CN102928864A - Method and system for measuring gas tritium based on multi-wire proportional chamber - Google Patents
Method and system for measuring gas tritium based on multi-wire proportional chamber Download PDFInfo
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- CN102928864A CN102928864A CN2012104297982A CN201210429798A CN102928864A CN 102928864 A CN102928864 A CN 102928864A CN 2012104297982 A CN2012104297982 A CN 2012104297982A CN 201210429798 A CN201210429798 A CN 201210429798A CN 102928864 A CN102928864 A CN 102928864A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for measuring a gas tritium based on a multi-wire proportional chamber. The method comprises the following steps that: A, an exhaust device discharges air in the multi-wire proportional chamber, and a gas pressure measuring device monitors the air pressure in the multi-wire proportional chamber; B, the exhaust device extracts an air sample containing gas tritium, the air sample is mixed with a working gas in a certain ratio through a gas mixing device, and then the mixed is output to a gas purifying device; C, the mixed gas is purified by the gas purifying device and is output to the multi-wire proportional chamber through an electromagnetic valve; and D, the anode wire of the multi-wire proportional chamber is connected with a positive high pressure, a beta-ray generated from the decay of the gas tritium entering the multi-wire proportional chamber is electrically separated from the working gas, the avalanche amplification is carried out under the action of a high voltage electric field, a pulse signal is output, and the pulse signal is obtained and identified by a data obtaining system so as to realize the measurement of the gas tritium. According to the method, the defects of an existing gas tritium measuring method, such as working efficiency, precision and sensitivity in the measurement, are overcome, the measurement of the environment gas tritium is accurately realized, and active demands on the gas tritium measurement of an existing tritium environment are met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the nuclear radiation detection field, be specifically related to detection method and the system of environment gaseous state tritium in the radiation protection field.
Background technology
Human isotope-tritium of finding hydrogen is gone back not enough century-old history, and after nineteen sixty-five, tritium just enters in the middle of the large-scale activity in production.Tritium has many-sided application in medical science, scientific research, industry especially nuclear industry field, and particularly as the main light material of nuclear fusion reaction, tritium is to make the indispensable nuclear material of fusion nucleus weapon.Tritium is the unique radioactive isotope of hydrogen, has very strong perviousness.Tritium contacts any material and all can infiltrate wherein, and passes material at certain hour with certain permeability.Because tritium is very easily water-soluble, the micro-tritium that infiltrates air in the tritium facility tritium process system, tritium vessel valve and the glove box exists with HT, T2 state, after they are oxidized, can be transformed into HTO, T2O state.All can cause artificial tritium to spread to nature because the tritium-permeation that the inner tritium parts of nuclear facilities produce, process pipeline surface tritium pollute, contain tritium toxic emission, ventilation and contain tritium dust diffusion etc., form atmospheric pollution, and with Atmospheric Flow, near the regional area the tritium facility can form the high plume district of tritium concentration.Ambient atmosphere tritium concentration and natural background in tritium facility near zone have remarkable difference.Be accompanied by the fast development of nuclear industry, fission reactor, thermonuclear material tritium are produced and recvery facility, and nuclear fuel reprocessing plant is the major way that the active service nuclear facilities generated and discharged tritium.In the process that tritium facility and associated production activity are carried out, low concentration contain tritium waste gas and waste water can be discharged in the environment.Tritium in the environment except directly being absorbed by the people by empty G﹠W, also can be absorbed by plant and animal, and be transferred in the human body via these animals and plants food, thereby shine into interior radiation.Therefore, how effectively the gaseous state tritium concentration in the monitoring of environmental becomes the radiation proof hot issue of tritium.
In order farthest to avoid the staff to touch radiomaterial by modes such as respiratory tract, skin contacts, need the gaseous state tritium concentration in the timely monitoring of environmental.Since finding tritium in 1934, never stop for research, the exploitation of tritium, corresponding monitoring protection technology also never stops.But because flowability, diffusivity and the radioactivity of gaseous state tritium are relatively high to the requirement of gaseous state tritium instrument or correlation method, need a kind of high-level efficiency, good stability and have the measuring system of low background.
