CN103591772B - Method for processing Abelmoschus manihot - Google Patents
Method for processing Abelmoschus manihot Download PDFInfo
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- CN103591772B CN103591772B CN201310561294.0A CN201310561294A CN103591772B CN 103591772 B CN103591772 B CN 103591772B CN 201310561294 A CN201310561294 A CN 201310561294A CN 103591772 B CN103591772 B CN 103591772B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for processing Abelmoschus manihot. The method includes the steps that sorting is carried out; the Abelmoschus manihot is placed into a tray; the temperature is lowered gradually till the temperature is lower than the eutectic point temperature of the Abelmoschus manihot, and the Abelmoschus manihot is frozen for 6-10h at the temperature of -35DEG C to -40DEG C; vacuuming is carried out when the temperature reaches -40DEG C, and heating is carried out when the vacuum degree reaches 200-260Pa; the first step of heating is carried out, specially, the temperature is raised to -25DEG C from -40DEG C in 2h and kept for 1h when reaching -25DEG C, the temperature is raised to -10DEG C from -25DEG C in 2h and kept for 1h when reaching -10DEG C, the temperature is raised to 5DEG C from -10DEG C in 2h and kept for 1h when reaching 5DEG C, the temperature is raised to 20DEG C from 5DEG C in 2h and kept for 1h when reaching 20DEG C, the temperature is raised to 35DEG C from 20DEG C in 2h and kept for 1h when reaching 35DEG C, and the temperature is raised to 40DEG C from 35DEG C in 2h and kept for 1h when reaching 40DEG C; the second step of heating is carried out, specially, the temperature is kept ranging from 35DEG C to 40DEG C, and processed Abelmoschus manihot is discharged when the water content is less than 3%. An Abelmoschus manihot medicinal material prepared through the method has essential characteristics of fresh medicine, can keep medicinal properties of fresh traditional Chinese medicine for a long time, and is convenient to store and transport and suitable for industrial production and clinical use, and pharmaceutical effects can be guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese medicine processing technique field, specifically the drying and processing method of Chinese medicine sunset abelmoschus flower.
Background technology
Sunset abelmoschus flower is the corolla (band stamen and style) of Malvaceae (Malvaceae) plant Sunset Abelmoschus Root Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic..Record in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2010 editions first: the many shrinkages of dried floral of sunset abelmoschus flower are broken, and petal is the wealthy obovate of triangular shape, long 7-10cm, wide 7-12cm, and there is longitudinal vein on surface, radially, light brown, edge is shallow wavy; Inner face base portion puce.Stamen is most, is unified into tubulose, long 1.5-2.5cm, the nearly stockless of flower pesticide.Column cap atropurpureus, spoon-shaped dish type, 5 split.The micro-perfume (or spice) of gas, slightly sweet flavor.Pluck when summer, autumn two, season, the flowers are in blossom, fresh sunset abelmoschus flower needs timely drying after gathering.
Sunset abelmoschus flower mainly containing compounds such as flavonoids, recuding sugars, tannins and generate longer-chain hydrocarbons, mainly concentrates on Flos abelmoschi manihot total flavones (Total flavone of A, TFA) and monomer whose to the research of chemical composition at present.In recent years the research of the chemical composition beyond sunset abelmoschus flower flavonoids and Active regenerator is also reported to some extent.By experiment system research is carried out to the chemical composition of sunset abelmoschus flower, through pillar layer separation, liquid chromatogram one mass spectrometry analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrography analysis, obtain myricetin (myricetin, 1), Hyperoside (hyperin, 2), Quercetin (quercetin, 3), Quercetin-3 '-beta-glucosidase (quercetin-3' β-glucoside, 4), hibiscitrin (hibiscetin-3-O-glucoside, 5), myricetin-3-glucoside (myricetin-3-O-glucoside, 6) 6 flavone compounds and tetradecanoic acid (the te tradecanoic acid such as, 7), hexadecane (hexadecane, 8) 11 volatile ingredients such as.Modern pharmacology experiment proves, it has certain preventive and therapeutic effect to nephrotic syndrome, arthritis, reparation stomatocace and angiocardiopathy etc.
