CN103271954A - Flavoniodes processing technology - Google Patents

Flavoniodes processing technology Download PDF

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CN103271954A
CN103271954A CN2013101951565A CN201310195156A CN103271954A CN 103271954 A CN103271954 A CN 103271954A CN 2013101951565 A CN2013101951565 A CN 2013101951565A CN 201310195156 A CN201310195156 A CN 201310195156A CN 103271954 A CN103271954 A CN 103271954A
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abelmoschi manihot
flos abelmoschi
drying
flavoniodes
water content
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应群芳
任燕
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Hangzhou Qiuben Plant Science & Technology Co Ltd
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Hangzhou Qiuben Plant Science & Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a flavoniodes processing technology which comprises the following steps of: (1) timely cleaning and selecting fresh picked flavoniodes; (2) loading the flavoniodes in the same day according to the loading amount of 2-8 kg/m2, and performing hot air drying treatment on the flavoniodes within 3 hours under the condition of setting the temperature at 60-80 DEG C and the wind speed of 2.0-3.0 m/s, regularly measuring the real-time mass of the material in a drying process, and calculating dry-basis water content until the water content of a sample is less than 12 percent, wherein the drying time is 3-6 hours; (3) detecting effective components, the water content, the total ash amount, acid non-soluble ash and extracts, and after the values reach set indexes, performing the step (4); and (4) packaging and storing the flavoniodes. By the processing technology for obtaining the flavoniodes, the drying time is short, and energy is saved; the sanitation degree is high; the limitation caused by the weather condition is avoided; the phenomena of difficult in harvesting and yield reduction are avoided; the original colors of fresh flowers are greatly retained; and the medicinal effects and the active components of the flavoniodes are well retained.

Description

The processing technique of Flos abelmoschi manihot
Technical field
The invention belongs to the processing technique of Chinese herbs field, be specifically related to a kind of dry processing technique of Chinese medicine Flos abelmoschi manihot.
Background technology
Flos abelmoschi manihot is the corolla (band stamen and style) of Malvaceae (Malvaceae) plant Abelmoschus manihot Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic..Nature and flavor are sweet, cold, sliding, nontoxic, have eliminating damp-heat, the effect of eliminating inflammation and expelling toxin, five types of stranguria, edema, the nephritis of curing mainly for oral administration; The external treatment swollen ulcer drug, burn due to hot liquid or fire.
Flos abelmoschi manihot mainly contains chemical compounds such as flavonoid, recuding sugars, tannins and generate longer-chain hydrocarbons, as bark element-3-Flos Robiniae Pseudoacaciae glucoside (quercetin-3-robinobioside), Quercetin-3-glycoside (quercetin-3-glucoside), hyperin (hyperin), ampelopsin (myricetin) and Quercetin (quercetin) etc.Flos abelmoschi manihot is recorded in " the good book on Chinese herbal medicine of helping ", widely distributed, aboundresources the earliest.
Compendium of Material Medica record: its flower abnormal smells from the patient is sweet, cold, sliding, nontoxic, cures mainly urine leaching and expedites the emergence of, and controls all malignant boil pus person that is not recovered for a long time, and that does that the end applies namely heals, and is persons particularly liable to develop skin infection's key medicine, and the cellulitis that disappears swells, and immersion oil is coated with burn etc.
Record in 2010 editions first one of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China: many shrinkages of dried floral fragmentation of Flos abelmoschi manihot, petal is the wealthy obovate of triangular shape, long 7-10cm, wide 7-12cm, there is vertical vein on the surface, is radial, light brown, the edge is shallow wavy; Inner face base portion puce.The stamen majority is unified into tubulose, long 1.5-2.5cm, the nearly stockless of flower pesticide.The stigma atropurpureus, spoon shape dish type, 5 split.Feeble QI perfume (or spice), slightly sweet flavor.
Modern pharmacology studies show that the flavones ingredient of Flos abelmoschi manihot has protection cerebral ischemia, myocardial ischemia, eliminates sodium retention, improves effects such as renal function and reparation stomatocace.In recent years, along with a series of researchs that Flos abelmoschi manihot chemical constituent, extracting method, assay and pharmacological action etc. are carried out, the potential exploitation of Flos abelmoschi manihot is worth day by day and embodies.
