CN103257356B - Tritium concentration measurement mechanism in airtight container - Google Patents
Tritium concentration measurement mechanism in airtight container Download PDFInfo
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- CN103257356B CN103257356B CN201310184268.0A CN201310184268A CN103257356B CN 103257356 B CN103257356 B CN 103257356B CN 201310184268 A CN201310184268 A CN 201310184268A CN 103257356 B CN103257356 B CN 103257356B
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Abstract
The invention provides tritium concentration measurement mechanism in a kind of airtight container, belong to radiation protection and environmental protection field.Described measurement mechanism is open ionization chamber, use perforate locular wall to substitute sealing locular wall that traditional flow gas surveys tritium ionization chamber, enters ionization chamber sensitive volume inner containing tritium gas by the mode of free diffusing.Described measuring method is based on described measurement mechanism, and open ionization chamber is built in sealed container interior, and airtight container includes tritium gas by ionization chamber perforate locular wall free diffusing in ionization chamber sensitive volume, realizes the real-time measurement of tritium concentration in airtight container.Open ionization chamber is directly placed in airtight container and measures by the present invention, substantially reduces the pollution of the tritium brought due to power sampling system, leakage problem; The design of perforate locular wall reduces ionization chamber locular wall area, effectively can reduce the memory effect because ionization chamber locular wall produces the absorption of tritium.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to radiation protection and environmental protection technical field, be specifically related to measurement mechanism and the measuring method thereof of tritium concentration in a kind of airtight container.Be applicable to the real-time measurement of tritium concentration in tritium operator casing, secondary containers and other tritium containment vessel.
Background technology
Tritium is unique radioactive isotope of hydrogen, and the tritium β ray ceiling capacity sent that decays is 18.6keV, and its average energy is 5.65keV.Tritium may produce corrosion to containing material, or causes the degeneration of material property (embrittlement, aging).And, tritium can also enter human body through sucking, eating and infiltrate through intact skin, is absorbed and make it to be subject to internal radiation harm by tissue, due to its radiological hazard and its characteristic in the environment, in Radiation Protection Monitoring, the monitoring of tritium comes into one's own day by day.
The penetration capacity of the low energy β particle of tritium is very weak, and in water, maximum range is 6 μm, and maximum range is only 5mm in atmosphere, is difficult to measure with common beta rediation detector, so want measurement of tritium the inside of introducing detector containing tritium gas must be measured.
At present, real-time measurement for airtight container (as glove box, secondary containers and other tritium containment vessel) interior tritium concentration mainly adopts initiatively to be sampled in ionization chamber and realizes measuring, and namely being evacuated in ionization chamber containing tritium gas in testing container is measured by aspiration pump and pump-line.Due to the introducing of extract system, aspiration pump and pump-line inevitably produce pollution due to the absorption of tritium, not only increase radioactive waste, and the introducing of aspiration pump also add the risk of tritium leakage.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve tritium pollution problem that air suction sampling system in prior art brings and eliminate potential tritium disclosure risk, and reduce because tritium adsorbs the memory effect that produces to the impact of Tritium measure at ionization chamber inwall, the invention provides tritium concentration measurement mechanism in a kind of airtight container, another object of the present invention is to provide the measuring method of tritium concentration in a kind of airtight container.Without the need to power sampler, enter by free diffusing the real-time measurement that measurement mechanism (open ionization chamber) inside realizes tritium concentration containing tritium gas.
