CN101475233B - Reduced pressure distillation device and method for desalting seawater or brackish water by singly utilizing solar energy - Google Patents

Reduced pressure distillation device and method for desalting seawater or brackish water by singly utilizing solar energy Download PDF

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CN101475233B
CN101475233B CN2009100676530A CN200910067653A CN101475233B CN 101475233 B CN101475233 B CN 101475233B CN 2009100676530 A CN2009100676530 A CN 2009100676530A CN 200910067653 A CN200910067653 A CN 200910067653A CN 101475233 B CN101475233 B CN 101475233B
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water
seawater
brackish
brackish water
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CN101475233A (en
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解利昕
郭丽玮
王世昌
李凭力
周蕾
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Tianjin University
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

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Abstract

The invention discloses a reduced pressure distillation device and a reduced pressure distillation method for desalting seawater or brackish water by singly utilizing solar energy. The device comprises a solar heat collector, an evaporation chamber, a condensation chamber connected with an external water tank and provided with a condensation pipe, and a liquid seal water tank. The process of the method for desalinating seawater or brackish water by using the device comprises the following steps: the vacuum degrees of the evaporation chamber and the condensation chamber are adjusted by adjusting the liquid level heights of the evaporation chamber and the condensation chamber, seawater or brackish water in the evaporation chamber is heated by a medium in the solar heat collector through natural circulation to be vaporized and phase-changed, and water vapor enters the condensation chamber and is condensed by a condensation pipe to obtain fresh water. The invention has the advantages that the desalination device and the process are simple, the operation is reliable, no other energy consumption is caused except for the heat supply of solar energy, and the device is particularly suitable for areas which are lack of fresh water and electric energy and are rich in seawater, brackish water and solar energy.

Description

单一利用太阳能淡化海水或苦咸水的减压蒸馏装置与方法 Vacuum distillation device and method for desalination of seawater or brackish water by single use of solar energy

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种单一利用太阳能淡化海水或苦咸水的减压蒸馏装置与方法，属于水处理的脱盐技术。The invention relates to a vacuum distillation device and method for desalinating seawater or brackish water by single use of solar energy, which belongs to the desalination technology of water treatment.

背景技术Background technique

太阳能海水或苦咸水蒸馏淡化系统是利用太阳能产生的热能驱动海水或苦咸水发生相变，形成的水蒸汽冷凝得到淡水的过程。目前太阳能海水或苦咸水淡化系统主要为传统式太阳能与常规海水淡化装置相结合的方法。传统式太阳能海水或苦咸水淡化系统采用自然蒸发的原理，且蒸馏器中为自然对流的换热方式，限制了蒸馏器热性能的提高。太阳能集热器与传统海水或苦咸水淡化技术相结合的淡化方法，系统复杂。对于小型淡化装置，喷淋装置易堵塞，影响设备的正常运行。现有的利用太阳能产生热能驱动海水或苦咸水在一定的真空度下发生相变的海水或苦咸水淡化系统，抽真空时需要配备真空泵或喷射泵，需要消耗大量的电能或热能，装置单位能耗的产水率较小。现有的太阳能淡化海水或苦咸水系统，在进行淡化运行时一般都需要使用大量的额外电能进行驱动，这些都限制了太阳能海水或苦咸水淡化技术的推广。The solar seawater or brackish water distillation and desalination system is a process in which the heat energy generated by solar energy is used to drive seawater or brackish water to undergo a phase change, and the formed water vapor is condensed to obtain fresh water. At present, the solar seawater or brackish water desalination system is mainly a combination of traditional solar energy and conventional seawater desalination devices. The traditional solar seawater or brackish water desalination system adopts the principle of natural evaporation, and the heat exchange method of natural convection in the distiller limits the improvement of the thermal performance of the distiller. The desalination method combining solar thermal collectors with traditional seawater or brackish water desalination technology has a complex system. For small desalination devices, the spray device is easy to block, which affects the normal operation of the equipment. The existing seawater or brackish water desalination system that utilizes solar energy to generate heat to drive seawater or brackish water to undergo a phase change under a certain degree of vacuum needs to be equipped with a vacuum pump or jet pump, which consumes a large amount of electric energy or heat energy. The water production rate per unit energy consumption is small. Existing solar-powered seawater or brackish water desalination systems generally require a large amount of additional electric energy for driving, which limits the promotion of solar-powered seawater or brackish water desalination technology.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于提供一种单一利用太阳能淡化海水或苦咸水的减压蒸馏装置与方法，该方法的装置结构简单，操作运行可靠，费用低，特别适合于阳光充足地区进行海水或苦咸水的淡化。The object of the present invention is to provide a vacuum distillation device and method for desalinating seawater or brackish water by using solar energy alone. desalination of water.