Some developed countries begin to carry out the research work of radiation protection and relevant measurement method.In the U.S., the 1950's, radiation proof emphasis is the safety that ensures operating personnel in the production of tritium and the processing procedure, and except tritium system is widely used gradually, thereby make tritium to the discharge capacity decrease of ambient atmosphere the seventies.Simultaneously, external correlative study unit is also doing a lot of work aspect the exploitation of the monitoring instrument of tritium.Have in complex mechanical system design and tritium improvement field such as: Britain Tyne company to surpass the experience in 20 years, developed the instrument part of 1000cc ionization chamber, rear end and surface pollution measuring instrument etc.The MARC7000 of France SDEC company development adopts proportional counter tube as detector, can realize the continuous monitoring to full tritium in the air.The LB124 portable surface pollution detection instrument that Germany Berthold company produces can be to α, and the surface contamination of β and γ is measured simultaneously, is widely used in to survey floor, body of wall, desk, object, clothing, the surface contamination of skin etc.And the state such as Japanese, Russian has carried out the research of gaseous state, liquid tritium measuring method as far back as the eighties.
Along with moving forward steadily of China's nuclear cause, can have gaseous state tritium waste gas in various degree in the working environment of nuclear reactor, nuclear power station, ITER plan etc., the key units such as China Engineering Physics Research Institute, Chinese radiation protection institute, atomic energy science and technology research institute have carried out a large amount of basic researchs to the correlation processing technique of tritium under the varying environment in recent years.The technical research work that China's tritium is monitored starts from the sixties, and emphasis at that time is that the interior workplace air of nuclear facilities and the monitoring of producing tritium in the lower water reach the security protection to the staff.The earliest report of border tritium monitoring sees the latter stage seventies, and paid attention to owing to nationwide several times environmental radio activity level investigation and develop the eighties.What come into operation at the scene the earliest is the semicircle flow gas difference ionization chamber of 5L of Chinese atomic energy institute development, and measuring chamber is combined tubular double ionization chamber of formation with compensated chamber's full symmetric.At the beginning of the seventies, nuclear instrument factory in Xi'an develops the fully transistorized condenser type electrometer of China's First.In water aspect the monitoring of tritium, atomic energy institute and the joint research and development success China First FJ-353 of Xi'an nuclear instrument factory two pass liquid scintillation counter.The sharp grade of the official of China Engineering Physics Research Institute has been described on-Line Monitor Device---the flow gas direct ratio number system of tritium in the cover product tritium loop in " producing the on-line monitoring research of tritium in the tritium loop ".
Specific activity～the 356TBq/g of tritium, it is pure beta radiator, the ceiling capacity of its ray is 18.6keV, average energy is 5.67keV, 12.35 half life period, maximum range 69um in water, mean range 0.6um, aerial maximum range is 5mm approximately, because the elastic scattering of β ray and matter interaction, its distance maximum is about 20mm, general β radiation detector is difficult to survey, and the β particle energy that the gaseous state tritium radiates in the environment simultaneously is relatively low, easily is subject to the interference of natural gamma ray and cosmic rays, be necessary in measuring process, effectively to screen radiation or other radioactive nuclide of other form, design a kind of gaseous state tritium concentration measuring system that can improve low energy beta detection efficient.
60 ~ seventies, for adapting to the needs of China's nuclear industry development, although the protection of the tritium of China has obtained very great development with monitoring technology, successfully develop a collection of tritium monitoring and graduation apparatus, satisfied in-site measurement requirement at that time.But should see, after the special eighties, at the on-the-spot protective survey technical elements of tritium, such as the high sensitivity tritium monitor, be used for the real-time tritium monitor of the inert gas screened of fission-type reactor monitoring and the development that can screen the real-time tritium monitor of measuring HTO-HT, and the supporting aspect of tritium monitoring system, compare with advanced international standard, larger gap is arranged.
Measure at present the gaseous state tritium and mainly adopt the methods such as flow gas difference ionization chamber, proportional counter tube, liquid scintillation bulk measurement, wherein using the interior inflatable proportional counter tube of length compensation method, is the highest gaseous radioactivity activity absolute measurement device of internationally recognized accuracy.For adopting the flow gas difference ionization chamber to survey the tritium method, then the rapid suction of tested air enters measuring chamber by ion trap, realizes the measurement of tritium by measuring the weak current that produces.For surveying the tritium ionization chamber, an important problem is because the background that environmental γ external radiation and cosmic rays produce.Although reduce the interference of environmental γ background by the differential compensation mode, for the interference of cosmic rays, not yet effectively effectively study.Simultaneously, because the Beta-ray energy that the tritium decay produces is very weak, the ion-electron that ionization produces is few to quantity, for ionization chamber, a little less than the electric current that tritium ionization produces is atomic, be difficult to be surveyed by subsequent conditioning circuit, its detection limit can be under some influence, so it can only be fit to the environment that some high concentration gaseous state tritiums are measured.