Principle of work of the present invention adopts the open ionization chamber of passive sampling directly to measure tritium concentration in airtight container, is the sealing locular wall adopting perforate locular wall to replace traditional ionization chamber, enters in open ionization chamber sensitive volume containing tritium gas by free diffusing.Measurement mechanism of the present invention arranges Double-level Reticulated wall, and inner layer net wall is as high-field electrode, and outer layer net wall can provide electromagnetic screen.Operationally, will there is two parts electric field in ionization chamber inside, the electric field between collector and inner layer net wall will be used for collecting ionization ion, the ionization ion that the β ray that the electric field between two layers of mesh wall effectively can eliminate tritium produced before entering ionization chamber.In addition, in order to reduce the absorption of ionization chamber inwall to tritium further, in ionization chamber, gold-plated process is all done in collector, inner layer net wall and inner upper and lower end face.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is as follows:
Tritium concentration measurement mechanism in airtight container of the present invention; be characterized in, in described airtight container, tritium concentration measurement mechanism comprises nut, insulation spacer, protection ring, high tension terminal, insulation upper cover, insulating part, support column, outer layer net wall, inner layer net wall, collector, insulator cap, insulative bottom cap, base, top cover.Its annexation is, described inner layer net wall is arranged in outer layer net wall, and inner layer net wall axis arranges collector; Inner layer net wall end face is provided with upper surface, and inner layer net wall bottom surface is provided with lower surface, and center, lower surface is provided with insulator cap; Bottom, lower surface is provided with insulative bottom cap, and lower surface is nested in insulative bottom cap; Be provided with base below described insulative bottom cap, insulative bottom cap is embedded on base; The upper end of collector is disposed with insulating part, insulation spacer, and insulating part, insulation spacer are fixed on collector by nut; The lower end of collector is connected with insulator cap; Protection ring is positioned at outside insulating part; Top, upper surface is provided with insulation upper cover, and upper surface is nested in insulation upper cover by screw; High tension terminal is fixedly connected with upper surface through insulation upper cover; Described insulation upper cover top is provided with top cover, and insulation upper cover is embedded in top cover; Inner layer net wall upper end is nested between upper surface and insulation upper cover, and inner layer net wall lower end is nested between lower surface and insulative bottom cap; The upper end of outer layer net wall is enclosed within top cover, and lower end is enclosed within base; The periphery of outer layer net wall is provided with several support column, and the two ends of support column are fixedly connected with top cover, base respectively by semitight nut; Top cover is provided with high-voltgae pothead, signal cable head; Described collector, outer layer net wall, inner layer net wall are concentric structure.
Be interference fit between described outer layer net wall and top cover, base; Inner layer net wall upper end and upper surface, the upper cover that insulate are interference fit; Be interference fit between inner layer net wall lower end and lower surface, insulative bottom cap; Collector upper end and insulating part are interference fit; It is interference fit between collector lower end and insulator cap; Interference fit is between protection ring, insulation upper cover, insulating part.
The quantity of described support column is 4 ~ 8.
Described insulation spacer, insulation upper cover, insulating part, insulative bottom cap material all adopt teflon; Protection ring, upper surface, outer layer net wall, inner layer net wall, collector, lower surface material all adopt 316L stainless steel.
Described collector, inner layer net wall inside surface, upper surface inside surface and lower surface inside surface are gold-plated process.
In airtight container of the present invention, tritium concentration measuring method comprises the following steps:
1.. measure the operate in saturation voltage of ionization chamber
Keep tritium concentration in airtight container, gas pressure intensity, gas temperature constant, ionization chamber high-field electrode adds different high pressure, measures the electric current collected by ionization chamber, the saturation voltage obtaining ionization chamber is interval, is designated as
;
2.. measure saturation current of ionization chamber
Ionization chamber high-field electrode adds operate in saturation voltage
, make ionization chamber be operated in saturation region, the saturation current signal collected by weak-current meter measurement ionization chamber
;
3.. tritium concentration in airtight container
ccalculating
The saturation current recording ionization chamber and collect
after, in airtight container, tritium concentration is by following formulae discovery:
(1)
In formula:
e-be the Beta-ray average energy of tritium, unit eV, gets 5.65keV;
e-be electron charge, unit 1.6 × 10
-19c;
-for the average electrical of gas in airtight container is from merit, in gas in sealed vessel, namely often producing the average energy required for a pair ion, unit eV, is 36.0eV/ ion pair corresponding to this value of air;
v-be ionization chamber sensitive volume, unit m
3.
Above-mentioned parameter is brought into formula (1), obtain tritium concentration value in airtight container.