Drying keeps one of unlikely putrid and deteriorated method of material.Dry method has many, the most traditional be also use maximum normally to dry, oven dry etc.But these drying means are all carry out at more than 0 DEG C or higher temperature.The product of traditional drying gained, be generally that volume-diminished, quality are hardening, some material there occurs oxidation, some volatile composition major parts can lose, can there is sex change in the material of some thermal sensitivity, microbes loses biologos, and dried material not easily dissolves in water.
The temperature that the bioactivator contained in sunset abelmoschus flower fresh flower and volatile ingredient run into more than 40 DEG C has loss in various degree, and drying can be rotted very soon not in time, must process in time.Be not suitable for based on sunset abelmoschus flower that heat drying is rotten very soon again to rot, seek at utmost to retain the process technology that active ingredient and active material again can be fresh-keeping, have very important significance, be also a difficult problem of pendulum in sunset abelmoschus flower processing of crude drugs simultaneously.
Review the origin of human medical, can affirm that the mankind apply to disease preventing and treating the earliest, ensure that healthy medicine is the fresh and alive plant that nature grows, be exactly people's said " fresh medicines ".Fresh medicine generally refers to the fresh Chinese herbal medicine of the class with therapeutic efficiency or health-care effect.General fresh medicine is in drying process, and the kind of chemical composition and content significant change can occur, and especially volatile ingredient all has with oxidizable or labile composition the loss that degree is different.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above that prior art exists, the invention provides a kind of processing method of Chinese medicine sunset abelmoschus flower, this processing method adopts and reasonably configures parameters such as time, temperature, vacuums, find out optimum combination, make aridity, both active ingredient reaches optimum balance state and drying effect, the quality deterioration reaction such as avoid the active ingredient oxidation, the volatile oil that occur in conventional heat dry run and other heat-sensitive substances are destroyed; And due to the reduction of chemical reaction velocity under low temperature and the passivation of enzyme, the browning phenomenon caused by enzyme and amino acid is not almost had in freezing dry process, thus make the drug effect of sunset abelmoschus flower and active component obtain maximum reservation, and make the water content of dry medicinal material be significantly less than the water content of traditional sunset abelmoschus flower medicinal material, effectively stop the degraded of active ingredient in storage process.
Utilize the sunset abelmoschus flower medicinal material that processing method of the present invention obtains, both there is the essential characteristic of fresh medicine, the property feature of fresh Chinese medicine can have been preserved for long periods, ensured drug effect, be convenient to again storage, transport and be suitable for suitability for industrialized production and Clinical practice, there are good use value and wide market prospects.
The present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of processing method of Chinese medicine sunset abelmoschus flower, comprise that sunset abelmoschus flower cleans, (after cleaning, can dis-medicinal part be removed), sabot, pre-freeze, vacuumize, the first step is heated, second step is heated, pack and store, concrete steps are as described below:
1) clean: pluck fresh sunset abelmoschus flower at summer, Qiu Liangji (August ~ October) when spending in full bloom; Removed impurity and rotten petal the same day; (preferred, can dis-medicinal part be removed after cleaning: main anthocaulus and the calyx extracing sunset abelmoschus flower; )
2) sabot: put into the backing dish adapted with freeze drying box flaggy size, pave;
3) pre-freeze: sunset abelmoschus flower is carried out Sheng dish, Sheng dish weight is 6 ~ 7kg/m
2, thickness is 2 ~ 3cm, lowers the temperature gradually 2 ~ 3 hours until the temperature of product is lower than the temperature of sunset abelmoschus flower eutectic point or eutectic point, carries out freezing 6 ~ 10 hours at-35 DEG C ~-40 DEG C;
Sunset abelmoschus flower is electrical resistance variations in temperature when frozen cooling, and along with the decline resistance variations of temperature is very little, when temperature is down to-20 ~-30 DEG C, resistance change trend increases obvious.In freezing early stage, sunset abelmoschus flower inside has a large amount of moisture to exist, and has more charged ion can move freely, and along with the decline of temperature, the moisture of sunset abelmoschus flower inside changes ice crystal mostly into, after temperature is down to-30 DEG C, sunset abelmoschus flower bulk freezing, resistance value will increase suddenly.So the eutectic temperature scope of sunset abelmoschus flower is-20 ~-30 DEG C.In practice process, general pre-freezing temperature should be lower than eutectic temperature 5 ~ 10 DEG C.Therefore, in conjunction with pre-freeze equipment requirement, determine that pre-freezing temperature is-35 DEG C ~-40 DEG C.
