CN103267079B - A kind of friction damper - Google Patents

A kind of friction damper Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103267079B
CN103267079B CN201310080917.2A CN201310080917A CN103267079B CN 103267079 B CN103267079 B CN 103267079B CN 201310080917 A CN201310080917 A CN 201310080917A CN 103267079 B CN103267079 B CN 103267079B
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China
Prior art keywords
bundled tube
plunger
friction
present
friction damper
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CN103267079A (en
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尹学军
孔祥斐
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QINGZHOU CREATE HEAVY INDUSTRY Co Ltd
QINGDAO CREATE ENVIRONMENT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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QINGZHOU CREATE HEAVY INDUSTRY Co Ltd
QINGDAO CREATE ENVIRONMENT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/08—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers with friction surfaces rectilinearly movable along each other
    • F16F7/09—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers with friction surfaces rectilinearly movable along each other in dampers of the cylinder-and-piston type

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of friction damper.It comprises plunger and about bundled tube, feature be about bundled tube outer surface on the working surface of corresponding about bundled tube inwall be provided with the closed tighting device for support of hoop, the working surface close contact of plunger at least local and about bundled tube inwall, or plunger and about bundled tube cooperatively interacted by friction element or wear resistant and rustproof layer.The present invention is compared with the damper of other structure, have that structure is simple, without precise part, tonnage is large, stroke is large, cost is low, stable performance, reliable operation, can reset when being provided with discharge mechanism, substantially long without the need to maintenance, life-span, can continue after maintenance to use, there is regenerative nature, very environmental protection.Multiple fields such as industry, building, railway, bridge can be widely used in.

Description

A kind of friction damper
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of shock and vibration, earthquake control gear, a kind of damper, the shock-damping energy-dissipating damper of especially industry buffering and building structure.
Background technique
Damper is a kind of widely used vibration control primary element, for the vibration damping of machinery, the traffic tool, bridge, building structure, buffering, damping, power consumption.
Modal damper is hole throttle type, also hydraulic oil cylinder type is claimed, it is made up of piston, cylinder body and sealing, piston be provided with some apertures or and cylinder body between leave suitable radial clearance, oil cylinder is divided into two-piston chamber by piston, hydraulic oil or the slightly high viscous liquid of viscosity is filled with in piston cavity, as silicone oil, when piston is relative to cylinder movement, hydraulic oil flows to another piston cavity from piston clearance or aperture, and two-piston cavity pressure difference forms the resistance to motion to piston, acting, be heat energy by changes mechanical energy, thus reach the object absorbing outside energy.This damper is updated through decades, very perfect.Such as, but due to structure aspect, have born defect, must adopt strict sealing, complex structure, to machining accuracy and parts reliability sensitivity, cost is high, and the life-span is short, and cannot keep in repair, working oil leaks easy befouling environment etc.
Another kind of conventional damper is frcition damper, and it is for energy dissipating buffering, the energy-dissipating and shock-absorbing of bridge, building structure.At present, conventional frcition damper is mainly divided into two classes: a class utilizes calutron to control force of sliding friction, such as a kind of magnetically controlled friction damper disclosed in application number 018007365.4 patent, this type of damper structure is complicated, need certain energy in using process, therefore cost and user cost are all higher; The another kind of Der Grundsatz der Maschinen that utilizes controls force of sliding friction, this type of frcition damper conventional on market mainly contains flat and circular pipe type two kinds, such as, disclosed in a kind of plate-type friction-changing damper disclosed in application number 200810056406.6 patent and application number 200910210939.X patent a kind of linear displacement friction damper.In prior art, flat frcition damper is primarily of slide plate and clamping plate composition, compressed by pretension bolt and spring assembling again, owing to employing spring in structure, pretightening force is less, is difficult to realize large damping force and exports, significantly pretightening force is improved if think, spring requisite space is too large, poor practicability, is used alone pretension bolt and cannot keeps again that damping force is long-time, many cycles is stablized; The frcition damper of circular pipe type is primarily of urceolus and piston composition, the positive pressure needed for rubbing surface is formed by the interference fit of urceolus and piston, this type of frcition damper in the course of the work, rubbing surface cannot be maintained and be in high compressive pre-stress state all the time, once there are wearing and tearing in piston or outer tube inner wall, exert oneself and will decline to a great extent, damping capacity is unstable, is difficult to meet many cycles usage requirement.In addition, because this type of damper requires very high to the mated condition of urceolus and piston, therefore assembling difficulty is large, and performance parameter is wayward, and cannot keep in repair and reuse.
In addition, common damper also comprises buckling restrained brace and metallic damper, these dampers are mainly used in building antiseismic field, this type of damper only designs for macroseism usually, and limited displacement, yield force and displacement and circulation cycle have coherence, cannot keep in repair and reuse.
Because existing damper all exists above-mentioned shortcoming and contradiction, the environment protection type damper product that therefore a kind of damping capacity of market in urgent need is more stable, cost performance better, applicability is also stronger.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly to overcome above-mentioned defect, provides a kind of damping force to design, stable performance, and applicability is strong, and does not comprise the friction damper of any viscous liquid in structure.
The present invention is achieved in that and comprises plunger and about bundled tube, the working surface close contact of plunger at least local and about bundled tube inwall, and on the outer surface that it is characterized in that about bundled tube, the working surface of corresponding about bundled tube inwall is provided with the closed tighting device for support of hoop.
In order to give full play to the pretension effect of tighting device for support, the cylindrical shell of the about bundled tube coordinated with plunger is provided with at least one and stitches along the axially extended earth pressure release of cylindrical shell, or about bundled tube by least two sons about bundled tube form, as a kind of special case, son about bundled tube can be constraining rod or restraining plate, and multiple constraining rod or restraining plate surround about bundled tube coordinating with plunger.
In order to prevent tighting device for support from constraint tube outer surface slippage, tighting device for support both sides can also be provided with limit stoper, and limit stoper is about bundled tube or form position limit pin, positive stop or limited impression that the son constraint tube outer surface of about bundled tube is arranged.In order to extend the working life of tighting device for support, prevent its naked being exposed on the external from easily the problems such as corrosion occurring, can also arrange resin layer on tighting device for support surface, described resin layer can be arranged on tighting device for support surface by the resistant material such as polyurethane material, zinc by techniques such as plating, brushing or sprayings.
In friction damper of the present invention, the structure of described tighting device for support also can be varied, and tighting device for support can be made up of at least one closed pretension annulus, is interference fit between pretension annulus and constraint tube outer surface; In addition, tighting device for support can also be made up of the pretension cotton rope of about bundled tube surface wrap, and pretension cotton rope is applied with pretightening force in winding process, after being wound around, tightens cotton rope by very large hoop binding force and circumferential deformation under storage.Described pretension cotton rope is silk, line, rope or rope, and it is made up of metallic material, synthetic fiber, artificial fiber or natural fiber material.Concrete, pretension cotton rope can be made up of reinforcement wire, titanium alloy wire, carbon fiber, aramid fibre, spider silk, memory alloy or kevlar fiber, these materials have very high yield strength and tensile strength, elastic strain is high, the resiliently deformable of thus laying in is high, and hoop binding force pressure easily keeps stable.Such as, the tensile strength of prestress wire generally can reach 1720 ~ 2100MPa; Tensile strength of carbon fibers is up to 3000 ~ 3400Mpa, and Young's modulus is 210000 ~ 240000Mpa, elongation percentage 1.7%; Aramid fibre tensile strength can reach 2000MPa, and Young's modulus is 110Gpa, and elongation percentage is 2%.With plunger diameter 200mm, frictional contact surface length is the friction damper of 200mm is example, adopt traditional cartridge type frcition damper, if urceolus adopts Q345(to consider good weldability), outer wall thickness is 40mm, positive pressure is produced by the interference fit of urceolus and inner core, in order to its energy long-term work, consider the status consideration of three received strength, the circumference stress of urceolus gets 160MPa, the positive pressure of 261 tons can be produced, 0.3 is got in the friction factor between steel-steel, producible frictional force is 78 tons, the circumferential direction amount of deformation of urceolus deposit is 0.57mm, if when that is diameter wearing and tearing are for 0.1mm, pretightening force and friction are exerted oneself and will be declined 17%, when plunger diameter 200mm, frictional contact surface length be 200mm constant, if employing prestress wire, working stress gets 1600Mpa, and constraint barrel also gets 40mm, and steel strands wound is of a size of long 200mm, radial winding thickness 40mm, can produce the circumference stress of 2050 tons, i.e. the frictional force of 615 tons, the circumferential direction amount of deformation of urceolus deposit is 6.7mm, when diameter wearing and tearing are for 0.1mm, pretightening force only will decline 1.5%.Compared with traditional cartridge type frcition damper, increase only the steel strand of 12kg, just increase the frictional force of about 7 times, the frictional force of average per kilogram steel strand contribution is 51 tons, and performance and the cost performance of product all significantly promote.If adopt the material that the ratio of strength to weight such as carbon fiber, the aramid fibre ratio of material weight (tensile strength with) is higher, under same weight or spatial constraints, more remarkable product performance can be realized.
Except providing except friction damping force in single direction, friction damper of the present invention can also provide the friction damping force of multiple directions, such as, at least two about bundled tubes as required, about between bundled tube, square crossing arranges or be arranged in parallel, about at least arrange a plunger in bundled tube, square crossing also corresponding between the plunger in different about bundled tube arranges or be arranged in parallel.Utilize about bundled tube square crossing that the friction damper forming combination is set.
When in friction damper of the present invention about bundled tube by least two sons, about bundled tube is formed time, if also require that about bundled tube is relative with the position relationship that plunger coordinates fixing simultaneously, guide position limiter can be set on plunger, guide position limiter is that plunger inserts the guide limiting stopper that the local segment of about bundled tube inside is fixedly installed, and guide limiting stopper at least local is embedded in the split gap of son about between bundled tube.
In friction damper of the present invention plunger draw materials varied, plunger cross-sectional profiles shape is radially square, rectangle, circle, regular pentagon, regular hexagon, triangle or rhombus, and about the contour shape that surrounds of the inwall of bundled tube is corresponding with plunger profile.In addition, for the ease of being connected with peripheral structure, plunger is or/and about bundled tube arranges connection interface, or plunger or/and at least partly son about bundled tube arranges connection interface, described connection interface comprises connecting plate, connecting ring, threaded connector or adpting flange, and threaded connector comprises screw rod or screw.In addition, in order to prevent foreign matter from entering in friction damper of the present invention, plunger and about all right seal protection cover between bundled tube.Be about when bundled tube arranging connection interface when only there being parton, for ensureing all sons about bundled tube integrity and effectiveness operationally, and fully realizable force transmission, adjacent son about utilizes the convex-concave structure that sub about bundled tube is arranged mutually to be fitted together to and is spliced to form about bundled tube between bundled tube.