Tritium concentration measuring method in airtight container of the present invention: adopt porose locular wall to replace sealing locular wall to effectively eliminate the pollution and leakage problem that extract system brings.The ionization ion that the β ray that in airtight container of the present invention, the Double-level Reticulated wall design of tritium concentration measurement mechanism effectively eliminates tritium produced before entering ionization chamber, improves the accuracy of measurement; The gold-plated process of inner layer net wall, collector and upper and lower end face effectively reduces memory effect that the absorption due to ionization chamber inwall tritium produces to the impact of measurement result.The present invention meets airtight container (as glove box, secondary containers and other tritium containment vessel) interior tritium concentration completely and measures requirement in real time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of tritium concentration measurement mechanism in airtight container of the present invention;
In figure: 1. nut 2. insulation spacer 3. protection ring 4. high-tension cable 5. high tension terminal 6. upper surface 7. screw 8. insulate upper cover 9. insulation assembly 10. support column 11. outer layer net wall 12. inner layer net wall 13. collector 14. insulator cap 15. lower surface 16. insulative bottom cap 17. semitight nut 18. base 19. high-voltgae pothead 20. signal cable head 21. first signal cable 22. secondary signal cable 23. top cover.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of tritium concentration measurement mechanism in airtight container of the present invention.In FIG; tritium concentration measurement mechanism in a kind of airtight container of the present invention, comprises nut 1, insulation spacer 2, protection ring 3, high tension terminal 5, insulation upper cover 8, insulating part 9, support column, outer layer net wall 11, inner layer net wall 12, collector 13, insulator cap 14, insulative bottom cap 16, base 18, top cover 23.Its annexation is, described inner layer net wall 12 is arranged in outer layer net wall 11, and inner layer net wall 12 axis arranges collector 13; Inner layer net wall 12 end face is provided with upper surface 6, and inner layer net wall 12 bottom surface is provided with lower surface 15, and center, lower surface 15 is provided with insulator cap 1; Bottom, lower surface 15 is provided with insulative bottom cap 16, and lower surface 15 is nested in insulative bottom cap 16; Be provided with base 18 below described insulative bottom cap 16, insulative bottom cap 16 is embedded on base 18; The upper end of collector 13 is disposed with insulating part 9, insulation spacer 2, and insulating part 9, insulation spacer 2 are fixed on collector 13 by nut 1; The lower end of collector 13 is connected with insulator cap 14; Protection ring 3 is positioned at outside insulating part 9; Top, upper surface 6 is provided with insulation upper cover 8, and upper surface 6 is nested in insulation upper cover 8 by screw 7; High tension terminal 5 is fixedly connected with upper surface 6 through insulation upper cover 8; Described insulation upper cover 8 top is provided with top cover 23, and insulation upper cover 8 is embedded in top cover 23; Inner layer net wall 12 upper end is nested between upper surface 6 and insulation upper cover 8, and inner layer net wall 12 lower end is nested between lower surface 15 and insulative bottom cap 16; The upper end of outer layer net wall 11 is enclosed within top cover 23, and the lower end of outer layer net wall 11 is enclosed within base 18; The periphery of outer layer net wall 11 is provided with six roots of sensation support column, and the upper end of support column is fixedly connected with top cover 23 by semitight nut, and the lower end of support column is fixedly connected with base 18 by semitight nut.Top cover 23 is provided with high-voltgae pothead 19, signal cable head 20; Described collector 13, outer layer net wall 11, inner layer net wall 12 are concentric structure; Signal cable head 20 is connected by the first signal cable 21 with collector 13; Signal cable head 20 is connected by secondary signal cable 22 with protection ring 3.
Be interference fit between described outer layer net wall 11 and top cover 23, base 18; Inner layer net wall 12 upper end and upper surface 6, the upper cover 8 that insulate are interference fit; Be interference fit between inner layer net wall 12 lower end and lower surface 15, insulative bottom cap 16; Collector 13 upper end and insulating part 9 are interference fit; It is interference fit between collector 13 lower end and insulator cap 14; Interference fit is between protection ring 3, insulation upper cover 8, insulating part 9.
Described insulation spacer 2, insulation upper cover 8, insulating part 9, insulative bottom cap 16 material all adopt teflon; Protection ring 3, upper surface 6, outer layer net wall 11, inner layer net wall 12, collector 13, lower surface 15 material all adopt 316L stainless steel.
Described collector 13, inner layer net wall 12 inside surface, upper surface 6 inside surface and lower surface 15 inside surface are gold-plated process.
In the present embodiment, the support column of setting is 6, and support column 10 is wherein one.Be provided with 12 semitight nuts, semitight nut 17 is one of them.Be provided with 4 screws, screw 7 is one of them.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is identical with the structure of embodiment 1, and difference is, the support column of setting is 4.
The survey tritium method of tritium concentration in airtight container of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1.. measure the operate in saturation voltage of ionization chamber
In this example, ionization chamber sensitive volume is 1L, measures the operate in saturation voltage characteristic of ionization chamber in experiment in (0V, 1000V) scope.Measurement result shows, the operate in saturation voltage range of ionization chamber is (150V, 1000V).
2.. measure saturation current of ionization chamber
Get ionization chamber operate in saturation voltage
, measurement obtains ionization chamber operate in saturation electric current and is
nA.
3.. tritium concentration in airtight container
ccalculating
According to formula (1), in airtight container, tritium concentration is:
As can be seen from the present embodiment, use apparatus of the present invention and measuring method thereof, fast and easy can obtain tritium concentration in airtight container, without the need to power sampler.
The invention is not restricted to this embodiment, all can implement described in content of the present invention and there is described good result.