4) vacuumize: vacuumize when the temperature of condenser reaches-40 DEG C, after vacuum reaches 200 ~ 260Pa, heat;
5) first step is heated :-40 DEG C ~-25 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h;-25 DEG C ~-10 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h;-10 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h; 5 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time lh; 20 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h; 35 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h;
Along with the carrying out of dry run, in sunset abelmoschus flower, ice crystal fades away, and original space occupied by ice crystal becomes hole.Now, if temperature is higher and reach certain critical value, its rigidity is caused to be not enough to maintain total, drying layer will subside, and subside once occur, diffusion of vapor passage will be closed, in hole, steam pressure raises, and the temperature at distillation interface also will increase.When temperature rises to the eutectic point of material, frozen crust starts to melt.Therefore, the heat at first step heating hand-held supply distillation interface should be substantially equal with the heat needed for distillation, and to reduce drying chamber pressure, minimizing steam flow, prevents drying layer from subsiding and frozen crust melts.By continuous assay optimization, grope heating mode.Along with the carrying out of dry run, thing section temperature rises gradually, moisture carburation by evaporation, if temperature of charge exceedes certain limiting value, in sunset abelmoschus flower, heat-sensitive ingredients thermal decomposition will occur, and active ingredient is fissioned, and quality reduces.
(note :-40 DEG C ~-25 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h refer to and make temperature controller index be warmed up to-25 DEG C from-40 DEG C with 2 hours, then adjustment heat make temperature controller index maintain-25 DEG C 1 hour.Below intensification and retention process are therewith in like manner.)
6) second step is heated: keep temperature of charge at 35 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C, retain 4 ~ 6 hours, discharging after making moisture content reach less than 3%.
Moisture content to terminate index as drying, before Chinese herbal medicine material reaches thermal denaturation temperature, stops heating.Suitable water content is conducive to the preservation of dry products, often adopts the nearly method of pressure rise measurement, temperature trend or weight method to measure moisture content in practical operation.
Dried sunset abelmoschus flower is packaged in constant temperature dehumidification workshop to carry out, in order to avoid material water suction is made moist.Shady and cool sealed storage.
Sunset abelmoschus flower after drying makes the prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs, can brew and takes by single, also can form compound compatibility together with other prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs with the boiling water of about 60 degree.
Utilize the sunset abelmoschus flower medicinal material that processing technology of the present invention obtains, both there is the essential characteristic of fresh medicine, the property feature of fresh Chinese medicine can be preserved for a long time, ensure drug effect, be convenient to again storage, transport and be suitable for suitability for industrialized production and Clinical practice, effectively can also stop the degraded of active ingredient in storage process, there are good use value and wide market prospects.
Through the sunset abelmoschus flower medicinal material of the present invention's processing, avoid the quality deterioration reactions such as the active ingredient oxidation, volatile oil and other heat-sensitive substances that occur in conventional heat dry run be destroyed; And due to the reduction of chemical reaction velocity under low temperature and the passivation of enzyme, in freezing dry process, almost there is no the browning phenomenon caused by enzyme and amino acid, thus ensure the dried drug effect of sunset abelmoschus flower and quality.Sunset abelmoschus flower after processing is no matter in profile or volume, all very nearly the same with fresh medicinal material.
After testing, the sunset abelmoschus flower that processing technology of the present invention obtains measures according to the cold-maceration (pharmacopeia annex X A) under ethanol soluble extractives determination method item, makees solvent, be greater than 18.0% with ethanol.Moisture inspection measures with reference to pharmacopeia annex VI H first method and is less than 8.0%.Measuring sunset abelmoschus flower according to high performance liquid chromatography (pharmacopeia annex VI D), take octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica as filler; With second eyeball-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (15:85) for mobile phase; Determined wavelength is 360nm; Number of theoretical plate calculates by Hyperoside peak and is greater than 10000; Get Hyperoside reference substance appropriate, accurately weighed, add methyl alcohol and make the solution of every 1ml containing 0.1mg, obtain reference substance solution; Get sunset abelmoschus flower powder (crossing No. four sieves) 0.2g, accurately weighed, put in 25ml measuring bottle, add methyl alcohol and be about 15ml, ultrasonic process (power 250W, frequency 30kHz) 30 minutes, lets cool, adds methanol dilution to scale, shake up, and filters, gets subsequent filtrate, obtain need testing solution; Accurate absorption reference substance solution and each 10 μ l of need testing solution respectively, injection liquid chromatography, measure the content of Hyperoside (C21H20O12), calculate by dry product, the content of main component Hyperoside (C21H20O12) is 1.0 ~ 2.5 times of conventional drying processes.