Conveniently about carry out assembling and adjusting needs such as exporting damping force between bundled tube and plunger, about the inwall of at least one side end of bundled tube is provided with transition chamfering, or plunger is at least locally cone.In addition, in order to reach the object improving damping capacity and increase the service life, prevent plunger and about bundled tube generation cold bonding company or corrosion, can in the present invention about the working surface of bundled tube or plunger friction factor be set be greater than 0.3 and the friction element made of the friction proprietary material of friction factor long-term stability, or about the working surface of bundled tube or plunger is provided with and utilizes plating, sintering, pyrolytic coating, the wear resistant and rustproof layer that laser bonding mode applies, described friction proprietary material comprises cermet material, powdered metallurgical material, Cu alloy material, carbon fibre material and brake block.In addition be noted that, the friction element that corresponding about bundled tube or plunger working surface are arranged, about bundled tube or plunger working surface to be also provided with circumferentially or the convex-concave structure of axis coordinates with friction element, friction element is under the constraint of tighting device for support, produce with convex-concave structure and mutually embed effect, can prevent friction element relative to concaveconvex structure along plunger axis to or hoop move.In addition, equally for the object of amplifying frictional force, dovetail groove can also be provided with in about bundled tube, plunger to be embedded in dovetail groove and with the sidewall close contact of dovetail groove, such plunger with about between bundled tube a corresponding dovetail groove there are two friction operation surfaces, add a friction operation surface, and be exaggerated positive pressure by wedge principle, the frictional force exported when therefore can significantly improve work.
Conveniently realize the reset of friction damper of the present invention, be about provided with pressure channel in the barrel of bundled tube or plunger, accordingly, about bundled tube inwall or plunger surface are also provided with spron, and pressure channel is communicated with spron, and pressure channel is provided with external interface.In friction damper using process, plunger and after about creating relative displacement between bundled tube, by connection interface, pressure pump machine is docked with friction damper, liquid state or solid state pressure Transfer Medium is utilized to act directly on plunger surface through pressure channel and spron, reaction force is produced to about bundled tube, offset or partial offset pretension cotton rope to the binding force of about bundled tube, as long as under having less external force to help, the smooth reset of friction damper of the present invention just can be realized.In addition, also the plunger in friction damper of the present invention can be arranged to tubulose, the plunger of tubulose is made up of at least two sub-plunger bodies, unloading mandrel is set in the cavity at plunger center, in friction damper using process, plunger and after about creating relative displacement between bundled tube, extract unloading mandrel, realize unloading, as long as under having less external force to help, the smooth reset of friction damper of the present invention just can be realized.
Friction damper of the present invention is equally also applicable to the operating mode of rotating, and such as, adopts surface to be columniform plunger, about bundled tube or plunger arrange anti-torsion flange, and the plunger of correspondence or about bundled tube are provided with rotation converting mechanism.Described rotation converting mechanism comprises tray, wheel and rack matching mechanism, sprocket wheel and chain interoperation mechanism, toothed belt and belt pulley matching mechanism, slide block and guiding groove matching mechanism or clutch mechanism etc.Utilize rotation converting mechanism by the transfer of the moving displacement of connected external structure or be converted into plunger and relatively rotating about between bundled tube, because about bundled tube surface is provided with tighting device for support, therebetween lasting surface friction drag can be produced with when about bundled tube relatively rotates at plunger, thus realize power consumption, make the motion of connected external structure be tending towards static very soon.
During friction damper work of the present invention, plunger or/and about bundled tube produce relative movement under external force vertically or around axially producing deflection, because constraint tube outer surface is provided with special tighting device for support, tighting device for support can be laid in higher stress of tightening and produce larger to about bundled tube, and very stable binding force, therefore when plunger and about bundled tube generation relative movement, about can produce the surface friction drag of an obstruction plunger motion between bundled tube inwall and plunger, this surface friction drag is always contrary with the moving direction of plunger, thus consume external force acting, be heat energy by changes mechanical energy.
Compared with conventional friction damper, friction damper tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1) owing to being provided with the closed tighting device for support of special hoop, hoop binding force and the resiliently deformable of its generation are larger, binding force is to plunger and the about wearing and tearing on bundled tube surface insensitive, very stable, positive pressure steady in a long-term can be provided at the friction surface about between bundled tube and plunger, thus ensure damping force (or damping torque, below repetition no longer one by one) stable output that is long-term, many cycles;
2) tighting device for support can adopt the high-strength tensile materials such as reinforcement wire, the main tension of material, uniform force, stress and strain level is high, therefore stock utilization is high, powerful hoop binding force can be produced, therefore friction damper of the present invention can produce very large frictional force, the tonnage of any requirement of engineering can be produced, reach kiloton level, go out force level far above existing frcition damper, and elasticity deposit high (pretension displacement is large), compensate for wear and stress relaxation can bring loss of friction.
3) the present invention is due to compact structure, for the occasion of little damping force, is suitable for too, as washing machine vibration damping.
4) because tighting device for support selection in friction damper of the present invention is various, set-up mode is various, different precompressions can be realized at the different parts of same product, therefore the attainable surface friction drag of product can be a continuous print changing value, can take into account simultaneously shake by force and the weak different operating mode such as to shake, applicability is stronger;
5) structure is simple, and cost is low, is easy to large-scale popularization application;
6) do not rely on constraint cylinder in the present invention and coordinate with the form and position tolerance between plunger the positive pressure providing friction surface, tighting device for support can install additional after assembling at about bundled tube and plunger again, therefore about between bundled tube and plunger without Fine Boring requirement, be easy to production and processing;
7) tonnage of product according to project needs, can be wound around before dispatching from the factory again in addition, the plunger of same size and urceolus, and binding force and frictional force can be different, are conducive to standardized production.Even if at the scene, adopt special tool can adjust tighting device for support at any time according to service condition change, the performance parameters such as the output of revised version invention friction damper;
8) because tighting device for support installs additional after assembling at about bundled tube and plunger again, once about bundled tube or plunger generation excessive wear, can binding force be readjusted, lengthening the life or recycling of at least part of element can be realized like this, environmental protection and economy more.
9) owing to have employed special tighting device for support, plunger and about bundled tube mainly bear positive pressure and frictional force, instead of original tensile stress, pressure stress and shearing stress, and force-bearing situation is greatly improved, and selection is wider, can pay the utmost attention to better frictional behaviour.
In addition, compared with traditional hole throttle type damper, friction damper of the present invention does not comprise any damping liquid, therefore its without the need to sealing, do not have user to restriction, there is no the hidden danger of befouling environment yet; Its damping force decides primarily of the tighting device for support that about bundled tube surface is arranged, and just can realize different damping forces by the pretightening force controlling tighting device for support, during use, damping force can design as required, can realize very large damping force; Another outstanding feature of the present invention is, its damping characteristic affects very little by the external condition such as temperature, humidity, damping capacity is very stable, and applicability is strong.
The present invention is compared with buckling restrained brace, and its mechanical model is very simple, be exactly a friction element, its damping force can not be strengthened with displacement and circulation cycle, and antidetonation simulation calculation is relatively simple, can realize very Large travel range.For same displacement, volume and rolled steel dosage are a lot of less.
In addition, friction damper of the present invention also has plurality of advantages, and such as, structure is simple, without precise part, tonnage is large, stroke is large, and therefore cost is low; Stable performance, reliable operation, can to reset when being provided with discharge mechanism; Substantially long without the need to maintenance, life-span, use can be continued after maintenance, there is regenerative nature, very environmental protection.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is one of structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the plan view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the application schematic diagram of friction damper of the present invention shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation two of friction damper of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the plan view of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is one of B-B sectional view of Fig. 5.
One of application schematic diagram that Fig. 8 is friction damper of the present invention shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 9 is the H portion enlarged view in Fig. 8.
Figure 10 is the application schematic diagram two of friction damper of the present invention shown in Fig. 5.
Figure 11 is the B-B sectional view two of Fig. 5.
Figure 12 is three and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 13 is four and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 14 is five and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 15 is the structural representation six of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 16 is the D-D sectional view of Figure 15.
Figure 17 is the application schematic diagram of friction damper of the present invention shown in Figure 15.
Figure 18 is the structural representation seven of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 19 is the E-E sectional view of Figure 18.
Figure 20 is the application schematic diagram of friction damper of the present invention shown in Figure 18.
Figure 21 is the structural representation eight of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 22 is the structural representation nine of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 23 is the F-F sectional view of Figure 22.
Figure 24 is the application schematic diagram of friction damper of the present invention shown in Figure 22.
Figure 25 is the structural representation ten of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 26 is the application schematic diagram of friction damper of the present invention shown in Figure 25.
Figure 27 is the G direction view of Figure 26.
Figure 28 is 11 of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 29 is 12 of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 30 is the H-H sectional view of Figure 29.
Figure 31 is 13 of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 32 is 14 of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 33 is the application schematic diagram of friction damper of the present invention shown in Figure 32.
Figure 34 is 15 of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 35 is 16 of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 36 is 17 of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 37 is 18 of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 38 is the J-J sectional view of Figure 37.
Figure 39 is the application schematic diagram of friction damper of the present invention shown in Figure 37.
Figure 40 is 19 of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 41 is 20 of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 42 is 21 of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 43 is the left view of Figure 42.
Figure 44 is 22 of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 45 is 23 of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 46 is the K-K sectional view of Figure 45.
Figure 47 is the application schematic diagram of friction damper of the present invention shown in Figure 45.
Figure 48 is 24 of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 49 is 25 of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 50 is 26 of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 51 is the application schematic diagram of friction damper of the present invention shown in Figure 50.
Figure 52 is 27 of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 53 is 28 and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 54 is 29 and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 55 is the M-M sectional view of Figure 54.
Figure 56 is 30 and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Figure 57 is that the N of Figure 56 is to partial enlarged drawing.