The liquid scintillator measuring method is that airborne gaseous state tritium is collected concentrated, liquid and dodged the steps such as measurement, and can obtain preferably detection limit by collecting accumulated samples, electrolysis.Low concentration HTO is easy to use the liquid flashing counting device to measure in the air, but key is how effectively airborne HTO to be transferred in the scintillation solution, its operating process is complicated, if misoperation is easily shone into radiation pollution to the operator, the cost of scintillation solution is high in addition, normally disposable use, after measurement is complete, need to carry out special processing, this has all brought inconvenience to real work.Also easily be subjected to simultaneously the impact of environmental γ background and cosmic rays background, so the liquid scintillator measuring method is subject to certain restrictions also.
Because the β ray that tritium beta decay produces is mainly low energy ray, and when the β ray of low energy and matter interaction, its main energy loss is for ionizing and exciting, and its initial ionization can reach 7700 pairs of ion pairs than Du Yue, and this detection to tritium is extremely beneficial.This character based on tritium, consider from detection efficiency and the simple and easy degree of operation of system, scientist has studied the theory of utilizing proportional counter to carry out the low energy beta detection, utilizing this gas detector to detect tritium decay radiates the percent of β particle and can up to 85 ~ 90%, can realize quick, convenient, efficiently the measurement of gaseous state tritium concentration in the environment.
Although the proportional counter tube volume is little, detection efficiency is high, to tritium such as the HT of some form higher detection sensitivity can be arranged.But proportional counter will be operated in the corresponding working gas, too much when containing the tritium surrounding air when wherein sneaking into, can affect its detection performance, therefore can only in working gas, sneak into a certain proportion of tritium surrounding air that contains, experimental study shows, the air that contains the tritium environment shared ratio in the proportional counter working gas can not shine into impact to the detector detection performance less than 1% the time basically.This available gas that must affect proportional counter is surveyed volume, thereby affects detection sensitivity.
Nineteen sixty-eight, the people such as proper Parker develop First multiwire proportional chamber (MWPC) in European particle physics research centre (CERN), realized the breakthrough of gas detector on the particle track measuring technique.Development through decades, multiwire proportional chamber has the characteristics such as counting rate is high, the position resolution precision is high, the sensitive detection volume is large, it is not only tested at particle physics, and is widely used in fields such as astrophysics, solid state physics, biology, medical physicses.
The detection efficiency of MWPC depends on the ionization ion logarithm that produces and be collected in the cabinet, and typical multiwire chamber generally can be up to 99% for the detection efficiency of minimum ionization particle.Because multiwire proportional chamber has identical gaseous state tritium detection principle with proportional counter, in view of the result of study of proportional counter tube to the gaseous state tritium, while is for the character characteristics of gaseous state tritium, can use multiwire proportional chamber as the detector of environment gaseous state tritium, this can effectively increase detector the available gas of gaseous state tritium is surveyed volume, thereby improves the detection sensitivity of gaseous state tritium.Not yet find at present to have both at home and abroad to use MWPC to use the research of surveying with the gaseous state tritium, so the present invention has novelty.
It mainly is universe high-energy ray and environmental γ background that environmental exact details disturbs, multiwire proportional chamber is to the High detect efficiency of cosmic rays, can adopt MWPC multi-layer wire coincidence method to eliminate the impact of cosmic rays, also weaken simultaneously the impact of high-energy environment γ radiation background, and gamma-rays is not charged, multiwire proportional chamber is original just lower to its detection efficiency, therefore, can guarantee lower environmental γ radiation background.The signal characteristic that the signal characteristic that forms at MWPC for cosmic rays and environmental exact details γ simultaneously and gaseous state tritium form at MWPC, the signal digitalized treatment technology of available core, acquisition gaseous state tritium characteristic signal, thus further eliminate the impact of environmental exact details.