本发明是通过下述技术方案加以实现的。一种单一利用太阳能淡化海水或苦咸水的减压蒸馏装置，该装置包括：太阳能集热器，蒸发室，蒸发室外接海水或苦咸水液封水箱，蒸发室内设置太阳能换热管，冷凝室，冷凝室外接淡水液封水箱，冷凝室内设置冷凝管，冷却水箱。其特征在于：太阳能集热器的换热介质进出口与太阳能换热管两端相连形成环路，在蒸发室顶部和冷凝室顶部之间的联通管上设置隔离阀，在隔离阀的一侧的联通管上设置一支管与蒸发室连通，该支管上设置海水或苦咸水进水阀，隔离阀的另一侧的联通管上设置一支管与冷凝室连通，该支管上设置淡水进水阀，冷凝管的进出口与冷却水箱的上下开口相连，且在冷凝管与冷却水箱的下连接管上设置太阳能电池驱动泵，在蒸发室与海水或苦咸水液封水箱的相连管上设置海水或苦咸水液封阀，在冷凝室与淡水液封水箱的相连管上设置淡水液封阀。The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions. A vacuum distillation device for desalinating seawater or brackish water by using solar energy alone, the device includes: a solar heat collector, an evaporation chamber, a liquid-sealed water tank connected to seawater or brackish water outside the evaporation chamber, solar heat exchange tubes are arranged in the evaporation chamber, and condensing The condensing chamber is connected to the fresh water liquid-sealed water tank, and the condensing chamber is provided with a condensing pipe to cool the water tank. It is characterized in that: the inlet and outlet of the heat exchange medium of the solar heat collector are connected to both ends of the solar heat exchange tube to form a loop, and an isolation valve is set on the communication pipe between the top of the evaporation chamber and the top of the condensation chamber, and on one side of the isolation valve A pipe is set on the connecting pipe of the isolation valve to communicate with the evaporation chamber, and a seawater or brackish water inlet valve is set on the branch pipe, and a pipe is set on the connecting pipe on the other side of the isolation valve to communicate with the condensation chamber, and the fresh water inlet valve is set on the branch pipe Valve, the inlet and outlet of the condensing pipe are connected to the upper and lower openings of the cooling water tank, and a solar battery-driven pump is installed on the lower connecting pipe between the condensing pipe and the cooling water tank, and a solar battery-driven pump is installed on the connecting pipe between the evaporation chamber and the seawater or brackish water liquid seal water tank. The seawater or brackish water liquid seal valve is provided with a fresh water liquid seal valve on the connecting pipe between the condensation chamber and the fresh water liquid seal water tank.

采用上述装置单一利用太阳能淡化海水或苦咸水的减压蒸馏方法，其特征在于包括以下过程：The vacuum distillation method for desalinating seawater or brackish water by using the above-mentioned device alone is characterized in that it includes the following process:

1.关闭隔离阀、海水或苦咸水液封水箱的出水阀、淡水液封水箱的出水阀，打开海水或苦咸水进水阀、海水或苦咸水液封管道阀，向蒸发室和海水或苦咸水液封水箱中加入海水或苦咸水至满。关闭海水或苦咸水进水阀，打开海水或苦咸水液封水箱的出水阀，并使海水或苦咸水液封水箱的出水流量小于海水或苦咸水液封管道阀的出水流量，调节蒸发室内的液位高度使蒸发室达到相应的真空度。与此同时，打开淡水进水阀、淡水液封管道阀，向冷凝室和淡水液封水箱中加入淡水至满，关闭淡水进水阀，打开淡水液封水箱的出水阀，并使淡水液封水箱出水阀的出水流量要小于淡水液封管道阀门的出水流量，调节冷凝室内的液位高度使冷凝室达到相应的真空度，再打开隔离阀，使蒸发室和冷凝室保持相同的真空度，并使太阳能换热管浸于蒸发室的海水或苦咸水中。向冷却水箱中加入海水或苦咸水。1. Close the isolation valve, the outlet valve of the seawater or brackish water liquid-sealed water tank, and the outlet valve of the fresh water liquid-sealed water tank, open the seawater or brackish water inlet valve, the seawater or brackish-salt water liquid-sealed pipeline valve, and send water to the evaporation chamber and Add seawater or brackish water to full in the seawater or brackish water liquid-sealed water tank. Close the seawater or brackish water inlet valve, open the outlet valve of the seawater or brackish water liquid-sealed water tank, and make the outlet flow of seawater or brackish water liquid-sealed water tank less than the outlet flow of seawater or brackish water liquid-sealed pipeline valve, Adjust the liquid level in the evaporation chamber to make the evaporation chamber reach the corresponding vacuum degree. At the same time, open the fresh water inlet valve and the fresh water liquid seal pipeline valve, add fresh water to the condensation chamber and the fresh water liquid seal water tank until full, close the fresh water inlet valve, open the water outlet valve of the fresh water liquid seal water tank, and make the fresh water liquid seal The water flow rate of the outlet valve of the water tank should be smaller than that of the valve of the fresh water liquid-sealed pipeline. Adjust the liquid level in the condensation chamber to make the condensation chamber reach the corresponding vacuum degree, and then open the isolation valve to keep the same vacuum degree in the evaporation chamber and condensation chamber. And make the solar heat exchange tube immersed in seawater or brackish water in the evaporation chamber. Add seawater or brackish water to the cooling tank.

2.经太阳能集热器升温后的换热介质进入蒸发室内的太阳能换热管，加热蒸发室内的海水或苦咸水，当蒸发室内的海水或苦咸水温度升高到蒸发室真空条件对应的蒸发温度时，蒸发室内的海水或苦咸水蒸发汽化，水蒸汽进到冷凝室后，通过与置于冷凝室中的冷凝管中的海水或苦咸水换热后，水蒸汽在冷凝管外部冷凝成淡水。2. The heat exchange medium heated by the solar collector enters the solar heat exchange tube in the evaporation chamber to heat the seawater or brackish water in the evaporation chamber. When the temperature of the seawater or brackish water in the evaporation chamber rises to the vacuum condition of the evaporation chamber The seawater or brackish water in the evaporating chamber evaporates and vaporizes when the evaporating temperature is lower. After the water vapor enters the condensing chamber, after exchanging heat with the seawater or brackish water in the condensing pipe placed in the condensing chamber, the water vapor flows through the condensing pipe. The outside condenses into fresh water.

3.一定时间后，当蒸发室内的蒸气压达到对应温度的饱和蒸气压时，蒸发不再进行，打开海水或苦咸水进水阀，蒸发室的浓海水或浓苦咸水排入海水或苦咸水液封水箱。打开淡水进水阀，冷凝室中的淡水排入淡水液封水箱，完成一次海水或苦咸水淡化过程。3. After a certain period of time, when the vapor pressure in the evaporation chamber reaches the saturated vapor pressure of the corresponding temperature, the evaporation will no longer proceed. Open the seawater or brackish water inlet valve, and the concentrated seawater or concentrated brackish water in the evaporation chamber will be discharged into seawater or Brackish water liquid seal tank. Open the fresh water inlet valve, and the fresh water in the condensation chamber will be discharged into the fresh water liquid seal water tank to complete a seawater or brackish water desalination process.

4.重复步骤1、2、3的过程实现海水或苦咸水的多次淡化。4. Repeat steps 1, 2, and 3 to achieve multiple desalinations of seawater or brackish water.