Figure 58 is 31 and application schematic diagram of the structural representation of friction damper of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
As Fig. 1, friction damper of the present invention shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, comprise plunger 1 and about bundled tube, about bundled tube by son about bundled tube 2 and son about bundled tube 3 along plunger axis to being put together, the inwall close contact of plunger 1 and sub about bundled tube 2 and 3, constraint tube outer surface is provided with tighting device for support, the pretension cotton rope 4 that the outer surface local that tighting device for support is specially sub about bundled tube 2 and 3 is wound around, pretension cotton rope 4 is specially steel wire, it is to be noted, steel wire 4 is applied with pretightening force in the process of about bundled tube surface wrap, and (generally use screw-clamped by the device for fixing end part of steel wire, not shown) pretightening force is kept, therefore certain prestressing force is remained in steel wire 4.Tighting device for support both sides are also provided with limit stoper, and limit stoper is specially the limited impression that son about bundled tube 2 and 3 outer surface is arranged, and for determining the axial position of Steel Tendon on about bundled tube, steel wire 4 is placed in the limited impression that son about bundled tube 2 and 3 outer surface arranges.
With the example that is applied as in concrete building structures, the working principle of friction damper of the present invention is described below, wherein the plunger 1 of friction damper of the present invention, son about bundled tube 2 and 3 make by steel.As shown in Figure 4, between the bridge 5 and 6 friction damper of the present invention being assemblied in the two iron leg road and bridge that uplink and downlink are set up in parallel, together with the plunger 1 of friction damper is welded and fixed with the anchoring flange 7 arranged in bridge 5, son about bundled tube 2 together with 3 are welded and fixed with the anchoring flange 8 arranged in bridge 6 respectively.When bridge 5 has train to pass through, bridge 5 can produce transverse horizontal displacement under the excitation of wheel active force, relative movement is there is with another adjacent block bridge 6, at this moment friction damper of the present invention is started working automatically, plunger 1 under the driving of bridge 5 and son about between bundled tube 2 and 3 along plunger axis to producing relative movement, due to son, about the intensity of steel wire that is wound around of bundled tube 2 and 3 outer surface is very high, and laid in very large deformation, to two sons forming about bundled tube, about bundled tube 2 and 3 generation is larger, and very stable binding force, at plunger with about form positive pressure between bundled tube, therefore when plunger and about bundled tube generation relative movement, son about can produce the surface friction drag of an obstruction plunger motion between bundled tube inwall and plunger, this surface friction drag is always contrary with the moving direction of plunger, thus consume external force acting, be heat energy by changes mechanical energy, the vibrational energy of such bridge 5 can be absorbed by friction damper consumption of the present invention very soon, realize the passive energy dissipation to bridge 5.For the pontic relative movement that earthquake produces, also there is well power consumption effect.Based on above-mentioned working principle, friction damper of the present invention can be widely used in machinery, the traffic tool, bridge, the vibration damping of building structure, buffering, power consumption.
Owing to not adopting any liquid damping material in friction damper of the present invention, do not have direction to limit when therefore using, there is not the hidden danger of leakage pollution environment yet, very little by environmental influence, compared with existing damper, its damping capacity is more stable, and applicability and the feature of environmental protection are also better.
Except the steel wire mentioned in this example, pretension cotton rope can also be silk, line, rope or the rope that other metallic material, synthetic fiber, artificial fiber or natural fiber material are made.Concrete, pretension cotton rope can be made up of steel wire, steel twist line, titanium alloy wire, carbon fiber, aramid fibre, memory alloy, spider silk or kevlar fiber etc.The damping force of friction damper of the present invention decides primarily of the pretension cotton rope of about bundled tube surface wrap, after friction factor is selected by the material of plunger and about bundled tube, different damping forces just can be realized by the stress etc. controlling the kind of pretension cotton rope, the number of turns of winding, the scope of winding and pretension, during use, damping force can design as required, and can realize very large and stable damping force.Such as, the outer surface that this routine neutron is about bundled tube 2 and 3 is only provided with limited impression in local, and in limited impression winding steel wire 4, if extend the length of limited impression, and the winding number of plies of the coiling length of corresponding increase steel wire 4 or increase steel wire 4, just can realize the effect improving damping force, damping force can reach kiloton, far above the damping force level of the highest about 200 tons of existing friction damper.In addition, another advantage of the present invention is, because steel wire 4 can be wound around in the later stage, therefore, the performance parameter of friction damper of the present invention can be revised at any time according to actual conditions, and can reclaim and reuse.In addition, because damping force mainly relies on tighting device for support to provide, and steel wire 4 can be wound around in the later stage, plunger and about can adopt Spielpassung between bundled tube, and assembling is simpler, and cost of production is lower.
In this example with plunger 1, son in friction damper of the present invention about bundled tube 2 and 3 be made for example by steel and be described, in practical application, according to the difference of service condition and the difference of required damping force, also the material such as nylon, engineering plastics can be utilized to make plunger or/and son about bundled tube, the effect of certain vibration damping, buffering, power consumption can be realized.
In addition, it should be noted that, in order to ensure that the binding force of pretension cotton rope is fully passed to plunger, preferably, son about bundled tube, when mutual split, remains with certain splicing gap, and in general, splicing gap controls to be advisable at 1 ~ 5mm.
Embodiment two
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, be with the difference of embodiment one, the outer surface of the son that limit stoper comprises steel about bundled tube 2 and 3 is welded and fixed respectively accordingly two pieces of positive stops 9 of setting, pretension cotton rope is specially the steel strand 4 that region between positive stop 9 is wrapped, for improving damping force, steel strand 4 are wound around two-layer.In addition, for the ease of being connected with peripheral structure, plunger and son about bundled tube are respectively arranged with connection interface, and described connection interface is specially the connecting plate 10 plunger 1 welding setting, and the connecting plate 11 that son about bundled tube 2 and 3 is welded and fixed respectively.In addition, in order to prevent in using process, steel strand 4 are exposed there is corrosion outside, scribbles in the surface brush of tighting device for support outermost surface steel strand 4 resin layer 200 that one deck polyurethane material forms.
Be applied between bridge 12 and bridge pier 13 with friction damper of the present invention below, be described with the use of for example with bridge pad 14.As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, friction damper of the present invention 15 shown in Fig. 5 is arranged between bridge 12 and bridge pier 13 along the length direction of bridge, also be provided with bridge pad 14 between bridge 12 and bridge pier 13, bridge pad allow bridge relative to bridge pier along along bridge to direction across bridge relative movement.For the ease of assembling with friction damper, integrated setting limited location block 42 on bridge 12, limiting stopper 42 is provided with and connects otic placode 40, on bridge pier 13, correspondence is provided with and connects otic placode 41, during assembling, connecting plate 10 on plunger 1 is with to be connected otic placode 40 hinged by bearing pin 17, and son about bundled tube 2 and 3 to pass through bearing pin 16 hinged with being connected otic placode 41 by connecting plate 11, completes the assembling of friction damper of the present invention between bridge 12 and bridge pier 13.When bridge 12 and bridge pier 13 are subject to external force excitation (as train braking, earthquake) when occurring along the vibration in bridge length direction, due to the isolation buffer effect of bridge pad 14, bridge 12 can produce relative to-and-fro motion relative to bridge pier 13, and then drive plunger 1 phase antithetical phrase constraint cylinder 2 and 3 that to-and-fro motion occurs, continue to produce very large because the son steel twist line antithetical phrase that about bundled tube 2 and 3 outer surface is wound around is about bundled tube 2 and 3, stable binding force, therefore when the about bundled tube generation relative movement that plunger 1 is formed with sub about bundled tube 2 and 3, son about can produce the surface friction drag of an obstruction plunger motion between bundled tube inwall and plunger, thus consume external force acting, be heat energy by changes mechanical energy, the vibrational energy of such bridge 12 can be absorbed by friction damper consumption of the present invention very soon, realize the energy-dissipating and shock-absorbing to bridge 12.
Due in the technological scheme described in this example, plunger and son about bundled tube are respectively arranged with connecting plate, therefore when friction damper of the present invention meet accident damage time, can dismantle at any time and repair or replace, very convenient.In addition, owing to about at son being provided with protruding positive stop 9 and carrying out spacing as limit stoper to steel strand 4 in bundled tube surface, the wall thickness of sub about bundled tube can be suitably thinning, be conducive to saving material, and the variable height of positive stop 9 more easily realizes, cost is also lower, can increase steel strand 4 easily and be wound around the number of turn, improve the damping force of friction damper of the present invention.Such as, in the present invention shown in Fig. 5, steel strand 4 are wound around two layers, if increase the height of positive stop 9, also can realize winding three layers, four layers even more multi-layered, thus improve the binding force that antithetical phrase is about bundled tube, realize the damping force effect increasing friction damper of the present invention.
Based on the application principle described in this example, except the length direction of friction damper 15 of the present invention along bridge is arranged in except between bridge 12 and bridge pier 13, the width direction of friction damper 15 of the present invention along bridge can also be arranged between bridge 12 and bridge pier 13.Such as, as shown in Figure 10, length direction along bridge arranges one group of friction damper 15 of the present invention between bridge 12 and bridge pier 13, width direction simultaneously along bridge is also furnished with other one group of friction damper 15 of the present invention between bridge 12 and bridge pier 13, like this, when bridge 12 produces the relative movement along bridge length direction relative to bridge pier 13, the friction damper of the present invention 15 that the length direction along bridge is arranged between bridge 12 and bridge pier 13 can consume external force work done; When bridge 12 produces the relative movement along bridge width direction relative to bridge pier 13, the friction damper of the present invention 15 arranged between bridge 12 and bridge pier 13 along bridge width direction can consume external force acting.In general, bridge in use, the relative displacement along bridge length and width direction can be produced between bridge 12 and bridge pier 13 simultaneously, therefore friction damper 15 of the present invention is set respectively in both direction and can controls the relative movement of bridge 12 in both directions and between bridge pier 13 simultaneously, the buffer shock-absorbing effect of realizing ideal.Certainly, different application modes can be selected according to building structure difference, such as, for the bridge of simple beam structure, the friction damper controlling both direction can be set respectively as shown in Figure 10 on same bridge pier; For the bridge of beam structure, the friction damper controlling a direction also can be set on part bridge pier, other bridge piers arrange the friction damper controlling other direction, in use can according to installation conditions and requirement of engineering selective gist mode.
It should be noted that, friction damper of the present invention as described in embodiment one and embodiment two, plunger is cylindrical body, it can rotate in about bundled tube, the pretension cotton rope made due to ferrous materials to each son forming about bundled tube about bundled tube be applied with lasting binding force, therefore during plunger rotation same with each son about the inwall of bundled tube rub, thus consuming external force and do work, is heat energy by changes mechanical energy.So, adopt the friction damper of the present invention of this type of technological scheme, not only provide damping force at plunger with when about axial relative movement occurs bundled tube, damping force can also be provided at plunger with when about bundled tube relatively rotates.Visible, adopt the friction damper of the present invention of cylindrical body plunger, the relative movement of plunger and about bundled tube is not limited to relative movement in the axial direction, further comprises relatively rotating therebetween, as long as above-mentioned two situations have a kind of generation, the present invention will start working automatically, realize oscillation damping and energy dissipating, therefore this type of friction damper of the present invention is applicable to the place needing to provide the damping force preventing deflection relatively too, this feature is equally applicable to other embodiments adopting cylindrical structure plunger, illustrate in the lump at this, no longer repeated description.In sum, friction damper of the present invention can be widely used in machinery, the traffic tool, bridge, the vibration damping of building structure, buffering, power consumption.