Present world energy sources of new generation--monitoring of tritium and control become a new field of specializing in.Along with the expansion of China's controlled thermonuclear fusion research thing scale, environmentally safe and operating personnel's protection question can be subject to very high attention for tritium, and the tritium monitoring technology will obtain again new attention and development.Therefore the present invention is the needs that meet China's nuclear industry development, has boundless application prospect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to require relatively high for gaseous state tritium surveying instrument method, need the characteristics such as high-level efficiency, good stability, low background, invented and utilized multiwire proportional chamber to carry out the detection of gaseous state tritium as nuclear radiation detector, for the gaseous state tritium concentration in the monitoring of environmental provides a kind of new method and technological means.Method provided by the present invention is reasonable, theoretical foundation is abundant, the technical scheme mature and feasible that realizes, can overcome the defective that existing gaseous state tritium measuring method exists, such as problems such as surveying work efficient, precision, sensitivity, can accurately realize the measurement of environment gaseous state tritium, satisfy the existing active demand that tritium environment gaseous state tritium is measured that relates to.
For reaching the foregoing invention purpose, the invention provides a kind of based on multiwire proportional chamber gaseous state tritium measuring method and system, the method concrete steps comprise: A. gets rid of the multiwire proportional chamber inner air by exhaust apparatus, air pressure measuring apparatus monitoring multiwire proportional chamber air pressure inside; B. extract by air extractor and contain gaseous state tritium air sample, and output to gas cleaning unit after working gas mixes by gas mixer by fixed proportion; C. purify by gas cleaning unit and be input to multiwire proportional chamber by solenoid valve; D. the multiwire proportional chamber anodic wire connects positive high voltage, enters the beta-ray ionization working gas of the gaseous state tritium decay generation of multiwire proportional chamber, snowslide occurs under the high-voltage electric field effect amplify and output pulse signal, is obtained by data-acquisition system; E. data-acquisition system disturbs identification signal validity by meeting signal null method elimination cosmic rays, thereby realizes the measurement of gaseous state tritium; System specifically comprises: test environment gaseous state tritium, air extractor, working gas, gas mixer, gas cleaning unit, electromagnetic gas valve, multiwire proportional chamber, data-acquisition system, air pressure measuring apparatus and high-tension unit; The air extractor air intake opening connects test environment gaseous state tritium, and the gas outlet links to each other with the gas mixer air intake opening; Working gas is input to the gas mixer air intake opening; The gas mixer gas outlet links to each other with the gas cleaning unit air intake opening; The gas cleaning unit gas outlet links to each other with the multiwire proportional chamber air intake opening through electromagnetic gas valve; The multiwire proportional chamber gas outlet links to each other through the electromagnetic gas valve exhaust apparatus; The multiwire proportional chamber signal output part links to each other with data-acquisition system; Air pressure measuring apparatus and high-tension unit link to each other with multiwire proportional chamber.
According to provided by the invention a kind of based on multiwire proportional chamber gaseous state tritium measuring method and system, it is characterized in that: described test environment gaseous state tritium is that tritium-permeation, process pipeline surface tritium that the inner tritium parts of nuclear facilities produce pollute, contain tritium toxic emission, ventilation and contain the diffusion of tritium dust and cause artificial tritium to spread to nature, infiltrates the gaseous state tritium that the micro-tritium of air exists with HT, T2 state.
According to provided by the invention a kind of based on multiwire proportional chamber gaseous state tritium measuring method and system, it is characterized in that: described air extractor is by vacuum air pump test environment to be contained gaseous state tritium air to be drawn into multiwire proportional chamber detector inside through gas mixer, gas cleaning unit, electromagnetic gas valve.
According to provided by the invention a kind of based on multiwire proportional chamber gaseous state tritium measuring method and system, it is characterized in that: described gas mixer comprises many group gas input ports and one group of mixed gas output port and each road gas input flow rate control module, and what make input respectively organizes gas by certain component ratio and flow output.
According to provided by the invention a kind of based on multiwire proportional chamber gaseous state tritium measuring method and system, it is characterized in that: described gas cleaning unit, in air intake opening (1) and gas outlet (4) near gas cleaning unit a slice miillpore filter (3) is installed respectively, the airborne particulate matter of filtering is between air intake opening and the miillpore filter, between gas outlet and the miillpore filter and all leave gas buffer chamber (2) between two miillpore filters.
According to provided by the invention a kind of based on multiwire proportional chamber gaseous state tritium measuring method and system, it is characterized in that: the output high pressure of described high-tension unit is connected with multiwire proportional chamber anodic wire (6) by high pressure RC filtration module.