本发明的优点在于：通过太阳能集热，利用有一定真空度的汽化室，实现太阳能的利用。由于设置了液封水箱，可以利用蒸发室和冷凝室的液位高度来自由调节蒸发室和冷凝室的真空度而不需要真空泵或喷射泵，不需要电力。在产生淡水的同时，还可以加热冷却水箱中的水，具有生产淡水和太阳能热水器的双重功能。该淡化装置和过程简单，操作运行可靠，除太阳能提供热量外，无其他能量消耗，特别适用于淡水、电能缺乏而海水、苦咸水、太阳能较丰富的地区。The invention has the advantages of realizing utilization of solar energy by collecting heat from solar energy and utilizing a vaporization chamber with a certain degree of vacuum. Since the liquid-sealed water tank is provided, the liquid level of the evaporation chamber and the condensation chamber can be used to freely adjust the vacuum degree of the evaporation chamber and the condensation chamber without a vacuum pump or a jet pump, and without electricity. While producing fresh water, it can also heat and cool the water in the water tank, which has dual functions of producing fresh water and solar water heater. The desalination device and process are simple, reliable in operation, and have no other energy consumption except for heat provided by solar energy, and are especially suitable for areas where fresh water and electric energy are lacking but seawater, brackish water, and solar energy are abundant.

附图说明：Description of drawings:

图1是本发明的装置结构框图。Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the device structure of the present invention.

图中，1为太阳能集热器，2为太阳能换热管，3为蒸发室，4为海水或苦咸水进水阀，5为隔离阀，6为淡水进水阀，7为冷却水箱，8为冷却水箱出水阀，9为太阳能电池驱动水泵，10为冷凝管，11为冷凝室，12为淡水液封管道阀，13为淡水液封水箱，14为淡水液封水箱出水阀，15为海水或苦咸水液封水箱出水阀，16为海水或苦咸水液封水箱，17为海水或苦咸水液封管道阀。In the figure, 1 is a solar collector, 2 is a solar heat exchange tube, 3 is an evaporation chamber, 4 is a seawater or brackish water inlet valve, 5 is an isolation valve, 6 is a fresh water inlet valve, 7 is a cooling water tank, 8 is the water outlet valve of the cooling water tank, 9 is the solar battery driven water pump, 10 is the condensation pipe, 11 is the condensation chamber, 12 is the fresh water liquid seal pipeline valve, 13 is the fresh water liquid seal water tank, 14 is the fresh water liquid seal water tank outlet valve, 15 is Seawater or brackish water liquid-sealed water tank outlet valve, 16 is seawater or brackish water liquid-sealed water tank, and 17 is seawater or brackish water liquid-sealed pipeline valve.

具体的实施方式：Specific implementation methods:

下面结合附图对本发明具体实施方式作进一步详细说明：图1是本发明单一利用太阳能淡化海水或苦咸水的减压蒸馏装置的装置结构框图。太阳能集热器1为平板型，型号为PGT/L2.0-J，集热面积为1m2，加热介质为海水或苦咸水。蒸发室和冷凝室的外形尺寸为：2500mm×600mm×9000mm。太阳能换热管的换热面积为1884cm2，冷凝管的换热面积为3768cm2。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention will be described in further detail: Fig. 1 is the device structural block diagram of the vacuum distillation device of single utilization solar energy desalination seawater or brackish water of the present invention. The solar heat collector 1 is a flat plate, the model is PGT/L2.0-J, the heat collecting area is 1m 2 , and the heating medium is sea water or brackish water. The dimensions of the evaporation chamber and condensation chamber are: 2500mm×600mm×9000mm. The heat exchange area of the solar heat exchange pipe is 1884cm 2 , and the heat exchange area of the condensation pipe is 3768cm 2 .