In addition, the surface of tighting device for support outermost surface steel strand 4, except brushing polyurethane material resin layer, also can utilize the techniques such as spraying, plating to arrange other materials resin layer, such as, utilize zinc-plated formation resin layer etc., can realize same effect.
Below by theory calculate, superiority of the present invention is described.With plunger diameter 200mm, frictional contact surface length is the friction damper of 200mm is example, for traditional cartridge type frcition damper, urceolus adopts Q345(to consider good weldability), outer wall thickness is 40mm, positive pressure is produced by the interference fit of urceolus and inner core, in order to its energy long-term work, consider the status consideration of three received strength, the circumference stress of urceolus gets 160MPa, the positive pressure of 261 tons can be produced, 0.3 is got in the friction factor between steel-steel, producible frictional force is 78 tons, the circumferential direction amount of deformation of urceolus deposit is 0.57mm, if when that is diameter wearing and tearing are for 0.1mm, pretightening force and friction are exerted oneself and will be declined 17%.If adopt friction damper of the present invention, when plunger diameter 200mm, frictional contact surface length be 200mm constant, adopt steel strand, working stress gets 1600Mpa, constraint barrel also gets 40mm, and steel strands wound scope is long 200mm, radial winding thickness 40mm, it can produce the hoop binding force of 2050 tons, namely can realize the frictional force of 615 tons.In addition, the circumferential direction amount of deformation of urceolus deposit is 6.7mm, and when diameter wearing and tearing are for 0.1mm, pretightening force only will decline 1.5%, and visible binding force of the present invention is lasting and stable.Compared with traditional cartridge type frcition damper, increase only the steel strand of 12kg, just increase the frictional force of about 7 times, the frictional force of average per kilogram steel strand contribution is 51 tons, and performance and the cost performance of product all significantly promote.If adopt the material that the ratio of strength to weight such as carbon fiber, the aramid fibre ratio of material weight (tensile strength with) is higher, under same weight or spatial constraints, more remarkable product performance can be realized.Other embodiments of the invention have this superiority equally, not calculation specifications one by one, are described in the lump at this.
Embodiment three
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Figure 11, be with the difference of embodiment two, plunger 1 cross-sectional profiles shape is radially square, and the son forming about bundled tube about bundled tube 2 is corresponding with plunger 1 profile with the contour shape that surrounds of inwall of 3.
It is to be noted, in friction damper of the present invention plunger draw materials varied, plunger cross-sectional profiles shape radially can be square, rectangle, circle, triangle, positive pentagonal, regular hexagon or rhombus etc., the contour shape that the inwall of the son forming about bundled tube about bundled tube surrounds is corresponding with plunger profile, can realize good effect.In general, in order to easy to process, no more than six limits of geometrical shape of plunger cross-sectional profiles radially.
As shown in Figure 8, with products application described in embodiment two when the identical place, this routine described product is all identical with working principle with the assembly method of embodiment two, in this not repeated description.Be noted that, because plunger 1 is a square steel rod, it cannot turn in the son about bundled tube inward turning that about bundled tube surrounds, and can bear certain moment of torsion, therefore plunger and son are after about bundled tube is connected with bridge and bridge pier respectively, can also realize preventing occurring between bridge and bridge pier around plunger axis to deflection.Based on this principle, employing cross-sectional profiles shape is radially the friction damper of the present invention of the shaped plunger such as rectangle, triangle, regular hexagon or rhombus, except normally providing damping force, certain effect of bearing moment of torsion, preventing from occurring between connecting object deflection relatively can be played.
Embodiment four
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in figure 12, be with the difference of embodiment two, plunger and son about bundled tube are respectively arranged with connection interface, and described connection interface is specially the adpting flange 20 plunger 1 welding setting, and the connecting ring 24 that son about bundled tube 2 and 3 is welded and fixed respectively.In addition, by exposed for plunger 1 shown in the C of about bundled tube outside local segment be arranged to by the tapered cone structure in adpting flange 20 1 lateral restraint cylinder direction, until with about bundled tube Inner Dimension is identical.
Be described to be applied in steel-frame structure below.During installation, utilize fastening piece 22 to be linked together by the adpting flange 20 that the adpting flange 21 that girder steel 18 is fixedly installed and plunger 1 are fixedly installed, realize the connection of plunger 1 and girder steel 18; Utilize fastening piece 25 to be linked together by the connecting ring 24 that the adpting flange 23 that girder steel 19 is fixedly installed and son about bundled tube 2 and 3 are fixedly installed, realize the connection of son about bundled tube 2 and 3 and girder steel 19, complete the assembling of friction damper of the present invention.When there is relative movement between girder steel 18 and girder steel 19, plunger and son can be driven about to produce relative movement between bundled tube, and then realize oscillation damping and energy dissipating.Its power consumption principle is identical with embodiment two, no longer repeats at this.It is to be noted, because the C place local segment of plunger 1 is arranged to cone, therefore in working procedure, when the cone segments of plunger enter about bundled tube time, the cone segments length that damping force can enter about bundled tube along with plunger increases and increases rapidly, realizes effectively hindering girder steel 18 to the close effect of girder steel 19.The friction damper of the present invention of this structure can realize very large damping force.
Embodiment five
Know-why according to embodiment four, also can be arranged to cone by plunger completely.Friction damper of the present invention as shown in figure 13, is with the difference of embodiment four, and plunger 1 is become large cone from the one end of inserting about bundled tube gradually to the other end size.Vertical friction damper of the present invention is set, identical with the mounting type of embodiment four, no longer repeated description.Identical with embodiment four, when the plunger of cone structure enter about bundled tube time, the length that damping force can enter about bundled tube along with plunger increases and increases rapidly, realizes effectively hindering girder steel 18 to the close effect of girder steel 19.
This example arranges friction damper of the present invention be described for vertical, due to friction damper of the present invention by user to restriction, therefore the level that can be arranged to as required is to various forms such as, vertical, inclinations, good effect can be realized, this feature is also applicable to the technical solution of the present invention described in other embodiments, illustrates in the lump at this.
Embodiment six
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in figure 14, is with the difference of embodiment four, and plunger 1 two ends arrange the local segment C of cone structure simultaneously, accordingly, changes the structure of adpting flange 23 in girder steel 19, for plunger 1 provides enough bit spaces that allows.Two ends due to plunger all arrange the local segment C of cone structure, therefore in working procedure, no matter which side cone segments of plunger enters about bundled tube, the cone segments length that damping force all can enter about bundled tube along with plunger increases and increases rapidly, realize effectively hindering the effect that relative movement occurs between girder steel 18 and girder steel 19, described relative movement, include between girder steel 18 and girder steel 19 close to each other, mutually away from and three kinds of forms of motion such as mutually to deflect.
Embodiment seven
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in Figure 15, Figure 16, is with the difference of embodiment one, about bundled tube by three pieces of sons about bundled tube 27,28 and 29 form.In addition, plunger 1 also arranges guide position limiter, guide position limiter is that plunger 1 inserts the guide limiting stopper 26 that the local segment of about bundled tube inside is fixedly installed, and guide limiting stopper 26 is outside by extending to about bundled tube in the split gap of son about between bundled tube 27,28 and 29.
As shown in figure 17, be still described to be applied in steel-frame structure.Plunger 1 is weldingly fixed on girder steel 30, then by son about bundled tube 27,28 and 29 be weldingly fixed on girder steel 31, complete the installation of friction damper of the present invention, the principle of its oscillation damping and energy dissipating work is identical with embodiment four, no longer repeated description.It should be noted that, due in this routine described technological scheme, plunger 1 is provided with guide limiting stopper 26, when plunger and son about bundled tube generation relative movement time, because guide limiting stopper 26 part is placed in the split gap of sub about bundled tube, therefore plunger can only move along the split gap bearing of trend of son about bundled tube, cannot and son about relatively rotate between bundled tube, so the friction damper of the present invention of this routine described structure is except normally providing damping force, also can play and bear moment of torsion, prevent from occurring between connecting object the effect of deflection relatively.In addition, due to the existence of guide limiting stopper 26, in normal using process, plunger 1 cannot be deviate from from about bundled tube, and the accident of friction damper of the present invention can be prevented to lose efficacy.In addition, this example only with utilize three pieces of sons about bundled tube piece together about bundled tube and be described, in practical application, as required, also can utilize four pieces, five pieces, even more sons about bundled tube piece together about bundled tube, the inwall of straw cord for bundling up rice or wheat stalks constraint cylinder can realize effective contact with plunger, can realize good effect.But in order to process with easy to assembly, take into account the intensity of sub about bundled tube, in general, the quantity of sub about bundled tube is no more than six simultaneously.
Embodiment eight
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in Figure 18, Figure 19, is with the difference of embodiment one, and plunger 1 runs through the son about bundled tube that about bundled tube 2 and 3 is formed and arranges, and the outer surface of sub about bundled tube 3 arranges connection interface, and connection interface is specially adpting flange 43.In addition, son about bundled tube 2 and son about bundled tube 3 stitching portion respectively correspondence convex-concave structure 61 and convex-concave structure 62 are set, son about bundled tube 2 and son about bundled tube 3 be mutually fitted together to by convex-concave structure, and then be spliced into about bundled tube.In addition, in order to ensure that the binding force of pretension cotton rope 4 is fully passed to plunger 1, son about bundled tube 2 and son when about bundled tube 3 splices chimeric by convex-concave structure mutually, remains with certain gap along constraint tube outer surface circumferencial direction between convex-concave structure.
Due to son about bundled tube utilize convex-concave structure to be spliced into about bundled tube each other, son about can realize well between bundled tube along plunger axis to power transmission, therefore only connection interface is set on a son about bundled tube in the friction damper of the present invention described in this example, just can ensure the normal use of friction damper of the present invention, its structure is simpler, applies convenient.