According to provided by the invention a kind of based on multiwire proportional chamber gaseous state tritium measuring method and system, it is characterized in that: described data-acquisition system comprises up and down two-way multiwire proportional chamber output signal, two-way front-end electronics module, logical AND gate, two-way digitizing charge spectrometer, data analysis module, human-computer interaction module; The front-end electronics module adopts charge sensitive amplifier, and output signal comprises triggering logic pulse signal and charge pulse signal; Front-end electronics module (7) is sealed in the shielding box (8), and front-end electronics module working power input end (9), front-end electronics module by signal input end (10) and signal output part (11) are housed on the shielding box; Front-end electronics module by signal input end is connected with multiwire proportional chamber signal output interface (12); The signal output of front-end electronics module links to each other with digitizing charge spectrometer signal input part by shielding line; The β ray that the gaseous state tritium decay that is detected by the multiwire proportional chamber detector by front-end electronics module and the collection of digitizing charge spectrometer produces; Analyze these β ray informations that are detected and export by human-computer interaction module by data analysis module, thereby realize the measurement of environment gaseous state tritium.
According to provided by the invention a kind of based on multiwire proportional chamber gaseous state tritium measuring method and system, it is characterized in that: described multiwire proportional chamber mainly is made of (14) two multiwire proportional chambers that structure is identical of upper multiwire proportional chamber (13) and lower multiwire proportional chamber, each multiwire proportional chamber connects independently independently digitizing charge spectrometer of front-end electronics module and two, two front-end electronics modules trigger the logic pulse signal output terminal and connect the logical AND gate input end, and the charge pulse output terminal connects digitizing charge spectrometer charge pulse signal input part; The logical AND gate output terminal connects digitizing charge spectrometer Low level effective control end.
According to provided by the invention a kind of based on multiwire proportional chamber gaseous state tritium measuring method and system, it is characterized in that: described multiwire proportional chamber structure specifically comprises: cathode shell aluminum alloy frame (15), air intake opening (16), gas outlet, high input voltage interface (17), signal output port, anodic wire teflon insulation support (18), up and down aluminium alloy seal cover board (19), sealed loop-pad (20), anodic wire; Air intake opening, gas outlet, high input voltage interface and signal output port are installed in negative electrode aluminum alloy frame side; The high input voltage port links to each other with the multiwire proportional chamber anodic wire through high pressure RC filtration module; Signal output port links to each other with anodic wire by the high pressure capacitance; Limited impression (22) is left in cathode shell aluminum alloy frame bottom, and the multiwire proportional chamber up and down anodic wire teflon insulation support of both sides passes fixing threaded hole (21) by screw and is fixed in the limited impression of cathode shell aluminum alloy frame bottom; The anodic wire of the anodic wire teflon insulation support side evenly distributed delegation in center is installed via hole (23), and the lateral surface center is left groove (24) and is used for the anodic wire installation, and annotates with high Silicon-On-Insulator rubber seal; Anodic wire is that diameter is 35 microns gold-plated tungsten wire, passes anodic wire installation via hole and is fixed on the anodic wire teflon insulation support; The aluminium alloy seal cover board is installed on the cathode shell aluminum alloy frame by seal cover board fixed screw (25) up and down, connects to consist of two seal chambers after the slit is sealed by sealed loop-pad.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is based on multiwire proportional chamber gaseous state tritium measuring system pie graph
Accompanying drawing 2 is the gas cleaning unit structural drawing
Accompanying drawing 3 is the data-acquisition system composition diagram
Accompanying drawing 4 is front-end electronics module installation structure cut-open view
Accompanying drawing 5 is multiwire proportional chamber structure cut-open view
Accompanying drawing 6 is multiwire proportional chamber STRUCTURE DECOMPOSITION figure
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.
Fig. 1 is based on multiwire proportional chamber gaseous state tritium measuring system pie graph.System specifically comprises: test environment gaseous state tritium, air extractor, working gas, gas mixer, gas cleaning unit, electromagnetic gas valve, multiwire proportional chamber, data-acquisition system, air pressure measuring apparatus and high-tension unit; The air extractor air intake opening connects test environment gaseous state tritium, and the gas outlet links to each other with the gas mixer air intake opening; Working gas is input to the gas mixer air intake opening; The gas mixer gas outlet links to each other with the gas cleaning unit air intake opening; The gas cleaning unit gas outlet links to each other with the multiwire proportional chamber air intake opening through electromagnetic gas valve; The multiwire proportional chamber gas outlet links to each other through the electromagnetic gas valve exhaust apparatus; The multiwire proportional chamber signal output part links to each other with data-acquisition system; Air pressure measuring apparatus and high-tension unit link to each other with multiwire proportional chamber.