The processing method of Chinese medicine pharmaceutically occupies very consequence in motherland, and the quality of Chinese medicine processing method directly affects the effect of disease treatment.Through the Chinese medicine sunset abelmoschus flower of the present invention's processing, the degraded of active ingredient in drug effect and active component, effectively prevention storage process can be retained; Saving Chinese medicaments resource, promote the modernization of Chinese medicine, open new road for the development of Chinese Traditional Medicine.
The process technology of Chinese medicine sunset abelmoschus flower of the present invention reasonably configures parameters such as drying time, temperature, vacuums, find out optimum combination, make moisture, both active ingredient reaches optimum balance state and drying effect, thus make effective active matter in sunset abelmoschus flower sex change can not occur or lose biologos; Volatile oil component damages is very little; Medicinal material volume is almost constant, maintains original structure, and shrinkage phenomenon can not occur; Original proterties is recovered rapidly and completely after adding water; The moisture of more than 95% can be got rid of.Sunset abelmoschus flower drug effect and active component can be made in a word to obtain maximum reservation, and water content is significantly less than the sunset abelmoschus flower medicinal material of traditional drying, and active ingredient is very easily dissolved in Clinical practice.
Detailed description of the invention
Below the embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.
Embodiment 1
Choose the summer, Qiu Liangji (August ~ October) plucks fresh sunset abelmoschus flower when spending in full bloom; Removed impurity and rotten petal the same day; The dis-medicinal parts such as the anthocaulus of excision sunset abelmoschus flower and calyx; Put into the backing dish adapted with freeze drying box flaggy size, pave; Sheng dish weight is 6 ~ 7kg/m
2, thickness is 2 ~ 3cm, lowers the temperature gradually 2 ~ 3 hours until the temperature of product is lower than the temperature of eutectic point or eutectic point, carries out freezing 6 ~ 10 hours at-35 DEG C ~-40 DEG C; Vacuumize when the temperature of condenser reaches-40 DEG C, after vacuum reaches 200Pa, heat;-40 DEG C ~-25 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h;-25 DEG C ~-10 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h;-10 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h; 5 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time lh; 20 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h; 35 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h; Keep temperature of charge at 35 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C, retain 4 hours, discharging after making water content reach less than 5%.Dried sunset abelmoschus flower is packaged in constant temperature dehumidification workshop to carry out, in order to avoid material water suction is made moist.Shady and cool sealed storage.
Embodiment 2
Choose the summer, Qiu Liangji (August ~ October) plucks fresh sunset abelmoschus flower when spending in full bloom; Removed impurity and rotten petal the same day; The dis-medicinal parts such as the anthocaulus of excision sunset abelmoschus flower and calyx; Put into the backing dish adapted with freeze drying box flaggy size, pave; Sheng dish weight is 6 ~ 7kg/m
2, thickness is 2 ~ 3cm, lowers the temperature gradually 2 ~ 3 hours until the temperature of product is lower than the temperature of eutectic point or eutectic point, carries out freezing 6 ~ 10 hours at-35 DEG C ~-40 DEG C; Vacuumize when the temperature of condenser reaches-40 DEG C, after vacuum reaches 230Pa, heat;-40 DEG C ~-25 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h;-25 DEG C ~-10 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h;-10 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h; 5 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time lh; 20 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h; 35 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h; Keep temperature of charge at 35 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C, retain 5 hours, discharging after making water content reach less than 3%.Dried sunset abelmoschus flower is packaged in constant temperature dehumidification workshop to carry out, in order to avoid material water suction is made moist.Shady and cool sealed storage.
Sunset abelmoschus flower after drying makes the prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs, can brew and takes by single, also can form compound compatibility together with other prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs with the boiling water of about 60 degree.