Still be described to be applied in bridge structure, as shown in figure 20, integrated setting limiting stopper 45 on bridge 44, is also provided with steel anchoring piece 46 in limiting stopper 45, and in addition, bridge pier 47 end face arranges steel anchoring flange 59.Utilize fastening piece adpting flange 43 and anchoring flange 59 to be linked together, then together with being welded and fixed with anchoring piece 46 respectively at the two ends of plunger 1, complete the assembling of friction damper of the present invention between bridge 44 and bridge pier 47.Occur between bridge 44 and bridge pier 47 along plunger axis to relative movement time, plunger 1 and son can be driven about to produce relative movement between bundled tube 2 and 3, so produce surface friction drag, formed frictional damping, consume external energy, realize oscillation damping and energy dissipating.
It should be noted that, based on the know-why described in this example, the form of the convex-concave structure that sub about bundled tube is arranged can be varied, such as shown in Figure 21, convex-concave structure 62 on sub about bundled tube 3 only comprises a protruding structure, accordingly, only arrange a groove in the convex-concave structure 61 on sub about bundled tube 2 to coordinate with it.Based on this principle, if arrange more than two or two protruding structures in the convex-concave structure 62 on son about bundled tube 3, in the convex-concave structure 61 on corresponding sub about bundled tube 2, corresponding groove structure is set corresponding with it.In addition, the shape of protruding structure also can change to some extent, such as Figure 21 relief structure in the planes be projected as rectangle, the projection in the planes of practical application relief structure also can be trapezoidal, other shapes such as triangle, square, semicircle, as long as the groove arranging respective shapes in the convex-concave structure of adjacent son about bundled tube is mated.These are all the simple change based on the technology of the present invention principle, all in the protection domain of application claims, are only described with word at this, accompanying drawing explanation no longer one by one.
Embodiment nine
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in Figure 22, Figure 23, be with the difference of embodiment eight, the two ends of plunger 1 arrange adpting flange 49 respectively, about bundled tube 63 is made up of steel pipe, pretension cotton rope 4 is arranged in the limited impression that constraint tube outer surface turnery processing goes out, and about the outer surface of bundled tube 63 arranges connecting plate 48.In addition, the about bundled tube sidewall being wound around position is arranged six along the axially extended earth pressure release seam 64 of cylindrical shell at pretension cotton rope 4, earth pressure release seam 64 is uniformly distributed along the hoop of about bundled tube sidewall.
Friction damper of the present invention described in this example, about bundled tube have employed steel pipe and directly processes, structure is simpler, better, the earth pressure release seam about bundled tube sidewall arranged, effectively can ensure that the binding force of pretension cotton rope 4 is fully passed to plunger 1 for integrity and practicability, therefore the binding force of about bundled tube coupled columns plug can be significantly improved, when plunger and about bundled tube generation relative movement, very large surface friction drag can be produced to each other, and then greatly improve the damping of friction damper of the present invention.
As shown in figure 24, when being applied in bridge structure, fastening piece is utilized to be linked together with corresponding anchoring piece 46 respectively by the adpting flange 49 at plunger two ends, connecting plate 48 is hinged by bearing pin 50 with the steel anchoring flange 59 be fixedly installed in bridge pier 47, complete the assembling of friction damper of the present invention between bridge 44 and bridge pier 47.The principle of its oscillation damping and energy dissipating is identical with embodiment eight, in this no longer repeated description.
Due in this routine described technological scheme, between the plunger of friction damper of the present invention and bridge, and about between bundled tube and bridge pier, all adopt the Placement that can split, therefore in use, friction damper of the present invention can be taken off at any time and carry out maintain and replace, very convenient.Be noted that based on the know-why described in this example in addition, the earth pressure release seam about bundled tube sidewall arranged also can arrange more than six or be less than six, and concrete quantity can design according to actual needs.
Embodiment ten
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in figure 25, be with the difference of embodiment two, pressure channel 51 is respectively equipped with in the barrel of sub about bundled tube 2 and 3, pressure channel 51 keeps being communicated with son multiple sprons 60 that about bundled tube inner wall surface is arranged, in addition, pressure channel 51 also arranges external interface 52 at son constraint tube outer surface.
Be applied to building construction antidetonation for friction damper 55 of the present invention shown in Figure 25 to be below described.As shown in figures 26 and 27, aseismatic bearing 54 is provided with between house 53 and ground 58, in addition, according to antidetonation needs, in the below in house 53, be also furnished with multiple friction damper of the present invention 55 respectively along the horizontal and vertical of house, wherein, one end and the house 53 of friction damper 55 are hinged and connected, and the other end and ground 58 are hinged and connected.In addition, conveniently realize the reset of friction damper of the present invention, all friction dampers 55 are connected with pipeline 57 respectively by external interface 52, and then link together with oil hydraulic pump machine 56.When coming earthquake, under the effect of seismic waves, house 53 can shake on aseismatic bearing 54, make to produce relative movement between house 53 and ground 58, and then drive the plunger in friction damper 55 and son about between bundled tube, relative movement to occur, realize rapid consumed energy, reduce house shaking amplitude, avoid house to collapse, realize good anti seismic efficiency.It is to be noted, apply friction damper of the present invention to be to another advantage earthquake-resistant, after principal earthquake, can primer fluid press pump machine 56, liquid pressure Transfer Medium is driven to act directly on plunger surface through pressure channel 51 and spron 60, antithetical phrase is about bundled tube and produces reaction force, counteracting or partial offset silk thread antithetical phrase are about the binding force of bundled tube, because existing aseismatic bearing 54 generally all has certain reset capability, under the effect of aseismatic bearing 54 or by reset jack, just can realize the smooth reset of friction damper 55 of the present invention, like this when there being aftershock to occur, friction damper 55 of the present invention still can play the effect of damping power consumption again, more effectively can reduce the destruction that earthquake brings house, the security of the lives and property of protection resident.
It should be noted that, except being communicated with pressure channel, spron only keeps open in the side corresponding with plunger, remaining part all keeps closed state.Spron can be arranged along the axis of plunger, also can arrange along the radial direction of plunger.
Based on the know-why of this example, friction damper described in other embodiments of the invention also may be used for the antiseismic application in house, both made can not realize at any time resetting, at least in earthquake generating process, still can play certain energy dissipation effect, in this not accompanying drawing explanation one by one.In addition; except liquid pressure Transfer Medium; also solid grease etc. can be utilized to coordinate as pressure transmission medium the reset helping to realize friction damper of the present invention with pressure pump machine; same effect can be realized; and solid grease more easily realizes reclaiming; these technological schemes also, all in protection scope of the present invention, illustrate no longer one by one.
Embodiment 11
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in figure 28, is with the difference of embodiment two, and in order to save material, plunger 1 adopts multidiameter shaft structure, and the part-structure that plunger 1 enters about bundled tube 65 inside coordinates with about bundled tube 65 contact internal walls, the working surface described in formation.In addition, about bundled tube 65 is directly made up of steel pipe, and about bundled tube entry end inwall arranges transition chamfering 105 so that assemble with plunger, and about the other end of bundled tube 65 is welded and fixed and arranges connecting plate 11.In addition, the winding thickness of steel strand 4 on about bundled tube 65 surface arranges one by being as thin as thick changeover portion by about bundled tube entrance to its inside, until thickness is identical, accordingly, steel strand 4 are wound around that the height of the positive stop 9 of thicker side is corresponding to be increased.
The feature of this routine described technological scheme is, because steel strand 4 are provided with one by being as thin as thick changeover portion on about bundled tube 65 surface, therefore, corresponding changeover portion is about the preload pressure also corresponding transition from small to large of bundled tube 65 and plunger 1 matching surface, in use, friction damper of the present invention described in this example can export from the friction damping force that about between bundled tube, the change of relative position provides different according to plunger, that is, the different vibration displacements that can produce according to the vibration of varying strength, differentiated friction damping force is provided to consume energy, namely the weak environment that shakes is applicable to, also the environment that shakes by force is gone for, applicability is better.
Based on the know-why described in this example, the technological scheme that about bundled tube arranges is run through for plunger, conveniently plunger and the assembling about between bundled tube, also at two side entrance inwalls of about bundled tube, transition chamfering can be all set, accompanying drawing explanation no longer in addition.
Embodiment 12
In the present invention, drawing materials of plunger can be varied, as shown in Figure 29 and Figure 30 friction damper of the present invention, is with the difference of previous embodiment, and plunger 1 is made up of steel plate, and its cross-sectional profiles shape is radially rectangle.About bundled tube by son about bundled tube 2 and son about bundled tube 3 form, son about bundled tube 2 and son about bundled tube 3 be equally also made up of steel plate, son about bundled tube 2 and son about on bundled tube 3 corresponding plunger 1 be provided with groove, plunger 1 is embedded respectively in son about bundled tube 2 and the son groove about in bundled tube 3.About bundled tube surface further wrapped around the pretension cotton rope 4 that carbon fiber makes, and pretension cotton rope 4 becomes fusiformis at about bundled tube surface wrap.Because the pretension cotton rope being wound in fusiformis not easily play occurs, therefore can omit limit stoper, structure is simpler.It should be noted that, son about bundled tube 2 and son about is all arranged to relax cambered surface 120 in the bight of bundled tube 3, prevents in use pretension cotton rope overbending or extruding to meet accident fracture.Contrary, as the sharp state such as maintenance right angle, bight of fruit constraint cylinder, pretension cotton rope just easily bends in the bight of son about bundled tube fracture (as steel wire), or (as carbon fiber) is ruptured in cutting.
Technological scheme described in this example, the about bundled tube formed owing to adopting steel plate and plunger, it can produce very large-sized friction damper of the present invention easily.In addition, based on the know-why of this example, friction damper of the present invention can also comprise one with the son about bundled tube of upper plug and more than two, and such as Figure 31 shows two plungers 1 and three sons about friction damper of the present invention that forms of bundled tube, can realize good effect.Adopt the benefit of more multi-plunger and sub about bundled tube to be, increase plunger and the effective working surface quantity about between bundled tube, under the active force of identical tighting device for support binding force, larger exerting oneself can be provided.
Except this example and before except the already mentioned circle of embodiment and rectangle, in friction damper of the present invention, plunger cross-sectional profiles shape radially can also be the shapes such as square, also can realize same effect.
Embodiment 13
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in figure 32, be with the difference of embodiment nine, in order to save material, plunger 1 adopts multidiameter shaft structure, plunger 1 enter about bundled tube 63 inside, the intermediate portion of largest diameter coordinates with about bundled tube 65 contact internal walls, the working surface described in formation.Plunger 1 two ends arrange threaded connector as connection interface, described threaded connector is the screw rod 69 that plunger two ends are directly processed into, conveniently plunger and the assembling about between bundled tube, the maximum shaft part both sides of plunger mid diameter size are provided with chamfering, form local cone.In addition, the pretension cotton rope 4 that the tighting device for support that about bundled tube 63 surface is arranged is made up of aramid fibre is formed, and tighting device for support both sides arrange positive stop 9.In addition, pretension cotton rope 4 is similar to the shape of a saddle, i.e. intermediate thin at the contour shape that about bundled tube 63 surface wrap goes out, more and more thicker to both sides.