The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2010 editions requires to pluck when Flos abelmoschi manihot Ying Zaixia, autumn, two seasons, the flowers are in blossom, needs in time dry after fresh Flos abelmoschi manihot is gathered.Fresh Flos abelmoschi manihot moisture content is about 90%, and for keeping its freshness and effective ingredient, it is drying to pass through drying means at short notice.Drying is an extremely important step, is a key factor that influences its quality, because appropriate drying not only is conducive to the storage of Flos abelmoschi manihot, more is conducive to give full play to its curative effect, prevents from reducing medicine usefulness.Chinese crude drug is as the raw material of various Chinese patent medicines, and its quality is particularly important.
The drying of Flos abelmoschi manihot, essence are the processes that dynamic change takes place for moisture, heat, effective ingredient three, influence each other between the three, mutual restriction, reach the state of a relative equilibrium then.Therefore, in R﹠D process, except considering baking temperature, drying time, ambient humidity, air velocity, useful load, content of microorganisms, bioactive ingredients etc., also should pay close attention to the dynamic changing process under these factor affecting, by a large amount of experimental datas, influence Flos abelmoschi manihot hot air drying characteristic, the factor that at utmost keeps the Flos abelmoschi manihot effective ingredient mainly contains hot blast temperature, wind speed, useful load, preprocess method etc., sets up the Flos abelmoschi manihot drying model of science.By foundation and the prediction of model, find out the optimum combination between constellation, make moisture, heat, effective ingredient three reach optimum balance state and drying effect.
Traditional Flos abelmoschi manihot drying is to adopt modes such as natural drying or drying room oven dry, and the natural drying cost is low, but is subjected to such environmental effects big, and product quality can not get guaranteeing.The drying room oven dry also exists dry rate slow, and particularly enzyme is active under the high humidity, and drying time is long bigger to flower quality destruction.All there are some shortcomings in the Flos abelmoschi manihot dry product that these methods make, as: drying time is long; Sanitation degree is poor; Loss of effective components degree height; Color and luster brown stain or coking; The profile shrinkage, broken etc.
The subject matter that current China Chinese medicine industry faces, as Chinese medicine curative effect problem, quality standard problem and safety issue, its source all is the quality problems of Chinese crude drug, particularly advocates today that Chinese medical theory instructs the Chinese medicine development, and the quality problems of controlling Chinese crude drug from the source seem particularly important.Outside the Pass having with the place of production, collecting time etc., drying is an important factors that influences the Chinese crude drug quality, and dry quality will directly influence use, quality and the outward appearance of product.
Summary of the invention
The processing technique that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of Flos abelmoschi manihot; it has farthest kept the effective ingredient of Flos abelmoschi manihot; improved drying efficiency; reduced production cost; and obtain high-quality dry product Flos abelmoschi manihot; the drying scientific basis that provides of Flos abelmoschi manihot scale is provided, provides convenience for people produce, use the Flos abelmoschi manihot medical material.
The present invention with the content of the content of the Flos abelmoschi manihot index composition hyperin of 2010 editions requirements of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and moisture as quality control index, take all factors into consideration the baking temperature of Flos abelmoschi manihot, drying time, ambient humidity, air velocity, content of microorganisms, biological activitys etc. are all multifactor, by a large amount of experimental datas, select hot blast temperature, wind speed, useful loads etc. are as the principal element that influences its drying property, find out the optimum combination between constellation, make moisture, heat, the effective ingredient three reaches the optimum balance state, and then reach best drying effect, set up the processing technique of Flos abelmoschi manihot hot air drying.
The present invention takes following technical scheme:
The processing technique of Flos abelmoschi manihot comprises operations such as the cleaning of Flos abelmoschi manihot, loading, hot air drying, quality testing, packing storage, and concrete steps are as described below:
1) cleans: spend at summer, Qiu Liangji (August~October) and pluck fresh Flos abelmoschi manihot when blooming; The petal of removing impurity the same day and rotting.
