CN103267798B - Measuring device and measuring method of high-concentration tritium in gas - Google Patents
Measuring device and measuring method of high-concentration tritium in gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN103267798B CN103267798B CN201310184267.6A CN201310184267A CN103267798B CN 103267798 B CN103267798 B CN 103267798B CN 201310184267 A CN201310184267 A CN 201310184267A CN 103267798 B CN103267798 B CN 103267798B
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- ionization chamber
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- tritium
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Abstract
The invention provides a measuring device and a measuring method of high-concentration tritium in a gas. The measuring device is composed of two cylindrical ionization chambers having the same structure and material while different dimensions. The measuring method comprises the following steps: sequentially passing a tritium-containing gas by the two ionization chambers in the measuring device provided by the invention, driving the two ionization chambers in the measuring device to work under a compensation mode, and obtaining the concentration of tritium in the gas in a signal coincidence manner. The measuring device provided by the invention can completely eliminate the effect of memory effect caused by tritium adsorption of the ionization chamber walls on the measurement result when measuring the high-concentration tritium in the gas so as to accurately measure the tritium in the gas for a long time under a high concentration condition. The measuring device and the measuring method provided by the invention completely meet real-time and continuous measurement demands on the high-concentration tritium in various occasions.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to radiation protection and environmental protection technical field, be specifically related to a kind of gas middle and high concentration Tritium measure device and measuring method thereof.Be applicable to the real-time measurement of tritium concentration in tritium operator casing, secondary containers and other tritium containment vessel.
Background technology
Tritium is unique radioactive isotope of hydrogen, and the tritium β ray ceiling capacity sent that decays is 18.6keV, and its average energy is 5.65keV.Tritium may produce corrosion to containing material, or causes the degeneration of material property (embrittlement, aging).And, tritium can also enter human body through sucking, eating and infiltrate through intact skin, is absorbed and make it to be subject to internal radiation harm by tissue, due to its radiological hazard and its characteristic in the environment, in Radiation Protection Monitoring, the monitoring of tritium comes into one's own day by day.
The penetration capacity of the low energy β particle of tritium is very weak, and in water, maximum range is 6 μm, and maximum range is only 5mm in atmosphere, is difficult to measure with common beta rediation detector, so want measurement of tritium the inside of introducing detector containing tritium gas must be measured.
At present, for gas middle and high concentration Tritium measurement be all the method for ionization chamber adopted.But, when tritium concentration height, especially when tritiated water steam exists, ionization chamber causes ionization chamber background greatly to raise (generally by more than rising 2 orders of magnitude) by due to chamber wall materials to a large amount of absorption of tritium, this will directly cause ionization chamber measurement result higher when tritium concentration is monitored continuously, cannot Measurement accuracy.In addition, after polluting, ionization chamber decontamination is comparatively difficult, needs to make ionization chamber background recover normal for a long time.
Summary of the invention
Survey in tritium due to memory effect that locular wall produces the absorption of tritium to eliminate ionization chamber in prior art, improve the accuracy of high concentration Tritium measure, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of gas middle and high concentration Tritium measure device, another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of gas middle and high concentration Tritium measure method.Eliminate by the mode of signal compensation the memory effect that ionization chamber locular wall produces the absorption of tritium, realize the real-time measurement of gas middle and high concentration tritium.