Be described to be applied in bridge structure below, as shown in figure 33, plunger 1 mid diameter largest portion is placed in the centre of tighting device for support, utilize locking nut 71 to coordinate with the screw rod 69 at plunger two ends the connecting base 70 be fixedly installed in plunger 1 and bridge is linked together, connecting plate 48 is hinged by bearing pin 50 with the steel anchoring flange 59 be fixedly installed in bridge pier 47, complete the assembling of friction damper of the present invention between bridge 44 and bridge pier 47.The principle of its oscillation damping and energy dissipating is identical with embodiment nine, in this no longer repeated description.It should be noted that, due to the pretension cotton rope 4 of about bundled tube 63 surface wrap in intermediate thin, the saddle of both sides progressive additive, therefore about bundled tube 63 is also corresponding to the preload pressure of plunger 1 matching surface increases to both sides gradually by the middle of tighting device for support, therefore in tighting device for support constraint region, plunger to the left or right side continue in the process of movement, about the preload pressure of bundled tube and plunger matching surface increases gradually, and exerting oneself of corresponding friction damper of the present invention also increases gradually.So, this routine described product in use, the different vibration displacements that can produce according to the vibration of varying strength (amplitude), the corresponding friction damping force that provides consumes energy, namely the little damping that the weak environment that shakes (thin tail sheep) needs is applicable to, also the large damping that the environment (Large travel range) that goes for shaking by force needs, applicability is better.
Embodiment 14
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in figure 34, is with the difference of embodiment 13, and the threaded connector at plunger 1 two ends is the screw 73 that plunger two ends are arranged respectively, and screw 73 is as connection interface.In addition, arrange the friction element 72 made of friction proprietary material at the working surface of plunger 1, friction element 72 is specially the friction ring that Cuprum alloy is made.
Owing to having set up friction element on the surface of plunger, the surface of friction element is utilized to coordinate with about bundled tube as plunger working surface, significantly improve the wear resistance of plunger working surface, steel-steel same type of material is avoided to issue raw food bonding at long-term not motion mutually, high contact stress, stable friction factor, can extend the working life of friction damper of the present invention greatly.In addition, because Cuprum alloy price is higher, Cu alloy material is only used to also help reduction cost of production in the local of plunger.Except the Cu alloy material that this example is mentioned, the friction proprietary material that the present invention is suitable for also comprises the friction factor such as cermet material, powdered metallurgical material, carbon fibre material and brake pad material and is greater than 0.3 and the material of friction factor long-term stability.It is pointed out that if set up at plunger surface the friction element that brake pad material makes, plunger and the about friction factor of working surface between bundled tube can be significantly improved, be conducive to the damping capacity of further improving product.Certainly, except be embedded continuous print ring-type friction element at plunger surface except, friction element can also be brake pad etc., is embedded and coordinates with about bundled tube at plunger surface, also can play same effect.In addition, based on the know-why described in this example, friction element also can be arranged on the inner wall surface of about bundled tube, also can play identical effect, accompanying drawing explanation no longer one by one.
Embodiment 15
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in figure 35, is with the difference of embodiment two, and tighting device for support is specially the pretension annulus 74 that constraint tube outer surface is arranged, and pretension annulus 74 and the son forming about bundled tube about all adopt interference fit between bundled tube 2 and 3.In order to prevent pretension annulus 74 from plunger 1 surface, slippage occurring, be respectively equipped with position limit pin 75 in the son position that about bundled tube 2 is positioned at pretension annulus 74 both sides.In addition, the surface of plunger 1 is also provided with wear resistant and rustproof layer, and wear resistant and rustproof layer is specially one deck alloy material of pyrolytic coating.
Pretension annulus 74 and when about assembling between bundled tube, first can heat rear recycling press machine and be nested with on about bundled tube surface, produce binding force by pretension annulus 7.Advantage: precision is high, quick assembling, and proprietary material, intensity is large.
Owing to being provided with wear resistant and rustproof layer, can effectively extend working life of the present invention, except at plunger surface pyrolytic coating one deck high-abrasive material as except wear resistant and rustproof layer, the modes such as plating, sintering, laser bonding can also be utilized to apply wear resistant and rustproof layer at plunger surface according to the concrete material difference adopted.Certainly based on the know-why described in this example, wear resistant and rustproof layer also can be arranged on about bundled tube or form the son about bundled tube inner wall surface of about bundled tube, accompanying drawing explanation no longer in addition.
Embodiment 16
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in figure 36, is with the difference of embodiment 15, and tighting device for support is made up of multiple independently pretension annulus 74.Each ring according to the requirement of damping force-displacement curve, by different interference fit, can produce identical or different pre-tight stress.In addition, plunger and be about provided with the seal protection cover 110 that rubber material makes between bundled tube.
Owing to being provided with seal protection cover, effectively can preventing foreign matter from entering in friction damper of the present invention, be conducive to prolonging the working life in product of the present invention.Certainly according to the difference of Environmental Conditions, seal protection cover also can be made with the material such as nonwovens, corrugated stainless steel tubing.In addition, because tighting device for support is made up of multiple independently pretension annulus 74, pretension annulus 74 and the installation difficulty retraining wound packages timing significantly can be reduced.
Embodiment 17
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in Figure 37 and Figure 38, comprise plunger 1 that steel pipe makes and about bundled tube, about bundled tube surface arranges tighting device for support 4, and tighting device for support 4 is made up of reinforcement wire.From each embodiment is different before, in this example about bundled tube by nine sons about bundled tube form, son about bundled tube be specially the constraining rod 77 of steel.
Be described with the example that is applied as in bridge structure below, as shown in figure 39, to the constraining rod 77 of about bundled tube be formed respectively together with being anchored fixing steel connecting base 78 in bridge pier 47 and being welded and fixed, by the two ends of plunger 1 together with being fixedly installed on the steel connecting base 79 in bridge pier 47 and being welded and fixed, complete the assembling of friction damper of the present invention between bridge 44 and bridge pier 47.The principle of its oscillation damping and energy dissipating is identical with embodiment nine, in this no longer repeated description.
Embodiment 18
Described in embodiment 17, the maximum value of know-why is, utilize constraining rod as son about bundled tube form about bundled tube, the plunger application demand of some atypical shapes can be adapted to.
Such as friction damper of the present invention shown in Figure 40, plunger 1 shape of cross section is atypical Hexagon, described atypia refers to this Hexagon and non-regular hexagonal, be difficult to directly purchase to the about bundled tube material adapted to it from the market, but utilize many constraining rods 77 to surround about bundled tube along plunger 1 profile, recycling tighting device for support 4 fetters about bundled tube and plunger, just can solve this difficult problem easily, substantially increase practicability of the present invention and applicability.Can be known by above-mentioned explanation, this routine described technological scheme is except the plunger going for circular cross section, also be applicable to the plunger of polygon cross-sectional shape, comprise rectangle, square, triangle, rhombus, regular pentagon, regular hexagon and atypia polygonal etc., applied widely, practicability is extremely strong.
It is pointed out that tighting device for support 4 also can adopt pretension annulus.
Embodiment 19
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in figure 41, is with the difference of embodiment 18, and son about bundled tube comprises restraining plate 80a, restraining plate 80b, restraining plate 80c and restraining plate 80d.
Utilize one piece of restraining plate 80a in this example, two pieces of restraining plate 80b, two pieces of restraining plate 80c, one piece of restraining plate 80d surrogating constraint bar form about bundled tube, its meaning is greatly to improve the effective surface of contact about between bundled tube and plunger 1, when tighting device for support 4 is identical, larger exerting oneself can be provided.
Embodiment 20
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in Figure 42 and Figure 43, combined by lateral damper and longitudinal damper, wherein, lateral damper is formed by plunger 81, about bundled tube 82 and as the pretension annulus 83 of tighting device for support, and longitudinal damper is formed by plunger 84, about bundled tube 85 and as the pretension annulus 86 of tighting device for support.Lateral damper and longitudinal damper respectively with about bundled tube 85 and about bundled tube 82 is soldered, and then are combined by connecting plate 87 two ends, make plunger 84 mutually vertical with plunger 81.It is pointed out that in this example, pretension annulus 83 arranges two pieces.
If two objects consumed energy during hope generation relative movement are connected with plunger 84 and plunger 81 respectively, then wherein arbitrary object occurred level to relative movement time, lateral damper in friction damper of the present invention will be driven or/and longitudinal damper work, and then generation friction energy-dissipating, make to be tending towards geo-stationary between the two.It is to be noted, relative movement between two objects now controlled is multiple directions in horizontal plane, not only be confined to the axis of two plungers, therefore the controlling party of this routine described friction damper of the present invention is to more flexible, and practicability and applicability are also better.
Embodiment 21
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in figure 44, be with the difference of embodiment 20, lateral damper comprises plunger 93 and 94, about bundled tube 88 and 90 and two groups of pretension cotton ropes 4 as tighting device for support are formed, about bundled tube 88 and about the two ends of bundled tube 90 weld respectively connecting plate 89 be set, and then the lateral damper be integrally formed; Longitudinal damper is made up of plunger 96 and 98, about bundled tube 97 and 99 and two groups of pretension cotton ropes 4 as tighting device for support.Plunger 93 and 94 two ends in lateral damper are welded and fixed respectively and arrange adpting flange 91, about bundled tube 97 and 99 in longitudinal damper arranges adpting flange 92 respectively, adpting flange 91 and adpting flange 92 are linked together by fastening piece 95, and then form whole friction damper of the present invention.
Similar to embodiment 20, if one of two objects consumed energy during hope generation relative movement are connected with 90 with the about bundled tube 88 in lateral damper, another is connected with 98 with the plunger 96 in longitudinal damper, then wherein arbitrary object occurred level to relative movement time, lateral damper in friction damper of the present invention will be driven or/and longitudinal damper work, and then generation friction energy-dissipating, make to be tending towards geo-stationary between the two.It is to be noted, relative movement between two objects now controlled is multiple directions in horizontal plane, not only be confined to the axis of two plungers, therefore the controlling party of this routine described friction damper of the present invention is to more flexible, and practicability and applicability are also better.Certainly based on this routine described know-why, more plunger and about bundled tube can also in lateral damper and longitudinal damper, be comprised, also in the protection domain of application claims, accompanying drawing explanation no longer one by one.