2) same day drying: loaded the Flos abelmoschi manihot of gathering the same day, and useful load is 2~8kg/m 2, and after Flos abelmoschi manihot (since the 1st) step of plucking the same day plucked) within 3 hours, carry out hot air drying and handle, temperature is set is 60 ℃~80 ℃, wind speed is 2.0~3.0m/s; Regularly measure the real-time quality of material in the dry run, calculate moisture content of drying base, until the sample moisture content less than 12%, 3 hours~6 hours drying time.
In the dry run of Flos abelmoschi manihot, under the condition of fix at wind speed, useful load is fixing, when temperature raise, the water evaporates speed of material inside will be accelerated, and shortened drying time.Self-desiccation initially reaches peak value to dry rate, and the heat part of Flos abelmoschi manihot absorption during this period of time is used for the intensification of itself, and a part is for water evaporates.The water evaporation quantity of this stage material reaches peak value very soon, and the moisture of Flos abelmoschi manihot petal surface evaporates rapidly.After the most of moisture evaporation on surface, and internal moisture has little time to be diffused into the surface, will cause dry rate to descend, when drying proceeds to certain phase, because Flos abelmoschi manihot itself shrinks, intercellular substance diminishes, and adds the surface and has formed the very thin shell of one deck, make the evaporation resistance of moisture strengthen, dry rate constantly reduces.Temperature is more high, and dehydration is more fast, and the time that reaches identical water content is more short.Temperature is low excessively, and the enzyme effect is energetic, and the brown stain of flower is remarkable, under the situation of guaranteed quality, should dewater as early as possible, be conducive to keep the good colour of flower, but baking temperature be too high, spends frangible, also easily cause the burnt change of color and luster, effective ingredient destroys more, and baking temperature should be chosen in 60 ℃~80 ℃ scopes.
Under the certain situation of temperature and useful load, wind speed is more big, and dry rate is more big, and it is just more short that Flos abelmoschi manihot reaches the used time of safe moisture.When wind speed changed, evaporation capacity also can change thereupon.Wind speed is more high, and evaporation capacity is more big, and it is just more short to reach the used time of safe moisture.So, in dry run, suitably improve the drying that wind speed can be accelerated material, shorten drying time.Therefore, dry wind speed is arranged on 2.0~3.0m/s.
Under the fixing situation of wind speed and temperature, useful load difference, rate-of-loss of coolant are also different, and it is just different that material reaches the used time of safe moisture.When the loading quantitative change was big, rate-of-loss of coolant diminished accordingly, reached the used time lengthening of safe moisture.This be because, useful load is more big, the layer thickness of material is just more big, the contact area of Flos abelmoschi manihot and hot blast diminishes, volume drying speed has just reduced.When the loading quantitative change was big, the dry rate of material will reduce.Therefore, the present invention is through a large amount of experiment screenings, and useful load is set to 6~8kg/m 2
3) detect effective ingredient, water content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and extractum: by dry product, contain hyperin and reach 0.50%~1.0%; Water content is lower than 12.0%; Total ash is lower than 8.0%; Acid-insoluble ash is lower than 2.0%; Extractum is greater than 18.0%.After reaching These parameters, carry out the 4th) step.
4) packing, storage: dried Flos abelmoschi manihot is in time packed, in order to avoid the material suction is made moist.Shady and cool airtight storage.
Utilize processing technique of the present invention to obtain Flos abelmoschi manihot, its drying time is short, energy savings; The sanitation degree height is not limited by weather condition, the but underproduction of difficult good harvest; The former coloured pool that has kept fresh flower more; The drug effect and the active component that have kept Flos abelmoschi manihot more; Market prospect with Guan Kuo, plantation peasant household and businessman also can obtain good economic benefit.
Through the Flos abelmoschi manihot of the present invention's processing, can preserve the active ingredient of former medicine to greatest extent.After testing, the content of its main component hyperin (hyperin) of the Flos abelmoschi manihot that processing technique of the present invention makes is for O.50%~1.0%, apparently higher than the active constituent content regulation of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2010 editions.Water content is lower than 12.0%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the drying curve figure of Flos abelmoschi manihot under the different temperatures.