Gas middle and high concentration Tritium measure method of the present invention is the cylindrical geometrical principle that volume is different when internal surface area is identical based on different geometry, two identical columnar ionization rooms of internal surface area are set, utilize its volume differences to measure as the sensitive volume of ionization chamber system.Measurement mechanism of the present invention builds based on two ionization chambers, and two ionization chambers are cylindrical, and internal surface area is identical, adopts identical materials and process processing.When measuring, two ionization chamber saturation voltages that additive polarity is contrary respectively, make two ionization chambers collect positive ion and electronics respectively, then carry out meeting of signal.Because internal surface area is identical, same to the Adsorption Phase of tritium at ionization chamber locular wall after excessive concentrations tritium, this part can be eliminated completely when two ionization chamber signals meet, namely the memory effect of ionization chamber will be effectively eliminated, the signal that the final output signal of ionization chamber system exports for two ionization chamber volume differences.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is as follows:
Gas middle and high concentration Tritium measure device of the present invention, is characterized in, described measurement mechanism contains two structures identical columniform first ionization chamber, the second ionization chamber.Wherein, the first ionization chamber comprises shell, the first insulating part, ionization chamber locular wall, the second insulating part, the first tracheae, the first collector, the 3rd insulating part, the 4th insulating part, protection ring, the 5th insulating part, ionization chamber lower cover, the 6th insulating part, high tension terminal, nut, high-voltgae pothead, signal cable head, the second tracheae; Its annexation is, described collector is positioned on the first ionization chamber central axis, and the lower end of collector is suspended on the first ionization chamber inside, and upper end is provided with the 4th insulating part, and upper end and the 4th insulating part of collector are fixed by nut; 4th insulating part is outside equipped with protection ring, and protection ring is outside equipped with the 5th insulating part, and the 5th insulating part is provided with ionization chamber lower cover; Ionization chamber locular wall is connected with ionization chamber lower cover; High tension terminal covers under being fixed on ionization chamber; First tracheae is connected on ionization chamber locular wall, is provided with the second insulating part between the first tracheae and ionization chamber locular wall; Described ionization chamber locular wall, ionization chamber lower cover are all arranged in shell, are provided with the first insulating part between ionization chamber locular wall and shell; The 6th insulating part is provided with between ionization chamber lower cover and base; High-voltgae pothead and signal cable head are fixed on base side; The collector of described first ionization chamber, ionization chamber locular wall, shell are concentric setting;
Described first ionization chamber and the second ionization chamber shell are all fixed on base; First ionization chamber is connected with the second ionization chamber by the second tracheae, is provided with the 3rd insulating part, is provided with the 7th insulating part between the ionization chamber lower cover of the second tracheae and the second ionization chamber between the ionization chamber lower cover of the second tracheae and the first ionization chamber; First collector of the first ionization chamber is connected by signal cable with the second collector of the second ionization chamber.
Interference fit is between described collector, the 4th insulating part, protection ring, the 5th insulating part, ionization chamber lower cover; Interference fit is between second tracheae, ionization chamber lower cover, the 3rd insulating part; Be interference fit between first tracheae, ionization chamber locular wall, the second insulating part.
Described 4th insulating part, the 5th insulator material are teflon; Under ionization chamber locular wall, collector, protection ring, ionization chamber, cover material is 316L stainless steel.
Described first ionization chamber is identical with the internal surface area of the second ionization chamber.
The material adopted in described first ionization chamber, the second ionization chamber is identical.
Gas middle and high concentration Tritium measure method of the present invention, is characterized in that comprising the following steps successively:
1.. ionization chamber system equivalent volume calculates
First ionization chamber, the second ionization chamber sensitive volume are respectively:
with
, and
, then the equivalent volume of ionization chamber system is:
(1)
2.. the voltage measurement of ionization chamber operate in saturation
Measure the operate in saturation voltage of the first ionization chamber and the second ionization chamber in ionization chamber system respectively;
Keep tritium concentration in ionization chamber, gas pressure intensity, gas temperature constant, ionization chamber high-field electrode adds different high pressure, measures the electric current collected by ionization chamber, the saturation voltage obtaining ionization chamber is interval, remembers that the first ionization chamber operate in saturation voltage range is
, the second ionization chamber operate in saturation voltage range is
;
3.. the anti-saturation current measurement of ionization chamber system
The operate in saturation voltage that additive polarity is contrary on the first ionization chamber and the second ionization chamber respectively, adds operate in saturation voltage at the first ionization chamber
, add operate in saturation voltage at the second ionization chamber
, the saturation current signal arrived by weak-current meter measurement ionization chamber systematic collection
;
4.. in gas, tritium concentration calculates
The saturation current recording ionization chamber systematic collection and arrive
after, in gas, tritium concentration can use formula (2) to calculate:
(2)
In formula:
e-be the Beta-ray average energy of tritium, unit eV, gets 5.65keV;
e-be electron charge, unit 1.6 × 10
-19c;
-for the average electrical of gas in airtight container is from merit, in gas in sealed vessel, namely often producing the average energy required for a pair ion, unit eV, is 36.0eV/ ion pair corresponding to this value of air;
v eff -be ionization chamber sensitive volume, unit m
3;
Above-mentioned parameter is brought into formula (2), obtain tritium concentration value in gas.