Embodiment 22
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in Figure 45 and Figure 46, is with the difference of embodiment one, plunger 1 is arranged to tubulose, and the plunger 1 of tubulose is made up of two sub-plunger bodies.Steel unloading mandrel 100 is set in the cavity at plunger 1 center.
As shown in figure 47, plunger 1 and form about bundled tube son about bundled tube 2 together with 3 are welded and fixed with steel structure girder 101 and 103 respectively, identical with the working principle described in embodiment one, when there is relative movement in steel structure girder 101 and 103, plunger and about bundled tube generation Relative sliding can be driven, and then rub, realize power consumption.The meaning arranging unloading mandrel is, after the disasters such as earthquake occur, friction damper of the present invention realizes work power consumption, and larger relative displacement occurs for plunger 1 and about bundled tube, cannot automatically reset.Now, extract unloading mandrel 100 by the through hole 102 that steel structure girder 101 is arranged, plunger and about just automatically can realize pressure release between bundled tube, the external force that only needs are less, just can realize the smooth reset of friction damper of the present invention.Meanwhile, be also convenient to building structure restore to the original state.After reset, reinsert unloading mandrel at plunger center, friction damper of the present invention can come into operation again again, very convenient.
Certainly, based on the know-why described in this example, the quantity forming the sub-plunger body of tubular plunger also can more than two, such as three, four, even more, can realize same effect.
Embodiment 23
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in figure 48, be with the difference of embodiment ten, pressure channel 51 is arranged in plunger 1, and multiple sprons 60 that pressure channel 51 and plunger surface are arranged keep being communicated with, in addition, pressure channel 51 also arranges external interface 52 at plunger end face.
The working principle of this routine described technological scheme and the reset operation method after using substantially identical with the description in embodiment ten, no longer repeat to be described at this.
Embodiment 24
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in figure 49, is with the difference of embodiment 14, and the outer plunger surface working surface arranged for coordinating with friction element 72 is provided with convex-concave structure 121 circumferentially.
In friction damper of the present invention described in this example, owing to being provided with convex-concave structure 121 at outer plunger surface, friction element 72 is under the constraint of tighting device for support, and can produce between convex-concave structure and mutually embed effect, friction element can be fixed on above plunger firmly, prevent friction element along plunger axis to the changing of the relative positions.
The operative orientation that it is pointed out that plunger in this example along the axis of about bundled tube, therefore convex-concave structure 121 being arranged circumferentially along about bundled tube.For the friction damper of the present invention of rotation formula, because the operative orientation of plunger is along the hoop of about bundled tube, therefore convex-concave structure 121 is arranged along the axis of about bundled tube, and no longer another accompanying drawing, is only described with word.In addition, based on the know-why described in this example, for the friction damper of the present invention arranging friction element on about bundled tube, also convex-concave structure can be set on the about corresponding working surface of bundled tube inwall, equally, according to the difference of operative orientation, convex-concave structure can vertically or be arranged circumferentially.Below be all the simple transformation based on the technology of the present invention principle, all in the protection domain of application claims.
Embodiment 25
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in figure 50, be with the difference of embodiment eight, columniform plunger 1 and two about bundled tube with the use of, wherein each about bundled tube includes son about bundled tube 2 and son about bundled tube 3, son about bundled tube 2 and son about bundled tube 3 be mutually fitted together to by convex-concave structure, and then being spliced into about bundled tube, the outer surface of sub about bundled tube 3 arranges anti-torsion flange 128.In addition, in order to increase the binding force of tighting device for support, the pretension cotton rope 4 that steel wire is formed is in about bundled tube surface wrap multilayer.In addition, plunger 1 is fixedly installed rotation converting mechanism at two positions about between bundled tube, and rotation converting mechanism is specially tray 122, tray 122 is wrapped wire rope 123, wherein, wire rope one end and tray are fixed together (not shown), and the other end is free end.
During application, for vehicle bumper deceleration, as shown in figure 51, friction damper of the present invention shown in two Figure 50 is separately fixed on basis 126 by anti-torsion flange 128, then the free end of wire rope 123 in friction damper of the present invention is fixed with the two ends of baffle plate 124 is respectively connected.Like this, when there being vehicle 125 surprisingly to hit on baffle plate 124, vehicle 125 can promote baffle plate 124 and move forward, baffle plate 124 pulls wire rope 123, tray 122 is forced to rotate, plunger 1 is driven together to rotate, thus be the rotation of plunger by the transform linear motion of vehicle, owing to being subject to the constraint of pretension cotton rope 4, plunger 1 rotate process in and about between bundled tube continue produce very large surface friction drag, the anti-power of work of this surface friction drag is on vehicle 125, that is, vehicle 125 is in the process promoting baffle plate 124 reach, need constantly to overcome plunger and the surface friction drag about between bundled tube in friction damper of the present invention, therefore can continued depletion vehicle energy, vehicle is helped to stop as early as possible, thus reach the object of the protection person and property safety.Certainly, based on the know-why described in this example, friction damper of the present invention can also be connected with the block of rail vehicle, by block, friction damper of the present invention is continued the drag effect of generation on rail vehicle, thus help rail vehicle to realize stopping, compared with existing method block is clamped on rail, the parking mode utilizing friction damper of the present invention to coordinate with block is more safe and reliable, and the chucking power of block and rail relies on fastening piece to realize in prior art, will lose efficacy once fastening piece loosens, easily produce danger.
Owing to damping torque being converted into damping force by tray, stroke is very long, can reach thousands of rice in theory.In addition the disk type braker as damping force ratio that realizes of damper of the present invention or drum brake much larger because uniform force, positive pressure is very large for same allowable pressure, braking force or damping force large.In addition, based on the know-why described in this example, the means of fixation of tray and plunger can also select dismountable mode, such as, fastening piece can be adopted therebetween to be interconnected, after wire rope 123 is drawn out, can loosening fasteners, rotate tray wire rope and baffle plate 124 to be regained, tray retightens on plunger by recycling fastening piece, uses in order to next time.These are all simple change of the present invention, all in protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 26
Friction damper of the present invention as in figure 52, is with the difference of embodiment 12, and the son forming about bundled tube about bundled tube 2 and son is about equipped with dovetail groove 127 in bundled tube 3, plunger 1 to be embedded in dovetail groove 127 and with the sidewall close contact of dovetail groove.
In technological scheme described in this example, owing to being provided with dovetail groove 127 in son about bundled tube, plunger to be embedded in dovetail groove and with the sidewall close contact of dovetail groove, such plunger and every height retrain between cylinder all exists two friction operation surfaces, owing to adding friction operation surface, and be exaggerated positive pressure by chock effect, therefore can realize amplifying frictional force, thus the frictional force exported when significantly improving work.
Embodiment 27
Friction damper of the present invention is equally also applicable to the operating mode of rotating, friction damper of the present invention as shown in Figure 53, comprise the about bundled tube 150 that cylindrical plunger 1 and steel pipe are made, about bundled tube surface is also provided with tighting device for support, tighting device for support is specifically made up of prestress wire 4, prestress wire 4 is wrapped in about bundled tube 150 surface and arranges in fusiformis, for preventing prestress wire slippage, the limit stoper that positive stop 9 is formed also is provided with outside tighting device for support, in addition, about bundled tube 150 is also welded and fixed and is provided with anti-torsion flange 128, corresponding plunger 1 is provided with rotation converting mechanism, described rotation converting mechanism is specially clutch mechanism, this clutch mechanism is made up of clutch wheel 131 and clutch wheel 132.
During application, on the metal connecting piece 130 utilizing fastening piece 129 and anti-torsion flange 128 about bundled tube 150 to be fixed on to arrange in machinery framework 135, clutch wheel 131 is fixed on the end of plunger 1, the corresponding clutch wheel 131 of clutch wheel 132 is fixed on and can relatively rotates with machinery framework 135, have again on the rotor 133 of braking requirement, form clutch mechanism, rotor 133 under the restriction of constraint 134 except can relatively rotating with machinery framework 135, can also be moved along plunger axis to relative mechanical device framework 135, complete the assembling of friction damper of the present invention between rotor 133 and machinery framework 135.Like this, under off working state, keep clutch wheel 131 to be separated with clutch wheel 132, now friction damper of the present invention does not work, when the rotation of rotor 133 relative mechanical device framework 135 needs to brake, along plunger axis to rotating body 133, make clutch wheel 131 and clutch wheel 132 close contact, clutch wheel 131 and clutch wheel 132 realize synchronous axial system immediately, plunger 1 is driven to rotate in about bundled tube 150, now friction damper of the present invention is started working, because about bundled tube 150 surface is provided with tighting device for support, therebetween lasting surface friction drag can be there is in the process that plunger 1 rotates in about bundled tube 150, this surface friction drag oppositely does work and constantly consumes the rotational energy of plunger 1, and then realize the rotational energy continuing consumption rotor 133, reach and make rotor 133 relative mechanical device framework 135 slow down or be tending towards static object.
Based on the know-why described in this example, in actual applications, also can anti-torsion flange be set on plunger; the corresponding rotation converting mechanism that clutch form is set on about bundled tube; also can realize same effect, accompanying drawing illustrates no longer in addition, also in the protection domain of application claims.
Embodiment 28
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in Figure 54 and 55, be with the difference of embodiment 27, plunger 1 is provided with anti-torsion flange 128, correspondence about bundled tube is provided with rotation converting mechanism, and described rotation converting mechanism is specially wheel and rack matching mechanism.
Be described with the example that is applied as on bridge below, when bridge have employed unidirectional slip support abutment, when only there is the displacement of single direction (such as along bridge longitudinally), fastening piece 140 is utilized to be linked together by the steel anchoring piece 141 that anti-torsion flange 128 and bridge pier 142 end face are fixedly installed, plunger 1 and bridge pier 142 are fixedly linked, gear 136 is weldingly fixed on about bundled tube 150 top, the steel anchoring piece 139 arranged in tooth bar 137 and bridge 138 utilizes fastening piece (not shown) to link together, tooth bar 137 is arranged along the longitudinal direction of bridge 138, gear 136 engages each other cooperation with it in the middle part of tooth bar 137, complete the connection of friction damper of the present invention between bridge pier and bridge.When the situation such as earthquake or emergency brake of vehicle of generation, there is movement along tooth bar 137 arranged direction or vibration in bridge 138, under the driving of tooth bar 137, gear 136 can synchronously rotate, simultaneously, gear 136 is also with the relative plunger 1 of moving constraint cylinder 150 to rotate, thus realize bridge 138 to move horizontally the rotation be converted into about between bundled tube 150 and plunger 1, now, friction damper of the present invention is started working, because about bundled tube 150 surface is provided with tighting device for support, therebetween lasting surface friction drag can be there is in the process that about bundled tube 150 rotates relative to plunger 1, this surface friction drag oppositely does work and constantly consumes the rotational energy of about bundled tube 150, and then act on tooth bar 137 and bridge 138, make moving horizontally or vibrate and being tending towards static very soon of tooth bar 137 and bridge 138, be conducive to the Security improving driving.