Method specific works step comprises: A. gets rid of the air of multiwire proportional chamber inside by exhaust apparatus, air pressure measuring apparatus monitoring multiwire proportional chamber air pressure inside; B. extract by air extractor and contain gaseous state tritium air sample, and output to gas cleaning unit after working gas mixes by gas mixer by fixed proportion; C. purify by gas cleaning unit and be input to multiwire proportional chamber by solenoid valve; D. the multiwire proportional chamber anodic wire connects positive high voltage, enters the beta-ray ionization working gas of the gaseous state tritium decay generation of multiwire proportional chamber, snowslide occurs under the high-voltage electric field effect amplify and output pulse signal, is obtained by data-acquisition system; E. data-acquisition system disturbs identification signal validity by meeting signal null method elimination cosmic rays, thereby realizes the measurement of gaseous state tritium;
Fig. 2 is the gas cleaning unit structural drawing.In air intake opening (1) and gas outlet (4) near gas cleaning unit a slice miillpore filter (3) is installed respectively, the airborne particulate matter of filtering is between air intake opening and the miillpore filter, between gas outlet and the miillpore filter and all leave gas buffer chamber (2) between two miillpore filters.
Fig. 3 is the data-acquisition system composition diagram.System comprises up and down two-way multiwire proportional chamber output signal, front-end electronics module, logical AND gate, digitizing charge spectrometer, data analysis module, human-computer interaction module; The front-end electronics module adopts charge sensitive amplifier, and output signal comprises start pulse signal and charge pulse signal; Each multiwire proportional chamber connects independently independently digitizing charge spectrometer of front-end electronics module and two, two front-end electronics modules trigger the logic pulse signal output terminal and connect the logical AND gate input end, and the charge pulse output terminal connects digitizing charge spectrometer charge pulse signal input part; The logical AND gate output terminal connects digitizing charge spectrometer Low level effective control end.The β ray that the gaseous state tritium decay that is detected by the multiwire proportional chamber detector by front-end electronics module and the collection of digitizing charge spectrometer produces; Analyze these β ray informations that are detected and export by human-computer interaction module by data analysis module, thereby realize the measurement of environment gaseous state tritium.
Fig. 4 is front-end electronics module installation structure cut-open view.Front-end electronics module (7) is sealed in the shielding box (8), and front-end electronics module working power input end (9), front-end electronics module by signal input end (10) and signal output part (11) are housed on the shielding box; Front-end electronics module by signal input end is connected with multiwire proportional chamber signal output interface (12); The signal output of front-end electronics module links to each other with digitizing charge spectrometer signal input part by shielding line;
Fig. 5 is multiwire proportional chamber structure cut-open view, and Fig. 6 is multiwire proportional chamber STRUCTURE DECOMPOSITION figure.Cathode shell aluminum alloy frame (15), air intake opening (16), gas outlet, high input voltage interface (17), signal output port, anodic wire teflon insulation support (18), up and down aluminium alloy seal cover board (19), sealed loop-pad (20), anodic wire; Air intake opening, gas outlet, high input voltage interface and signal output port are installed in negative electrode aluminum alloy frame side; The high input voltage port links to each other with the multiwire proportional chamber anodic wire through high pressure RC filtration module; Signal output port links to each other with anodic wire by the high pressure capacitance; Limited impression (22) is left in cathode shell aluminum alloy frame bottom, and the multiwire proportional chamber up and down anodic wire teflon insulation support of both sides passes fixing threaded hole (21) by screw and is fixed in the limited impression of cathode shell aluminum alloy frame bottom; The anodic wire of the anodic wire teflon insulation support side evenly distributed delegation in center is installed via hole (23), and the lateral surface center is left groove (24) and is used for the anodic wire installation, and annotates with high Silicon-On-Insulator rubber seal; Anodic wire is that diameter is 35 microns gold-plated tungsten wire, passes anodic wire installation via hole and is fixed on the anodic wire teflon insulation support; The aluminium alloy seal cover board is installed on the cathode shell aluminum alloy frame by seal cover board fixed screw (25) up and down, connects to consist of two seal chambers after the slit is sealed by sealed loop-pad.