Claims (5)
1. a tritium concentration measurement mechanism in airtight container, is characterized in that: in described airtight container, tritium concentration measurement mechanism comprises nut (1), insulation spacer (2), protection ring (3), high tension terminal (5), insulation upper cover (8), insulating part (9), support column, outer layer net wall (11), inner layer net wall (12), collector (13), insulator cap (14), insulative bottom cap (16), base (18), top cover (23); Its annexation is, described inner layer net wall (12) is arranged in outer layer net wall (11), and inner layer net wall (12) axis arranges collector (13); Inner layer net wall (12) end face is provided with upper surface (6), and inner layer net wall (12) bottom surface is provided with lower surface (15), and lower surface (15) center is provided with insulator cap (14); Lower surface (15) bottom is provided with insulative bottom cap (16), and lower surface (15) are nested in insulative bottom cap (16); The below of described insulative bottom cap (16) is provided with base (18), and insulative bottom cap (16) is embedded on base (18); The upper end of collector (13) is disposed with insulating part (9), insulation spacer (2), and insulating part (9), insulation spacer (2) are fixed on collector (13) by nut (1); The lower end of collector (13) is connected with insulator cap (14); Protection ring (3) is positioned at insulating part (9) outside; Upper surface (6) top is provided with insulation upper cover (8), and upper surface (6) are nested in insulation upper cover (8) by screw (7); High tension terminal (5) is fixedly connected with upper surface (6) through insulation upper cover (8); Described insulation upper cover (8) top is provided with top cover (23), and insulation upper cover (8) is embedded in top cover (23); Inner layer net wall (12) upper end is nested between upper surface (6) and insulation upper cover (8), and inner layer net wall (12) lower end is nested between lower surface (15) and insulative bottom cap (16); The upper end of outer layer net wall (11) is enclosed within top cover (23), and the lower end of outer layer net wall (11) is enclosed within base (18); The periphery of outer layer net wall (11) is provided with several support column, and the two ends of support column are fixedly connected with top cover (23), base (18) respectively by semitight nut; Top cover (23) is provided with high-voltgae pothead (19), signal cable head (20); Described collector (13), outer layer net wall (11), inner layer net wall (12) are concentric structure.
2. tritium concentration measurement mechanism in airtight container according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be interference fit between described outer layer net wall (11) and top cover (23), base (18); Inner layer net wall (12) upper end and upper surface (6), the upper cover (8) that insulate are interference fit; Be interference fit between inner layer net wall (12) lower end and lower surface (15), insulative bottom cap (16); Collector (13) upper end and insulating part (9) are interference fit; Be interference fit between collector (13) lower end and insulator cap (14); Protection ring (3), insulation upper cover (8), insulating part are interference fit between (9).
3. tritium concentration measurement mechanism in airtight container according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the quantity of described support column is 4 ~ 8.
4. tritium concentration measurement mechanism in airtight container according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described insulation spacer (2), insulation upper cover (8), insulating part (9), insulative bottom cap (16) material all adopt teflon; Protection ring (3), upper surface (6), outer layer net wall (11), inner layer net wall (12), collector (13), lower surface (15) material all adopt 316L stainless steel.
5. tritium concentration measurement mechanism in airtight container according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described collector (13), inner layer net wall (12) inside surface, upper surface (6) inside surface and lower surface (15) inside surface are gold-plated process.
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104237925B (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2016-08-17 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | Tritium activity measurement device in a kind of neutron tube |
| CN106970410A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-07-21 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Tritium level measurement apparatus and method |
| CN106908826A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-06-30 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | HTO content measurement device and method |
| CN109960817B (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2023-08-15 | 中核核电运行管理有限公司 | Online tritium measurement method based on sequential measurement dynamic error calculation method |
| CN108982172B (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2021-04-13 | 中核核电运行管理有限公司 | Online tritium concentration sampling monitoring method |
| CN109116401B (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2021-07-09 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | Dampproofing anti-staining air flow type ionization chamber detector |
| CN109085633A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2018-12-25 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | A kind of high concentration tritium monitor and measurement method |
| CN109148254A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-01-04 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | A kind of pollution-resistant high concentration tritium gas monitor ionization chamber |
| CN111880212B (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2023-03-14 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | Surface tritium concentration detector |
| CN115753553A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-03-07 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Test system and test method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2004245714A (en) * | 2003-02-14 | 2004-09-02 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Gas measuring apparatus |
| CN100495071C (en) * | 2007-03-17 | 2009-06-03 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | Device for measuring radioactive contamination in pipeline inner surface |
| CN101149438B (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2010-10-13 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | Tritium-measuring method and equipment |
| CN201488977U (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2010-05-26 | 成都理工大学 | Quick air radon concentration measuring device based on air impulse ionization chamber |
| CN201837727U (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2011-05-18 | 杨怀元 | High-sensitivity wide-range detector for tritium testing ionization chamber |
| CN202917433U (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-05-01 | 北京中科加华科技有限公司 | Gas ionisation detector |
| CN203241542U (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2013-10-16 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | Device for measuring tritium concentration in sealed container |
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