Principle of work of the present invention is the memory effect that the system of employing two ionization chamber compositions produces to eliminate locular wall the absorption of tritium.During work, the high pressure that additive polarity is contrary on two ionization chamber high-field electrodes, the signal that ionization chamber collector is collected is contrary, by the method for the collector directly connecting two ionization chambers, the output signal of two ionization chambers is met, eliminate the memory effect that ionization chamber locular wall produces the absorption of tritium completely, realize the Measurement accuracy of gas middle and high concentration tritium.The present invention meets the requirement that various place (as glove box, secondary containers and other tritium containment vessel) middle and high concentration tritium on-line continuous is measured completely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is gas middle and high concentration Tritium measure apparatus structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
In figure: 1. shell 2. first insulating part 3. ionization chamber locular wall 4. second insulating part 5. first tracheae 6. first collector 7. the 3rd insulating part 8. the 4th insulating part 9. protection ring 10. the 5th insulating part 11. ionization chamber lower cover 12. the 6th insulating part 13. high tension terminal 14. nut 15. high-voltgae pothead 16. signal cable head 17. second tracheae 18. base.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is gas middle and high concentration Tritium measure apparatus structure schematic diagram of the present invention.In FIG, gas middle and high concentration Tritium measure device of the present invention contains identical columniform first ionization chamber I, second ionization chamber II of two structures.Wherein, the first ionization chamber I comprises shell 1, first insulating part 2, ionization chamber locular wall 3, second insulating part 4, first tracheae 5, first collector 6, the 3rd insulating part 7, the 4th insulating part 8, protection ring 9, the 5th insulating part 10, ionization chamber lower cover 11, the 6th insulating part 12, high tension terminal 13, nut 14, high-voltgae pothead 15, signal cable head 16, second tracheae 17; Its annexation is, described collector 6 is positioned on the first ionization chamber I central axis, and the lower end of collector 6 is suspended on the first ionization chamber I inside, and upper end is provided with the 4th insulating part 8, and upper end and the 4th insulating part 8 of collector 6 are fixed by nut 14; 4th insulating part 8 is outside equipped with protection ring 9, and protection ring 9 is outside equipped with the 5th insulating part the 10, five insulating part 10 and is provided with ionization chamber lower cover 11; Ionization chamber locular wall 3 is connected with ionization chamber lower cover 11; High tension terminal 13 is fixed on ionization chamber lower cover 11; First tracheae 5 is connected on ionization chamber locular wall 3, the first tracheae 5 and be provided with the second insulating part 4 between room locular wall 3; Described ionization chamber locular wall 3, ionization chamber lower cover 11 are all arranged in shell 1, are provided with the first insulating part 2 between ionization chamber locular wall 3 and shell 1; The 6th insulating part 12 is provided with between ionization chamber lower cover 11 and base 18; High-voltgae pothead 15 and signal cable head 16 are fixed on base 18 side; The collector 6 of described first ionization chamber, ionization chamber locular wall 3, shell 1 are concentric setting;
Described first ionization chamber I and the second ionization chamber II shell are all fixed on base 18; First ionization chamber I is connected with the second ionization chamber II by the second tracheae 17, is provided with between the 3rd insulating part 7, second tracheae 17 and the ionization chamber lower cover of the second ionization chamber II and is provided with insulating part between the second tracheae 17 and the ionization chamber lower cover 11 of the first ionization chamber I; First collector 6 of the first ionization chamber I is connected by signal cable with the second collector of the second ionization chamber II.