Embodiment 3
Choose the summer, Qiu Liangji (August ~ October) plucks fresh sunset abelmoschus flower when spending in full bloom; Removed impurity and rotten petal the same day; The dis-medicinal parts such as the anthocaulus of excision sunset abelmoschus flower and calyx; The corolla of sunset abelmoschus flower is put into the backing dish adapted with freeze drying box flaggy size, pave; Sheng dish weight is 6 ~ 7kg/m
2, thickness is 2 ~ 3cm, lowers the temperature gradually 2 ~ 3 hours until the temperature of product is lower than the temperature of eutectic point or eutectic point, carries out freezing 6 ~ 10 hours at-35 DEG C ~-40 DEG C; Vacuumize when the temperature of condenser reaches-40 DEG C, after vacuum reaches 260Pa, heat;-40 DEG C ~-25 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h;-25 DEG C ~-10 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h;-10 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h; 5 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time lh; 20 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h; 35 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h; Keep temperature of charge at 35 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C, retain 6 hours, discharging after making water content reach less than 3%.Dried sunset abelmoschus flower is packaged in constant temperature dehumidification workshop to carry out, in order to avoid material water suction is made moist.Shady and cool sealed storage.
Above-described embodiment can adopt Shenyang JDF-0.2 type drying machine processing Chinese medicine sunset abelmoschus flower, and other machine also can be adopted to operate.
Vacuum freeze drying of the present invention is carried out under low temperature, vacuum state; some volatile ingredients loss in material is very little; some oxidizable materials obtain protection; the effect of microbial growth and enzyme cannot be carried out; again owing to carrying out drying under the state freezed; therefore volume is almost constant, maintains original structure, concentration phenomena can not occur.Vacuum freeze drying of the present invention can get rid of the moisture of more than 95-99%, make dry after product to preserve for a long time and unlikely rotten.Therefore, vacuum freeze drying of the present invention can keep the activity of medicinal material color, shape and active ingredient to greatest extent, closest to people said " fresh medicine ".
Above the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought provided by the invention, detailed description of the invention will change, and these changes also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the processing method of sunset abelmoschus flower, concrete steps are as follows: the cleaning of cadmium yellow Althaea roseal, sabot; Sunset abelmoschus flower is carried out Sheng dish, and cooling is until temperature is lower than the temperature of sunset abelmoschus flower eutectic point or eutectic point gradually, at-35 DEG C ~-40 DEG C, carry out freezing 6 ~ 10 hours; Vacuumize when the temperature of condenser reaches-40 DEG C, after vacuum reaches 200 ~ 260Pa, heat; The first step is heated :-40 DEG C ~-25 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h;-25 DEG C ~-10 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h;-10 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h; 5 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time lh; 20 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h; 35 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C intensification 2h, retention time 1h; Second step is heated: maintain the temperature at 35 DEG C ~ 40 DEG C, discharging after making water content reach less than 3%.
2. the processing method of sunset abelmoschus flower as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: after cleaning, and removes the dis-medicinal part of sunset abelmoschus flower.
3. the processing method of sunset abelmoschus flower as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: Sheng dish weight is 6 ~ 7kg/m
2, thickness is 2 ~ 3cm.
4. the processing method of sunset abelmoschus flower as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: second step is heated: retention time 4 ~ 6h.
5. the processing method of sunset abelmoschus flower as described in claim 1 or 2 or 4, is characterized in that: the sunset abelmoschus flower packaging after discharging, store.
6. the processing method of sunset abelmoschus flower as described in claim 1 or 2 or 4, is characterized in that: the sunset abelmoschus flower after discharging makes the prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs.
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| CN104522792A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-22 | 太和县宝丰润中药材种植专业合作社 | Sunset abelmoschus flower beverage |
| CN104522245A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-22 | 广西国茗金花茶科技有限公司 | Processing method of curled golden camellia |
| WO2016101932A2 (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-06-30 | 王亚伦 | Abelmoschus manihot flower product |
| CN105998341A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-10-12 | 彭建平 | Process for finishing unprocessed rehmannia root medicinal material in original region |
| CN107927271A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-04-20 | 合肥市绿之林农业开发有限公司 | A kind of preparation method for reducing sunset abelmoschus root jasmine tea nutritive loss |
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Effective date of registration: 20170920 Address after: Lhasa City Industrial Park, quxur County, Tibet autonomous region 850000 in the deep processing base of Building No. 1 Patentee after: Tibet Ben Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd. Address before: 1 7A13, 39 building, 310012 Yue Yue Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Xihu District Patentee before: Hangzhou Qiuben Plant Science & Technology Co., Ltd. |