Based on the know-why of this example, rotation converting mechanism can also be the concrete form such as sprocket wheel and chain interoperation mechanism, toothed belt and belt pulley matching mechanism, can realize same function, all in the protection domain of application claims.
Embodiment 29
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in Figure 56 and 57, is with the difference of embodiment 27, and when object 147 comparative basis framework 157 occurred level moves, the rotation converting mechanism that plunger 1 is arranged can also be eccentric shoe and guiding groove matching mechanism.
During application, on the metal connecting piece 156 utilizing fastening piece 129 and anti-torsion flange 128 about bundled tube 150 to be fixed on to be fixedly installed in basic framework 157, in addition, plunger 1 is fixedly installed and connects otic placode 143, recycling bearing pin 145 is hinged on connection otic placode 143 arranges eccentric shoe 144, together with the guiding groove 146 be processed into channel-section steel is welded and fixed with the steel anchoring piece be fixedly installed in object 147, eccentric shoe 144 is embedded in guiding groove 146 and also can slides in guiding groove 146, complete the installation of friction damper of the present invention between object 147 and basic framework 157.When there is the horizontal motion along guiding groove 146 bearing of trend is vertical in object 147 comparative basis framework 157, eccentric shoe 144 except along guiding groove 146 with except its generation relative sliding, also therewith move horizontally under the drive of guiding groove 146, eccentric shoe 144 can drive and connect otic placode 143 and plunger 1 relative restraint cylinder 150 and rotate in the process moved horizontally, thus object 147 moved horizontally the rotation being converted into plunger 1 relative restraint cylinder 150.Now friction damper of the present invention is started working, because about bundled tube 150 surface is provided with tighting device for support, therebetween lasting surface friction drag can be there is in the process that plunger 1 rotates in about bundled tube 150, this surface friction drag oppositely does work and constantly consumes the rotational energy of plunger 1, and then realize the kinetic energy continuing consumption object 147, make object 147 comparative basis framework 157 be tending towards static very soon.
Based on the know-why described in this example, in actual applications, also can anti-torsion flange be set on plunger; corresponding rotation converting mechanism is set on about bundled tube; also can realize same effect, accompanying drawing illustrates no longer in addition, also in the protection domain of application claims.
Embodiment 30
Friction damper of the present invention as shown in Figure 58, is with the difference of embodiment 29, and guiding groove is by the restraining groove Structure composing that the object be easily moved directly is arranged.Be described with the example that is applied as in bridge construction down, for same limit bridge 151 relative to bridge pier 149 longitudinally (namely in figure X to) and horizontal the moving of (i.e. Y-direction in figure), in bridge 151, corresponding X is respectively arranged with guiding groove 146a and 146b to Y-direction, guiding groove 146a and 146b is the restraining groove of integrated setting respectively on bridge 151 bottom surface, accordingly, two friction dampers of the present invention are set between bridge pier 149 and bridge 151, wherein, about bundled tube 150a and 150b is fixed together respectively by anti-torsion flange (not shown) and bridge pier 149, plunger 1a is connected otic placode 143a and 143b with plunger 1b is arranged respectively, eccentric shoe 144a by bearing pin 155a with to be connected otic placode 143a hinged, eccentric shoe 144b by bearing pin 155b with to be connected otic placode 143b hinged, eccentric shoe 144a and eccentric shoe 144b is embedded respectively in guiding groove 146a and guiding groove 146b.In the situation such as earthquake or emergency brake of vehicle, when bridge 151 moves along X to occurred level, eccentric shoe 144a can be driven to move along X to occurred level, and then drive plunger 1a relative restraint cylinder 150a to rotate, now friction damper of the present invention is started working, because about bundled tube 150a surface is provided with the tighting device for support of steel strand 4a formation, therebetween lasting surface friction drag can be there is in the process that plunger 1a rotates in about bundled tube 150a, this surface friction drag oppositely does work and constantly consumes the rotational energy of plunger 1a, and then hinder bridge 151 along X to move horizontally, the relative bridge pier 149 of bridge 151 is made to be tending towards static very soon.In like manner, when bridge 151 moves along Y-direction occurred level, eccentric shoe 144b can be driven to move along Y-direction occurred level, and then drive plunger 1b relative restraint cylinder 150b to rotate, now friction damper of the present invention is started working, because about bundled tube 150b surface is provided with the tighting device for support of steel strand 4b formation, therebetween lasting surface friction drag can be there is in the process that plunger 1b rotates in about bundled tube 150b, this surface friction drag oppositely does work and constantly consumes the rotational energy of plunger 1b, and then hinder bridge 151 moving horizontally along Y-direction, the relative bridge pier 149 of bridge 151 is made to be tending towards static very soon.It is to be noted, when there is the horizontal motion of any direction between bridge and bridge pier, this motion all can be decomposed into X to the component motion with Y-direction, then two friction dampers of the present invention are started working simultaneously, and mutual noninterference, make bridge be tending towards static very soon relative to the motion of bridge pier.
The technological scheme of narrating in the embodiment of the invention described above is only for understand know-why of the present invention better; be not limited to the technological scheme itself that embodiment narrates; technology in many embodiments is decided on a verdict and can also be carried out cross-utilization; also good effect can be realized; differ at this and one to illustrate, all within the protection domain of application claims.
Friction damper of the present invention tool compared with conventional friction damper has the following advantages:
1) owing to being provided with the closed tighting device for support of special hoop, hoop binding force and the resiliently deformable of its generation are larger, binding force is to plunger and the about wearing and tearing on bundled tube surface insensitive, very stable, positive pressure steady in a long-term can be provided at the friction surface about between bundled tube and plunger, thus ensure the stable output of damping force that is long-term, many cycles.
2) tighting device for support can adopt the high-strength tensile materials such as reinforcement wire, the main tension of material, uniform force, stress and strain level is high, therefore stock utilization is high, powerful hoop binding force can be produced, therefore friction damper of the present invention can produce very large frictional force, the tonnage of any requirement of engineering can be produced, reach kiloton level, go out force level far above existing frcition damper, and elasticity deposit high (pretension displacement), compensate for wear and stress relaxation can bring loss of friction.
3) because tighting device for support selection in friction damper of the present invention is various, set-up mode is various, different precompressions can be realized at the different parts of same product, therefore the attainable surface friction drag of product can be a continuous print changing value, can take into account simultaneously shake by force and the weak different operating mode such as to shake, applicability is stronger.
4) structure is simple, and cost is low, is easy to large-scale popularization application.
5) do not rely on constraint cylinder in the present invention and coordinate with the form and position tolerance between plunger the positive pressure providing friction surface, tighting device for support can install additional after assembling at about bundled tube and plunger again, therefore about between bundled tube and plunger without Fine Boring requirement, be easy to production and processing.
6) tonnage of product according to project needs, can be wound around before dispatching from the factory again in addition, the plunger of same size and urceolus, and binding force and frictional force can be different, are conducive to standardized production.Even if at the scene, adopt special tool can adjust tighting device for support at any time according to service condition change, the performance parameters such as the output of revised version invention friction damper.
7) because tighting device for support installs additional after assembling at about bundled tube and plunger again, once about bundled tube or plunger generation excessive wear, can binding force be readjusted, lengthening the life or recycling of at least part of element can be realized like this, environmental protection and economy more.
8) owing to have employed special tighting device for support, plunger and about bundled tube mainly bear positive pressure and frictional force, instead of original tensile stress, pressure stress and shearing stress, and force-bearing situation is greatly improved, and selection is wider, can pay the utmost attention to better frictional behaviour.
9) the present invention is due to compact structure, for the occasion of little damping force, is suitable for too, as washing machine vibration damping.
In addition, compared with traditional hole throttle type damper, friction damper of the present invention does not comprise any damping liquid, therefore its without the need to sealing, do not have user to restriction, there is no the hidden danger of befouling environment yet; Its damping force decides primarily of the tighting device for support that about bundled tube surface is arranged, and just can realize different damping forces by the pretightening force controlling tighting device for support, during use, damping force can design as required, can realize very large damping force; Another outstanding feature of the present invention is, its damping characteristic affects very little by the external condition such as temperature, humidity, damping capacity is very stable, and applicability is strong.In addition, friction damper of the present invention also has plurality of advantages, and such as, structure is simple, without precise part, therefore cost is low; Stable performance, reliable operation; Substantially long without the need to maintenance, life-span, use can be continued after maintenance, there is regenerative nature, very environmental protection.

Claims (4)

1. a friction damper, comprise plunger and about bundled tube, on the outer surface of about bundled tube, the working surface of corresponding about bundled tube inwall is provided with the closed tighting device for support of hoop, it is characterized in that the working surface close contact of plunger at least local and about bundled tube inwall, or plunger and about bundled tube are cooperatively interacted by friction element or wear resistant and rustproof layer, tighting device for support is made up of the pretension cotton rope of about bundled tube surface wrap, pretension cotton rope is applied with pretightening force in winding process, pretension cotton rope is silk, line, rope, or rope, pretension cotton rope is by steel wire, titanium alloy wire, carbon fiber, aramid fibre or spider silk are formed, the cylindrical shell of the about bundled tube coordinated with plunger is provided with at least one and stitches along the axially extended earth pressure release of cylindrical shell, or about bundled tube by least two sons about bundled tube form.
2. friction damper according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the working surface of about bundled tube or plunger is provided with friction factor and is greater than 0.3 and the friction element made of the friction proprietary material of friction factor long-term stability, or about the working surface of bundled tube or plunger is provided with the wear resistant and rustproof layer utilizing plating, sintering, pyrolytic coating, laser bonding mode to apply, and described friction proprietary material comprises cermet material, powdered metallurgical material, Cu alloy material and carbon fibre material.
3. friction damper according to claim 1, is characterized in that the friction element that corresponding about bundled tube or plunger working surface are arranged, and about bundled tube or plunger working surface is also provided with circumferentially or the convex-concave structure of axis.
4. friction damper according to claim 1, it is characterized in that son about bundled tube be constraining rod or restraining plate.
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CN103185100B (en) * 2013-03-15 2016-01-06 尹学军 The frcition damper that pretightening force is adjustable
CN103291797B (en) * 2013-03-15 2016-01-20 尹学军 A kind of frcition damper
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