Interference fit is between described collector 6, the 4th insulating part 8, protection ring 9, the 5th insulating part 10, ionization chamber lower cover 11; Interference fit is between second tracheae 17, ionization chamber lower cover 11, the 3rd insulating part 7; Be interference fit between first tracheae 5, ionization chamber locular wall 3, second insulating part 4.
Described 4th insulating part 8, the 5th insulating part 10 material are teflon; Ionization chamber locular wall 3, collector 6, protection ring 9, ionization chamber lower cover 11 material are 316L stainless steel.
Described first ionization chamber I is identical with the internal surface area of the second ionization chamber II, and volume is different.
The material adopted in described first ionization chamber I, second ionization chamber II is identical.
A kind of gas middle and high concentration Tritium measure method of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1.. ionization chamber system equivalent volume calculates
In this example, two ionization chamber volumes are respectively 1.4L, 1.0L, then equivalent volume
.
2.. the voltage measurement of ionization chamber operate in saturation
Under keeping the condition that tritium concentration gas pressure intensity in ionization chamber, gas temperature are constant, recording active volume is that the ionization chamber operate in saturation voltage range of 1.4L and 1.0L is respectively
with
.
3.. the anti-saturation current measurement of ionization chamber system
In the present embodiment, add operate in saturation voltage respectively at the Ith ionization chamber and the IIth ionization chamber
with
, the anti-saturation electric current of the ionization chamber system using weak-current meter to record
nA.
4.. in gas, tritium concentration calculates
According to formula (2), in the present embodiment, tritium concentration is:
Measuring this concentration containing after tritium gas, with nitrogen wash 15 minutes, ionization chamber System recover background current.
The invention is not restricted to this embodiment, of the present inventionly all can implement and there is good result.
Claims (6)
1. a gas middle and high concentration Tritium measure device, is characterized in that: described measurement mechanism contains two structures identical columniform first ionization chamber, the second ionization chamber; Wherein, the first ionization chamber comprises shell (1), the first insulating part (2), ionization chamber locular wall (3), the second insulating part (4), the first tracheae (5), the first collector (6), the 3rd insulating part (7), the 4th insulating part (8), protection ring (9), the 5th insulating part (10), ionization chamber lower cover (11), the 6th insulating part (12), high tension terminal (13), nut (14), high-voltgae pothead (15), signal cable head (16), the second tracheae (17); Its annexation is, described collector (6) is positioned on the first ionization chamber central axis, the lower end of collector (6) is suspended on the first ionization chamber inside, and upper end is provided with the 4th insulating part (8), and the upper end of collector (6) and the 4th insulating part (8) are fixed by nut (14); 4th insulating part (8) is outside equipped with protection ring (9), and protection ring (9) is outside equipped with the 5th insulating part (10), and the 5th insulating part (10) is provided with ionization chamber lower cover (11); Ionization chamber locular wall (3) is connected with ionization chamber lower cover (11); High tension terminal (13) is fixed on ionization chamber lower cover (11); First tracheae (5) is connected on ionization chamber locular wall (3), is provided with the second insulating part (4) between the first tracheae (5) and ionization chamber locular wall (3); Described ionization chamber locular wall (3), ionization chamber lower cover (11) are all arranged in shell (1), are provided with the first insulating part (2) between ionization chamber locular wall (3) and shell (1); The 6th insulating part (12) is provided with between ionization chamber lower cover (11) and base (18); High-voltgae pothead (15) and signal cable head (16) are fixed on base (18) side; The collector (6) of described first ionization chamber, ionization chamber locular wall (3), shell (1) are concentric setting;
Described first ionization chamber and the second ionization chamber shell are all fixed on base (18); First ionization chamber is connected with the second ionization chamber by the second tracheae (17), be provided with the 3rd insulating part (7) between the ionization chamber lower cover (11) of the second tracheae (17) and the first ionization chamber, between the second tracheae (17) and the ionization chamber lower cover of the second ionization chamber, be provided with the 7th insulating part; First collector (6) of the first ionization chamber is connected by signal cable with the second collector of the second ionization chamber.
