize the seawater in the second effect evaporator, and at the same time, the steam generated by the first effect is condensed into fresh water in the second effect condensing heat exchange tube 8, and collected in the second effect fresh water collector 7, each The evaporation and condensation process in the effect evaporator is carried out sequentially, the steam generated by the final effect evaporator enters the condensation heat exchange tube 8 of the condenser 3, the waste heat is absorbed by the seawater in the condenser 3, and the fresh water obtained by condensation is collected outside the condenser 3 The fresh water collector 7. When the effect number of the multi-effect evaporator is set to 4, the solar heat collecting plate with a heat collecting area of 1m2 is used to collect heat and provide heat, and 20kg of fresh water can be produced every day. When the operation process is over, the vacuum is broken by adjusting the sea water inlet valve 5, and the fresh water in the fresh water collector 7 is discharged through the fresh water discharge valve 6 of each effect, while the concentrated salt sea water is discharged from the evaporator through the outlet pipe 12 at the bottom of each effect 2. The seawater in the final effect condenser is discharged into the seawater collection tank 14 through the discharge valve 9 .
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| CN102190340A (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2011-09-21 | 孙元新 | Multistage double effect distillation seawater desalination technology with heating seawater by solar energy |
| CN103016074B (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2015-09-23 | 宁夏光合能源科技有限公司 | The water that heat energy combines with natural cold-energy, electricity, salt combined production device |
| CN103754967B (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2015-03-25 | 国家海洋局天津海水淡化与综合利用研究所 | Device for realizing sea water desalination through space radiation refrigeration |
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