The above only is preferred implementation of the present invention; should be understood that; for those skilled in the art; under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these various improvements and modifications that do not need creative work just can make also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. one kind based on multiwire proportional chamber gaseous state tritium measuring method and system, it is characterized in that, the method concrete steps comprise: A. gets rid of the multiwire proportional chamber inner air by exhaust apparatus, air pressure measuring apparatus monitoring multiwire proportional chamber air pressure inside; B. extract by air extractor and contain gaseous state tritium air sample, and output to gas cleaning unit after working gas mixes by gas mixer by fixed proportion; C. purify by gas cleaning unit and be input to multiwire proportional chamber by solenoid valve; D. the multiwire proportional chamber anodic wire connects positive high voltage, enters the beta-ray ionization working gas of the gaseous state tritium decay generation of multiwire proportional chamber, snowslide occurs under the high-voltage electric field effect amplify and output pulse signal, is obtained by data-acquisition system; E. data-acquisition system disturbs identification signal validity by meeting signal null method elimination cosmic rays, thereby realizes the measurement of gaseous state tritium; System specifically comprises: test environment gaseous state tritium, air extractor, working gas, gas mixer, gas cleaning unit, electromagnetic gas valve, multiwire proportional chamber, data-acquisition system, air pressure measuring apparatus and high-tension unit; The air extractor air intake opening connects test environment gaseous state tritium, and the gas outlet links to each other with the gas mixer air intake opening; Working gas is input to the gas mixer air intake opening; The gas mixer gas outlet links to each other with the gas cleaning unit air intake opening; The gas cleaning unit gas outlet links to each other with the multiwire proportional chamber air intake opening through electromagnetic gas valve; The multiwire proportional chamber gas outlet links to each other through the electromagnetic gas valve exhaust apparatus; The multiwire proportional chamber signal output part links to each other with data-acquisition system; Air pressure measuring apparatus and high-tension unit link to each other with multiwire proportional chamber.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of based on multiwire proportional chamber gaseous state tritium measuring method and system, it is characterized in that: described test environment gaseous state tritium is that tritium-permeation, process pipeline surface tritium that the inner tritium parts of nuclear facilities produce pollute, contain tritium toxic emission, ventilation and contain the diffusion of tritium dust and cause artificial tritium to spread to nature, infiltrates the gaseous state tritium that the micro-tritium of air exists with HT, T2 state.
3. according to claim 1 a kind of based on multiwire proportional chamber gaseous state tritium measuring method and system, it is characterized in that: described air extractor is by vacuum air pump test environment to be contained gaseous state tritium air to be drawn into multiwire proportional chamber detector inside through gas mixer, gas cleaning unit, electromagnetic gas valve.
4. according to claim 1 a kind of based on multiwire proportional chamber gaseous state tritium measuring method and system, it is characterized in that: described gas mixer comprises many group gas input ports and one group of mixed gas output port and each road gas input flow rate control module, and what make input respectively organizes gas by certain component ratio and flow output.
5. according to claim 1 a kind of based on multiwire proportional chamber gaseous state tritium measuring method and system, it is characterized in that: described gas cleaning unit, in air intake opening (1) and gas outlet (4) near gas cleaning unit a slice miillpore filter (3) is installed respectively, the airborne particulate matter of filtering is between air intake opening and the miillpore filter, between gas outlet and the miillpore filter and all leave gas buffer chamber (2) between two miillpore filters.
6. according to claim 1 a kind of based on multiwire proportional chamber gaseous state tritium measuring method and system, it is characterized in that: the output high pressure of described high-tension unit is connected with multiwire proportional chamber anodic wire (6) by high pressure RC filtration module.
7. according to claim 1 a kind of based on multiwire proportional chamber gaseous state tritium measuring method and system, it is characterized in that: described data-acquisition system comprises up and down two-way multiwire proportional chamber output signal, two-way front-end electronics module, logical AND gate, two-way digitizing charge spectrometer, data analysis module, human-computer interaction module; The front-end electronics module adopts charge sensitive amplifier, and output signal comprises triggering logic pulse signal and charge pulse signal; Front-end electronics module (7) is sealed in the shielding box (8), and front-end electronics module working power input end (9), front-end electronics module by signal input end (10) and signal output part (11) are housed on the shielding box; Front-end electronics module by signal input end is connected with multiwire proportional chamber signal output interface (12); The signal output of front-end electronics module links to each other with digitizing charge spectrometer signal input part by shielding line; The β ray that the gaseous state tritium decay that is detected by the multiwire proportional chamber detector by front-end electronics module and the collection of digitizing charge spectrometer produces; Analyze these β ray informations that are detected and export by human-computer interaction module by data analysis module, thereby realize the measurement of environment gaseous state tritium.