2. a kind of gas middle and high concentration Tritium measure device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described collector (6), the 4th insulating part (8), protection ring (9), the 5th insulating part (10), ionization chamber lower cover are interference fit between (11); Interference fit is between second tracheae (17), ionization chamber lower cover (11), the 3rd insulating part (7); Be interference fit between first tracheae (5), ionization chamber locular wall (3), the second insulating part (4).
3. a kind of gas middle and high concentration Tritium measure device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described 4th insulating part (8), the 5th insulating part (10) material are teflon; Ionization chamber locular wall (3), collector (6), protection ring (9), ionization chamber lower cover (11) material are 316L stainless steel.
4. a kind of gas middle and high concentration Tritium measure device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described first ionization chamber is identical with the internal surface area of the second ionization chamber.
5. a kind of gas middle and high concentration Tritium measure device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the material adopted in described first ionization chamber, the second ionization chamber is identical.
6., for a measuring method for gas middle and high concentration Tritium measure device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps successively:
1.. ionization chamber system equivalent volume calculates
First ionization chamber, the second ionization chamber sensitive volume are respectively:
with
, and
, then the equivalent volume of ionization chamber system is:
(1)
2.. the voltage measurement of ionization chamber operate in saturation
Measure the operate in saturation voltage of the first ionization chamber and the second ionization chamber in ionization chamber system respectively;
Keep tritium concentration in ionization chamber, gas pressure intensity, gas temperature constant, ionization chamber high-field electrode adds different high pressure, measures the electric current collected by ionization chamber, the saturation voltage obtaining ionization chamber is interval, remembers that the first ionization chamber operate in saturation voltage range is
, the second ionization chamber operate in saturation voltage range is
;
3.. the anti-saturation current measurement of ionization chamber system
The operate in saturation voltage that additive polarity is contrary on the first ionization chamber and the second ionization chamber respectively, adds operate in saturation voltage at the first ionization chamber
, add operate in saturation voltage at the second ionization chamber
, the saturation current signal arrived by weak-current meter measurement ionization chamber systematic collection
;
4.. in gas, tritium concentration calculates
The saturation current recording ionization chamber systematic collection and arrive
after, in gas, tritium concentration can use formula (2) to calculate:
(2)
In formula:
e-be the Beta-ray average energy of tritium, unit eV, gets 5.65keV;
e-be electron charge, unit 1.6 × 10
-19c;
-for the average electrical of gas in airtight container is from merit, in gas in sealed vessel, namely often producing the average energy required for a pair ion, unit eV, is 36.0eV/ ion pair corresponding to this value of air;
v eff -be ionization chamber sensitive volume, unit m
3;
Above-mentioned parameter is brought into formula (2), obtain tritium concentration value in gas.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105067777B (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2017-03-22 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | Device for monitoring concentration of tritium with different forms in complex environment gas |
| US9921184B2 (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2018-03-20 | Terrapower, Llc | Sodium-cesium ionization detector |
| CN106908826A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-06-30 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | HTO content measurement device and method |
| JP7234160B2 (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2023-03-07 | 株式会社東芝 | Radiation detection device and its installation method |
| CN111879793B (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2022-03-11 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Tritium gas adsorption performance experimental device and method thereof |
| CN114216952B (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-10-31 | 中国人民解放军96901部队23分队 | Method for measuring tritium content in air |
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| US7368726B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2008-05-06 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | Method and apparatus for detecting high-energy radiation using a pulse mode ion chamber |
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