Fig. 2 is the rate of drying curve figure of Flos abelmoschi manihot under the different temperatures.
Fig. 3 is the drying curve figure of Flos abelmoschi manihot under the different wind speed.
Fig. 4 is the rate of drying curve figure of Flos abelmoschi manihot under the different wind speed.
Fig. 5 is the drying curve figure of Flos abelmoschi manihot under the different useful loads.
Fig. 6 is the rate of drying curve figure of Flos abelmoschi manihot under the different useful loads.
The specific embodiment
Below the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.
In order to seek hot blast temperature, wind speed, useful load to the influence of Flos abelmoschi manihot drying property, according to selected factor level, carry out a large amount of single factors tests.
(1) fixedly wind speed is that 2.5m/s, useful load are 5kg/m 2, adopting 6O ℃ respectively, 7O ℃, 8O ℃ hot blast temperature carries out the hot air drying test of Flos abelmoschi manihot, to obtain drying curve and the rate of drying curve of Flos abelmoschi manihot under the different temperatures;
(2) fixed temperature is that 6O ℃, useful load are 5kg/m 2, adopting 3.0m/s respectively, 2.5m/s, the wind speed of 2.0m/s carry out the hot air drying test of Flos abelmoschi manihot, obtain drying curve and the rate of drying curve of Flos abelmoschi manihot under the different wind speed;
(3) fixed temperature is that 6O ℃, wind speed are 2.5m/s, adopts 2kg/m respectively 2, 4kg/m 2, 8kg/m 2Useful load carry out the hot air drying test of Flos abelmoschi manihot, obtain drying curve and the rate of drying curve of Flos abelmoschi manihot when useful load changes.
Every the real-time quality of 15min or 30min measurement material, calculate moisture content of drying base, till material reaches safe moisture content in the dry run.Every group is repeated twice, averages.
Testing index and computational methods thereof
(1) initial wet assay: the Flos abelmoschi manihot that contains under the wet condition is weighed, put into the baking oven that has automatic temperature control system then, after temperature was l00~105 ℃ bakings 12 hours continuously down, treats that weight almost no longer changes, gained weight was thought and is the over dry substance weight; Calculate the water content y of Flos abelmoschi manihot according to the weight that subtracts mistake 0Water content
Figure BDA00003229623500061
Water content
Figure BDA00003229623500062
Initial moisture content of drying base Moisture content of drying base
Figure BDA00003229623500064
(y 0Initial water content, y iWater content, X 0Initial moisture content of drying base; m 0Flos abelmoschi manihot contain the wet condition initial mass; X iMoisture content of drying base, g/g; m tThe real-time quality of Flos abelmoschi manihot, g; m gThe quality of Flos abelmoschi manihot over dry material, g)
(2) dry rate
Figure BDA00003229623500065
(V tDry rate, g/ (gmin); X tFlos abelmoschi manihot is at t moisture content of drying base constantly, g/g; X T-1Flos abelmoschi manihot is at t-1 moisture content of drying base constantly, g/g; The t-1 moment and t interval constantly, min)
(3) speed and temperature survey: DEY-IV type numeral anemometer measuring wind, the temperature of thermometer measure room temperature and heating back air.
(4) measurement of weight in the dry run: measure with the BL31 electronic analytical balance.
Embodiment 1
Spend at summer, Qiu Liangji (August~October) and to pluck fresh Flos abelmoschi manihot when in full bloom; The petal of removing impurity the same day and rotting; It is 60 ℃ that temperature is set; Wind speed is that 2.5m/s, useful load are 6kg/m 2The Flos abelmoschi manihot plucked the same day is carried out hot air drying plucking in 3 hours, regularly measured the real-time quality of material in the dry run about 6 hours of drying time, calculate moisture content of drying base, until the Flos abelmoschi manihot moisture content less than 12%.