8. according to claim 1 a kind of based on multiwire proportional chamber gaseous state tritium measuring method and system, it is characterized in that: described multiwire proportional chamber mainly is made of (14) two multiwire proportional chambers that structure is identical of upper multiwire proportional chamber (13) and lower multiwire proportional chamber, each multiwire proportional chamber connects independently independently digitizing charge spectrometer of front-end electronics module and two, two front-end electronics modules trigger the logic pulse signal output terminal and connect the logical AND gate input end, and the charge pulse output terminal connects digitizing charge spectrometer charge pulse signal input part; The logical AND gate output terminal connects digitizing charge spectrometer Low level effective control end.
9. according to claim 1 a kind of based on multiwire proportional chamber gaseous state tritium measuring method and system, it is characterized in that: described multiwire proportional chamber structure specifically comprises: cathode shell aluminum alloy frame (15), air intake opening (16), gas outlet, high input voltage interface (17), signal output port, anodic wire teflon insulation support (18), up and down aluminium alloy seal cover board (19), sealed loop-pad (20), anodic wire; Air intake opening, gas outlet, high input voltage interface and signal output port are installed in negative electrode aluminum alloy frame side; The high input voltage port links to each other with the multiwire proportional chamber anodic wire through high pressure RC filtration module; Signal output port links to each other with anodic wire by the high pressure capacitance; Limited impression (22) is left in cathode shell aluminum alloy frame bottom, and the multiwire proportional chamber up and down anodic wire teflon insulation support of both sides passes fixing threaded hole (21) by screw and is fixed in the limited impression of cathode shell aluminum alloy frame bottom; The anodic wire of the anodic wire teflon insulation support side evenly distributed delegation in center is installed via hole (23), and the lateral surface center is left groove (24) and is used for the anodic wire installation, and annotates with high Silicon-On-Insulator rubber seal; Anodic wire is that diameter is 35 microns gold-plated tungsten wire, passes anodic wire installation via hole and is fixed on the anodic wire teflon insulation support; The aluminium alloy seal cover board is installed on the cathode shell aluminum alloy frame by seal cover board fixed screw (25) up and down, connects to consist of two seal chambers after the slit is sealed by sealed loop-pad.
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| CN103926615A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2014-07-16 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Two-pi multi-wire gas-flow proportional counter |
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| CN105629285A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-06-01 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Multifilament proportional counter |
| CN106772535A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 上海新漫传感技术研究发展有限公司 | One kind is two-tube to meet cylindrical gas-flow proportional counter tube |
| CN107656303A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-02-02 | 成都大学 | A kind of ultralow background alpha activity measurement apparatus and its design method |
| CN110058290A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-07-26 | 上海仁机仪器仪表有限公司 | A kind of anticoincidence flow gas multiwire proportional counter |
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| CN103475489A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2013-12-25 | 重庆大学 | Tritium concentration monitoring terminal and method based on encryption communication |
| CN103475489B (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-05-11 | 重庆大学 | Tritium concentration monitor terminal and method based on coded communication |
| CN103926615A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2014-07-16 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Two-pi multi-wire gas-flow proportional counter |
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| CN105137471A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2015-12-09 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | Low-energy [beta] nuclide surface pollution detection system and method capable of inhibiting [gamma] interference |
| CN105137471B (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2018-07-06 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | A kind of low-energy β nuclide surface contamination detection system and method for inhibiting γ interference |
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| CN105629285A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-06-01 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Multifilament proportional counter |
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| CN107656303A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-02-02 | 成都大学 | A kind of ultralow background alpha activity measurement apparatus and its design method |
| CN107656303B (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2023-04-07 | 成都大学 | Ultralow background alpha radioactivity measuring device and design method thereof |
| CN110058290A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-07-26 | 上海仁机仪器仪表有限公司 | A kind of anticoincidence flow gas multiwire proportional counter |
| CN110780332A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-02-11 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | System and method for measuring transformation rate of element state T and oxidation state T in environment |
| CN110780332B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-06-29 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | System and method for measuring transformation rate of element state T and oxidation state T in environment |
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| CN114488269B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2024-09-27 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Proportional counter |
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