以上述装置进行海水淡化的过程如下：关闭隔离阀5、海水或苦咸水液封水箱出水阀15、淡水液封水箱出水阀14。打开海水或苦咸水进水阀4、海水或苦咸水液封管道阀17，向蒸发室3和海水或苦咸水液封水箱16中加入海水或苦咸水至满。关闭海水或苦咸水进水阀4，打开海水或苦咸水液封水箱出水阀15，调节该水阀使其出水流量要小于海水或苦咸水液封管道阀17的出水流量。调节蒸发室内的海水或苦咸水液面高度使蒸发室3形成真空，使蒸发室3的真空度达到0.085MPa。同时，打开淡水进水阀6和淡水液封管道阀12，向冷凝室11和淡水液封水箱13加入淡水，至满，关闭淡水进水阀6，打开淡水液封水箱出水阀14，调节该水阀使其出水流量小于淡水液封管道阀12的出水流量，调节冷凝室内的淡水液位高度使冷凝室11也形成真空，冷凝室11的真空度达到0.075MPa。打开隔离阀5，使蒸发室和冷凝室的真空度达到一致0.08MPa。关闭冷却水箱出水阀8，向冷却水箱7中加入海水或苦咸水，并打开太阳能电池驱动水泵9。The process of seawater desalination with the above-mentioned device is as follows: close the isolation valve 5, the outlet valve 15 of the seawater or brackish water liquid-sealed water tank, and the outlet valve 14 of the fresh water liquid-sealed water tank. Open seawater or brackish water inlet valve 4, seawater or brackish water liquid-sealed pipeline valve 17, add seawater or brackish water to full in the evaporation chamber 3 and seawater or brackish water liquid-sealed water tank 16. Close seawater or brackish water inlet valve 4, open seawater or brackish water liquid-sealed water tank outlet valve 15, adjust this water valve to make its outlet flow be less than the outlet flow of seawater or brackish water liquid-sealed pipeline valve 17. Adjust the height of the liquid level of seawater or brackish water in the evaporation chamber to form a vacuum in the evaporation chamber 3 so that the vacuum degree of the evaporation chamber 3 reaches 0.085 MPa. Simultaneously, open fresh water inlet valve 6 and fresh water liquid seal pipe valve 12, add fresh water to condensation chamber 11 and fresh water liquid seal water tank 13, to full, close fresh water inlet valve 6, open fresh water liquid seal water tank outlet valve 14, adjust the The water valve makes the water outlet flow less than the water outlet flow of the fresh water liquid-sealed pipeline valve 12, adjusts the fresh water liquid level height in the condensation chamber to make the condensation chamber 11 also form a vacuum, and the vacuum degree of the condensation chamber 11 reaches 0.075MPa. Open the isolation valve 5 to make the vacuum of the evaporation chamber and the condensation chamber reach the same 0.08MPa. Close the water outlet valve 8 of the cooling water tank, add seawater or brackish water into the cooling water tank 7, and turn on the solar cell-driven water pump 9.

当太阳能集热器1的换热介质海水或苦咸水吸收太阳能，温度提高，通过置于蒸发室3内的太阳能换热管2提升蒸发室3内海水或苦咸水温度，使温度达到蒸发器3内真空度所对应的饱和蒸汽温度(60℃)时，海水在蒸发室3中部分汽化，生产的蒸汽与在冷凝室11中冷凝管10内由太阳能电池驱动水泵进行循环的海水或苦咸水进行换热，在冷凝室内11中的冷凝管10表面冷凝，冷凝形成的淡水累积在冷凝室11中。当蒸发室内的蒸气压达到与蒸发室内海水或苦咸水温度相应的饱和蒸气压时，海水或苦咸水的蒸发停止。此时将蒸发室3内的浓海水或浓苦咸水排入海水或苦咸水密封水箱16中。冷凝室11中的淡水收集在淡水液封水箱13中。这样就完成了一次海水或苦咸水的淡化过程。利用集热面积为1m2太阳能集热板集热并提供热量，每次能产淡水4kg。每天至少可以进行四次海水或苦咸水的淡化过程，可产淡水达16kg。When the heat exchange medium seawater or brackish water of the solar collector 1 absorbs solar energy, the temperature increases, and the temperature of the seawater or brackish water in the evaporation chamber 3 is raised through the solar heat exchange tube 2 placed in the evaporation chamber 3, so that the temperature reaches evaporation At the saturated steam temperature (60°C) corresponding to the vacuum degree in the device 3, the seawater is partially vaporized in the evaporation chamber 3, and the steam produced is mixed with the seawater or bitterness circulated by the solar cell-driven water pump in the condensation pipe 10 in the condensation chamber 11. The salt water undergoes heat exchange, condenses on the surface of the condensation pipe 10 in the condensation chamber 11 , and the fresh water formed by condensation accumulates in the condensation chamber 11 . When the vapor pressure in the evaporation chamber reaches the saturated vapor pressure corresponding to the temperature of the seawater or brackish water in the evaporation chamber, the evaporation of seawater or brackish water stops. Now the thick seawater or the thick brackish water in the evaporation chamber 3 are discharged into the seawater or the brackish water sealed water tank 16 . The fresh water in the condensation chamber 11 is collected in the fresh water liquid sealed water tank 13 . This completes a desalination process of seawater or brackish water. Use the solar heat collector with a heat collection area of 1m 2 to collect heat and provide heat, and can produce 4kg of fresh water each time. The desalination process of seawater or brackish water can be carried out at least four times a day, and fresh water can be produced up to 16kg.