Embodiment 2
Spend at summer, Qiu Liangji (August~October) and to pluck fresh Flos abelmoschi manihot when in full bloom; The petal of removing impurity the same day and rotting; It is 80 ℃ that temperature is set; Wind speed is that 2.5m/s, useful load are 6kg/m 2The Flos abelmoschi manihot plucked the same day is carried out hot air drying plucking in 3 hours, regularly measured the real-time quality of material in the dry run about 3.5 hours of drying time, calculate moisture content of drying base, until the Flos abelmoschi manihot moisture content less than 12%.
Embodiment 3
Spend at summer, Qiu Liangji (August~October) and to pluck fresh Flos abelmoschi manihot when in full bloom; The petal of removing impurity the same day and rotting; It is 80 ℃ that temperature is set; Wind speed is that 2.5m/s, useful load are 4kg/m 2The Flos abelmoschi manihot plucked the same day is carried out hot air drying plucking in 3 hours, regularly measured the real-time quality of material in the dry run about 3.0 hours of drying time, calculate moisture content of drying base, until the Flos abelmoschi manihot moisture content less than 12%.
The various embodiments described above can adopt existing equipments such as GZ one 1 type drying devices, DEY-IV type numeral anemometer equipment, BL31 electronic analytical balance.
Bai Kang pharmaceutcal corporation, Ltd institute of materia medica, Zhejiang is detected effective ingredient and water content by high performance liquid chromatography according to 2010 editions one one of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.See for details as follows.
1, effective ingredient detection method
Chromatographic condition and system suitability test are filler with the octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica; So that acetonitrile-O.1% phosphoric acid solution (15:85) is mobile phase; The detection wavelength is 360nm.Number of theoretical plate calculates by the hyperin peak should be not less than 10000.
It is an amount of that the hyperin reference substance is got in the preparation of reference substance solution, accurate claims surely, adds methanol and make every 1m1 and contain O.1mg solution, namely.
The preparation of need testing solution is got this product powder (cross No. four sieve) approximately O.2g, accurately claims surely, puts in the 25ml measuring bottle, adds methanol 15m1, and supersound process (power 250W, frequency 30kHz) 30 minutes is put coldly, adds methanol to scale, shakes up, and filters, and gets subsequent filtrate, namely.
Algoscopy is accurate reference substance solution and each 10 μ l of need testing solution of drawing respectively, injects chromatograph of liquid, measures, namely.
2, moisture determination method
Get test sample 2~5g, be tiled in the flat weighing botle that is dried to constant weight, thickness is no more than 5mm; Loose test sample is no more than 10mm; Accurate claim surely, open bottle cap 100~105 ℃ of dryings 5 hours, bottle cap is built, in the dislocation exsiccator, cool off 30 minutes, accurately claim surely, dry 1 hour of said temperature, cooling was weighed again, and extremely double difference of weighing is no more than till the 5mg.According to the weight that subtracts mistake, calculate water content (%) in the test sample.
3, preferred embodiment is carried out the mensuration log of effective ingredient, water content:
Flos abelmoschi manihot hot air drying embodiment table
Figure BDA00003229623500081
4, the drying curve illustrated example in the Flos abelmoschi manihot implementation process (seeing accompanying drawing 1-6).
From testing result as can be known, the Flos abelmoschi manihot that processing technique of the present invention makes, the content of its main component hyperin (hyperin) is higher than the active constituent content regulation of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2010 editions for O.50%~1.0%; Moisture is lower than the regulation of 2010 editions moistures of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.
The hot air drying technology that the present invention adopts parameters such as rational temperature, wind speed, useful load to implement prepares the dry product Flos abelmoschi manihot, and the Flos abelmoschi manihot dry product that makes has following characteristics: drying time is short, energy savings; The sanitation degree height is not limited by weather condition, can not produce high yield (but because the processing worker is also improper) and the phenomenon of the reduction of income; The former coloured pool that has more kept fresh flower; The drug effect and the active component that have kept Flos abelmoschi manihot more; Substantially original outward appearance and character have been kept.Hot air drying Flos abelmoschi manihot technology of the present invention has vast market prospect, also brings good economic benefit for planting peasant household and businessman.