Claims (2)

1. a single utilization sun power desalinizes seawater or the vacuum distillation apparatus of brackish water, this device comprises: solar energy collector, evaporator room, external seawater of evaporator room or brackish water fluid-tight water tank, the solar heat-exchange pipe is set in the evaporator room, condensing chamber, the external fresh water fluid-tight of condensing chamber water tank, prolong is set in the condensing chamber, cooling water tank, it is characterized in that: the heat transferring medium import and export of solar energy collector link to each other with solar heat-exchange pipe two ends and form loop, on the closed tube between evaporator room top and the condensing chamber top, segregaion valve is set, on the closed tube of a side of segregaion valve an arm being set is communicated with evaporator room, seawater or brackish water water intaking valve are set on this arm, one arm is set on the closed tube of the opposite side of segregaion valve to be communicated with condensing chamber, the fresh water water intaking valve is set on this arm, the import and export of prolong link to each other with the upper and lower opening of cooling water tank, and on the following pipe connecting of prolong and cooling water tank, the solar cell driving pump is set, on the connecting leg mutually of evaporator room and seawater or brackish water fluid-tight water tank, seawater or brackish water fluid-tight pipeline valve are set, on the connecting leg mutually of condensing chamber and fresh water fluid-tight water tank, fresh water fluid-tight pipeline valve are set.
2. one kind is adopted the described device single utilization of claim 1 sun power to desalinize seawater or the vacuum distillation method of brackish water, it is characterized in that comprising following process:
1). close segregaion valve, the outlet valve of seawater or brackish water fluid-tight water tank, the outlet valve of fresh water fluid-tight water tank, open seawater or brackish water water intaking valve, seawater or brackish water fluid-tight pipeline valve, in evaporator room and seawater or brackish water fluid-tight water tank, add seawater or brackish water to full, close seawater or brackish water water intaking valve, open the outlet valve of seawater or brackish water fluid-tight water tank, and make the water flow of the water flow of seawater or brackish water fluid-tight water tank less than seawater or brackish water fluid-tight pipeline valve, the liquid level of regulating in the evaporator room makes evaporator room reach corresponding vacuum tightness, meanwhile, open the fresh water water intaking valve, fresh water fluid-tight pipeline valve, in condensing chamber and fresh water fluid-tight water tank, add fresh water to full, close the fresh water water intaking valve, open the outlet valve of fresh water fluid-tight water tank, and the water flow that makes fresh water fluid-tight water tank outlet valve is less than the water flow of fresh water fluid-tight pipeline valve, the liquid level of regulating in the condensing chamber makes condensing chamber reach corresponding vacuum tightness, open segregaion valve again, make evaporator room keep identical vacuum tightness with condensing chamber, and the solar heat-exchange pipe is dipped in the seawater or brackish water of evaporator room, in cooling water tank, add seawater or brackish water;
2). the heat transferring medium after solar energy collector heats up enters the solar heat-exchange pipe in the evaporator room, seawater that heating evaporation is indoor or brackish water, when the seawater in the evaporator room or brackish water temperature are elevated to the vaporization temperature of evaporator room vacuum condition correspondence, seawater or brackish water carburation by evaporation in the evaporator room, after water vapor enters condensing chamber, by with the seawater or brackish water heat exchange of the prolong that places condensing chamber after, water vapor becomes fresh water in the prolong external condensation;
3). behind the certain hour, when the vapour pressure in the evaporator room reaches the saturation vapour pressure of corresponding temperature, evaporation is no longer carried out, open seawater or brackish water water intaking valve, the concentrated seawater of evaporator room or dense brackish water enter seawater or brackish water fluid-tight water tank, open the fresh water water intaking valve, the fresh water in the condensing chamber enters fresh water fluid-tight water tank, finishes seawater or brackish water desalination process;
4). repeating step 1), 2), 3) process realize the repeatedly desalination of seawater or brackish water.
CN2009100676530A 2009-01-12 2009-01-12 Reduced pressure distillation device and method for desalting seawater or brackish water by singly utilizing solar energy Expired - Fee Related CN101475233B (en)

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