The drying of Chinese medicine is pharmaceutically occupied very consequence in motherland, we can say the quality of Chinese medicine drying, directly the effect of influence treatment disease.Chinese medicine Flos abelmoschi manihot hot air drying technology of the present invention to keeping drug effect and active component thereof, is saved natural resources of Chinese medicinal materials, promotes the modernization of Chinese medicine, for new road has been opened up in the development of traditional Chinese medicine.
More than the preferred embodiments of the present invention are had been described in detail, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought provided by the invention, the part that on the specific embodiment, can change, and these changes also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. the processing technique of Flos abelmoschi manihot, it carries out as follows:
1) Flos abelmoschi manihot to fresh harvesting in time cleans;
2) same day Flos abelmoschi manihot is loaded, useful load is 2~8kg/m 2, and within 3 hours, to carry out hot air drying and handle, temperature is set is 60~80 ℃, wind speed is 2.0~3.0m/s; Regularly measure the real-time quality of material in the dry run, calculate moisture content of drying base, until the sample moisture content less than 12%, 3~6 hours drying times;
3) detect effective ingredient, water content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and extractum, after the index that reaches setting, carry out step 4);
4) packing, storage.
2. the processing technique of Flos abelmoschi manihot according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 3), described index, by the dry product of Flos abelmoschi manihot, contain effective composition and be that hyperin 0.50%~1.0%, water content are lower than 12.0%, total ash is lower than 8.0%, acid-insoluble ash is lower than 2.0%, extractum is greater than 18.0%.
CN2013101951565A 2013-05-22 2013-05-22 Flavoniodes processing technology Pending CN103271954A (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103727777A (en) * 2013-12-03 2014-04-16 天津大学 Drying process for green bean seeds
CN104522792A (en) * 2014-11-28 2015-04-22 太和县宝丰润中药材种植专业合作社 Sunset abelmoschus flower beverage
CN104697294A (en) * 2015-03-03 2015-06-10 李丽芬 Drying method of chrysanthemum
CN105361175A (en) * 2015-09-24 2016-03-02 浙江秀地生物科技有限公司 Method for preparing okra and ginseng composite nutritive buccal tablets
CN105972943A (en) * 2016-05-03 2016-09-28 江苏苏中药业集团股份有限公司 Processing method for large-batch continuous drying of flower of abelmoschus manihot
WO2016101932A3 (en) * 2016-01-28 2016-10-20 王亚伦 Abelmoschus manihot flower product
WO2016101931A3 (en) * 2016-01-28 2016-11-03 王亚伦 High potency collection and processing solution for abelmoschus manihot flower crude drug
CN107049874A (en) * 2017-05-23 2017-08-18 许备占 Sunset abelmoschus flower mouthwash

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
国家药典委员会: "《中华人民共和国药典2010年版第一部》", 31 December 2010, 中国医药科技出版社 *
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103727777A (en) * 2013-12-03 2014-04-16 天津大学 Drying process for green bean seeds
CN103727777B (en) * 2013-12-03 2015-12-09 天津大学 A kind of drying process of green soya bean seed
CN104522792A (en) * 2014-11-28 2015-04-22 太和县宝丰润中药材种植专业合作社 Sunset abelmoschus flower beverage
CN104697294A (en) * 2015-03-03 2015-06-10 李丽芬 Drying method of chrysanthemum
CN105361175A (en) * 2015-09-24 2016-03-02 浙江秀地生物科技有限公司 Method for preparing okra and ginseng composite nutritive buccal tablets
CN105361175B (en) * 2015-09-24 2017-10-27 浙江秀地生物科技有限公司 A kind of preparation method of okra and ginseng compound nutritional lozenge
WO2016101932A3 (en) * 2016-01-28 2016-10-20 王亚伦 Abelmoschus manihot flower product
WO2016101931A3 (en) * 2016-01-28 2016-11-03 王亚伦 High potency collection and processing solution for abelmoschus manihot flower crude drug
CN105972943A (en) * 2016-05-03 2016-09-28 江苏苏中药业集团股份有限公司 Processing method for large-batch continuous drying of flower of abelmoschus manihot
CN107049874A (en) * 2017-05-23 2017-08-18 许备占 Sunset abelmoschus flower mouthwash

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Application publication date: 20130904